Parent taxon: Metazoa according to S. M. Adl et al. 2005
See also Kiessling 2003 and Sepkoski 2002
Sister taxa: Bilateria, Diploblastica, Homoblastica, Hyolithelminthida, Vertebrosa, Westgardia, Broccoliforma, Siphonoconcha, Erniettomorpha, Hadrynichorde, Helanoichnus, Parazoa, Macrocypris kayi, Dictyorhabdus, Scenellopsis, Kimberellomorpha, Atalotaenia, Silicispongea, Epitheliozoa, Hadryniscala, Yangtziramulus, Lazaichnus, Bilaterialomorpha, Silicea, Megathrix, Dorfopterus, Goettingenia, Bronicella, Kuckaraukia, Tentaculitoidea, Oligoopilionus, Tetraradialomorpha, Protolyellia, Pentaradialomorpha, Arboreomorpha, Ventogyrus, Trichoplax, Cnidaria, Palaeacmaea, Evmiaksia, Petalonamae, Odontogriphidae, Chondroplon, Khasaktidae, Somatohelix, Limacites, Triradialomorpha, Agmata, Eumetazoa, Eodiorygma, Convolutubus, Yelovichnus, Lomosovis, Subtilicyathus, Sentularia, Muricassis, Bomakellia, Yunnanomedusa, Kinzeriidae, Xidazoon, Deuteronectanebos, Chenmengella, Mesozoa, Gaojiashania, Spygoria, Euradiculata, Gephyrea, Lidaconus, Persimedusites, Problematica, Proarticulata
Subtaxa: Adriatella Aetholicopalla Alasonia Aphlebospongia Archaeocyatha Ascarum Asteriscosella Astrostylopsis Axiotubullina Bacatocyathus Bicyathus Bornium Bortepesia Calcarea Cassianostroma Ceraostroma Circopora Clathrispongia Codites Coenostella Concretum Coniatopenia Cornuaspongia Coronacollina Cotyliscus Cribricyatha Cribroscyphia Crisantum Cuneiphycus Cupulochonia Cupulospongia Cyclospongia Cylicopsis Cystiphyllum adrianense Demospongiae Dendropora mirfia Desmopora Diestosphecion Diplostomella Disjectoporidae Disparistromaria Dulmius Dulmius innovatus Dyocopanon Ellipsactinia Encrinites apiosus Encrinites disculus Encrinites mirus Encrinites nudus Encrinites patiens Encrinites perminutus Encrinites praedominans Encrinites praedominans alternatus Encrinites quaesitus Encrinites regularis Encrinites tolomeus Eocoryne Eocyathispongia Fedomia Floriana Glenodictyum Helicolocellus Heteractinida Hexactinellida Holocoelia Homoscleromorpha Idromecrinus Lamellata Lamellispongia Limnoretheles Lithopora Megalelasma Megastroma Microcoryne Milleporidium Mirmus Monotheles Myrioporina Nabaviella Nelumbosium Nelumbosium primum Oligoplagia Palaeophragmodictya Paratubuliella Parksia Pharetronida Pilosphecion Plectinia Polyactinellidae Polycnemiseudea Psephidia Pulchrilaminida Puppispongia Puppispongia prostrema Radicispongia Rauffia Reticullina Rimpia Rosellatana Rugoconites Scillus Sclerospongiae Scribroporella Scyphia Shitangspongia Sinoflabrum Siphonia permiana Siphonia permiana elongatiuscula Siphonia permiana ovoidalis Siphonia permiana piriformis Siphostroma Sparsispongia Sphaeractinia Sphinctozoa Spirocyathidae Spongites lementarius Spongites oculatus Sporadoporidium Steinerella Stromatofungia Stromatoporellata Stromatoporellina Stromatoporina Stromatoporoidea Stromatostroma Taraxaculum Textispongia Thalamospongia Thectardis Toriscodermia Tosastroma Tragos Trammeria Tubispongia Tubuliella Virmula Xizangstromatopora
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder