PBDB Taxon

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Cheirurina

Trilobita - Phacopida

Taxonomy

Cheirurina was named by Harrington and Leanza (1957).

It was assigned to Phacopida by Harrington and Leanza (1957), Edgecombe et al. (1999), Adrain (2011).

Subtaxa

Cheiruridae (syn. Holotrachelidae), Encrinuridae, Pliomeridae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1957	Cheirurina Harrington and Leanza
1999	Cheirurina Edgecombe et al.
2011	Cheirurina Adrain p. 106

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Artiopoda	(Hou and Bergstrom)
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
order	Phacopida	Salter 1864
suborder	Cheirurina	Harrington and Leanza 1957
suborder	Cheirurina	Harrington and Leanza 1957

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Cheirurina Harrington and Leanza 1957

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Fm. †Cheiruridae Hawle and Corda 1847

Subfm. †Acanthoparyphinae Whittington and Evitt 1953

G. †Acanthoparypha Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Acanthoparypha chiropyga Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Acanthoparypha echinoderma Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Acanthoparypha evitti Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Acanthoparypha goniopyga Ludvigsen 1979

†Acanthoparypha perforata Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Acanthoparypha subcircularis Bradley 1930

G. †Nieszkowskia Schmidt 1881

†Nieszkowskia cephaloceras Nieszkowski 1857

†Nieszkowskia cephaloceros Nieszkowski 1857

†Nieszkowskia excelsus Raymond 1925

†Nieszkowskia jakei Edgecombe et al. 1999

†Nieszkowskia norvegica Nikolaisen 1961

†Nieszkowskia satyrus Billings 1865

†Nieszkowskia tumida Angelin 1854

†Nieszkowskia yongyii Edgecombe et al. 1999

†Pseudosphaerexochus (Nieszkowskia) satyrus Billings 1865

G. †Pandaspinapyga Esker and Levin 1964

†Pandaspinapyga dactyla Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Pandaspinapyga projecta Esker 1961

†Pandaspinapyga salsa Esker, III 1964

G. †Actinopeltis Hawle and Corda 1847

†Actinopeltis spjeldnaesi Hammann 1972

G. †Anasobella Campbell 1967

G. †Ancyginaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Ancyginaspis priscus Tjernvik 1956

G. †Arcticeraurinella Pribyl et al. 1985

†Arcticeraurinella arctica Ludvigsen 1979

G. †Areia Barrande 1868

†Areia bohemica Barrande 1868

G. †Areiaspis Přibyl and Vaněk 1964

†Areiaspis barrandei Novák and Perner 1918

G. †Borealaspis Ludvigson 1976

†Borealaspis biformis Ludvigsen 1976

†Borealaspis numitor Billings 1866

†Borealaspis whittakerensis Ludvigsen 1976

Invalid names: Alreboaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1985 [synonym]

G. †Bornholmaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1983

G. †Ceraurinium Pribyl et al. 1985

†Ceraurinium intermedia Kielan 1955

G. †Cerauromeros Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Cerauromeros hydei Weller 1907

G. †Cerauropeltis Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Cerauropeltis ruedemanni Raymond 1916

G. †Ceraurus Green 1832

Subg. †Ceraurus (Pseudosphaerexochus) Schmidt 1881

†Ceraurus angustus Raymond 1925

†Ceraurus blussoni Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus gabrielsi Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus globulobatus Bradley 1930

†Ceraurus granulosus Raymond and Barton 1913

†Ceraurus hirsuitus Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus hudsoni Raymond 1905

†Ceraurus infrequens Phleger, Jr. 1933

†Ceraurus intermedia Kielan 1955

†Ceraurus latifrons Warburg 1925

†Ceraurus mackenziensis Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus maewestoides Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus matranseris Sinclair 1947

†Ceraurus milleranus Miller and Gurley 1897

†Ceraurus pleurexanthemus Green 1832

†Ceraurus ruidus Cooper 1953

Invalid names: Ceraurus (Eoceraurus) trapezoidalis Esker, III 1964 [synonym], Ceraurus breviceps Cooper 1953 [synonym], Ceraurus convexus Cooper 1953 [synonym]

†Ceraurus serratus Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurus tenuicornis Raymond 1925

†Ceraurus tuberosus Troedsson 1928

†Ceraurus whittingtoni Evitt 1953

Invalid names: Bufoceraurus Hessin 1989 [synonym], Eoceraurus Esker, III 1964 [synonym]

G. †Chacomurus Branisa and Vanek 1973

Subfm. †Cheirurinae Hawle and Corda 1847

G. †Azyptyx Holloway 1991

†Azyptyx toongabbiensis Holloway 1991

G. †Ceraurinella Cooper 1953

†Ceraurinella biformis Maksimova 1955

†Ceraurinella brevispina Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurinella chondra Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Ceraurinella frequens Chugaeva 1968

†Ceraurinella intermedia Kielan 1955

†Ceraurinella kasachstanica Tschugaeva 1958

†Ceraurinella kingstoni Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Ceraurinella latipyga Shaw 1968

†Ceraurinella longispina Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurinella media Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurinella nahanniensis Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Ceraurinella necra Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurinella oepiki Edgecombe et al. 1999

†Ceraurinella polydorus Billings 1865

†Ceraurinella pompilia Billings 1865

†Ceraurinella scofieldi Clarke 1897

†Ceraurinella seriata Ludvigsen 1979

†Ceraurinella tenuisculptus Bradley 1930

†Ceraurinella typa Cooper 1953

†Ceraurinella zhoui Edgecombe et al. 1999

Invalid names: Bartoninus Tripp 1962 [synonym]

G. †Ceraurinus Barton 1913

†Ceraurinus daedalus Cox 1933

†Ceraurinus glabra Whittington 1954

†Ceraurinus icarus Billings 1860

Invalid names: Ceraurinus elongatus Schuchert and Cooper 1930 [synonym]

†Ceraurinus marginatus Barton 1913

†Ceraurinus platycanthus Bradley 1930

Invalid names: Remipyga Whittington 1954 [synonym]

G. †Crotalocephalina Pibyl and Vanek 1964

Subg. †Crotalocephalina (Crotalocephalina) Pribyl and Vanek 1964

†Crotalocephalina (Crotalocephalina) yavorskyi Tschernyschew 1951

†Crotalocephalina chlupaci Přibyl and Vaňek 1962

†Crotalocephalina gibbus Beyrich 1845

†Crotalocephalina globifrons Hawle and Corda 1847

Invalid names: Gibbocephalus Pillet 1965 [objective synonym], Mezocrotalus Maksimova 1978 [synonym]

G. †Hadromeros Lane 1971

†Hadromeros clasonii Törnquist 1905

Invalid names: Cheirurus speciosus Törnquist 1884 [synonym]

†Hadromeros elongatus Reed 1931

†Hadromeros keisleyensis Reed 1896

†Hadromeros subulatus Linnarsson 1869

†Hadromeros toernquisti Warburg 1925

G. †Leviceraurus Hessin 1988

†Leviceraurus mammilloides Hessin 1988

G. †Paraceraurus Männil 1958

†Paraceraurus aculeatus Eichwald 1860

†Paraceraurus helgoeyensis Nikolaisen 1961

†Paraceraurus perlongus Brøgger 1882

G. †Cheirurus Beyrich 1845

Subg. †Cheirurus (Crotalocephalina) Pibyl and Vanek 1964

†Cheirurus (Crotalocephalina) oxina Holloway and Neil 1982

Subg. †Cheirurus (Pseudosphaerexochus) Schmidt 1881

†Cheirurus clasonii Törnquist 1905

†Cheirurus dilatatus Raymond 1916

†Cheirurus glaber Angelin 1854

†Cheirurus juvenis Salter 1848

†Cheirurus marianus Verneuil and Barrande 1855

†Cheirurus niagarensis Hall 1868

Invalid names: Ceraurus insignis Hall 1852 [synonym]

†Cheirurus nuperus Billings 1866

†Cheirurus patens Raymond 1916

†Cheirurus punctatus Angelin 1854

†Cheirurus tarquininus Billings 1863

†Cheirurus welleri Raymond 1916

G. †Crotalocephalus Salter 1853

†Crotalocephalus affinis Hawle and Corda 1847

†Crotalocephalus albertii Pribyl and Vanek 1984

†Crotalocephalus maurus Alberti 1966

†Crotalocephalus meridianus Alberti 1969

†Crotalocephalus pauper Barrande 1852

†Crotalocephalus silverdalensis Etheridge and Mitchell 1917

†Crotalocephalus sternbergi Boeck 1827

†Crotalocephalus struszi Chatterton and Wright 1986

Invalid names: Cerauroides Prantl and Pribyl 1947 [synonym], Pilletopeltis Pillet 1973 [synonym]

G. †Chiozoon Lane 1972

G. †Contracheirurus Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Contracheirurus errator Lane 1984

G. †Crotalocephalides Alberti 1967

Subfm. †Cyrtometopinae Oepik 1937

G. †Cyrtometopella Nikolaisen 1961

†Cyrtometopella askerensis Nikolaisen 1961

†Cyrtometopella rosenthali Schmidt 1881

†Cyrtometopella tumula Nikolaisen 1961

G. †Cyrtometopus Angelin 1854

†Cyrtometopus clavifrons Dalman 1827

G. †Deiphon Barrande 1846

†Deiphon angelini Warburg 1925

Invalid names: Deiphon forbesi Törnquist 1884 [synonym], Deiphon laevis Angelin 1854 [synonym]

†Deiphon barrandei Whittard 1934

Subfm. †Deiphoninae Raymond 1913

G. †Sphaerocoryphe Angelin 1854

†Sphaerocoryphe arachniformis Bradley 1930

†Sphaerocoryphe dentata Angelin 1854

†Sphaerocoryphe gemina Tripp et al. 1997

†Sphaerocoryphe granulata Angelin 1854

†Sphaerocoryphe kingi Ingham 1974

†Sphaerocoryphe longispina Tripp et al. 1997

†Sphaerocoryphe ludvigseni Chatterton 1980

†Sphaerocoryphe major Ruedemann 1901

†Sphaerocoryphe psiles Tripp 1954

†Sphaerocoryphe punctata Angelin 1854

Invalid names: Deiphon punctatus Wiman 1907 [synonym]

†Sphaerocoryphe robusta Walcott 1875

G. †Didrepanon Lane 1971

Subfm. †Eccoptochilinae Lane 1971

G. †Eccoptochile Hawle and Corda 1847

Subg. †Eccoptochile (Eccoptochile) Hawle and Corda 1847

Subg. †Eccoptochile (Eccoptochiloides) Prantl and Pribyl 1947

†Eccoptochile almaldensis Romano 1980

†Eccoptochile clavigera Beyrich 1845

†Eccoptochile guillieri Tromelin 1873

†Eccoptochile impedita Hammann 1972

†Eccoptochile mariana Verneuil and Barrande 1855

Invalid names: Cheirurus guillieri Tromelin 1873 [synonym]

†Eccoptochile perlata Hawle and Corda 1847

†Eccoptochile scuticauda Barrande 1846

Invalid names: Eccoptochiloides Prantle and Pribyl 1948 [synonym]

G. †Forteyops Pribyl et al. 1985

†Forteyops sexapugia Ross 1951

G. †Foulonia Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Foulonia peregrina Dean 1966

G. †Gabriceraurus Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Gabriceraurus dentatus Raymond and Barton 1913

G. †Hammannopyge Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Hammannopyge unica Thomson 1857

G. †Hapsiceraurus Whittington 1954

†Hapsiceraurus hispidus Whittington 1954

G. †Heliomera Raymond 1905

†Heliomera albata Whittington 1963

G. †Heliomeroides Evitt 1951

†Heliomeroides alacer Whittington 1963

†Heliomeroides evitti Baldis and Pothe 1995

†Heliomeroides freschaufae Chatterton 1980

†Heliomeroides raymondi Bradley 1930

†Heliomeroides teres Evitt 1951

Invalid names: Heliomera chipperfieldi Tripp 1967 [synonym], Heliomeroides akocephala Shaw 1968 [synonym]

†Heliomeroides treta Evitt 1951

G. †Hemisphaerocoryphe Reed 1896

†Hemisphaerocoryphe elliptica Lu 1975

†Hemisphaerocoryphe granulata Angelin 1854

Invalid names: Staurocephalus granulatus Linnarsson 1869 [synonym]

†Hemisphaerocoryphe huebneri Schmidt 1881

†Hemisphaerocoryphe inflatus Nikolaisen 1961

†Hemisphaerocoryphe platinflata Hansen 2005

†Hemisphaerocoryphe pseudohemicranium Nieszkowski 1859

†Hemisphaerocoryphe sphaericus Esmark 1833

Invalid names: Ellipsocoryphe Lu 1975 [synonym]

G. †Holia Bradley 1930

†Holia anacantha Ludvigsen 1979

†Holia cimelia Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Holia glabra Adrain 1998

†Holia magnaspina Bradley 1930

†Holia secristi Whittington and Evitt 1953

Invalid names: Ainoa Mannil 1958 [synonym]

G. †Holotrachelus Holm 1898

†Holotrachelus punctillosus Törnquist 1884

G. †Hyrokybe Lane 1972

†Hyrokybe canadensis Billings 1866

†Hyrokybe copelandi Perry and Chatterton 1979

†Hyrokybe hadnagyi Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Hyrokybe julli Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Hyrokybe lenzi Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Hyrokybe lightfooti Adrain 1998

†Hyrokybe youngi Adrain 1998

Invalid names: Shiqiania Chang 1974 [synonym]

G. †Junggarella Xiang and Zhang 1981

G. †Kawina Barton 1916

†Kawina arnoldi Whittington 1963

†Kawina chazyensis Raymond 1905

†Kawina divergens Reed 1945

†Kawina griphus Whittington 1963

†Kawina limbata Whittington 1963

†Kawina mercurius Billings 1865

†Kawina prolificus Billings 1865

†Kawina prominulus Whittington 1963

†Kawina scrobiculus Whittington 1963

†Kawina sinica Zhou et al. 2014

†Kawina torulus Whittington 1963

†Kawina trentonensis Clarke 1897

†Kawina vulcanus Billings 1865

†Kawina webbi Hintze 1953

†Kawina wilsoni Ross, Jr. 1972

Invalid names: Cydonocephalus Whittington 1963 [synonym]

G. †Kolymella Chugaeva 1972

G. †Krattaspis Opik 1937

†Krattaspis paraspinosis Hansen 2010

G. †Ktenoura Lane 1971

†Ktenoura postrema Lane 1971

G. †Laneites Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Laneites ingrica Schmidt 1881

†Laneites polydorus Billings 1865

G. †Lehua Barton 1920

†Lehua argus Whittington 1963

G. †Onycopyge Woodward 1880

G. †Osekaspis Prantl and Pribyl 1947

G. †Parayoungia Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Parayoungia brennardi Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Parayoungia eleyae Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Parayoungia folinsbeei Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Parayoungia mclaughlini Adrain 1998

†Parayoungia tuberculata Chatterton and Perry 1984

Invalid names: Ichiyamella Kobayashi and Hamada 1986 [synonym]

G. †Parisoceraurus Zhou 1977

G. †Pateraspis Prantl and Pribyl 1947

G. †Patomaspis Ogienko 1974

†Patomaspis pictus Ogienko 1974

Subfm. †Pilekiinae Sdzuy 1955

G. †Anacheirurus Reed 1896

†Anacheirurus adserai Vela and Corbacho 2007

Invalid names: Lehua colli Vela 2007 [synonym], Lehua corbachoi Vela 2007 [synonym], Lehua iannacconnei Corbacho 2008 [synonym], Lehua ponti Vela 2007 [synonym], Lehua tahirii Corbacho 2008 [synonym], Lehua velai Corbacho 2008 [synonym]

†Anacheirurus bohemicus Ruzicka 1926

†Anacheirurus frederici Salter 1864

†Anacheirurus nanus Mergl 1984

†Anacheirurus plutonis Bulman and Rushton 1973

G. †Chashania Lu and Sun 1977

G. †Courtessolium Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Courtessolium prepater Courtessole and Pillet 1975

G. †Demeterops Pribyl and Vanek 1985

†Demeterops loella Demeter 1973

G. †Emsurina Sivov 1955

G. †Eocheirurus Rozova 1960

G. †Koraipsis Kobayashi 1934

†Koraipsis spinus Kobayashi 1934

G. †Landyia Jell 1985

G. †Macrogrammus Whittard 1966

†Macrogrammus pengi Edgecombe et al. 1999

†Macrogrammus rafi Edgecombe et al. 1999

G. †Metapilekia Harrington 1938

†Metapilekia bilirata Harrington 1938

G. †Metapliomerops Kobayashi 1934

†Metapliomerops extenuata Raymond 1924

G. †Parapilekia Kobayashi 1934

†Parapilekia atecae Hammann 1971

†Parapilekia beattyana Holliday 1942

†Parapilekia ferrigena Mergl 1994

†Parapilekia jacquelinae Fortey 1980

†Parapilekia olesnaensis Růžička 1935

†Parapilekia sougyi Destombes et al. 1969

G. †Pilekia Barton 1915

†Pilekia apollo Billings 1860

†Pilekia trio Hintze 1953

G. †Pliomeroides Harrington and Leanza 1957

†Pliomeroides blatchfordi Legg 1976

†Pliomeroides deferrariisi Harrington 1938

G. †Pseudopliomera Lu and Qian 1978

G. †Seisonia Kobayashi 1934

†Seisonia sphericauda Kobayashi 1934

G. †Sinoparapilekia Peng 1990

G. †Tesselacauda Ross 1951

†Tesselacauda depressa Ross 1951

G. †Tienshihfuia Lu in Lu et al 1976

G. †Victorispina Jell 1985

G. †Yinaspis Zhang and Fan 1960

Invalid names: Sinoparapilekiini Peng 1990 [empty]

G. †Placoparina Whittard 1940

†Placoparina sedgwickii M'Coy 1849

G. †Pompeckia Warburg 1925

†Pompeckia minor Warburg 1925

†Pompeckia wegelini Angelin 1854

Invalid names: Sphaerexochus wegelini Angelin 1854 [synonym]

G. †Proromma Lane 1971

†Proromma bregmops Lane 1971

G. †Protocerauroides Chatterton and Perry 1984

G. †Pseudocheirurus Prantl and Pribyl 1947

†Pseudocheirurus gomiensis Kobayashi and Hamada 1985

G. †Radiurus Ramskold 1983

†Radiurus adraini Chatterton and Ludvigsen 2004

G. †Ratinkaspis Pribyl and Vanek 1977

†Ratinkaspis bifurcatus Barrande 1852

G. †Reraspis Opik 1937

Subfm. †Sphaerexochinae Opik 1937

G. †Pseudosphaerexochus Schmidt 1881

Subg. †Pseudosphaerexochus (Pateraspis) Prantl and Pribyl 1947

†Pseudosphaerexochus (Pateraspis) andegavus Bureau 1900

†Pseudosphaerexochus (Pateraspis) mediterraneus Hammann 1972

†Pseudosphaerexochus bulbosus Nikolaisen 1965

†Pseudosphaerexochus cancrura Salter 1853

†Pseudosphaerexochus conformis Angelin 1854

Invalid names: Cheirurus conformis Törnquist 1884 [synonym]

†Pseudosphaerexochus densigranulatus Nikolaisen 1965

†Pseudosphaerexochus granulatus Angelin 1854

Invalid names: Sphaerexochus granulatus Angelin 1854 [synonym]

†Pseudosphaerexochus laticeps Linnarsson 1866

†Pseudosphaerexochus octolobatus M'Coy 1849

†Pseudosphaerexochus roemeri Schmidt 1881

†Pseudosphaerexochus tectus Ingham 1974

†Pseudosphaerexochus tuberculatus Warburg 1925

†Pseudosphaerexochus zapata Adrain and Fortey 1997

Invalid names: Mayopyge Adrain and Fortey 1997 [synonym], Parasphaerexochus Chugaeva 1973 [synonym], Skelipyx Lane 1971 [synonym]

G. †Sphaerexochus Beyrich 1845

†Sphaerexochus arenosis Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1977

†Sphaerexochus arenosus Chatterton and Ludvigsen 1976

†Sphaerexochus atacius Ludvigsen 1979

†Sphaerexochus brandlyi Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Sphaerexochus bridgei Cooper and Kindle 1936

†Sphaerexochus britanicus Dean 1971

†Sphaerexochus calvus Mc Coy 1846

Invalid names: Sphaerexochus angustifrons Angelin 1854 [synonym], Sphaerexochus latirugatus Reed 1896 [synonym], Sphaerexochus mirus Beyrich 1845 [synonym]

†Sphaerexochus desertus Billings 1865

†Sphaerexochus dimorphus Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Sphaerexochus discrepans Raymond 1925

†Sphaerexochus eurys Tripp 1962

†Sphaerexochus fibrisulcatus Lu 1975

†Sphaerexochus glaber Holloway 1980

†Sphaerexochus hapsidotus Whittington and Evitt 1953

†Sphaerexochus hiratai Kobayashi and Hamada 1974

†Sphaerexochus hisingeri Warburg 1925

Invalid names: Calymene clavifrons Hisinger 1840 [synonym]

†Sphaerexochus johnstoni Chatterton and Perry 1984

†Sphaerexochus laciniatus Lindström 1885