PBDB Collection

Langenau 1 (Miocene of Germany)

Where: Baden-Württemberg, Germany (48.5° N, 10.1° E: paleocoordinates 48.7° N, 8.4° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Kirchberg beds Member (Brackwater Molasse Formation), Burdigalian (20.4 - 16.0 Ma)

• lithostratigraphy is according to Böttcher (1987, Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. B 131)

•

•Pippèrr et al. 2007: Biostratigraphical studies based on otoliths and small mammals suggest that the Upper Brackish Molasse is Late Ottnangian in age (e.g. ZIEGLER & FAHLBUSCH 1986; REICHENBACHER et al. 2004). Adding support to this age estimate is the positive correlation of the Upper Brackish Molasse with the sediments in Switzerland and the Rzehakia Beds of the Central Paratethys (SENES 1973; REICHENBACHER et al. 1998).

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: paralic; pebbly, gray, yellow, sandy marl and unlithified, pyritic, black, gray, blue mudstone

• The "sandwiching" of the dark mudstones (the Kirchberg beds proper) between the coarse grained beds (so called "Jura-Nagelfluh") represents the intertonguing of deposits of a brackish water body (the so called "Graupensand Meer", "pearl barley sand sea") with sediments of a gravel bed river which came from NW, from the Swabian Alb (Böttcher, 1987).

• The deepest part of the fossiliferous horizon is composed of yellowish sandy to gravely (limestone gravel, contains fairly large boulders) marls ("Gelbe Schicht", "yellow layer"), overlain by bluish-gray to black unlithified mudstones ("Schwarze Schicht", "black layer") forming gutter- or channel-like structures at their base which cut down into the "yellow layer". Further up-section again yellowish-gray sandy marls with individual gravely layers occur ("Obere Fundstelle", "upper site").

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

• Several thousands of vertebrate remains (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) have been recovered from the three fossiliferous beds. Mammals are mainly represented by large animals (individual teeth and bones, whole skulls and mandibles as well as larger portions of the skeleton, or, in case of Deinotherium, whole skeletons). Numerous remains of micromammals have been obtained by screenwashing of bulk samples (a total of 13,500 kg). Langenau 1 produced a total of:

•3 complete and partial skeletons

•about 90 skulls and jaw fragments

•160 individual teeth of large mammals

•1800 bone remains of large mammals

•1000 teeth and bone remains of small mammals

Collected by SMNS in 1976; reposited in the BSP, SMNS

Collection methods: bulk, sieve,

• The fossils have been recovered during a three-month rescue excavation in the summer of 1976.

Primary reference: E.P.J. Heizmann, L. Ginsburg, and C. Bulot. 1980. Prosansanosmilus peregrinus, ein neuer machairodontider Felide aus dem Miocän Deutschlands und Frankreichs. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Ser. B. 58:1-27 [L. van den Hoek Ostende/L. van den Hoek Ostende]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 69098: authorized by Lars van den Hoek Ostende, entered by Lars van den Hoek Ostende on 18.02.2007, edited by Mark Uhen, Terri Cleary and David Nicholson

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• The locality also yielded many plants and authochthonous invertebrates (e.g. cardiid pelecypods).

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	cf. Abramis sp.³, Palaeocarassinus sp.³ cf. Abramis sp.³ Palaeocarassinus sp.³
Actinopteri
Anabantiformes - Channidae	Channa elliptica³ Channa elliptica³ von Salis 1967 snakehead
Acanthomorphata - Ambassidae	Dapalis curvirostris³, Dapalis formosus³ Dapalis curvirostris³ Dapalis formosus³
Atheriniformes - Atherinidae	Atherinidarum brzobohatyi³ Atherinidarum brzobohatyi³ silverside
Acanthomorphata - Sciaenidae	Atractoscion ottnagensis³, Atractoscion similis³ Atractoscion ottnagensis³ Atractoscion similis³
Gobiiformes - Gobiidae	Gobius multipinnatus³, Gobius cf. telleri³ Gobius multipinnatus³ goby Gobius cf. telleri³ goby
Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei	Clupeonella humilis³ Clupeonella humilis³ sprat
Cypriniformes - Cyprinidae	Rutilus sp.³ Rutilus sp.³ Rafinesque 1820 carp-like fish
Reptilia
Crocodylia -	Diplocynodon sp.³ Diplocynodon sp.³ Pomel 1847 crocodilian
Aves
-	Aves indet.³ Aves indet.³ Linnaeus 1758 bird
Reptilia
Testudines - Trionychidae	Trionyx sp.³ Trionyx sp.³ Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809 softshell turtle
Testudines - Chelydridae	Chelydropsis sp.³ Chelydropsis sp.³ Peters 1868 turtle
Testudines - Geoemydidae	Mauremys sarmatica², Ocadia sp.³ Mauremys sarmatica² Purschke 1885 pond turtle SMNS 53450, 80002, 80576 Ocadia sp.³ Gray 1870 turtle
Testudines - Testudinidae	Testudo sp.³, Geochelone sp.³ Testudo sp.³ Linnaeus 1758 turtle Geochelone sp.³ Fitzinger 1835 turtle originally entered as "Geocheone sp."
Squamata - Anguidae	Ophisaurus sp.³ Ophisaurus sp.³ Daudin 1803 glass lizard
Squamata - Crotalidae	Vipera sp.³ Vipera sp.³ Laurenti 1768 pit viper "'Oriental vipers' complex", specimen figured in Szyndlar & Rage (1999): SMNS 53915
Squamata - Colubridae	Palaeonatrix sp.³, Coluber caspioides³ Palaeonatrix sp.³ Szyndlar 1982 colubrid snake Coluber caspioides³ Szyndlar and Schleich 1993 racer
Squamata - Lacertidae	Lacerta sp.³ Lacerta sp.³ Linnaeus 1758 squamates
Squamata - Chamaeleonidae	Chamaeleonidae "indet. 1"¹, Chamaeleo cf. caroliquarti³, Chamaeleo pfeili³ Chamaeleonidae "indet. 1"¹ Gray 1825 chameleon SMNS 80621, fragment of right maxilla and posterior region of left maxilla Chamaeleo cf. caroliquarti³ Moody and Roček 1980 chameleon Chamaeleo pfeili³ Schleich 1984 chameleon
Mammalia
Tribosphenida - Herpetotheriidae	Amphiperatherium frequens³ Amphiperatherium frequens³ von Meyer 1846 marsupial
Proboscidea - Gomphotheriidae	Gomphotherium angustidens Gomphotherium angustidens Burmeister 1837 gomphothere
Proboscidea - Deinotheriidae	"Deinotherium bavaricum" = Prodeinotherium bavaricum "Deinotherium bavaricum" = Prodeinotherium bavaricum von Meyer 1831 deinothere
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Vespertilionidae indet.³, cf. Eptesicus aurelianensis³ Vespertilionidae indet.³ Gray 1821 vesper bat cf. Eptesicus aurelianensis³ Ziegler 1993 house bat
Placentalia -	Carnivora indet.³ Carnivora indet.³ Bowdich 1821 carnivoran
Carnivora - Nimravidae	Prosansanosmilus peregrinus n. sp., Prosansanosmilus peregrinus³ Prosansanosmilus peregrinus n. sp. Heizmann et al. 1980 false sabre-tooth Prosansanosmilus peregrinus³ Heizmann et al. 1980 false sabre-tooth
Carnivora - Felidae	Pseudaelurus romieviensis Pseudaelurus romieviensis Roman and Viret 1934 cat
Carnivora - Hyaenidae	Protictitherium gaillardi Protictitherium gaillardi Forsyth Major 1903 hyaena
Carnivora - Amphicyonidae	Amphicyonidae indet.³, Amphicyon sp., Amphicyon giganteus Amphicyonidae indet.³ Haeckel 1886 bear-dog Amphicyon sp. Lartet 1836 bear-dog Amphicyon giganteus Schinz 1825 bear-dog
Carnivora - Mustelidae	Mustelidae indet.³, Ischyrictis sp. Mustelidae indet.³ Fischer 1817 mustelid carnivore Ischyrictis sp. Helbing 1930 mustelid carnivore
Perissodactyla - Equidae	Anchitherium aurelianense Anchitherium aurelianense Cuvier 1825 anchitheriine horse
Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae	Plesiaceratherium lumiarense³, Prosantorhinus sp., Prosantorhinus douvillei³, Brachypotherium sp., cf. Brachypotherium brachypus³, Aceratherium sp. Plesiaceratherium lumiarense³ Antunes and Ginsburg 1983 rhinoceros Prosantorhinus sp. Heissig 1973 rhinoceros Prosantorhinus douvillei³ Osborn 1902 rhinoceros Brachypotherium sp. Roger 1904 rhinoceros cf. Brachypotherium brachypus³ Lartet 1848 rhinoceros generic name originally entered as "Brachyptherium" Aceratherium sp. Kaup 1834 rhinoceros
Artiodactyla -	Ruminantia indet.³ Ruminantia indet.³ ruminant
Artiodactyla - Bovidae	cf. Eotragus sp., Eotragus sp.³ cf. Eotragus sp. Pilgrim 1939 antelope Eotragus sp.³ Pilgrim 1939 antelope
Artiodactyla -	Amphimoschus pontileviensis Amphimoschus pontileviensis Bourgeois 1873 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Lagomerycidae	Lagomeryx ruetimeyeri³ Lagomeryx ruetimeyeri³ Thenius 1949 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Palaeomerycidae	Procervulus cf. dichotomus, Procervulus dichotomus³ Procervulus cf. dichotomus Gervais 1849 ruminant Procervulus dichotomus³ Gervais 1849 ruminant
Artiodactyla - Tragulidae	Dorcatherium naui³, Dorcatherium crassum Dorcatherium naui³ Kaup 1833 chevrotain Dorcatherium crassum Lartet 1851 chevrotain
Artiodactyla - Suidae	Bunolistriodon lockharti, ? Hyotherium sp., cf. Hyotherium sp.³ Bunolistriodon lockharti pig ? Hyotherium sp. von Meyer 1834 pig cf. Hyotherium sp.³ von Meyer 1834 pig
Artiodactyla - Cainotheriidae	Cainotherium sp., Cainotherium cf. bavaricum³ Cainotherium sp. Bravard 1828 even-toed ungulate Cainotherium cf. bavaricum³ Berger 1959 even-toed ungulate
Soricomorpha - Talpidae	Talpidae indet., Talpinae indet.³, cf. Scaptonyx sp.³, Proscapanus cf. intercedens³, Mygalea cf. antiqua³ Talpidae indet. Fischer de Waldheim 1817 mole Talpinae indet.³ Fisher von Waldheim 1817 mole cf. Scaptonyx sp.³ Milne-Edwards 1872 Long-tailed mole Proscapanus cf. intercedens³ Ziegler 1985 mole Mygalea cf. antiqua³ Pomel 1848 mole
Soricomorpha - Soricidae	Soricidae indet., Crocidosoricinae indet.³, Lartetium dehmi³ Soricidae indet. Fischer 1814 shrew Crocidosoricinae indet.³ Reumer 1987 shrew Lartetium dehmi³ shrew
Soricomorpha - Plesiosoricidae	Plesiosorex sp., Plesiosorex germanicus³ Plesiosorex sp. Pomel 1848 placental Plesiosorex germanicus³ Seemann 1938 placental
Tribosphenida - Erinaceidae	Galerix sp., Galerix cf. symeonidisi³ Galerix sp. Pomel 1848 hedgehog Galerix cf. symeonidisi³ Doukas 1986 hedgehog
Tribosphenida - Erinaceoidae	Dimylidae indet. Dimylidae indet. Schlosser 1887 placental
Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae	Lagopsis sp., Lagopsis penai³, Prolagus sp., Prolagus oeningensis³, cf. Amphilagus sp.³ Lagopsis sp. Schlosser 1894 pika Lagopsis penai³ pika Prolagus sp. Pomel 1853 pika Prolagus oeningensis³ König 1825 pika cf. Amphilagus sp.³ Tobien 1974 pika
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Spermophilinus aff. bredai³, cf. Forsythia gaudryi³, Heteroxerus sp., Heteroxerus cf. rubricati³ Spermophilinus aff. bredai³ von Meyer 1848 squirrel cf. Forsythia gaudryi³ squirrel Heteroxerus sp. Stehlin and Schaub 1951 squirrel Heteroxerus cf. rubricati³ squirrel
Rodentia - Gliridae	Miodyromys sp.³, Pseudodryomys sp., Pseudodryomys ibericus³, Bransatoglis sp., Glirudinus sp.³ Miodyromys sp.³ Kretzoi 1943 dormouse originally entered as "Miodryomys sp." Pseudodryomys sp. de Bruijn 1966 dormouse Pseudodryomys ibericus³ de Bruijn 1966 dormouse Bransatoglis sp. Hugueney 1967 dormouse Glirudinus sp.³ de Bruijn 1966 dormouse
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Democricetodon franconicus, Democricetodon aff. franconicus³, Melissiodon dominans, cf. Megacricetodon sp.³, Megacricetodon cf. collongensis, Megacricetodon aff. collongensis³, Eumyarion cf. weinfurteri Democricetodon franconicus Fahlbusch 1966 rodent Democricetodon aff. franconicus³ Fahlbusch 1966 rodent Melissiodon dominans Dehm 1950 rodent cf. Megacricetodon sp.³ Fahlbusch 1964 rodent large form Megacricetodon cf. collongensis Mein 1958 rodent Megacricetodon aff. collongensis³ Mein 1958 rodent Eumyarion cf. weinfurteri Schaub and Zapfe 1953 rodent
Rodentia - Castoridae	Steneofiber sp., Steneofiber minutus³, Steneofiber depereti Steneofiber sp. Geoffroy 1833 beaver small form Steneofiber minutus³ beaver Steneofiber depereti Mayet 1908 beaver
Rodentia - Eomyidae	Keramidomys cf. thaleri³, Ligerimys sp., Ligerimys florancei³ Keramidomys cf. thaleri³ Hugueney and Mein 1968 rodent Ligerimys sp. Schaub 1951 rodent Ligerimys florancei³ rodent
Amphibia
Caudata - Urodela	Mioproteus caucasicus³, Andrias scheuchzeri³, Chelotriton sp.³ Mioproteus caucasicus³ Estes and Darevsky 1978 mudpuppy Andrias scheuchzeri³ Tschudi 1837 giant salamander Chelotriton sp.³ Pomel 1853 newt
Salientia - Ranidae	"Rana ridibunda" = Pelophylax ridibunda³ "Rana ridibunda" = Pelophylax ridibunda³ Pallas 1771 frog
Salientia - Discoglossidae	Latonia gigantea³ Latonia gigantea³ Lartet 1851 painted frog

¹Čerňanský 2011; ²Hervet 2004; ³Sach and Heizmann 2001