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Taxonomy
Strepsirrhini was named by Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1812). It is extant.
It was corrected as Strepsirhini by McKenna (1975) and Schwartz and Tattersall (1983); it was reranked as the infraorder Strepsirrhini by Rose et al. (2007) and Rose et al. (2009); it was reranked as the unranked clade Strepsirrhini by Kirk and Williams (2011); it was misspelled as Strepsirhini by Beard et al. (1994), Poux and Douzery (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Marivaux et al. (2006), Bloch et al. (2007), Chaimanee et al. (2008), Harrison (2010), Fleagle (2013) and Chavasseau et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Euprimates by Bloch et al. (2007); to Euprimates by Rose et al. (2007) and Rose et al. (2009); and to Primates by McKenna (1975), Schwartz and Tattersall (1983), Beard et al. (1994), Poux and Douzery (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Marivaux et al. (2006), Chaimanee et al. (2008), Harrison (2010), Kirk and Williams (2011), Fleagle (2013) and Chavasseau et al. (2019).
It was corrected as Strepsirhini by McKenna (1975) and Schwartz and Tattersall (1983); it was reranked as the infraorder Strepsirrhini by Rose et al. (2007) and Rose et al. (2009); it was reranked as the unranked clade Strepsirrhini by Kirk and Williams (2011); it was misspelled as Strepsirhini by Beard et al. (1994), Poux and Douzery (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Marivaux et al. (2006), Bloch et al. (2007), Chaimanee et al. (2008), Harrison (2010), Fleagle (2013) and Chavasseau et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Euprimates by Bloch et al. (2007); to Euprimates by Rose et al. (2007) and Rose et al. (2009); and to Primates by McKenna (1975), Schwartz and Tattersall (1983), Beard et al. (1994), Poux and Douzery (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Marivaux et al. (2006), Chaimanee et al. (2008), Harrison (2010), Kirk and Williams (2011), Fleagle (2013) and Chavasseau et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1812 | Strepsirrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire |
1975 | Strepsirhini McKenna p. 42 |
1983 | Strepsirhini Schwartz and Tattersall p. 349 |
1994 | Strepsirhini Beard et al. p. 605 |
2004 | Strepsirrhini Poux and Douzery |
2005 | Strepsirrhini Wilson and Reeder |
2006 | Strepsirrhini Marivaux et al. p. 426 |
2007 | Strepsirrhini Bloch et al. p. 1162 |
2007 | Strepsirrhini Rose et al. p. 380 |
2008 | Strepsirrhini Chaimanee et al. |
2009 | Strepsirrhini Rose et al. p. 369 |
2010 | Strepsirrhini Harrison |
2011 | Strepsirrhini Kirk and Williams p. 157 |
2013 | Strepsirrhini Fleagle |
2019 | Strepsirrhini Chavasseau et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Strepsirrhini Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
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Infraor. †Adapiformes Hoffstetter 1977
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Fm. †Adapidae Trouessart 1879
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Subfm. †Adapinae Trouessart 1879
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G. †Adapis Cuvier 1822
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†Adapis collinsonae Hooker 1986
†Adapis parisiensis Blainville 1841
†Adapis stintoni Gingerich 1977
†Adapis sudrei Gingerich 1977
G. †Leptadapis Gervais 1876
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Subg. †Leptadapis (Paradapis) Tattersall and Schwartz 1983
†Leptadapis capellae Crusafont-Pairo 1967
†Leptadapis filholi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Leptadapis leenhardti Stehlin 1912
†Leptadapis magnus Filhol 1874
†Leptadapis ruetimeyeri Filhol 1874
G. †Magnadapis Godinot and Couette 2008
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†Magnadapis fredi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis intermedius Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis laurenceae Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis quercyi Godinot and Couette 2008
G. †Protoadapis Lemoine 1878
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†Protoadapis angustidens Filhol 1888
†Protoadapis curvicuspidens Lemoine 1878
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Invalid names: Pronycticebus mancyi Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
†Protoadapis filholi Gingerich 1977
Invalid names: Protoadapis crassicuspidens Lemoine 1878 [nomen nudum]
G. †Pelycodus Cope 1875
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†Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich and Lucas 1991
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Invalid names: Pelycodus schidelerorum Kihm 1992 [synonym]
†Pelycodus eppsi Cooper 1932
†Pelycodus jarrovii Cope 1874
†Pelycodus savagei Gingerich 1977
G. †Sivaladapis Gingerich and Sahni 1979
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†Sivaladapis nagrii Prasad 1970
†Sivaladapis palaeindicus Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Arisella Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium], Arisella capellae Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Adapoidea Trouessart 1879
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Fm. †Notharctidae Trouessart 1879
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Subfm. †Asiadapinae Rose et al. 2009
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G. †Cantius Simons 1962
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†Cantius abditus Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius actius Gunnell 1995
†Cantius eppsi Cooper 1932
†Cantius frugivorus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Copelemur feretutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym]
†Cantius mckennai Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius nunienus Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Copelemur consortutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym], Notharctus limosus Gazin 1952 [synonym]
†Cantius ralstoni Matthew 1915
†Cantius savagei Gingerich 1977
†Cantius simonsi Gunnell 2002
†Cantius torresi Gingerich 1986
†Cantius trigonodus Matthew 1915
Invalid names: Hesperolemur Gunnell 1995 [synonym]
Subfm. †Cercamoniinae Gingerich 1975
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G. †Agerinia Crusafont-Pairó and Golpe-Posse 1973
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Invalid names: Agerina Crusafont Pairó 1967 [replaced]
Tr. †Anchomomyini Szalay and Delson 1979
G. †Barnesia Thalmann 1994
G. †Buxella Godinot 1988
G. †Cercamonius Gingerich 1975
G. †Nievesia Marigó et al. 2013
G. †Panobius Russell and Gingerich 1987
Invalid names: Anchomomynini Szalay and Delson 1979 [empty]
G. †Notharctus Leidy 1870
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†Notharctus robinsoni Gingerich 1979
†Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Hipposyus formosus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium affine Marsh 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium tyrannus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Notharctus formosus Gregory 1916 [synonym], Notharctus osborni Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus pugnax Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Thinolestes anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium rostratum Cope 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium Marsh 1871 [synonym], Pelycodus relictus Gregory 1917 [nomen nudum], Telmalestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinolestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium Cope 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pondaunginae Ciochon and Holroyd 1994
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Invalid names: Siamopithecini Gunnell et al. 2002 [empty]
G. †Smilodectes Wortman 1903
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†Smilodectes gracilis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Aphanolemur gibbosus Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus matthewi Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
†Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich 1979
†Smilodectes sororis Gunnell 2002
Invalid names: Aphanolemur Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
Subfm. †Caenopithecinae Szalay and Delson 1979
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Fm. †Ekgmowechashalidae Szalay 1976
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Subfm. †Bugtilemurinae Rust et al. 2023
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G. †Ekgmowechashala Macdonald 1963
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†Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald 1963
†Ekgmowechashala zancanellai Samuels et al. 2015
G. †Mahgarita Wilson and Szalay 1976
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†Mahgarita stevensi Wilson and Szalay 1976
Invalid names: Margarita Wilson and Szalay 1976 [replaced]
Subfm. †Pronycticebinae Godinot 1998
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G. †Pronycticebus Grandidier 1904
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†Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier 1904
†Pronycticebus neglectus Thalmann et al. 1989
Fm. †Sivaladapidae Thomas and Verma 1979
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Subfm. †Anthradapinae Chavasseau et al. 2019
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Subfm. †Hoanghoniinae Gingerich et al. 1994
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G. †Rencunius Gingerich et al. 1994
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†Rencunius wui Tong 1997
†Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al. 1994
Subfm. †Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979
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G. †Guangxilemur Qi and Beard 1998
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†Guangxilemur singsilai Marivaux et al. 2002
†Guangxilemur tongi Qi and Beard 1998
G. †Sinoadapis Wu and Pan 1985
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†Sinoadapis carnosus Wu and Pan 1985
†Sinoadapis shihuibaensis Pan and Wu 1986
G. †Yunnanadapis Ni et al. 2016
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†Yunnanadapis folivorus Ni et al. 2016
†Yunnanadapis imperator Ni et al. 2016
G. †Sulaimanius Gunnell et al. 2012
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†Sulaimanius arifi Gunnell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Sulaimania Gunnell et al. 2008 [replaced]
Invalid names: Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979 [empty]
Fm. †Azibiidae Gingerich 1976
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G. †Azibius Sudre 1975
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†Azibius trerki Sudre 1975
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Invalid names: Dralestes hammadaensis Tabuce et al. 2004 [synonym], Tabelia hammadae Godinot and Mahboubi 1994 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dralestes Tabuce et al. 2004 [synonym], Tabelia Godinot and Mahboubi 1994 [synonym]
Fm. †Djebelemuridae Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
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G. †Djebelemur Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
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†Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger and Marandat 1992
G. †Karanisia Seiffert et al. 2003
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†Karanisia arenula Jaeger et al. 2010
†Karanisia clarki Seiffert et al. 2003
Infraor. Lemuriformes Gregory 1915 [lemur]
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Unr. Chiromyiformes Anthony and Coupin 1931
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Fm. Daubentoniidae Gray 1863
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G. Daubentonia Geoffroy 1795 [aye aye]
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Daubentonia madagascariensis Gmelin 1788 [aye aye]
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Invalid names: Lemur psilodactylus Shaw 1800 [synonym]
†Daubentonia robusta Lamberton 1934
Invalid names: Cheiromys Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Cheyromis Geoffroy 1803 [synonym], Chiromys Illiger 1811 [synonym], Myslemur Blainville 1846 [synonym], Myspithecus Blainville 1839 [synonym], Psilodactylus Oken 1816 [synonym], Scoleophagus Geoffroy 1785 [synonym]
Superfm. Lemuroidea Mivart 1864
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Fm. †Archaeolemuridae Grandidier 1905 [monkey lemur]
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Fm. Cheirogaleidae Gray 1873
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G. Cheirogaleus Geoffroy 1812 [dwarf lemur]
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Cheirogaleus andysabini Lei et al. 2015
Cheirogaleus crossleyi Grandidier 1870
Cheirogaleus lavasoensis Thiele et al. 2013
Cheirogaleus major Geoffroy 1812
Cheirogaleus medius Geoffroy 1812 [fat-tailed dwarf lemur]
Cheirogaleus minusculus Groves 2000
Cheirogaleus shethi Frasier et al. 2016
Cheirogaleus sibreei Forsyth Major 1896
Cheirogaleus thomasi Forsyth Major 1894
Invalid names: Altililemur Elliot 1913 [synonym], Cebugale Lesson 1840 [synonym], Mioxicebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Myspithecus Cuvier 1842 [synonym], Opolemur Gray 1872 [synonym]
G. Microcebus Geoffroy 1827 [mouse lemur]
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Microcebus arnholdi Louis et al. 2008
Microcebus berthae Rasolooarison et al. 2000
Microcebus bongolavensis Olivieri et al. 2007
Microcebus boraha Hotaling et al. 2016
Microcebus danfossi Olivieri et al. 2007
Microcebus ganzhorni Hotaling et al. 2016
Microcebus gerpi Radespiel et al. 2012
Microcebus griseorufus Kollman 1910
Microcebus jollyae Louis et al. 2006
Microcebus lehilahytsara Roos and Kappeler 2005
Microcebus lokobensis Olivieri et al. 2007
Microcebus macarthurii Radespiel et al. 2008
Microcebus mamiratra Andriantompohavana et al. 2006
Microcebus manitatra Hotaling et al. 2016
Microcebus margotmarshae Louis et al. 2008
Microcebus marohita Rasoloarison et al. 2013
Microcebus minor Geoffroy 1812
Microcebus mittermeieri Louis et al. 2006
Microcebus murinus Miller 1777 [gray mouse lemur]
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Invalid names: Cheirogaleus minor Geoffroy 1812 [synonym], Galago madagascariensis Geoffroy 1812 [synonym], Lemur prehensilis Kerr 1792 [synonym], Lemur pusillus Geoffroy 1795 [synonym], Myscebus palmarum Lesson 1840 [synonym], Prosimia minima Boddaert 1784 [synonym]
Microcebus myoxinus Peters 1852
Microcebus ravelobensis Zimmerman et al. 1998
Microcebus rufus Wagner 1840 [brown mouse lemur]
Microcebus sambiranensis Rasolooarison et al. 2000
Microcebus simmonsi Louis et al. 2006
Microcebus tanosi Rasoloarison et al. 2013
Microcebus tavaratra Rasolooarison et al. 2000
Invalid names: Azema Gray 1870 [synonym], Gliscebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Murilemur Gray 1870 [synonym], Myocebus Wagner 1841 [synonym], Myscebus Lesson 1840 [synonym], Scartes Swainson 1835 [synonym]
G. Phaner Gray 1870
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Phaner electromontis Groves and Tattersall 1991
Phaner furcifer Blainville 1839
Phaner pallescens Groves and Tattersall 1991
Phaner parienti Groves and Tattersall 1991
Fm. Indriidae Burnett 1828
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G. Avahi Jourdan 1834 [avahi]
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Avahi betsilio Andriantompohavana et al. 2007
Avahi cleesei Thalmann and Geissmann 2005
Avahi laniger Gmelin 1788 [eastern woolly lemur]
Avahi meridionalis Zaramody et al. 2006
Avahi mooreorum Lei et al. 2008 [Moore's woolly lemur]
Avahi occidentalis von Lorenz-Liburnau 1898 [western wooly lemur]
Avahi peyrierasi Zaramody et al. 2006
Avahi ramanantsoavani Zaramody et al. 2006
Avahi unicolor Thalmann and Geissmann 2000
Invalid names: Habrocebus Wagner 1839 [synonym], Iropocus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Microrhynchus Jourdan 1834 [replaced], Semnocebus Lesson 1840 [synonym]
G. Indri Geoffroy and Cuvier 1796 [indri]
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Indri indri Gmelin 1788 [indri]
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Invalid names: Indri brevicaudatus Geoffroy 1796 [synonym], Indri niger Lacépède 1799 [synonym], Indris variegatus Gray 1872 [synonym], Lichanotus mitratus Peters 1871 [synonym]
Invalid names: Indrium Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Lichanotus Illiger 1811 [synonym], Pithelemur Lesson 1840 [synonym]
G. Propithecus Bennett 1832 [sifaka]
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Propithecus candidus Grandidier 1871
Propithecus coquereli Grandidier 1867
Propithecus coronatus Milne-Edwards 1871
Propithecus deckenii Grandidier 1867
Propithecus diadema Grandidier 1867
Propithecus edwardsi Grandidier 1871
Propithecus perrieri Lavauden 1931
Propithecus tattersalli Simons 1988
Propithecus verreauxi Grandidier 1867
Invalid names: Macromerus Smith 1833 [synonym]
Fm. Lemuridae Gray 1821
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G. Eulemur Simons and Rumpler 1988 [true lemur]
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Eulemur albifrons Geoffroy 1796 [white-headed lemur]
Eulemur cinereiceps Grandidier and Milne-Edwards 1890
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Invalid names: Eulemur albocollaris Rumpler 1975 [synonym]
Eulemur collaris Geoffroy 1817 [collared brown lemur]
Eulemur coronatus Gray 1842 [crowned lemur]
Eulemur flavifrons Gray 1867 [blue-eyed black lemur]
Eulemur fulvus Geoffroy 1796 [common brown lemur]
Eulemur macaco Linnaeus 1766 [black lemur]
Eulemur mongoz Linnaeus 1766 [mongoose lemur]
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Invalid names: Lemur nigrifrons Geoffroy 1812 [synonym]
Eulemur rubriventer Geoffroy 1850 [red-bellied lemur]
Eulemur rufifrons Bennett 1833
Eulemur rufus Audebert 1799 [red lemur]
Eulemur sanfordi Archbold 1932
G. Hapalemur Geoffroy 1851
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Hapalemur alaotrensis Rumpler 1975
Hapalemur aureus Meier et al. 1987
Hapalemur griseus Link 1795
Hapalemur meridionalis Warter et al. 1987
Hapalemur occidentalis Rumpler 1975
Invalid names: Prolemur Gray 1870 [synonym]
G. Lemur Linnaeus 1758 [ring-tailed lemur]
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Lemur catta Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Catta Link 1806 [synonym], Eulemur Haeckel 1895 [nomen nudum], Maki Muirhead 1819 [synonym], Mococo Trouessart 1878 [synonym], Procebus Storr 1780 [synonym], Prosimia Brisson 1762 [synonym]
G. Varecia Gray 1863 [ruffed lemur]
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Varecia rubra Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
Varecia variegata Kerr 1792 [black-and-white ruffed lemur]
Invalid names: Chiromyina Gray 1825 [empty], Galagonina Gray 1825 [empty], Lemurinae Gray 1825 [empty], Lichanotina Gray 1825 [empty], Loridina Gray 1825 [empty], Tarsiina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Fm. Lepilemuridae Gray 1870
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G. Lepilemur Geoffroy 1851 [sportive lemur]
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Lepilemur aeeclis Andriaholinirina et al. 2006
Lepilemur ahmansoni Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur ankaranensis Rumpler and Albignac 1975
Lepilemur betsileo Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur dorsalis Gray 1871
Lepilemur edwardsi Forsyth Major 1894
Lepilemur fleuretae Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur grewcockorum Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur hollandorum Ramaromilanto et al. 2009
Lepilemur hubbardorum Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur jamesorum Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur leucopus Forsyth Major 1894
Lepilemur manasamody Craul et al. 2007
Lepilemur microdon Forsyth Major 1894
Lepilemur milanoii Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur mittermeieri Rabarivola et al. 2006
Lepilemur mustelinus Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire 1851
Lepilemur otto Craul et al. 2007
Lepilemur petteri Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur randrianasoloi Andriaholinirina et al. 2006
Lepilemur ruficaudatus Grandidier 1867
Lepilemur sahamalazensis Andriaholinirina et al. 2006
Lepilemur scottorum Lei et al. 2008 [Scotts sportive lemur]
Lepilemur seali Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur septentrionalis Rumpler and Albignac 1975
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni Louis et al. 2006
Lepilemur wrighti Louis et al. 2006
Invalid names: Galeocebus Wagner 1855 [synonym], Mixocebus Peters 1875 [synonym]
Fm. Megaladapidae Forsyth Major 1894
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G. †Megaladapis Forsyth Major 1894
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†Megaladapis edwardsi Grandidier 1899
†Megaladapis grandidieri Standing 1903
†Megaladapis madagascariensis Forsyth Major 1894
Fm. †Palaeopropithecidae Tattersall 1973
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G. †Mesopropithecus Standing 1905
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†Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Simons et al. 1995
†Mesopropithecus pithecoides Standing 1905
G. †Palaeopropithecus Grandidier 1899
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†Palaeopropithecus ingens Grandidier 1899
†Palaeopropithecus maximus Grandidier 1899
Invalid names: Indridae Burnett 1828 [empty], Megalapidae [empty], Nesopithecidae Major 1896 [empty]
Invalid names: Cheirogaleoidea Gray 1872 [empty], Indrioidea [empty]
Infraor. Lorisiformes Gregory 1915
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Superfm. †Lorisoidea
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Fm. Galagidae Mivart 1864 [galago]
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G. Euoticus Gray 1863 [needle-clawed bushbaby]
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Euoticus elegantulus Le Conte 1857 [southern needle-clawed bushbaby]
Euoticus pallidus Gray 1863
G. Galago Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1796
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†Galago farafraensis Pickford et al. 2006
Galago gallarum Thomas 1901
Galago matschiei Lorenz 1917
Galago moholi Smith 1836 [mohol bushbaby]
†Galago sadimanensis Walker 1987
Galago senegalensis Geoffroy 1796 [Senegal bushbaby]
Invalid names: Otolicnus Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. Galagoides Smith 1833
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Subg. Galagoides (Galagoides) Matthews and Brothers 2002
Galagoides demidoff Fischer 1806 [Prince Demidoff's galago]
Galagoides kumbirensis Svensson et al. 2017
Galagoides thomasi Elliot 1907
G. Otolemur Coquerel 1859
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Otolemur crassicaudatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
Otolemur garnettii Ogilby 1838
†Otolemur howelli Wesselman 1984
Otolemur monteiri Barlett 1863
G. Paragalago Masters et al. 2017
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Paragalago cocos Heller 1912
Paragalago granti Thomas 1907
Paragalago orinus Lawrence and Washburn 1936
Paragalago rondoensis Honess 1997
Paragalago zanzibaricus Matschie 1893
G. Sciurocheirus Gray 1872
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Sciurocheirus alleni Waterhouse 1838 [Bioko Allen's bushbaby]
Sciurocheirus cameronensis Peters 1876
Sciurocheirus gabonensis Gray 1863
Sciurocheirus makandensis Ambrose 2013
Fm. Lorisidae Gray 1821 [loris]
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Subfm. Lorisinae Gray 1821
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G. Loris Geoffroy 1796 [slender loris]
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Invalid names: Loridium Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Stenops Illiger 1811 [objective synonym]
G. †Microloris Flynn and Morgan 2005
G. †Nycticeboides Jacobs 1981
G. Nycticebus Geoffroy 1812 [slow loris]
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Invalid names: Bradycebus Cuvier and Geoffroy 1795 [synonym]
Subfm. Perodictinae Gray 1870
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G. Arctocebus Gray 1863 [golden potto]
G. Pseudopotto Schwartz 1996 [False potto]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available