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Titanosauria

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Titanosauria was named by Bonaparte and Coria (1993). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Titanomorpha by Sereno (1997); to Macronaria by Sereno et al. (1999); to Titanosauroidea by Powell (2003); to Camarasauromorpha by Moser et al. (2006); to Sauropoda by Bonaparte and Coria (1993), Bonaparte (1996), González-Riga (2003), Curry Rogers and Forster (2004) and Gorscak et al. (2014); to Somphospondyli by Sereno (1998), Wilson and Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Wilson (2002), You et al. (2004), Curry Rogers (2005), Allain and Aquesbi (2008), González Riga et al. (2009), Zaher et al. (2011), D'Emic (2013), Gallina and Otero (2015), Gasparini et al. (2015), Filippi (2015) and Apesteguía et al. (2021); to Sauropoda by Moyano-Paz et al. (2022); to Sauropoda by García et al. (2008), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Company et al. (2009), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Agnolin et al. (2023), Agnolín et al. (2023) and Filippi et al. (2024); and to Titanosauriformes by Salgado et al. (1997), Smith et al. (2001), Upchurch et al. (2004), Martínez et al. (2004), Novas et al. (2005), Salgado and Coria (2005), Apesteguía (2005), Royo-Torres et al. (2006), Apesteguía (2007), Casal et al. (2007), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Calvo et al. (2007), González Riga and Ortiz David (2014), Lacovara et al. (2014), Ibiricu et al. (2017), Novas et al. (2019), Paulina-Carabajal et al. (2021) and Soto et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1877Titanosaurus Lydekker pp. 38-40
1877Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 38-40
1878Titanosaurus indicus Cope p. 130
1879Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 20
1879Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 20
1880Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 18
1883Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 66
1883Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 86
1885Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 37
1885Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 37
1887Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 66-67
1887Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 78
1887Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 156
1887Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 160
1888Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 134
1888Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker pp. 134-135
1890Titanosaurus Zittel p. 716
1893Titanosaurus Lydekker p. 3
1893Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker p. 3
1893Titanosaurus nanus Lydekker p. 8–9 figs. Pl. 3:1, 3
1895Titanosaurus Marsh
1896Titanosaurus nanus Ameghino p. 89
1896Titanosaurus madagascariensis Depéret pp. 181-188 figs. 2, Pl. 4:1-3
1896Titanosaurus Depéret p. 184
1896Titanosaurus indicus Depéret p. 187
1896Titanosaurus madagascariensis Depéret p. 485
1896Titanosaurus Marsh p. 242
1897Titanosaurus madagascariensis Gautier p. 192
1898Titanosaurus Marsh p. 158
1900Titanosaurus Ameghino p. 216
1900Titanosaurus nanus Ameghino p. 216
1900Titanosaurus Depéret p. 639
1900Titanosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 101
1901Titanosaurus Gautier p. 115
1901Titanosaurus Nopcsa p. 207
1901Titanosaurus indicus Nopcsa p. 207
1901Titanosaurus madagascariensis Nopcsa p. 207
1901Titanosaurus nanus Nopcsa p. 207
1906Titanosaurus madagascariensis Lemoine p. 206
1907Titanosaurus madagascariensis Thevenin p. 13
1908Titanosaurus madagascariensis Fraas p. 117
1908Titanosaurus Huene p. 297
1909Titanosaurus Arldt p. 262
1909Titanosaurus Huene p. 14
1911Titanosaurus von Zittel p. 287
1921Titanosaurus indicus Matley p. 153
1922Titanosaurus indicus Gilmore p. 8
1922Titanosaurus Joleaud p. 61
1924Titanosaurus Das Gupta p. 164
1924Titanosaurus indicus Joleaud p. 45
1927Titanosaurus Huene p. 126
1927Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene p. 267
1927Titanosaurus indicus Huene p. 267
1927Titanosaurus Huene p. 469
1928Titanosaurus Haughton pp. 72-73
1928Titanosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1929Titanosaurus Huene p. 86
1929Titanosaurus indicus Huene p. 87
1929Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene p. 91
1929Titanosaurus Huene p. 495
1931Titanosaurus indicus Matley p. 277
1932Titanosaurus indicus Stromer p. 5
1932Titanosaurus madagascariensis Stromer p. 5
1932Titanosaurus Stromer p. 16
1933Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Anonymous p. 338
1933Titanosaurus Huene p. 70
1933Titanosaurus indicus Huene and Matley p. 7
1933Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Huene and Matley p. 39
1936Titanosaurus Swinton p. 211
1937Titanosaurus Young p. 22
1939Titanosaurus Kuhn p. 87
1939Titanosaurus indicus Kuhn p. 87
1939Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Kuhn p. 90
1941Titanosaurus Huene p. 90
1942Titanosaurus Hoffet p. 53
1942Titanosaurus falloti Hoffet p. 53 figs. 1-2
1942Titanosaurus indicus Hoffet p. 54
1946Titanosaurus Gilmore p. 30
1947Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 27
1947Titanosaurus indicus Swinton p. 112
1948Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 1186
1956Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent and Aguirre p. 380
1956Titanosaurus Romer p. 622
1957Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Lapparent p. 110
1957Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 112
1957Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent and Aguirre p. 5
1957Titanosaurus madagascariensis Lavocat p. 363
1960Titanosaurus Bataller p. 159
1960Titanosaurus indicus Bataller p. 159
1960Titanosaurus indicus Jeletzky p. 34
1963Titanosaurus madagascariensis Furon p. 362
1964Titanosaurus Tatarinov p. 545
1964Titanosaurus indicus Tatarinov p. 545
1966Titanosaurus Campbell p. 165
1966Titanosaurus Romer p. 370
1967Titanosaurus Bonaparte and Bossi p. 38
1967Titanosaurus Charig p. 713
1967Titanosaurus indicus Charig p. 713
1967Titanosaurus indicus Lapparent p. 11
1970Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Steel p. 76
1970Titanosaurus Steel p. 77
1970Titanosaurus indicus Steel p. 77
1970Titanosaurus nanus Steel p. 77
1970Titanosaurus Swinton p. 183
1970Titanosaurus indicus Swinton p. 183
1971Titanosaurus indicus Dinca et al. p. 90
1972Titanosaurus Mones p. 29
1976Titanosaurus indicus Dughi and Sirugue p. 10
1976Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Russell et al.
1976Titanosaurus Russell et al.
1976Titanosaurus indicus Russell et al.
1977Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Obata and Kanie p. 162
1977Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Taquet p. 328
1978Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 555
1980Titanosaurus Bonaparte and Powell p. 26
1980Titanosaurus Kues et al. p. 867
1980Titanosaurus Molnar p. 137
1981Titanosaurus Coombs, Jr. and Molnar p. 356
1984Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 139
1984Titanosaurus indicus Bonaparte p. 139
1984Titanosaurus indicus Brinkmann p. 297
1984Titanosaurus indicus Grigorescu p. 111
1984Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Sahni p. 442
1984Titanosaurus indicus Sanz p. 503
1984Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Taquet p. 79
1985Titanosaurus indicus Penner p. 668
1986Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas-Cladellas et al. p. 101
1986Titanosaurus indicus Ginsburg p. 144
1986Argyrosaurinae Powell
1986Titanosaurus Sanz p. 85
1987Titanosaurus Casanovas et al. p. 100
1987Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas et al. p. 100
1987Titanosaurus rahioliensis Mathur and Srivastava p. 564 figs. 3-8
1987Titanosaurus indicus Tripathi and Mamgain p. 11
1988Titanosaurus Carroll
1988Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 416
1988Titanosaurus indicus Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 416
1989Titanosaurus indicus Jain p. 99
1989Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Jain p. 101
1989Titanosaurus Lucas and Hunt p. 82
1990Titanosaurus McIntosh p. 57
1990Titanosaurus madagascariensis McIntosh p. 350
1990Titanosaurus McIntosh pp. 394-395
1990Titanosaurus indicus McIntosh pp. 394-395
1990Titanosaurus falloti McIntosh p. 395
1992Titanosaurus indicus Buffetaut p. 131
1992Titanosaurus Buffetaut p. 133
1992Titanosaurus indicus Casanovas Cladellas p. 141
1992Titanosaurus madagascariensis Casanovas Cladellas p. 148
1993Argyrosaurinae Bonaparte and Coria
1993Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria
1993Titanosaurus Salgado p. 267
1995Titanosaurus Hunt et al. pp. 265-266
1995Titanosaurus indicus Hunt et al. pp. 265-266
1995Titanosaurus indicus Le Loeuff p. 699
1995Titanosaurus Upchurch p. 380
1996Titanosauria Bonaparte p. 99
1996Titanosaurus Bonaparte p. 103
1996Titanosaurus nanus Bonaparte p. 103
1996Argyrosaurinae Bonaparte p. 108
1996Titanosaurus Chatterjee and Rudra p. 514
1996Titanosaurus indicus Chatterjee and Rudra p. 514
1996Titanosaurus Jacobs et al. p. 600
1996Titanosaurus indicus Jacobs et al. p. 602
1996Titanosaurus indicus Kohring et al. p. 51
1996Titanosaurus Loyal et al. p. 629
1996Titanosaurus indicus Loyal et al. p. 629
1996Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 367
1996Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 367
1996Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey and Udhoji p. 351
1996Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey and Udhoji p. 354
1996Titanosaurus Salgado p. 358
1997Titanosaurus madagascariensis Currie and Padian p. 369
1997Titanosaurus McIntosh p. 658
1997Titanosaurus indicus Sahni p. 361
1997Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Sahni p. 364
1997Titanosauria Salgado et al. p. 18
1997Titanosauria Sereno p. 444
1998Titanosaurus Blows p. 34
1998Titanosaurus indicus Dong p. 82
1998Titanosauria Sereno p. 63
1998Titanosauria Wilson and Sereno p. 54 fig. 44
1999Titanosaurus Prasad and Sahni p. 379
1999Titanosaurus indicus Prasad and Sahni p. 379
1999Titanosaurus madagascariensis Prasad and Sahni p. 379
1999Titanosauria Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999Titanosauria Sereno et al. p. 1346 fig. 4
2000Titanosaurus Salgado and Azpilicueta p. 259
2000Titanosaurus Wedel et al. p. 374
2001Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 481
2001Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 482
2001Titanosaurus Mohabey p. 482
2001Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 605
2001Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 605
2001Titanosaurus Naish and Martill p. 226
2001Titanosauria Smith et al. p. 1705 fig. 3
2001Titanosaurus indicus Tandon p. 126
2002Titanosauria Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2003Titanosaurus Calvo and González Riga fig. 4
2003Titanosauria González-Riga
2003Titanosaurus indicus Khosla and Sahni p. 900
2003Titanosaurus Powell p. 22
2003Titanosaurus indicus Powell p. 22
2003Titanosaurus madagascariensis Powell p. 73
2003Titanosauria Powell p. 84
2003Titanosaurus madagascariensis Salgado p. 442
2004Titanosauria Curry Rogers and Forster p. 122
2004Titanosauria Martínez et al. p. 108
2004Titanosauria Upchurch et al. p. 267
2004Titanosaurus Upchurch et al. p. 270
2004Titanosaurus indicus Upchurch et al. p. 270
2004Titanosauria You et al. p. 910 fig. 6
2005Titanosauria Apesteguía p. 258
2005Titanosauria Curry Rogers pp. 69-71 figs. 2.11-2.13
2005Laplatasaurus madagascariensis Mohabey p. 469
2005Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey p. 469
2005Titanosauria Novas et al.
2005Titanosauria Salgado and Coria p. 435
2006Titanosauria Moser et al. p. 46
2006Titanosauria Royo-Torres et al. p. 1926 fig. 3
2007Titanosauria Apesteguía p. 537
2007Titanosauria Calvo et al. p. 497 fig. 14
2007Titanosauria Casal et al.
2007Titanosaurus indicus Malkani
2007Titanosaurus madagascariensis Malkani
2007Titanosauria Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 199
2008Titanosauria Allain and Aquesbi p. 403
2008Titanosauria García et al.
2008Titanosauria Previtera and González Riga
2009Titanosauria Company et al. p. 393
2009Titanosauria González Riga et al. p. 144 fig. 11
2011Titanosauria Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Titanosauria Zaher et al. p. 8 fig. 7
2013Titanosauria D'Emic
2013Titanosaurus indicus Mohabey et al. pp. 34-36
2013Titanosaurus Otero and Reguero p. 9
2014Titanosauria González Riga and Ortiz David p. 20 fig. 18
2014Titanosauria Gorscak et al.
2014Titanosauria Lacovara et al.
2015Titanosaurus indicus Fernández and Khosla p. 176
2015Titanosaurus rahioliensis Fernández and Khosla p. 176
2015Titanosauria Filippi p. 20
2015Titanosauria Gallina and Otero p. 498
2015Titanosauria Gasparini et al. p. 160
2017Titanosauria Ibiricu et al.
2019Titanosauria Novas et al. p. 242
2021Titanosauria Apesteguía et al.
2021Titanosauria Paulina-Carabajal et al.
2022Titanosauria Moyano-Paz et al. p. 17
2023Titanosauria Agnolin et al.
2023Titanosauria Agnolín et al.
2023Titanosaurus indicus Khosla and Lucas p. 714
2023Titanosaurus Khosla and Lucas p. 718
2024Titanosauria Filippi et al.
2024Titanosauria Soto et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Sauropoda()
—Gravisauria
—Eusauropoda
—Neosauropoda
—Macronaria
—Titanosauriformes
—Titanosauria
—Titanosauria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria 1993
show all | hide all
G. †Abdarainurus Averianov and Lopatin 2020
+
†Abdarainurus barsboldi Averianov and Lopatin 2020
G. †Aegyptosaurus Stromer 1932
+
G. †Andesaurus Calvo and Bonaparte 1991
+
†Andesaurus delgadoi Calvo and Bonaparte 1991
G. †Argyrosaurus Lydekker 1893
+
†Argyrosaurus superbus Lydekker 1893
G. †Baalsaurus Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019
+
†Baalsaurus mansillai Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019
Fm. †Balochisauridae Malkani 2003
+
Subfm. †Balochisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Balochisaurus Malkani 2004
+
†Balochisaurus malkani Malkani 2006
G. †Qaikshaheen Malkani 2023
+
†Qaikshaheen masoomniazi Malkani 2023
Subfm. †Marisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Marisaurus Malkani 2003
+
†Marisaurus jeffi Malkani 2004
G. †Baotianmansaurus Zhang et al. 2009
+
†Baotianmansaurus henanensis Zhang et al. 2009
G. †Barrosasaurus Salgado and Coria 2009
+
†Barrosasaurus casamiquelai Salgado and Coria 2009
G. †Borealosaurus You et al. 2004
+
†Borealosaurus wimani You et al. 2004
G. †Choconsaurus Simón et al. 2018
+
†Choconsaurus baileywillisi Simón et al. 2018
Unr. †Colossosauria González Riga et al. 2019
+
Unr. †Aeolosaurini Franco-Rosas et al. 2004
+
G. †Aeolosaurus Powell 1987
+
†Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis Casal et al. 2007
†Aeolosaurus rionegrinus Powell 1987
G. †Baurutitan Kellner et al. 2005
+
†Baurutitan britoi Kellner et al. 2005
+
Invalid names: Trigonosaurus pricei Campos et al. 2005 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trigonosaurus Campos et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Caieiria Silva Junior et al. 2022
+
†Caieiria allocaudata Silva Junior et al. 2022
G. †Gondwanatitan Kellner and Azevedo 1999
+
†Gondwanatitan faustoi Kellner and Azevedo 1999
G. †Panamericansaurus Calvo and Porfiri 2010
+
†Panamericansaurus schroederi Calvo and Porfiri 2010
G. †Chucarosaurus Agnolin et al. 2023
+
†Chucarosaurus diripienda Agnolin et al. 2023
Unr. †Lognkosauria Calvo et al. 2007
+
G. †Austroposeidon Bandeira et al. 2016
+
†Austroposeidon magnificus Bandeira et al. 2016
G. †Drusilasaura Navarrete et al. 2011
+
†Drusilasaura deseadensis Navarrete et al. 2011
G. †Futalognkosaurus Calvo et al. 2007
+
†Futalognkosaurus dukei Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Mendozasaurus González-Riga 2003
+
†Mendozasaurus neguyelap González-Riga 2003
G. †Quetecsaurus González Riga and Ortiz David 2014
+
†Quetecsaurus rusconii González Riga and Ortiz David 2014
G. †Traukutitan Juárez Valieri and Calvo 2011
+
†Traukutitan eocaudata Juárez Valieri and Calvo 2011
G. †Notocolossus González Riga et al. 2016
+
†Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi González Riga et al. 2016
G. †Puertasaurus Novas et al. 2005
+
†Puertasaurus reuili Novas et al. 2005
Unr. †Rinconsauria Calvo et al. 2007
+
G. †Adamantisaurus Santucci and Bertini 2006
+
†Adamantisaurus mezzalirai Santucci and Bertini 2006
G. †Arrudatitan Silva Junior et al. 2022
+
†Arrudatitan maximus Santucci and Arruda-Campos 2011
G. †Brasilotitan Machado et al. 2013
+
†Brasilotitan nemophagus Machado et al. 2013
G. †Bravasaurus Hechenleitner et al. 2020
+
†Bravasaurus arrierosorum Hechenleitner et al. 2020
G. †Maxakalisaurus Kellner et al. 2006
+
†Maxakalisaurus topai Kellner et al. 2006
G. †Muyelensaurus Calvo et al. 2007
+
†Muyelensaurus pecheni Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Overosaurus Coria et al. 2013
+
†Overosaurus paradasorum Coria et al. 2013
G. †Pitekunsaurus Filippi and Garrido 2008
+
†Pitekunsaurus macayai Filippi and Garrido 2008
G. †Punatitan Hechenleitner et al. 2020
+
†Punatitan coughlini Hechenleitner et al. 2020
G. †Rinconsaurus Calvo and González Riga 2003
+
†Rinconsaurus caudamirus Calvo and González Riga 2003
G. †Uberabatitan Salgado and Carvalho 2008
+
†Uberabatitan ribeiroi Salgado and Carvalho 2008
G. †Dgkhansaurus Malkani 2019
+
†Dgkhansaurus maarri Malkani 2019
G. †Dongyangosaurus Lü et al. 2008
+
†Dongyangosaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2008
G. †Dzharatitanis Averianov and Sues 2021
+
†Dzharatitanis kingi Averianov and Sues 2021
Unr. †Eutitanosauria Sanz et al. 1999
+
G. †Argentinosaurus Bonaparte and Coria 1993
+
†Argentinosaurus huinculensis Bonaparte and Coria 1993
G. †Bonitasaura Apesteguía 2004
+
†Bonitasaura salgadoi Apesteguía 2004
G. †Dreadnoughtus Lacovara et al. 2014
+
†Dreadnoughtus schrani Lacovara et al. 2014
G. †Inawentu Filippi et al. 2024
+
†Inawentu oslatus Filippi et al. 2024
G. †Menucocelsior Rolando et al. 2022
+
†Menucocelsior arriagadai Rolando et al. 2022
G. †Patagotitan Carballido et al. 2017
+
†Patagotitan mayorum Carballido et al. 2017
G. †Gandititan Han et al. 2024
+
†Gandititan cavocaudatus Han et al. 2024
G. †Hamititan Wang et al. 2021
+
†Hamititan xinjiangensis Wang et al. 2021
G. †Karongasaurus Gomani 2005
+
†Karongasaurus gittelmani Gomani 2005
G. †Laplatasaurus Huene 1927
+
Unr. †Lithostrotia Wilson and Upchurch 2003
+
G. †Antarctosaurus Huene 1927
+
Invalid names: Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid and Vizotto 1971 [nomen dubium], Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene 1927 [nomen dubium]
G. †Arackar Rubilar-Rogers et al. 2021
+
†Arackar licanantay Rubilar-Rogers et al. 2021
G. †Atacamatitan Kellner et al. 2011
+
†Atacamatitan chilensis Kellner et al. 2011
G. †Bustingorrytitan Simón and Salgado 2023
+
†Bustingorrytitan shiva Simón and Salgado 2023
G. †Elaltitan Mannion and Otero 2012
+
†Elaltitan lilloi Mannion and Otero 2012
G. †Epachthosaurus Powell 1990
+
†Epachthosaurus sciuttoi Powell 1990
G. †Jainosaurus Hunt et al. 1995
+
†Jainosaurus septentrionalis Huene and Matley 1933
G. †Kaijutitan Filippi et al. 2019
+
†Kaijutitan maui Filippi et al. 2019
G. †Magyarosaurus Huene 1932
+
†Magyarosaurus dacus Nopcsa 1915
+
Invalid names: Magyarosaurus hungaricus Huene 1932 [synonym], Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus Huene 1932 [synonym]
G. †Malawisaurus Jacobs et al. 1993
+
†Malawisaurus dixeyi Haughton 1928
Fm. †Nemegtosauridae Upchurch 1995
+
G. †Nemegtosaurus Nowinski 1971
+
†Nemegtosaurus mongoliensis Nowinski 1971
Invalid names: Nemegtosaurus pachi Dong 1977 [nomen dubium]
G. †Quaesitosaurus Kurzanov and Bannikov 1983
+
†Quaesitosaurus orientalis Kurzanov and Bannikov 1983
G. †Normanniasaurus Le Loeuff et al. 2013
+
†Normanniasaurus genceyi Le Loeuff et al. 2013
G. †Nullotitan Novas et al. 2019
+
†Nullotitan glaciaris Novas et al. 2019
G. †Paludititan Csiki et al. 2010
+
†Paludititan nalatzensis Csiki et al. 2010
G. †Paralititan Smith et al. 2001
+
†Paralititan stromeri Smith et al. 2001
G. †Pellegrinisaurus Salgado 1996
+
†Pellegrinisaurus powelli Salgado 1996
Superfm. †Saltasauroidea Powell 1992
+
G. †Isisaurus Wilson and Upchurch 2003
+
†Isisaurus colberti Jain and Bandyopadhyay 1997
Unr. †Lohuecosauria Mocho et al. 2024
+
Unr. †Lirainosaurinae Díez Díaz et al. 2018
+
G. †Ampelosaurus Le Loeuff 1995
G. †Atsinganosaurus Garcia et al. 2010
G. †Garrigatitan Díez Díaz et al. 2021
G. †Lirainosaurus Sanz et al. 1999
G. †Lohuecotitan Díez Díaz et al. 2016
Unr. †Saltasauridae Sereno 1998 [saltasaurid]
+
G. †Abditosaurus Vila et al. 2022
G. †Igai Gorscak et al. 2023
G. †Nicksaurus Malkani 2014
Subfm. †Opisthocoelicaudiinae McIntosh 1990
G. †Qingxiusaurus Mo et al. 2008
G. †Qunkasaura Mocho et al. 2024
Subfm. †Saltasaurinae Powell 1992 [saltasaurine]
G. †Zhuchengtitan Mo et al. 2017
G. †Rapetosaurus Curry Rogers and Forster 2001
+
†Rapetosaurus krausei Curry Rogers and Forster 2001
G. †Tapuiasaurus Zaher et al. 2011
+
†Tapuiasaurus macedoi Zaher et al. 2011
G. †Titanomachya Pérez-Moreno et al. 2024
+
†Titanomachya gimenezi Pérez-Moreno et al. 2024
G. †Udelartitan Soto et al. 2024
+
†Udelartitan celeste Soto et al. 2024
G. †Shingopana Gorscak et al. 2017
+
†Shingopana songwensis Gorscak et al. 2017
G. †Tengrisaurus Averianov and Skutschas 2017
+
†Tengrisaurus starkovi Averianov and Skutschas 2017
G. †Vahiny Curry Rogers and Wilson 2014
+
†Vahiny depereti Curry Rogers and Wilson 2014
G. †Volgatitan Averianov and Efimov 2018
+
†Volgatitan simbirskiensis Averianov and Efimov 2018
Invalid names: Antarctosaurus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen dubium]
G. †Malakhelisaurus Malkani 2008 [Malakhel lizard]
+
†Malakhelisaurus mianwali Malkani 2007
Invalid names: Malasaurus Malkani 2007 [replaced]
G. †Malarguesaurus González Riga et al. 2009 [Malargüe lizard]
+
†Malarguesaurus florenciae González Riga et al. 2009
G. †Mnyamawamtuka Gorscak and O'Connor 2019
+
†Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia Gorscak and O'Connor 2019
G. †Mongolosaurus Gilmore 1933
+
†Mongolosaurus haplodon Gilmore 1933
G. †Narambuenatitan Filippi et al. 2011
+
†Narambuenatitan palomoi Filippi et al. 2011
G. †Ninjatitan Gallina et al. 2021
+
†Ninjatitan zapatai Gallina et al. 2021
G. †Pashtosaurus Malkani 2014
+
†Pashtosaurus zhobi Malkani 2014
G. †Petrobrasaurus Filippi et al. 2011
+
†Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi Filippi et al. 2011
Unr. †Poripuchia Malkani 2020
+
Fm. †Gspsauridae Malkani 2015
+
Subfm. †Gspsaurinae Malkani 2015
+
G. †Gspsaurus Malkani 2014
+
†Gspsaurus pakistani Malkani 2014
+
Invalid names: Maojandino alami Malkani 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Maojandino Malkani 2014 [synonym]
G. †Ikqaumishan Malkani 2023
+
†Ikqaumishan smqureshi Malkani 2023
Subfm. †Saraikimasoominae Malkani 2015
+
G. †Saraikimasoom Malkani 2014
+
†Saraikimasoom vitakri Malkani 2014
Fm. †Pakisauridae Malkani 2003
+
Subfm. †Isisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Imrankhanhero Malkani 2023
+
†Imrankhanhero zilefatmi Malkani 2023
G. †Sulaimanisaurus Malkani 2004
+
G. †Khanazeem Malkani 2023
+
†Khanazeem saraikistani Malkani 2023
Subfm. †Khetranisaurinae Malkani 2010
+
G. †Khetranisaurus Malkani 2004
+
†Khetranisaurus barkhani Malkani 2004
G. †Pakisaurus Malkani 2004
+
†Pakisaurus balochistani Malkani 2004
Invalid names: Pakisaurinae Malkani 2010 [empty]
G. †Pseudomegaloolithus Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
+
†Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
G. †Rukwatitan Gorscak et al. 2014
+
†Rukwatitan bisepultus Gorscak et al. 2014
G. †Teratopodus Tomaselli et al. 2022
+
†Teratopodus malarguensis Tomaselli et al. 2022
G. †Tiamat Pereira et al. 2024
+
†Tiamat valdecii Pereira et al. 2024
G. †Titanopodus González Riga and Calvo 2009
+
†Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo 2009
Fm. †Titanosauridae Lydekker 1885 [titanosaurid]
+
Unr. †Megaloolithidae Zhao 1979
+
G. †Megaloolithus Mikhailov 1991
+
†Megaloolithus aureliensis Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus cylindricus Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus rahioliensis Mohabey 1998 [synonym]
†Megaloolithus jabalpurensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
+
Invalid names: Megaloolithus matleyi Mohabey 1996 [synonym], Megaloolithus patagonicus Calvo et al. 1997 [synonym]
†Megaloolithus maghrebiensis Garcia et al. 2003
†Megaloolithus mamillare Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus megadermus Mohabey 1998
†Megaloolithus microtuberculata Garcia and Vianey-Liaud 2001
†Megaloolithus petralta Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus siruguei Vianey-Liaud et al. 1994
†Megaloolithus walpurensis Khosla and Sahni 1995
Invalid names: Antarctosauridae Olshevsky 1978 [synonym], Antarctosaurinae Powell 1986 [empty], Hypselosaurus Matheron 1869 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurinae Lydekker 1893 [empty]
Invalid names: Andesauridae Calvo and Bonaparte 1991 [empty], Andesauroidea Salgado 2003 [empty], Argyrosaurinae Powell 1986 [invalid subgroup], Titanosaurus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. F. Bonaparte and R. A. Coria 1993Sauropods with small pleurocoels located in the anterior sector of an ovoid depression, anteroposteriorly lengthened, located in the upper half and middle-anterior of the vertebral body; lateral face of the inferior half of the neural arch with two or more well defined, deep and angular depressions. (Translated by M. C. Lamanna.)
L. Salgado et al. 1997Eye-shaped pleurocoels in trunk vertebrae. Posterior trunk vertebrae with ventrally widened, slightly forked infradiapophyseal laminae. Presence of centro-parapophyseal lamina in posterior trunk vertebrae. Anterior caudals procoelous. Pubic considerably longer than ischium.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteinfrao
Entire body: yesinfrao
Adult length: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult width: 10 to < 100infrao
Adult height: 10 to < 100infrao
Maximum body mass: 100000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 kgg
Thickness: thickinfrao
Architecture: compact or denseinfrao
Form: sphericalinfrao
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partsinfrao
Grouping: gregariousinfrao
Environment: terrestrialinfrao
Locomotion: actively mobileinfrao
Life habit: ground dwellinginfrao
Diet: herbivoreinfrao
Reproduction: oviparousinfrao
Dispersal: direct/internalinfrao
Dispersal 2: mobileinfrao
Created: 2004-12-14 12:49:10
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:49:10
Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Bajocian to the top of the Lancian or 171.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (762 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Jurassic174.7 - 161.5Pakistan (Punjab) Malasaurus mianwali (80011)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian171.6 - 164.7France (Occitanie) Megaloolithus sp. (58416)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Berriasian161.5 - 139.8Colombia (Boyacá) Titanosauria indet. (220422)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8France (Haute-Normandie) Streptospondylus cuvieri (48856)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Zimbabwe (Mashonaland North) Titanosauria indet. (49105)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Poitou-Charentes) Megaloolithidae indet. (164377)
Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2United Kingdom (England) Megaloolithidae indet. (28994)
Early/Lower Berriasian - Late/Upper Valanginian145.0 - 136.4Niger (Agadez) Aegyptosaurus baharijensis (25223)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9Argentina (Neuquén) Ninjatitan zapatai (219496)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Kenya Titanosauridae indet., Titanosaurus sp. (135809)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Megaloolithus mammilare (61624) Megaloolithus sp., Megaloolithus mammilare (178881) Megaloolithus sp., Megaloolithus petralta, Megaloolithus mammilare (65382)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Tamil Nadu) Titanosauridae indet. (53922)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Pakistan (Balochistan) Balochisauridae indet. (220166) Balochisauridae indet., Ikqaumishan smqureshi (220150) Balochisaurus malkani (220140 220142 220153 220158) Balochisaurus malkani, Gspsaurus pakistani (220163) Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (220141) Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (220155) Marisaurus jeffi, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani, Titanosauria indet. (79668) Pakisauridae indet. (220165) Pakisauridae indet., Balochisauridae indet. (220161 220162) Pakisaurus balochistani (220149 220151 220157 220160) Pakisaurus balochistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Imrankhanhero zilefatmi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Titanosauria indet. (79427) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi (220154) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Saraikimasoom vitakri (53153) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Sauropoda indet., Saraikimasoom vitakri (78055) Pakisaurus sp., Saraikimasoom vitakri (79670) Pashtosaurus zhobi (220173) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Balochisaurus malkani (220156) Titanosauria indet. (220168) Titanosauria indet., Khetranisaurus barkhani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani, Marisaurus jeffi (79664) Titanosauria indet., Marisaurus jeffi, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani (79429) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri (79669) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Marisaurus jeffi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Gspsaurus pakistani (79665) Titanosauria indet., Pakisaurus balochistani, Marisaurus jeffi, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Gspsaurus pakistani, Balochisaurus malkani (79428) Titanosauridae indet., Maojandino alami, Marisaurus sp., Marisaurus jeffi (79666)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Titanosauridae indet. (32323) Titanosauridae indet., Aeolosaurus sp. (83263)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (Goiás) Titanosauria indet. (225046 225047)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Jujuy) Titanosauria indet. (219397)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Morocco (Fes-Boulmane) Megaloolithus maghrebiensis, Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi (206442)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Spain (Aragón) Titanosauridae indet. (46437)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Dinosauria indet. (53481) Tritonausaurus sp. (91074)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Titanosauridae indet. (67195 67196 118194 148954)