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Passerimorphae

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Passerimorphae was named by Sibley et al. (1988). It is extant.

It was assigned to Picoclamatores by Livezey and Zusi (2007).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1988Passerimorphae Sibley and et al.
2007Passerimorphae Livezey and Zusi p. 94

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
RankNameAuthor
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Dendrornithes
—AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
—Picoclamatores
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Passerimorphae Sibley 1988
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Or. Coraciiformes Forbes 1884
+
Fm. Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 [kingfisher]
+
G. Alcedo Linnaeus 1758
+
Alcedo atthis Linnaeus 1758 [common kingfisher]
G. Ceryle Boie 1828
G. Dacelo Leach 1815 [kookaburra]
+
Dacelo gaudichaud Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Rufous-bellied kookaburra]
Dacelo leachii Vigors and Horsfield 1826 [Blue-winged kookaburra]
Dacelo novaeguineae Hermann 1783 [Laughing kookaburra]
Dacelo tyro Gray 1858 [Spangled kookaburra]
Subfm. Halcyoninae Vigors 1825
+
G. Halcyon Swainson 1821
G. Melidora Lesson 1830
+
Melidora macrorrhina Lesson 1827 [Hook-billed kingfisher]
G. Megaceryle Kaup 1848
+
Megaceryle alcyon Linnaeus 1758 [belted kingfisher]
Megaceryle torquata Linnaeus 1766 [ringed kingfisher]
G. Todiramphus Lesson 1827
+
Todiramphus chloris Boddaert 1783 [collared kingfisher]
Todiramphus cinnamominus Swainson 1821 [Guam kingfisher]
Todiramphus godeffroyi Finsch 1877 [Marquesas kingfisher]
Todiramphus ruficollaris Holyoak 1974 [mewing kingfisher]
+
Invalid names: Halcyon mangaia Holyoak 1975 [objective synonym]
Todiramphus sanctus Vigors and Horsfield 1827 [sacred kingfisher]
Todiramphus tutus Gmelin 1788 [chattering kingfisher]
Invalid names: Alcedininae Bonaparte 1831 [empty], Cerylinae Reichenbach 1851 [empty]
+
G. †Quasisyndactylus Mayr 1998
+
Fm. Brachypteraciidae Bonaparte 1854 [ground roller]
+
G. Atelornis Pucheran 1846 [ground roller]
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Atelornis pittoides Lafresnaye 1834 [Pitta-like ground-roller]
G. Brachypteracias Lafresnaye 1834 [ground roller]
+
†Brachypteracias langrandi Goodman 2000 [Ampoza ground roller]
Brachypteracias leptosomus Lesson 1833 [Short-legged ground-roller]
G. Geobiastes Sharpe 1871 [ground roller]
G. Uratelornis Rothschild 1895 [great albatross]
Subor. Coracii Wetmore and Miller 1926
+
Infraor. Coraciides
+
Invalid names: Leptosomatoidea [empty]
G. †Eocoracias Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
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†Eocoracias brachyptera Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
Fm. †Geranopteridae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
+
G. †Geranopterus Milne-Edwards 1892
+
†Geranopterus alatus Milne-Edwards 1892
†Geranopterus bohemicus Mlikovsky 1999
†Geranopterus milneedwardsi Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
G. †Laputavis Dyke 2001
+
†Laputavis robusta Dyke 2001
Invalid names: Laputa Dyke 2001 [replaced]
G. †Paracoracias Clarke et al. 2009
+
†Paracoracias occidentalis Clarke et al. 2009
G. †Primobucco Brodkorb 1970
+
†Primobucco frugilegus Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004
†Primobucco kistneri Feduccia 1973
†Primobucco mcgrewi Brodkorb 1970
†Primobucco perneri Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004
G. †Septencoracias Bourdon 2016
+
†Septencoracias simillimus Mayr and Kitchener 2024
Invalid names: Atelornithidae [empty], Meropides [empty], Primobucconidae Feduccia and Martin 1976 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Coraciidae Vigors 1825 [roller]
+
G. Coracias Linnaeus 1758 [roller]
+
Coracias caudatus Linnaeus 1766 [Lilac-breasted roller]
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus 1758 [European roller]
G. Eurystomus Vieillot 1816
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Eurystomus glaucurus Statius Muller 1776 [broad-billed roller]
Subor. †Halcyones
+
Invalid names: Alcedinoidea [empty], Momotoidea [empty]
Fm. Meropidae Vigors 1825
+
G. Merops Linnaeus 1758
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Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 [European bee-eater]
Merops ornatus Latham 1801 [Rainbow bee-eater]
Merops superciliosus Linnaeus 1766 [Madagascar bee-eater]
Fm. Momotidae Gray 1840 [motmot]
+
G. Momotus Brisson 1760
+
Momotus lessonii Lesson 1842 [Lesson's motmot]
Momotus momota Linnaeus 1766 [Amazonian motmot]
Invalid names: Prionites Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. †Parvicuculus Harrison and Walker 1977
+
†Parvicuculus minor Harrison and Walker 1977
Fm. Todidae Vigors 1825
+
G. †Palaeotodus Olson 1976
+
†Palaeotodus escampsensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
†Palaeotodus itardiensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
G. †Protornis von Meyer 1844
+
†Protornis glarniensis Meyer 1844
G. Todus Brisson 1760
+
Todus angustirostris Lafresnaye 1851 [narrow-billed tody]
Todus subulatus Gray 1847 [broad-billed tody]
G. †Ueekenkcoracias Degrange et al. 2021
+
†Ueekenkcoracias tambussiae Degrange et al. 2021
Invalid names: Coracioidea [empty], Cryptornis Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Cryptornis antiquus Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Eocoraciidae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000 [empty], Striges [empty]
Or. Piciformes Meyer and Wolf 1810
+
Fm. Lybiidae Sibley and Ahlquist 1985 [African barbets]
+
Invalid names: Lybiinae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty], Trachyphoninae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Fm. Megalaimidae Blyth 1852 [Asian barbets]
+
Subfm. Megalaiminae del Hoyo et al. 2014
+
G. Psilopogon Müller 1836 [barbet]
+
Psilopogon haemacephalus Müller 1776 [Coppersmith barbet]
Invalid names: Caloramphinae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Subor. Pici Linnaeus 1758
+
Superfm. Capitonoidea
+
Invalid names: Capitonidae Bonaparte 1840 [empty], Rhamphastidae Vigors 1825 [empty]
Fm. Indicatoridae Swainson 1837 [honeyguide]
+
G. Indicator Stephens 1815 [honeyguide]
+
Indicator archipelagicus Temminck 1832 [Malay honeyguide]
Indicator exilis Cassin 1856 [Least honeyguide]
Indicator indicator Sparrman 1777 [Greater honeyguide]
Indicator maculatus Gray 1847 [Spotted honeyguide]
Indicator meliphilus Oberholser 1905 [Pallid honeyguide]
Indicator minor Stephens 1815 [Lesser honeyguide]
Indicator pumilio Chapin 1958 [Dwarf honeyguide]
Indicator variegatus Lesson 1830 [Scaly-throated honeyguide]
Indicator willcocksi Alexander 1901 [Willcockss honeyguide]
Indicator xanthonotus Blyth 1842 [Yellow-rumped honeyguide]
G. †Rupelramphastoides Mayr 2005
+
Fm. Picidae Vigors 1825 [woodpecker]
+
G. Campephilus Gray 1840
+
Campephilus principalis Linnaeus 1758 [ivory-billed woodpecker]
G. Colaptes Vigors 1825
+
Colaptes auratus Linnaeus 1758 [northern flicker]
+
Colaptes campestris Vieillot 1818 [campo flicker]
Colaptes chrysoides Malherbe 1852
†Colaptes naroskyi Agnolín and Jofré 2017
†Colaptes oceanicus Olson 2013 [Bermuda flicker]
G. Dendrocopos Koch 1816
+
Dendrocopos leucotos Bechstein 1802 [white-backed woodpecker]
G. Dryocopus Boie 1826
+
Dryocopus pileatus Linnaeus 1758 [pileated woodpecker]
G. †Homalopus Milne-Edwards 1871
+
†Homalopus picoides Milne-Edwards 1871
G. Jynx Linnaeus 1758
+
Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian wryneck]
G. Melanerpes Swainson 1832
+
Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus 1758 [red-bellied woodpecker]
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Linnaeus 1758 [red-headed woodpecker]
Melanerpes formicivorus Swainson 1827 [acorn woodpecker]
Melanerpes lewis Gray 1849 [Lewis's woodpecker]
Melanerpes striatus Statius Muller 1776 [Hispaniolan woodpecker]
Melanerpes superciliaris Temminck 1827 [West Indian woodpecker]
+
Invalid names: Bathoceleus hyphalus Brodkorb 1959 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asyndesmus Coues 1866 [synonym], Bathoceleus Brodkorb 1959 [synonym], Centurus Swainson 1837 [synonym]
G. Nesoctites Hargitt 1890
+
Nesoctites micromegas Sundevall 1866 [Antillean piculet]
G. †Palaeopicus Lambrecht 1933
Subfm. Picinae Bonaparte 1838
+
G. Ceophloeus Cabanis 1862
+
Subg. Ceophloeus (Phloeotomus) Cabanis and Heine 1863
G. Picoides Lacépède 1799
+
Picoides borealis Vieillot 1809 [red-cockaded woodpecker]
†Picoides major Linnaeus 1758
†Picoides medius Linnaeus 1758
Picoides pubescens Linnaeus 1766 [downy woodpecker]
Picoides villosus Linnaeus 1766 [hairy woodpecker]
G. Picumnus Temminck 1825
G. Picus Linnaeus 1758
+
Picus canus Gmelin 1788 [gray-headed woodpecker]
†Picus gaudryi Depéret 1887
†Picus peregrinabundus Umans'ka 1981
Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian green woodpecker]
G. †Pliopicus Feduccia and Wilson 1967
G. Sapheopipo Hargitt 1890
+
Sapheopipo noguchii Seebohm 1887 [Okinawa woodpecker]
G. Sphyrapicus Baird 1858
+
Sphyrapicus ruber Gmelin 1788 [red-breasted sapsucker]
Sphyrapicus varius Linnaeus 1766 [yellow-bellied sapsucker]
G. †Uintornis Marsh 1872
+
†Uintornis lucaris Marsh 1872
†Uintornis marionae Feduccia and Martin 1976
G. Xiphidiopicus Bonaparte 1854
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Xiphidiopicus percussus Temminck 1826 [Cuban green woodpecker]
Invalid names: Jynginae Bonaparte 1838 [empty], Picumninae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
G. †Pristineanis Mayr and Kitchener 2024
+
†Pristineanis major Mayr and Kitchener 2024
†Pristineanis minor Mayr and Kitchener 2024
Fm. Ramphastidae Vigors 1825
+
G. Aulacorhynchus Gould 1835
+
Aulacorhynchus prasinus Gould 1833 [northern emerald-toucanet]
G. Pogoniulus Lafresnaye 1844
G. Pteroglossus Illiger 1811 [araçari]
+
Pteroglossus bailloni Vieillot 1819 [Saffron toucanet]
Pteroglossus humboldti Wagler 1827 [Humboldt's araçari]
Pteroglossus inscriptus Swainson 1822 [Lettered araçari]
Pteroglossus torquatus Gmelin 1788 [Collared araçari]
Pteroglossus viridis Linnaeus 1766 [Green araçari]
G. Ramphastos Linnaeus 1758
+
Ramphastos ambiguus Swainson 1823 [Yellow-throated toucan]
Ramphastos ariel Vigors 1826 [Ariel toucan]
Ramphastos brevis Meyer de Schauensee 1945 [Choco toucan]
Ramphastos citreolaemus Gould 1844 [Citron-throated toucan]
Ramphastos culminatus Gould 1833 [Yellow-ridged toucan]
Ramphastos cuvieri Wagler 1827 [Cuvier's toucan]
Ramphastos dicolorus Linnaeus 1766
Ramphastos sulfuratus Lesson 1830 [Keel-billed toucan]
Ramphastos toco Muller 1776 [Toco toucan]
Ramphastos tucanus Linnaeus 1758 [Red-billed toucan]
Ramphastos vitellinus Lichtenstein 1823 [Channel-billed toucan]
G. Trachyphonus Ranzani 1821
+
†Trachyphonus protractus Ballmann 1983
Invalid names: Capitonides Ballmann 1969 [synonym]
Fm. Semnornithidae Prum 1988 [Prong-billed barbets]
+
G. Semnornis Richmond 1900 [barbet]
+
Semnornis frantzii Sclater 1864 [Prong-billed barbet]
Semnornis ramphastinus Jardine 1855 [Toucan barbet]
Fm. †Sylphornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1988
+
G. †Oligosylphe Mayr and Smith 2002
G. †Sylphornis Mourer-Chauviré 1988
+
†Sylphornis bretouensis Mourer-Chauviré 1988
Invalid names: Picoidae [empty]
Fm. †Zygodactylidae Brodkorb 1971
+
G. †Eozygodactylus Weidig 2010
+
G. †Primoscens Harrison and Walker 1977
+
†Primoscens carolinae Mayr and Kitchener 2022
†Primoscens minutus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. †Primozygodactylus Mayr 1998
+
G. †Pseudastur Mayr 1998
+
G. †Quercypsitta Mourer-Chauvire 1992
+
†Quercypsitta ivani Mourer-Chauvire 1992
†Quercypsitta sudrei Mourer-Chauvire 1992
G. †Serudaptus Mayr 2000
+
†Serudaptus pohli Mayr 2000
G. †Zygodactylus Ballmann 1969
+
†Zygodactylus grivensis Ballman 1969
†Zygodactylus ignotus Ballman 1969
Invalid names: Primoscenidae Harrison and Walker 1977 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (153 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (Sussex) Primoscens minutus (13298)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Septencoracias sp. (68430)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Passeriformes indet. (59088)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Coracii indet., Primobucco sp., Septencoracias morsensis, Laputa robusta, Septencoracias simillimus, Pristineanis minor, Pristineanis major (85229)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Parvicuculus minor (204217) Septencoracias morsensis, Primoscens carolinae (224382)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Zygodactylidae indet., Parvicuculus sp. (15595)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Eozygodactylus americanus (15853) Primobucco kistneri (67863) Primobucco mcgrewi (81452)
MP 8 + 955.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Primobucconidae indet. (84997)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Coraciiformes indet. (16296)
MP 1148.6 - 40.4Germany (Hessen) Eocoracias brachyptera, Primobucco perneri (138656) Primobucco frugilegus (120798) Primozygodactylus quintus, Primozygodactylus longibrachium, Primozygodactylus eunjooae, Eocoracias brachyptera, Pseudastur sp., Pseudastur macrocephalus, Primozygodactylus danielsi (22701)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Germany (Hesse) Quasisyndactylus longibrachis (140304)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Wyoming) Uintornis lucaris (81455) Uintornis marionae (81456)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region) Quercypsitta sudrei, Quercypsitta ivani (206820)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Ile-de-France Region) Cryptornis antiquus (31739)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9France (Quercy) Geranopterus milneedwardsi (12850)
MP 1837.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Geranopterus alatus (12851)
MP 1937.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Geranopterus alatus (12845 12846)
MP 1937.2 - 33.9France Geranopterus alatus (84656 84657 84658)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 28.4Belgium Oligosylphe mourerchauvireae (31748)
MP 2433.9 - 28.4France (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) Zygodactylus luberonensis (84461)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Rupelramphastoides knopfi, Palaeotodus itardiensis, Palaeotodus itardiensis (68021)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Belgium (Brabant) Pici indet. (75867)
MP 2928.4 - 23.03Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Pici indet. (74679)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Capitonidae indet., Coraciiformes indet. (18597)
MN 320.0 - 16.9Germany (Bavaria) Zygodactylus ignotus (68040)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Pliopicus brodkorbi (18450)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Ukraine Picus peregrinabundus (39816)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Momotidae indet. (18539)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Piciformes indet. (172914 199859)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117France (Midi-Pyrenees) Picidae indet. (35076)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Picoides villosus, Dryocopus sp. (20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Ceryle torquata (19750)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Hungary (Barany) Dendrocopos submajor, Picus viridis (35457)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes auratus (176098)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Italy Jynx torquilla (197789)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp. (20350) Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Picoides villosus (20385)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Colaptes auratus, Picoides villosus (152653)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Argentina (Buenos Aires) Colaptes campestris (140805)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Siracusa) Picus viridis, Dendrocopos leucotos (175900)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Picus canus (197926)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (20491)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Asyndesmus lewisi (150336) Colaptes cafer (161536) Colaptes cafer, Dryocopus pileatus, Sphyrapicus sp., Asyndesmus lewisi (152008)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Cayman Islands Colaptes auratus (209851)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Colaptes cafer (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Colaptes auratus (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (154780)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Picoides villosus, Dryocopus pileatus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Colaptes auratus, Picoides villosus, Melanerpes carolinus (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes sp., Dryocopus sp. (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus (154773 154936)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Dacelo novaeguineae (136157)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Colaptes auratus (76060) Picidae indet., Colaptes auratus (76059)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Tonga Halcyon chloris (194699)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes carolinus (20573) Colaptes auratus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus (20595) Megaceryle alcyon, Dendrocopos borealis (20636) Melanerpes carolinus (20580)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Colaptes auratus (104697) Megaceryle alcyon, Colaptes auratus, Centurus carolinus, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Dendrocopos pubescens (82258) Picidae indet., Megaceryle alcyon, Colaptes auratus, Centurus carolinus, Dryocopus pileatus, Sphyrapicus varius, Dendrocopos villosus (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194442 194443) Sphyrapicus varius (194447)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes auratus (123918) Colaptes cafer (44954 74235 79630 155409 218989) Colaptes cafer, Ceophloeus plicatus, Asyndesmus lewis (190077) Melanerpes formicivorus, Sphyrapicus ruber (215552)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Picoides villosus, Melanerpes carolinus (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy Picidae indet., Picus viridis (197769) Picus canus (197787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Sapheopipo noguchii (193443)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) Halcyon sp. (68064 68068 193376 193418 193419 193420 193421) Halcyoninae indet. (193388 193417) Halcyoninae indet., Halcyon sp. (193387 193390)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas (Great Abaco Island) Colaptes sp. (144663)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Romania Picus canus (197946)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Colaptes sp. (93281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Colaptes cafer (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Picus viridis, Coracias garrulus (197938)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Dendrocopos leucotos (192951 192966)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Bahamas Centurus superciliaris, Colaptes chrysocaulosus (194589)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194444)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0USA (Arizona) Colaptes auratus (93374)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Papua New Guinea Alcedo atthis (194694)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Picidae indet., Colaptes auratus, Dendrocopos villosus (104035)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) Colaptes sp., Melanerpes superciliaris (194590) Colaptes sp., Picoides villosus, Bathoceleus hyphalus, Sphyrapicus varius, Melanerpes superciliaris, Xiphidiopicus percussus (194588) Melanerpes superciliaris (144649)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Madagascar Eurystomus glaucurus (195018)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Tonga Halcyon chloris (194698 194717)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Dominican Republic Picidae indet., Todus angustirostris, Melanerpes striatus, Nesoctites micromegas, Todus subulatus (194485)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France (Corse) Coracias garrulus (215376) Jynx torquilla (215378)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Campephilus principalis (195064) Colaptes sp., Dryocopus pileatus (195062) Colaptes sp., Dryocopus pileatus, Campephilus principalis (195063)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bermuda Colaptes oceanicus (194445) Sphyrapicus varius (194446)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar (Beanka) Eurystomus glaucurus (205190 205193)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Cook Islands Halcyon mangaia (194756) Halcyon tuta (97455 193455 193456)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Vanuatu (Efate) Todiramphus chloris (185434)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia Halcyon godeffroyi (193468 193471 194746) Halcyon tuta (194675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tonga Halcyon chloris (194700 194751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Haiti Sphyrapicus varius, Todus angustirostris, Melanerpes striatus (194483)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia (Society Islands) Halcyon tuta (215325)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar Brachypteracias langrandi (195019) Merops superciliosus (195020)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Caledonia Halcyon sancta (193985) Todiramphus sanctus (193986 193987)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Dominican Republic Melanerpes striatus, Nesoctites micromegas (194484)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Illinois) Campephilus principalis (195052)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Yemen Coracias garrulus (169046)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Guam Halcyon cinnamomina (208644)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Jynx torquilla (194936)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico (Chiapas) Momotidae indet., Ceryle torquata, Aulacorhynchus prasinus, Momotus momota (195047)