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Dendrornithes

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Dendrornithes is an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was assigned to Terrestrornithes by Livezey and Zusi (2007).

Subtaxa
Anomalogonates, Raptores
Sister taxa
Anomalogonates, Raptores

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2007Dendrornithes Livezey and Zusi p. 93

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Dendrornithes
—Dendrornithes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Unr. Anomalogonates Garrod 1874
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Unr. Coccyges Huxley 1867
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Superor. Cuculimorphae Sibley 1988
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Or. Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 [cuckoo]
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Fm. Cuculidae Leach 1820 [cuckoo]
Fm. †Foratidae Olson 1992
Subor. Musophagi Seebohm 1890
Invalid names: Cuculi Wagler 1830 [empty], Cuculoidae Hay 1930 [empty]
Or. Opisthocomiformes L'Herminier 1837
+
Fm. Opisthocomidae Swainson 1837
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Or. Columbiformes Latham 1790 [dove]
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Subor. Columbae
Fm. Columbidae Illiger 1811
+
Invalid names: Raphidae Wetmore 1930 [synonym]
Fm. †Dididae Lydekker
Invalid names: Columboidae Hay 1930 [empty], Pterocletes [empty]
Or. Psittaciformes Wagler 1830 [parrot]
+
Fm. Cacatuidae Gray 1840 [cockatoo]
Fm. †Halcyornithidae Harrison and Walker 1972
+
Invalid names: Pseudasturidae Mayr 1998 [synonym]
Fm. †Messelasturidae Mayr 2005
G. †Mopsitta Waterhouse et al. 2008
Unr. Panpsittaciformes Mayr 2011
Fm. Psittacidae Illiger 1811 [parrot]
Fm. Psittaculidae Vigors 1825
Fm. Strigopidae Bonaparte 1849
Unr. Strigopoidea Bonaparte 1849
Invalid names: Nestoridae [empty], Platycercidae [empty], Quercypsittidae Mourer-Chauvire 1992 [empty]
Unr. Incessores Baird 1858
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Superor. Cypselomorphae Huxley 1867
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Or. Apodiformes Peters 1940 [swift]
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Fm. †Aegialornithidae Lydekker 1891
Subor. †Apodi
Fm. †Eocypselidae Harrison 1984
Fm. †Jungornithidae Karhu 1988
G. †Scaniacypselus Harrison 1984
Invalid names: Hemiprocni Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
Unr. Picoclamatores Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Superor. Passerimorphae Sibley 1988
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Or. Coraciiformes Forbes 1884
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Fm. Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 [kingfisher]
Fm. Brachypteraciidae Bonaparte 1854 [ground roller]
Subor. Coracii Wetmore and Miller 1926
Fm. Coraciidae Vigors 1825 [roller]
Subor. †Halcyones
Fm. Meropidae Vigors 1825
Fm. Momotidae Gray 1840 [motmot]
G. †Parvicuculus Harrison and Walker 1977
Fm. Todidae Vigors 1825
G. †Ueekenkcoracias Degrange et al. 2021
Invalid names: Coracioidea [empty], Cryptornis Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Cryptornis antiquus Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Eocoraciidae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000 [empty], Striges [empty]
Or. Piciformes Meyer and Wolf 1810
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Fm. Lybiidae Sibley and Ahlquist 1985 [African barbets]
Fm. Megalaimidae Blyth 1852 [Asian barbets]
Subor. Pici Linnaeus 1758
Fm. Picidae Vigors 1825 [woodpecker]
G. †Pristineanis Mayr and Kitchener 2024
Fm. Ramphastidae Vigors 1825
Fm. Semnornithidae Prum 1988 [Prong-billed barbets]
Fm. †Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1988
Invalid names: Picoidae [empty]
Fm. †Zygodactylidae Brodkorb 1971
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G. †Eozygodactylus Weidig 2010
G. †Primoscens Harrison and Walker 1977
G. †Primozygodactylus Mayr 1998
G. †Pseudastur Mayr 1998
G. †Quercypsitta Mourer-Chauvire 1992
G. †Serudaptus Mayr 2000
G. †Zygodactylus Ballmann 1969
Invalid names: Primoscenidae Harrison and Walker 1977 [synonym]
Unr. Trogones Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Superor. Trogonomorphae Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Or. Coliiformes Murie 1872 [mousebird]
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Fm. Coliidae Swainson 1837
G. †Eocolius Dyke and Waterhouse 2001
G. †Palaeospiza Allen 1878
Invalid names: Colii Gadow 1892 [empty]
Or. †Sandcoleiformes Houde and Olson 1992
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Fm. †Sandcoleidae Houde and Olson 1992
Or. Trogoniformes Wetmore and Miller 1926 [trogon]
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Fm. Trogonidae Lesson 1828
Unr. Raptores Baird 1858
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Or. Strigiformes Wagler 1830 [owl]
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G. †Berruornis Mourer-Chauviré 1994
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†Berruornis halbedeli Mayr 2007
†Berruornis orbisantiqui Mourer-Chauviré 1994
Fm. †Heterostrigidae Kurochkin and Dyke 2011
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G. †Heterostrix Kurochkin and Dyke 2011
Fm. †Ogygoptyngidae Rich and Bohaska 1981
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G. †Ogygoptynx Rich and Bohaska 1976
G. †Primoptynx Mayr et al. 2020
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†Primoptynx poliotauros Mayr et al. 2020
Fm. †Protostrigidae Wetmore 1933
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G. †Eostrix Brodkorb 1971
G. †Protostrix Wetmore 1933
Fm. †Sophiornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1987
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G. †Palaeobyas Mourer-Chauviré 1987
G. †Palaeotyto Mourer-Chauviré 1987
G. †Sophiornis Mourer-Chauviré 1987
Fm. Strigidae Vigors 1825 [true owl]
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G. Aegolius Kaup 1829
G. †Alasio Mlíkovský 1998
G. Asio Brisson 1760
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Invalid names: Noctua Gmelin 1771 [synonym], Nyctalops Wagler 1832 [synonym]
G. Athene Scopoli 1769
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Invalid names: Carine Kaup [synonym]
G. †Basityto Mlíkovský 1998
G. Bubo Dumeril 1806 [eagle-owl]
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Invalid names: Nyctea Stephens 1826 [synonym]
G. Ciccaba Wagler 1832
G. Cryptoglaux Richmond 1901
G. Glaucidium Boie 1826 [pygmy-owl]
G. †Grallistrix Olson and James 1991
G. †Intulula Mlíkovský 1998
G. Ketupa Lesson 1830
G. Margarobyas Olson and Suárez 2008
G. Megascops Kaup 1848
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Invalid names: Gymnasio Bonaparte 1854 [synonym]
G. Micrathene Coues 1866 [elf owl]
G. Micropallas Coues 1889
G. †Mioglaux Mlíkovský 1998
G. †Necrobyas Milne-Edwards 1891
G. Ninox Hodgson 1837
G. †Oraristrix Campbell and Bochenski 2010
G. †Ornimegalonyx Arredondo 1958 [Cuban giant owl]
G. Otus Pennant 1769 [scops owl]
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Invalid names: Mascarenotus Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1994 [synonym], Scops Savigny 1809 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoglaux Mourer-Chauviré 1987
G. †Prosybris Brodkorb 1970
G. †Sceloglaux Kaup 1848
G. Speotyto Gloger 1841
G. †Strigogyps Gaillard 1908
G. Strix Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Syrnium Savigny 1809 [synonym]
G. Surnia Duméril 1806 [northern hawk owl]
Subfm. Surniinae del Hoyo et al. 2014
Invalid names: Asio pygmaeus Serebrovs'kyj 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ieraglaucinae Bonaparte 1854 [empty], Otus henrici Milne-Edwards 1892 [invalid subgroup], Striginae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Fm. Tytonidae Ridgway 1914 [barn owl]
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G. †Lechusa Miller 1956
G. †Nocturnavis Mourer-Chauviré 1987
Subfm. Phodilinae Beddard 1898
G. †Selenornis Mourer-Chauviré 1987
G. Tyto Billberg 1828
Invalid names: Tytoninae Mathews 1912 [empty]
Invalid names: Bubonidae Sclater and Salvin 1873 [empty], Palaeoglaucidae Mourer-Chauviré 1987 [empty], Selenornithinae Mourer-Chaviré 1987 [empty]
Invalid names: Cathartides Coues 1884 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma

Collections (765 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Oena plana (190555)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Tsidiiyazhi abini (187009)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Colorado) Ogygoptynx wetmorei (14967)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2France (Auvergne) Messelasturidae indet. (113685)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) Berruornis sp., Aves indet. (74643)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Berruornis orbisantiqui (68428 87925)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Wyoming) Eobucco sp. (133237)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Coracii indet., Laputa robusta, Primobucco sp., Septencoracias morsensis, Septencoracias simillimus, Pristineanis major, Pristineanis minor, Tynskya waltonensis, Eocolius walkeri (85229)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Eotrogon stenorhynchus (227361) Microena goodwini, Primapus lacki (8050) Parvicuculus minor (204217) Primapus lacki (13299 178051) Septencoracias morsensis, Primoscens carolinae (224382)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Denmark Mopsitta tanta, Eoglaucidium sp., Chascacocolius oscitans, Eocypselus vincenti, Pseudastur sp. (84460) Septentrogon madseni (67711)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Passeriformes indet. (59088)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (Sussex) Primoscens minutus, Procuculus minutus, Primapus lacki (13298)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Septencoracias sp., Halcyornithidae indet., Apodiformes indet. (68430)
Lysitean55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Eostrix martinellii (74295)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Eostrix gulottai, Parvicuculus sp., Zygodactylidae indet., Messelasturidae gen. et sp. indet. A, Messelasturidae gen. et sp. indet. B, Halcyornithidae indet., Pulchrapollia sp., Trogoniformes indet., Eocypselidae indet. (15595)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Aves indet. (46797) Celericolius acriala (224383) Eocypselus rowei (15664) Eozygodactylus americanus (15853) Foro panarium (206868) Primobucco kistneri (67863) Primobucco mcgrewi (81452)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) Primobucco olsoni (81453)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Musophagidae indet. (38951)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis (118314)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom Halcyornis toliapicus (215472)