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Taxonomy
Bovina was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. Its type is Bos.
It was corrected as Bovinae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Croft et al. (2006), Leslie (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Gentry (2010), Wang et al. (2015) and Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017).
It was assigned to Bovidae by Gray (1825), Bonaparte (1850), Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Croft et al. (2006), Leslie (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Gentry (2010), Wang et al. (2015) and Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017).
It was corrected as Bovinae by Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Croft et al. (2006), Leslie (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Gentry (2010), Wang et al. (2015) and Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017).
It was assigned to Bovidae by Gray (1825), Bonaparte (1850), Hay (1902), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Grubb (2001), Hassanin and Douzery (2003), Croft et al. (2006), Leslie (2008), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Gentry (2010), Wang et al. (2015) and Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1821 | Bovina Gray |
| 1825 | Bovina Gray p. 342 |
| 1850 | Bovina Bonaparte p. 1 |
| 1902 | Bovinae Hay p. 688 |
| 1980 | Bovinae Kurten and Anderson p. 335 |
| 1999 | Bovinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 893 |
| 2001 | Bovinae Grubb p. 375 |
| 2003 | Bovinae Hassanin and Douzery p. 223 |
| 2006 | Bovinae Croft et al. p. 1039 |
| 2008 | Bovinae Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2008 | Bovinae Leslie, Jr. p. 1 |
| 2010 | Bovinae Gentry p. 753 |
| 2015 | Bovinae Wang et al. p. 340 |
| 2017 | Bovinae Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Bovinae Gray 1821
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Tr. Boselaphini Knottnerus-Meyer 1997
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G. Boselaphus de Blainville 1816 [nilgai]
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Boselaphus tragocamelus Pallas 1766 [nilgai]
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Invalid names: Antilope leucopus Zimmermann 1777 [synonym], Antilope picta Pallas 1777 [synonym], Boselaphus albipes Erxleben 1777 [synonym], Damalis risia Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Tragelaphus hippelaphus Ogilby 1837 [synonym]
Invalid names: Portax Hamilton-Smith 1827 [synonym], Tragelaphus Ogilby 1837 [synonym]
G. †Kipsigicerus Thomas 1984
G. †Mirabilocerus Meladze 1967
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†Mirabilocerus brevicornis Meladze 1967
†Mirabilocerus eldaricus Gabashvali 1956
†Mirabilocerus maius Meladze 1967
G. †Neotragocerus Matthew and Cook 1909
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†Neotragocerus improvisus Matthew and Cook 1909
Invalid names: Neotragocerus lindgreni Merriam 1918 [nomen dubium]
G. †Parabos Arambourg and Piveteau 1929
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†Parabos boodon Gervais 1853
†Parabos cordieri de Christol 1832
†Parabos savelisi Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
G. †Pikermicerus Kretzoi 1941
G. †Protragocerus Deperet 1887
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†Protragocerus chantrei Depéret 1887
†Protragocerus labidotus Gentry 1970
G. †Tragoportax Pilgrim 1937
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†Tragoportax abyssinicus Haile-Selassie et al. 2009
†Tragoportax amalthea Roth and Wagner 1854
†Tragoportax curvicornis Andree 1926
†Tragoportax cyrenaicus Thomas 1979
†Tragoportax rugosifrons Schlosser 1904
†Tragoportax salmontanus Pilgrim 1937
†Tragoportax spectabilis Schlosser 1903
Tr. Bovini Gray 1821
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G. Bison Hamilton-Smith 1827 [bison]
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†Bison alaskensis Rhoads 1897
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Invalid names: Bison aguascalentensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975 [synonym], Bison chaneyi Cook 1928 [synonym]
†Bison antiquus Leidy 1852
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Invalid names: Bison californicus Rhoads 1897 [synonym], Bison figginsi Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison kansensis McClung 1905 [synonym], Bison occidentalis Lucas 1898 [synonym], Bison oliverhayi Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison pacificus Hay 1927 [synonym], Bison taylori Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bison texanus Hay and Cook 1928 [synonym], Bos scaphoceras [synonym]
†Bison francisi Frick 1937
†Bison latifrons Harlan 1825
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Invalid names: Bison alleni Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison angularis Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bison ferox Marsh 1877 [synonym], Bison regius Hay 1913 [synonym], Bison rotundus Figgins 1933 [synonym], Bos arizonica Blake 1898 [synonym], Bos crampianus Cope 1894 [synonym], Sus americanus Harlan [synonym]
†Bison palaeosinensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Bison priscus Bojanus 1827
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Invalid names: Bison crassicornis Richardson 1854 [synonym], Bison geisti Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison praeoccidentalis Skinner and Kaisen 1947 [synonym], Bison willistoni Martin 1924 [synonym]
†Bison sivalensis Falconer 1847
†Bison sylvestris Hay 1915
Invalid names: Harlanus Owen 1846 [synonym], Simobison Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Stelabison Figgins 1933 [synonym]
G. Bos Linnaeus 1758 [ox]
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Subg. Bos (Bibos) Hodgson 1837
†Bos acutifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
†Bos chinensis Gray 1873
Bos frontalis Lambert 1804 [gayal]
Bos gaurus Smith 1827
Bos indicus Linnaeus 1758
Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823
†Bos makapaani Broom 1937
Bos mutus Przewalski 1883
†Bos namadicus Falconer and Cautley 1847
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Invalid names: Bos falconerianus Falconer 1860 [objective synonym]
†Bos palaethiopicus Arambourg 1979
†Bos planifrons Lydekker 1877
†Bos platyrhinus Lydekker 1878
†Bos primigenius Bojanus 1827
Bos sauveli Urbain 1937
Bos taurus Linnaeus 1758 [cow]
Subtr. Bubalina Pligrim 1939
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G. Bubalus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [water buffalo]
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Subg. †Bubalus (Bubalus) Hamilton-Smith 1827
†Bubalus brevicornis Young 1936
†Bubalus cebuensis Croft et al. 2006
Bubalus depressicornis Smith 1827 [lowland anoa]
†Bubalus guzhensis Liu Jialong & Zhen Shuonan 1981
†Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood 1925
Bubalus mindorensis Heude 1888
Bubalus murrensis Berckhemer 1927
†Bubalus palaeindicus Falconer 1868
†Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 1908
Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910
†Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
†Bubalus tingi Bohlin 1938
†Bubalus triangulatus Liu Jialong 1981
†Bubalus wansijocki Boule and Chardin 1928
†Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957
G. Syncerus Hodgson 1847 [African buffalo]
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†Syncerus acoelotus Gentry 1985
†Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
G. †Pelorovis Reck 1928
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†Pelorovis antiquus Duvernoy 1851
†Pelorovis howelli Hadjouis and Sahnouni 2006
†Pelorovis kaisensis Geraads and Thomasson 1994
†Pelorovis oldowayensis Reck 1928
†Pelorovis turkanensis Harris 1991
†Pelorovis turkanensis brachyceras Geraads et al. 2004
G. †Simatherium Dietrich 1941
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†Simatherium kohllareseni Dietrich 1941
†Simatherium shungurense Geraads 1995
G. †Ugandax Cooke and Coryndon 1970
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†Ugandax coryndonae Gentry 2006
†Ugandax demissum Gentry 1980
†Ugandax gautieri Cook and Coryndon 1970
Invalid names: Bovina Gray 1821 [empty]
G. †Duboisea Stremme 1911
G. †Miotragocerus Stromer 1928
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†Miotragocerus crusafonti Moya-Sola 1983
†Miotragocerus cyrenaicus Thomas 1979
†Miotragocerus gaudryi Kretzoi 1941
†Miotragocerus gradiens Pilgrim 1939
†Miotragocerus gregarius Schlosser 1903
†Miotragocerus leskewitschi Borissiak 1914
†Miotragocerus macedoniensis Bouvrain 1988
†Miotragocerus monacensis Stromer 1928
†Miotragocerus pannoniae Kretzoi 1941
†Miotragocerus valenciennesi Gaudry 1861
G. †Platycerabos Barbour and Schultz 1942
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†Platycerabos dodsoni Barbour and Schultz 1941
Invalid names: Parabos Barbour and Schultz 1941 [replaced]
Tr. Tragelaphini Blyth 1863
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G. Taurotragus Wagner 1855 [eland]
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Taurotragus derbianus Gray 1847
Taurotragus oryx Pallas 1766 [common eland]
G. Tragelaphus de Blainville 1816
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Tragelaphus angasii Gray 1849 [nyala]
†Tragelaphus arkelli Leakey 1965
Tragelaphus buxtoni Lydekker 1910 [mountain nyala]
Tragelaphus derbianus Gray 1847 [giant eland]
Tragelaphus eurycerus Ogilby 1837 [bongo]
†Tragelaphus gaudryi Thomas 1884
Tragelaphus imberbis Blythe 1869 [lesser kudu]
†Tragelaphus kyaloae Harris 1991
†Tragelaphus lockwoodi Reed and Bibi 2010
†Tragelaphus nakuae Arambourg 1941
Tragelaphus oryx Pallas 1766 [common eland]
Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas 1766 [bushbuck]
Tragelaphus spekii Sclater 1864 [sitatunga]
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas 1766 [greater kudu]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma
Collections (1150 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mongolia | Eotragus sp. (85060) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Eotragus artenensis (136269) | |
| Miocene | Pakistan | Sivoreas eremita (35042) | |
| Miocene | France (Vaucluse) | Miotragocerus gaudryi (201497 201499 201500) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Taurotragus sp., Bovini indet., Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Tragelaphus angasi (22224) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Simatherium demissum (22390 22400 22418 22425 22462) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan (Tainan) | Bibos geron (76866) Bibos sp. (76867) | |
| Neogene | Taiwan | Bibos geron (76868) | |
| Miocene - Pleistocene | Ethiopia | Tragelaphus sp. (22128) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Eotragus sp. (69098) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Toledo) | Miotragocerus sp. (40721) | |
| Burdigalian | Greece | Eotragus artenensis (68032) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Zaragoza) | Eotragus sp. (40716) | |
| Burdigalian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | Eotragus haplodon, Eotragus sansaniensis (39714) | |
| Orleanian | Spain (Madrid) | Miotragocerus sp. (40747) | |
| MN 3 - MN 5 | France | Eotragus sansaniensis (94801 191829) | |
| MN 4 | France (Centre) | Eotragus artenensis (69116) | |
| MN 4 - MN 5 | Greece (Macedonia) | Eotragus sp. (73861) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bayern) | Eotragus sansaniensis (45613) | |
| Langhian | France (Aquitaine Region) | Eotragus sansaniensis (31326) | |