PBDB Taxon

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Polyplacophora (chiton)

Polyplacophora

Taxonomy

Polyplacophora was named by de Blainville (1816) [also attributed to Gray 1821]. It is extant.

It was reranked as the order Polyplacophora by Martin (1904).

It was assigned to Amphineura by Martin (1904); to Mollusca by Barnes (1998), Wells and Houston (2001), Sepkoski (2002); and to Serialia by Giribet et al. (2006).

Subtaxa

Dycheiidae, Emo, Heloplacidae, Mesoplacophora, Multiplacophora, Neoloricata, Oligochiton, Paleoloricata, Prisochiton, Trachydermon

Synonyms

Amphineura is a class. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Polyplacophora by Giribet et al. (2006).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1816	Polyplacophora de Blainville
1904	Polyplacophora Martin p. 270
1998	Polyplacophora Barnes
2001	Polyplacophora Wells and Houston p. 19
2002	Polyplacophora Sepkoski
2006	Polyplacophora Giribet et al. p. 7725

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia

Rank	Name	Author
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
—	Serialia
class	Polyplacophora	de Blainville 1816
class	Polyplacophora	de Blainville 1816

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Polyplacophora de Blainville 1816 [chiton]

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Fm. †Dycheiidae Pojeta et al. 2010

G. †Dycheia Pojeta and Derby 2007

†Dycheia shergoldi Pojeta and Derby 2007

G. †Paradycheia Pojeta et al. 2010

†Paradycheia dorisae Pojeta et al. 2010

G. †Emo Sutton et al. 2025

†Emo vorticaudum Sutton et al. 2025

Fm. †Heloplacidae Cherns 2004

G. †Acaenoplax Sutton et al. 2001

†Acaenoplax hayae Sutton et al. 2001

G. †Enetoplax Cherns 1998

†Enetoplax decora Cherns 1998

G. †Heloplax Cherns 1998

†Heloplax papilla Cherns 1998

Or. †Multiplacophora Hoare and Mapes 1995

Fm. †Hercolepadidae Dzik 1986

G. †Protobalanus Whitfield 1888

†Protobalanus spinicoronatus Vinther et al. 2012

G. †Polysacos Vendrasco et al. 2004

†Polysacos vickersianum Vendrasco et al. 2004

Fm. †Strobilepidae Hoare and Mapes 1995

G. †Diadeloplax Hoare and Mapes 1995

†Diadeloplax antiqua Howse 1848

Invalid names: Chitonellus distortus Kirkby 1859 [synonym], Chitonellus hancockianus Kirkby 1859 [synonym]

†Diadeloplax apiculatus Hanger et al. 2000

G. †Hannestheronia Vinther et al. 2012

†Hannestheronia australis Vinther et al. 2012

G. †Strobilepis Hall and Clarke 1888

†Strobilepis spinigera Clarke 1888

Invalid names: Lobarochiton anomalus Rowley 1908 [synonym]

Invalid names: Strobilepida Hoare and Mapes 1995 [empty]

Subcl. Neoloricata Bergenhayn 1955

G. †Afossochiton

G. †Austrochiton

G. †Beloplaxus

Or. †Callochitonida Plate 1901

Fm. †Callochitonidae

G. Callochiton Gray 1847

†Callochiton chattonensis Ashby 1929

†Callochiton crocinus

†Callochiton elongatus

†Callochiton klemi

†Callochiton mayi

†Callochiton rufus

†Callochiton septemvalvis Montagu 1803

Fm. Chaetopleuridae Plate 1899

G. Calloplax Thiele 1909

Calloplax janeirensis Gray 1828

†Calloplax roederi Vendrasco et al. 2022

G. Chaetopleura Shuttleworth 1853

Subg. †Chaetopleura (Pallochiton) Dall 1879

Chaetopleura apiculata Say 1830

†Chaetopleura gemma Carpenter 1879

Chaetopleura peruvianus Lamarck 1819

G. Dinoplax Dall 1882

Dinoplax gigas Gmelin 1791

Or. Chitonida Thiele 1909

Subor. Acanthochitonina Bergenhayn 1930

Fm. Acanthochitonidae Pilsbry 1893

G. Acanthochitona Gray 1821 [glass-hair chiton]

Subfm. Acanthochitoninae Pilsbry 1893

G. †Bassethullia Pilsbry 1928

G. Craspedochiton Shuttleworth 1853

G. Cryptochiton Middendorff 1847

G. Cryptoconchus Burrow 1815

G. Cryptoplax Blainville 1818

G. †Leptoplax Carpenter 1882

G. Notoplax Adams 1861

Invalid names: Callistochitoninae Berry 1922 [empty]

Fm. Chitonidae Rafinesque 1815

Subfm. Acanthopleurinae Thiele 1910

G. Chiton Linnaeus 1758

Subfm. †Chitoninae Linnaeus 1758

G. Onithochiton Gray 1847

Invalid names: Toniciinae [empty]

Fm. †Ischnochitonidae Dall 1889

G. †Allochiton

Subfm. †Callochitoninae

Subfm. †Chaetopleurinae

G. Cyanoplax Pilsbry 1892

G. †Heterochiton

Subfm. †Ischnochitoninae

Subfm. †Lepidochitoninae

G. Lepidozona Pilsbry 1892

Subfm. †Schizoplacinae

G. Stenoplax Carpenter 1879

G. †Stenosemus Middendorff 1847

G. Tonicella Carpenter 1873

G. Tripoplax Berry 1919

Fm. Loricidae Iredale and Hull 1923

G. Lorica Adams and A. 1852

Fm. Callistoplacidae Dall 1879

G. Callistochiton Carpenter 1879

†Callistochiton asthenes Berry 1919

Callistochiton crassicostatus Pilsbry 1893

†Callistochiton decoratus Pilsbry 1896

Callistochiton elenensis Sowerby 1832

Callistochiton palmulatus Dall 1879

G. Ceratozona Dall 1882

G. †Middendorfia Dall 1879

†Middendorfia corrugis Boettger 1869

Invalid names: Chiton etrechyensis de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym], Tonicia mammillata de Rochebrune 1882 [synonym]

G. Nuttallina Dall 1871

Nuttallina californica Reeve 1847

Invalid names: Nuttallina fluxa Carpenter 1864 [synonym]

G. †Crenatolorica

Subor. †Cymatochitonina Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977

Fm. †Cymatochitonidae Sirenko and Starobogatov 1977

G. †Cymatochiton Dall 1882

†Cymatochiton kaibabensis Brady 1955

†Cymatochiton loftusianus King 1848

†Cymatochiton texanus Girty 1909

Fm. †Gryphochitonidae Pilsbury 1900

G. †Aaptochiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008

†Aaptochiton pustulosus Hoare and Karasawa 2008

G. †Chauliochiton Hoare and Smith 1984

†Chauliochiton knighti Hoare and Smith 1984

G. †Chonechiton Carpenter 1882

†Chonechiton viseticola de Ryckholt 1845

G. †Gryphochiton Gray 1847

†Gryphochiton asamiae Hoare and Karasawa 2008

†Gryphochiton distinctus Hoare et al. 2002

†Gryphochiton girtyi Hoare and Smith 1984

†Gryphochiton planoplata Hanger et al. 2000

Fm. †Lekiskochitonidae Smith and Hoare 1987

G. †Lekiskochiton Hoare and Smith 1984

†Lekiskochiton crassus Mazaev 2024

†Lekiskochiton fornicis Hoare and Smith 1984

G. †Elachychiton

G. †Eulachychiton

G. †Euleptochiton

G. Guildingia

Subor. Ischnochitonina Bergenhayn 1930

Fm. Mopaliidae Dall 1889

G. Amicula Gray 1847

G. Katharina Gray 1847

†Katharina tunicata Wood 1815

G. Mopalia Gray 1847

Subg. Mopalia (Dendrochiton) Berry 1911

†Mopalia acuta Carpenter 1855

†Mopalia ciliata Sowerby 1840

†Mopalia hindsii Sowerby 1847

Mopalia imporcata Carpenter 1864

†Mopalia lignosa Gould 1846

Mopalia lowei Pilsbry 1918

†Mopalia muscosa Gould 1846

†Mopalia sinuata Carpenter 1864

G. Placiphorella Carpenter 1879

†Placiphorella velata Carpenter 1879

G. Plaxiphora Gray 1847

Invalid names: Heterochitoninae [empty], Katharininae [empty], Mopaliinae [empty]

G. †Pterygochiton

†Pterygochiton busambrensis Scalia 1903

†Pterygochiton distefanoi Fucini 1912

†Pterygochiton liasinus Eudes-Deslongchamps 1864

†Pterygochiton mirificus Fucini 1912

†Pterygochiton terquemii Eudes-Deslongchamps 1859

Fm. Schizochitonidae Dall 1885

G. †Aulacochiton Shuttleworth

†Aulacochiton praecursor Smith et al. 1968

G. Loricella Pilsbry 1893

Loricella angasi Adams 1864

G. †Oochiton

G. Schizochiton Gray 1847

Schizochiton incisus Sowerby 1841

†Schizochiton marshallensis Ladd 1966

G. †Kindbladochiton

G. Laculina

G. †Lavenachiton

Subor. †Lepidopleurina Thiele 1910

Fm. †Acutichitonidae Hoare et al. 1983

G. †Acutichiton Hoare et al. 1972

†Acutichiton gracilis Hoare et al. 2002

†Acutichiton nevadensis Hoare et al. 2002

†Acutichiton pannuceus Hoare and Mapes 1985

†Acutichiton pyrmidalus Hoare et al. 1972

G. †Arcochiton Hoare and Sturgeon 1976

†Arcochiton raymondi Hoare and Sturgeon 1976

†Arcochiton richardsoni Hoare et al. 2002

†Arcochiton soccus Hanger et al. 2000

G. †Kraterochiton Hoare 2000

†Kraterochiton magnificus Hoare 2000

G. †Soleachiton Hoare and Smith 1984

†Soleachiton yochelsoni Hoare and Smith 1984

Fm. †Choriplacidae

G. †Choriplax Pilsbry 1894

†Coriplax grayi

G. †Plasiochiton Hoare 2000

†Plasiochiton curiosus Hoare 2000

Fm. †Crassitudochitonidae Hoare and Karasawa 2008

G. †Crassitudochiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008

†Crassitudochiton plakos Hoare and Karasawa 2008

Fm. †Glyptochitonidae Starobogatov and Sirenko 1975

G. †Glyptochiton de Koninck 1883

†Glyptochiton cordifer de Koninck 1844

Fm. Hanleyidae Bergenhayn 1955

G. Hanleya Gray 1857

†Hanleya hanleyi Bean 1844

G. †Hemiarthrum Carpenter 1876

G. †Homeochiton Hanger et al. 2000

†Homeochiton triangulus Hanger et al. 2000

Fm. †Lepidopleuridae Pilsbry 1892

G. †Asketochiton Hoare and Sabattini 2000

†Asketochiton chubutensis Hoare and Sabattini 2000

G. †Camptochiton Debrock et al. 1984

G. †Colapterochiton Hoare and Mapes 1985

†Colapterochiton decorus Hoare and Mapes 1985

G. †Coryssochiton Debrock et al. 1984

G. †Glaphurochiton Raymond 1910

†Glaphurochiton carbonarius Stevens 1858

Invalid names: Helminthochiton concinnus Richardson 1956 [synonym]

G. †Hadrochiton Hoare 2000

†Hadrochiton pileus Hoare 2000

G. †Hanleyella

G. †Lobarochiton Hoare 1976

G. Oldroydia Dall 1894

G. †Pedanochiton Debrock et al. 1984

G. †Pileochiton Debrock et al. 1984

G. †Schematochiton Hoare 2002

†Schematochiton arthurcooperi Smith 1976

G. †Stegochiton Hoare and Smith 1984

†Stegochiton coxi Hoare and Smith 1984

†Stegochiton onerosus Hoare and Smith 1984

Fm. Leptochitonidae Dall 1889

G. †Gifuchiton Hoare and Karasawa 2008

†Gifuchiton pentagonus Hoare and Karasawa 2008

G. Leptochiton Gray 1847

Subg. Leptochiton (Leptochiton) Gray 1847

Subg. †Leptochiton (Parachiton) Thiele 1909

†Leptochiton algesirensis Capellini 1859

Invalid names: Lepidopleurus (Leptochiton) algesirensis Angelo and Palazzi 1989 [synonym]

†Leptochiton cancellatus Sowerby 1840

†Leptochiton clarki Berry 1922

Leptochiton inquinatus Reeve 1847

†Leptochiton terryiverseni Hybertsen and Kiel 2018

Subfm. Leptochitoninae Dall 1889

G. Lepidopleurus Gray 1847

Invalid names: Lepidochiton Gray 1847 [synonym], Rhombichiton Dekoninck 1883 [synonym]

G. †Pterochiton Carpenter 1882

†Pterochiton eburonicus de Ryckholt 1845

†Pterochiton newelli Smith 1976

†Pterochiton spatulatus Hoare et al. 1972

Fm. †Ochmazochitonidae Hoare and Smith 1984

G. †Ochmazochiton Hoare and Smith 1984

†Ochmazochiton comptus Hoare and Smith 1984

†Ochmazochiton uralensis Mazaev 2024

G. †Pyknochiton Hoare 2000

†Pyknochiton lunatus Hoare 2000

G. Lirachiton

G. †Llandeilochiton

G. †Loboarochiton Hoare 1976

G. †Mesochiton

G. †Permochiton

G. †Proleptochiton

†Proleptochiton laterodepressus Bergenhayn 1945

G. †Protalochiton

G. †Protochiton

G. †Pseudoischnochiton

G. †Trachypleura

Invalid names: Abyssochitonidae [empty], Chitonina Thiele 1910 [empty], Cryptoplacidae [empty], Lepidopleurida Thiele 1910 [empty], Xylochitonidae Gowlett-Holmes and A.M. 1992 [empty]

Subcl. †Paleoloricata Bergenhayn 1955

G. †Alastega Cherns 1998

†Alastega lira Cherns 1998

†Alastega martini Hoare and Pojeta 2006

G. †Arctoplax Cherns 1998

†Arctoplax ornata Cherns 1998

Fm. †Aulochitonidae Pojeta et al. 2010

G. †Aulochiton Pojeta et al. 2010

†Aulochiton sannerae Pojeta et al. 2010

G. †Bursata

Subor. †Chelodina Bergenhayn 1960

Fm. †Gotlandochitonidae Bergenhayn 1955