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Ruminantiamorpha

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Ruminantiamorpha was named by Spaulding et al. (2009). It is extant.

It was assigned to Artiodactyla by Spaulding et al. (2009).

Subtaxa
Protoceratidae, Ruminantia
Sister taxa
Ruminantia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2009Ruminantiamorpha Spaulding et al. p. 3 figs. Table 1

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantiamorpha

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Ruminantiamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
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Fm. †Protoceratidae Marsh 1891 [protoceratid]
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G. †Calops Marsh 1894
+
†Calops consors Marsh 1897
†Calops cristatus Marsh 1894
G. †Heteromeryx Matthew 1905
+
†Heteromeryx dispar Matthew 1905
G. †Leptoreodon Wortman 1898
+
†Leptoreodon edwardsi Stock 1936
†Leptoreodon golzi Ludtke and Prothero 2004
†Leptoreodon major Golz 1976
†Leptoreodon marshi Wortman 1898
+
Invalid names: Camelomeryx longiceps Scott 1898 [synonym], Merycodesmus gracilis Scott 1898 [synonym]
†Leptoreodon pusillus Golz 1976
†Leptoreodon stocki Kelly 1990
Invalid names: Camelomeryx Scott 1898 [synonym], Leptoreodon (Hesperomeryx) Stock 1936 [invalid subgroup], Merycodesmus Scott 1898 [synonym]
G. †Leptotragulus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
†Leptotragulus clarki Gazin 1955
†Leptotragulus medius Peterson 1919
†Leptotragulus proavus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Parameryx laevis Marsh 1894 [synonym], Parameryx sulcatus Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Leptotragulus ultimus Schlaikjer 1935
Invalid names: Parameryx Marsh 1894 [synonym]
G. †Poabromylus Peterson 1932
+
†Poabromylus golzi Black 1978
†Poabromylus kayi Peterson 1932
†Poabromylus robustus Stock 1949
Subfm. †Protoceratinae
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G. †Paratoceras Frick 1937
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†Paratoceras coatesi Rincón et al. 2015
†Paratoceras macadamsi Frick 1937
†Paratoceras orarius Rincón et al. 2015
†Paratoceras tedfordi Webb et al. 2003
†Paratoceras wardi Patton and Taylor 1973
G. †Protoceras Marsh 1891
+
†Protoceras celer Marsh 1891
†Protoceras comptus Marsh 1894
†Protoceras nasutus Marsh 1897
†Protoceras neatodelpha Patton and Taylor 1973
†Protoceras skinneri Patton and Taylor 1973
G. †Pseudoprotoceras Cook 1934
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†Pseudoprotoceras minor Wilson 1974
†Pseudoprotoceras taylori Emry and Storer 1981
Subfm. †Synthetoceratinae Frick 1937
+
Tr. †Kyptoceratini Webb 1981
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G. †Kyptoceras Webb 1981
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†Kyptoceras amatorum Webb 1981
G. †Syndyoceras Barbour 1905
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†Syndyoceras cooki Barbour 1905
G. †Synthetoceras Stirton 1932
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†Synthetoceras davisorum Hulbert and Whitmore 2006
†Synthetoceras tricornatus Stirton 1932
Tr. †Synthetoceratini Webb 1981
+
G. †Lambdoceras Stirton 1967
+
†Lambdoceras hessei Stirton 1967
†Lambdoceras siouxensis Frick 1937
†Lambdoceras trinitiensis Patton and Taylor 1971
G. †Prosynthetoceras Frick 1937
+
+
Invalid names: Dromomeryx angustidens Hay 1924 [synonym], Merycodus grandis Hay 1924 [synonym], Syndyoceras australis White 1941 [synonym], Synthetoceras (Prosynthetoceras) douglasi White 1947 [synonym], Synthetoceras rileyi Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Toromeryx Wilson 1974
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†Toromeryx marginensis Wilson 1974
G. †Trigenicus Douglass 1903
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†Trigenicus profectus Matthew 1903
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Invalid names: Trigenicus socialis Douglass 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Leptotragulinae [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Ruminantia Scopoli 1777 [ruminant]
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Fm. †Agriochoeridae Leidy 1869 [agriochoerid]
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G. †Agriochoerus Leidy 1850
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†Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
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Invalid names: Agriochoerus latifrons Leidy 1869 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus gaudryi Osborn and Wortman 1893
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Invalid names: Agriomeryx migrans Marsh 1894 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Agriochoerus bullatus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Agriochoerus trifrons Cope 1884 [synonym], Coloreodon ferox Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon macrocephalus Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon ryderanus Cope 1881 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus major Leidy 1856
†Agriochoerus maximus Douglass 1902
Invalid names: Agriomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Artionyx Osborn and Wortman 1893 [synonym], Coloreodon Cope 1879 [synonym], Eomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Merycopater Cope 1879 [synonym]
G. †Diplobunops Peterson 1919
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†Diplobunops crassus Scott 1945
†Diplobunops kardoula Emery et al. 2016
†Diplobunops matthewi Peterson 1919
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Invalid names: Diplobunops leotensis Scott 1945 [synonym], Diplobunops uintensis Peterson 1931 [synonym], Diplobunops ultimus Peterson 1931 [synonym], Protoreodon pearcei Gazin 1956 [synonym]
†Diplobunops vanhouteni Gazin 1955
G. †Protoreodon Scott and Osborn 1887
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†Protoreodon minimus Douglass 1902
†Protoreodon minor Scott 1899
†Protoreodon pacificus Golz 1976
†Protoreodon parvus Scott and Osborn 1887
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Invalid names: Agriotherium paradoxicus Scott 1898 [synonym], Hyomeryx breviceps Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Protoreodon petersoni Gazin 1955
†Protoreodon pumilus Marsh 1875
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Invalid names: Mesagriochoerus primus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus annectens Scott 1899 [synonym], Protoreodon medius Peterson 1919 [synonym], Protoreodon tardus Scott 1945 [synonym]
†Protoreodon walshi Theodor 1999
Invalid names: Agriotherium Scott 1898 [synonym], Chorotherium Berg 1899 [synonym], Hyomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Mesagriochoerus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus Scott 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriochoerinae Cope 1884 [empty], Protoreodontinae Scott 1890 [empty]
Fm. †Andegamerycidae Ginsburg and Morales 1989
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G. †Andegameryx Ginsburg 1971
G. †Delahomeryx Stevens et al. 1969
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†Delahomeryx browni Stevens et al. 1969
G. †Krabitherium Métais et al. 2007
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†Krabitherium waileki Métais et al. 2007
G. †Merycotherium Bojanus 1834
G. †Mosaicomeryx Mennecart and Métais 2015
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†Mosaicomeryx quercyi Jehenne 1987
G. †Paalitherium Métais et al. 2017
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†Paalitherium gurki Métais et al. 2017
G. †Palaeohypsodontus Trofimov 1958
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†Palaeohypsodontus asiaticus Trofimov 1958
†Palaeohypsodontus zinensis Métais et al. 2003
Unr. Pecora Linnaeus 1758
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Fm. Antilocapridae Gray 1866 [pronghorn]
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G. Antilocapra Ord 1818 [pronghorn]
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Antilocapra americana Ord 1815 [pronghorn]
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Invalid names: Neomeryx finni Parks 1925 [synonym]
†Antilocapra pacifica Richards and McCrossin 1991
Subfm. †Antilocaprinae Gray 1866
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G. †Capromeryx Matthew 1902
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Invalid names: Breameryx Furlong Eustace 1946 [synonym], Dorcameryx [synonym]
G. †Ceratomeryx Gazin 1935
G. †Hexobelomeryx Furlong 1941
G. †Osbornoceros Frick 1937
G. †Ottoceros Miller and Downs 1974
G. †Proantilocapra Barbour and Schultz 1934
G. †Sphenophalos Merriam 1909
Tr. †Stockoceratini Frick 1937
G. †Tetrameryx Lull 1921
G. †Hayoceros Skinner 1942
+
†Hayoceros barbouri Skinner 1942
†Hayoceros falkenbachi Frick 1937
G. †Hexameryx White 1941
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†Hexameryx simpsoni White 1941
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Invalid names: Hexameryx elmorei White 1942 [synonym]
G. †Ilingoceros Merriam 1909
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†Ilingoceros alexandrae Merriam 1909
†Ilingoceros schizoceras Merriam 1911
G. †Merriamoceros Frick 1937
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†Merriamoceros coronatus Merriam 1913
Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
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G. †Cosoryx Leidy 1869
G. †Ramoceros Frick 1937
G. †Merycodus Leidy 1854
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†Merycodus crucensis Frick 1937
†Merycodus hookwayi Furlong 1934
†Merycodus joraki Frick 1937
†Merycodus major Frick 1937
†Merycodus minimus Frick 1937
†Merycodus minor Frick 1937
†Merycodus necatus Leidy 1854
†Merycodus sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
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Invalid names: Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) savaronis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Merycodus tehuanus Cope 1877
†Merycodus warreni Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Meryceros nenzelensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicrocerus Cope 1875 [synonym], Meryceros Frick 1937 [synonym], Merycodus prodromus Cook 1934 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paracosoryx Frick 1937
+
†Paracosoryx alticornis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx dawesensis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx furlongi Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx loxoceros Furlong 1934
†Paracosoryx nevadensis Merriam 1911
†Paracosoryx wilsoni Frick 1937
G. †Plioceros Frick 1937
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†Plioceros blicki Frick 1937
†Plioceros dehlini Frick 1937
†Plioceros floblairi Frick 1937
G. †Submeryceros Frick 1937
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†Submeryceros crucianus Frick 1937
G. †Texoceros Frick 1937
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†Texoceros altidens Matthew 1924
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Invalid names: Capromeryx texanus Hesse 1935 [synonym], Dorcameryx optimae Reed and Longnecker 1928 [synonym]
†Texoceros edensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros guymonensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros minorei Frick 1937
†Texoceros vaughani Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosorycinae Frick 1937 [empty], Ramocerotinae Frick 1937 [empty]
G. †Babameryx Mennecart et al. 2012
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†Babameryx engesseri Mennecart et al. 2012
Superfm. Bovoidea Gray 1821
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G. †Amphimoschus Gray 1852
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†Amphimoschus ponteleviensis Bourgeois 1873
†Amphimoschus xishuiensis Li et al. 2022
Fm. Bovidae Gray 1821 [antelope]
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G. †Alephis Gromolard 1980
Subfm. Antilopinae Gray 1821
G. †Antilospira Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
Subfm. Bovinae Gray 1821
G. †Brabovus Gentry 1987
G. †Cambayella Pilgrim 1939
Subfm. Caprinae Gray 1821
G. †Criotherium Forsyth Major 1891
G. †Deperetia Schaub 1923
G. †Dorcadoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Dorcadoxa Pilgrim 1939
G. †Dystychoceras Kretzoi 1941
G. †Dytikodorcas Bouvrain and de Bonis 2007
G. †Eosyncerus Vekua 1972
G. †Euceratherium Furlong and Sinclair 1904 [shrub-ox]
+
Invalid names: Aftonius Hay 1913 [synonym], Preptoceras Furlong 1905 [synonym]
G. †Gallogoral Guérin 1865
G. †Gangraia Kostopoloulos 2021
G. †Gazellospira Pilgrim and Schaub 1939
G. †Gentrytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Gobiocerus Sokolov 1952
G. †Grevenobos Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
G. †Hanhaicerus Huang 1985
G. †Helicoportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Helicotragus Palmer 1903
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Invalid names: Helicophora Weithofer 1889 [replaced]
G. †Hemibos Falconer 1865
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Invalid names: Amphibos Falconer and Cautley 1868 [synonym], Peribos Lydekker 1878 [synonym], Probubalus Rütimeyer [objective synonym]
G. †Hemistrepsiceros Pilgrim and Hopwood 1928
G. †Hesperidoceras Crusafont Pairo 1965
G. †Hezhengia Qiu et al. 2000
Subfm. †Hypsodontinae Köhler 1987
G. †Kabulicornis Heintz and Thomas 1981
G. †Kobikeryx Pilgrim 1939
G. †Kubanotragus Gabunia 1973
G. †Leptobos Rutimeyer 1878
G. †Leptotragus Bohlin 1936
G. †Linxiatragus Wang et al. 2023
G. †Liops Gidley 1906
G. †Lyrocerus Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Majoreas Kostopoulos 2004
G. †Megalovis Schaub 1924
G. †Mesembriacerus Bouvrain 1975
G. †Mesembriportax Gentry 1974
G. †Microtragus Andres 1926
G. †Namacerus Morales et al. 2003
G. Nesotragus von Duben 1846
G. †Nisidorcas Bouvrain 1979
Tr. †Oiocerini Pilgrim 1934
G. †Olonbulukia Bohlin 1937
G. †Oreonager Pomel 1895
G. †Orygotherium von Meyer 1838
G. †Pachygazella Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
G. †Pachyportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Pachytragus Schlosser 1904
G. †Palaeoreas Gaudry 1861
G. †Palaeoryx Gaudry 1861
G. †Paraprotoryx Bohlin 1935
G. †Paratragocerus Sokolov 1949
G. †Parurmiatherium Sickenberg 1932
G. †Perimia Pilgrim 1939
G. †Platybos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Pliotragus Kretzoi 1941
+
Invalid names: Hesperoceras Villalta and Crusafont Pairó 1956 [synonym]
G. †Praeovibos Staudinger 1908
G. †Proamphibos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Procamptoceras Schaub 1923
G. †Procobus Khomenko 1913
G. †Prodamaliscus Schlosser 1904
G. †Proleptobos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Prosinotragus Bohlin 1935
G. †Prostrepsiceros Forsyth Major 1891
G. †Protoryx Forsyth Major 1891
G. †Protragelaphus Dames 1883
G. †Pseudobos Schlosser 1903
G. †Pseudoeotragus van der Made 1989
G. †Pseudotragus Schlosser 1904
G. †Pultiphagonides Hopwood 1934
G. †Qurliqnoria Bohlin 1937
G. Rhynchotragus Neumann 1905 [bontebok]
G. †Rhynotragus Reck 1925
G. †Ruticeros Pilgrim 1939
G. †Samokeros Solounias 1981
G. †Selenoportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Shensispira Chiu et al. 1979
G. †Sinoreas Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinotragus Bohlin 1935
G. †Sivacapra Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivaceros Pilgrim 1937
G. †Sivaportax Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivatragus Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivoryx Pilgrim 1939
G. †Skoufotragus Kostopoulos 2009
G. †Soergelia Schaub 1951
G. †Spirocerus Boule and Teilhard de Jardin 1928
G. †Sporadotragus Kretzoi 1968
G. †Strepsiportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Strogulognathus Filhol 1890
G. †Tchaltacerus Bouvrain 1998
G. †Tethytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Toribos
G. †Torticornis Dmitrieva 1977
G. †Tossunnoria Bohlin 1937
G. †Tragocerus Gaudry 1861
G. †Tragoreas Schlosser 1908
G. †Tragospira Kretzoi 1954
G. †Tsaidamotherium Bohlin 1935
G. †Turritragus Abbazzi et al. 2008
Subfm. †Urmiatheriinae Sickenberg 1933
G. †Wellsiana Vrba 1987
Invalid names: Antilopina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Camelopardalina Gray 1825 [empty], Capra depressa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Capra reversa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Caprina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippotraginae Sundevall 1845 [empty], Peleinae Gray 1872 [empty], Tragelaphinae Jerdon 1874 [empty]
Fm. Moschidae Gray 1821 [musk deer]
+
G. †Bedenomeryx Jehenne 1988
Subfm. †Blastomerycinae Frick 1937
G. †Dremotherium Geoffroy 1833
G. †Friburgomeryx Becker et al. 2001
G. †Hispanomeryx Morales et al. 1981
G. †Hydropotopsis Jehenne 1991
Subfm. Moschinae Gray 1821
G. †Oriomeryx Ginsburg 1985
G. †Pomelomeryx Ginsburg and Morales 1989
G. †Bugtimeryx Ginsburg et al. 2001
Fm. Camelopardalidae Bonaparte 1850
+
Invalid names: Sivatheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Superfm. †Cervoidea
+
G. †Amphiprox Kaup 1839
G. †Boreameryx Dawson and Harington 2007
+
†Boreameryx braskerudi Dawson and Harington 2007
Fm. Cervidae Gray 1821 [deer]
+
G. †Agalmaceros Hoffstetter 1952
Subfm. Alcinae Jerdon 1874
G. †Anoglochis Croizet and Jobert 1826
G. †Bretzia Fry and Gustafson 1974
Subfm. Capreolinae Brookes 1828
G. †Cervalces Scott 1885 [stag moose]
G. †Cervavitulus Kretzoi 1951
Tr. Cervina Gray 1825
Subfm. Cervinae Goldfuss 1820
G. †Cervodama Pidoplichko and Flerov 1952
G. †Charitoceros Hoffstetter 1963
G. †Eocoileus Webb 2000
G. †Euctenoceros Trouessart 1898
G. †Eumeryx Matthew and Granger 1924
G. †Furcifer Wagner 1844
G. †Lucentia Azanza and Montoya 1995
G. †Metacervulus Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1937
Tr. Moschina Gray 1825
G. †Nemomeryx Morea 1981
G. †Palaeoplatyceros Hernandez-Pacheco 1913
G. †Paracervulus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
G. †Praemegaceros Portis 1920
+
Invalid names: Allocaenelaphus Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Praerangifer Portis 1920 [synonym], Psecupsoceros Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Tamanalces Vereshchagin 1957 [synonym]
G. Pseudaxis Gray 1872
Invalid names: Cervulinae [empty], Cervus guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Plesiometacarpalia [empty], Pliocervinae Symeonidis 1974 [empty], Sangamona Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Sangamona fugitiva Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Surameryx Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Dromomerycidae Frick 1937
+
Tr. †Cranioceratini Frick 1937
Tr. †Dromomerycini Frick 1937
Fm. Lagomerycidae Pilgrim 1941
+
Tr. Dicrocerini Simpson 1945
Tr. Lagomerycini Pilgrim 1941
G. †Ligeromeryx Azanza and Ginsburg 1997
G. †Paradicrocerus Gabunia 1959
G. †Stephanocemas Colbert 1936
+
Invalid names: Stephanoceras Colbert 1936 [replaced]
Superfm. Giraffomorpha Sánchez et al. 2015
+
Fm. Giraffidae Gray 1821 [giraffe]
+
G. †Alcicephalus Rodler and Wiethofer 1890
G. †Birgerbohlinia Crusafont Pairó and Villalta 1951
G. †Bohlinia Matthew 1929
G. †Bramiscus Ríos et al. 2024
Subfm. †Canthumerycinae Hamilton 1978
G. †Decennatherium Crusafont Pairo 1952
G. †Georgiomeryx Paraskevaidis 1940
Subfm. †Giraffokerycinae Solounias 2007
G. †Helladotherium Gaudry 1860
G. †Honanotherium Bohlin 1926
G. †Lyrakeryx Rios and Solounias 2025
+
Invalid names: Lyra Rios and Solounias 2024 [replaced]
Subfm. †Okapiinae Bohlin 1926
G. †Palaeogiraffa Bonis and Bouvrain 2003
Tr. †Palaeotragini Pilgrim 1911
G. †Palaeotragus Gaudry 1861
+
Invalid names: Achtiaria Borissiak 1914 [synonym]
G. †Progiraffa Pilgrim 1908
G. †Propalaeomeryx Lydekker 1883
G. †Schansitherium Kilgus 1922
Subfm. †Sivatheriinae Zittel 1893
G. †Umbrotherium Hurzeler and Engesser 1976
G. †Vishnutherium Lydekker 1876
Invalid names: Bohlininae Solounias 2007 [empty], Giraffinae [empty], Sivatheriini Zittel 1893 [empty]
Fm. †Palaeomerycidae Lydekker 1883
+
Subfm. †Aletomerycinae Frick 1937
G. †Amphitragulus Pomel 1847
G. †Germanomeryx Rössner 2010
G. †Heterocemas Young 1937
Subfm. †Palaeomerycinae Lydekker 1883
G. †Palaeomeryx von Meyer 1834
+
Invalid names: Sinomeryx Duranthon et al. 1995 [synonym]
G. †Procervulus Gaudry 1877
G. †Xenokeryx Sánchez et al. 2015
Fm. †Leptomerycidae Zittel 1893
+
G. †Hendryomeryx Black 1978
+
†Hendryomeryx defordi Wilson 1974
+
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium transpecoensis Wilson 1974 [synonym]
†Hendryomeryx wilsoni Black 1978
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium Wilson 1974 [synonym]
G. †Leptomeryx Leidy 1853
+
†Leptomeryx antecedens Cook 1934
†Leptomeryx blacki Stock 1949
†Leptomeryx esulcatus Cope 1889
+
Invalid names: Leptomeryx drummondanus Matthew 1926 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853
+
Invalid names: Leptomeryx lenis Cook 1934 [synonym], Trimerodus cedrensis Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx exilis Cook 1934
+
Invalid names: Leptomeryx minimus Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx mammifer Cope 1885
+
Invalid names: Leptomeryx agatensis Cook 1934 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Hypertragulus transversus Cope 1889 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx significans Russell 1954
†Leptomeryx speciosus Lambe 1908
†Leptomeryx yoderi Schlaikjer 1935
Invalid names: Trimerodus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Pipestoneia Tabrum and Métais 2007
+
†Pipestoneia douglassi Tabrum and Métais 2007
G. †Pronodens Koerner 1940
+
†Pronodens silberlingi Koerner 1940
†Pronodens transmontanus Douglass 1903
G. †Santuccimeryx Shreero et al. 2023 [tiny deer]
+
†Santuccimeryx elissae Korth and Diamond 2002
G. †Namibiomeryx Morales 1995
+
†Namibiomeryx senuti Morales 1995
G. †Orangemeryx Morales et al. 1999
+
†Orangemeryx hendeyi Morales et al. 1999
G. †Propalaeoryx Stromer 1926
+
†Propalaeoryx nyanzae Whitworth 1958
G. †Sperrgebietomeryx Morales et al. 1999
+
†Sperrgebietomeryx wardi Morales et al. 1999
G. †Walangania Whitworth 1958
+
†Walangania africanus Whitworth 1958
†Walangania gracilis Whitworth 1958
Invalid names: Prodremotheridae Guo et al. 1999 [empty]
G. †Prodremotherium Filhol 1877
+
†Prodremotherium beatrix Pilgrim 1912
†Prodremotherium flerowi Trofimov 1957
†Prodremotherium trepidum Gabunia 1964
G. †Sanitherium von Meyer 1866
+
†Sanitherium cingulatum Pilgrim 1926
†Sanitherium masticum Paraskevaidis 1940
†Sanitherium nadiurum Wilkinson 1976
†Sanitherium schlagintweiti von Meyer 1866
+
Invalid names: Sus pusillus Falconer 1868 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diamantohyus Stromer 1926 [synonym], Xenochoerus Zdarsky 1909 [synonym]
G. †Thandaungia Métais 2006
+
†Thandaungia tinti Métais 2006
Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883
+
Superfm. †Hypertraguloidea Scott 1940
+
Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
+
G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874
+
Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922
Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty]
+
G. †Hypisodus Cope 1873
Fm. †Praetragulidae Vislobokova 2001
+
G. †Parvitragulus Emry 1978
G. †Praetragulus Vislobokova 1998
G. †Simimeryx Stock 1934
Superfm. †Traguloidea
+
Fm. †Archaeomerycidae Simpson 1945
+
G. †Archaeomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Irrawadymeryx Métais et al. 2007
G. †Miomeryx Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Notomeryx Qiu 1978
G. †Paukkaungmeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. †Xinjiangmeryx Zheng 1978
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
+
G. †Bachitherium Filhol 1882
G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855
+
Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]
G. †Gobiomeryx Trofimov 1957
G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902
G. †Phaneromeryx Schlosser 1886
Subfm. †Pseudoceratinae Frick 1937
G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902
G. †Pseudomeryx Trofimov 1957
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987
+
G. †Indomeryx Pilgrim 1928
G. †Lophiomeryx Pomel 1853
G. †Nalameryx Métais et al. 2009
G. †Zhailimeryx Guo et al. 2000
Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]
+
G. †Afrotragulus Sánchez et al. 2010
G. †Archaeotragulus Metais et al. 2001
G. †Cryptomeryx Schlosser 1886
G. †Dorcabune Pilgrim 1910
G. †Dorcatherium Kaup 1839
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
G. †Iberomeryx Gabunia 1964
G. †Krabimeryx Metais et al. 2001
G. †Siamotragulus Thomas et al. 1990
G. †Stenomeryx Ducrocq et al. 2020
G. Tragulus Brisson 1762 [mouse deer]
+
Invalid names: Meminna Gray 1836 [synonym]
G. †Yunnanotherium Han 1986
Invalid names: Anoplotheriadae Gray 1821 [empty], Giraffoidea Gray 1821 [empty], Hispanomerycidae Moya 1986 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 39.7 Ma

Collections (4405 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Mongolia (South Gobi Aimag) Bovidae indet. (137861)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Shanxi) Zhailimeryx jingweni (41116)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Spain (Aragon) Amphitragulus sp. (39017)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71USA (Oregon) Diplobunops sp. (16842)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) Lophiomeryx angarae, Lophiomeryx zongi (241728)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Nei Mongol) Archaeomeryx optatus (174962) Archaeomeryx sp. (28786)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Jiangsu) Archaeomeryx sp. (37493)
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) Protoreodon sp. (186888) Protoreodon sp., Leptotragulus sp. (109203)
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Texas) Leptoreodon marshi (16651) Leptoreodon pusillus (16586)
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (California) Leptoreodon major (16667 16669 16671 16674 16680 16682 16686 16687 16710 16762) Leptoreodon marshi (16706) Leptoreodon pusillus (16694) Leptoreodon sp. (16668) Protoreodon parvus (16692) Protoreodon parvus, Leptoreodon marshi (16666) Protoreodon parvus, Leptoreodon marshi, Leptoreodon major (16665 16676) Protoreodon parvus, Leptotragulinae indet. (16675 16695) Protoreodon sp. (16691 16693)
Early/Lower Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Colorado) Agriochoeridae indet., Protoreodon sp. (16623)
Late/Upper Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (California) Leptoreodon leptolophus (16553 16554) Leptoreodon sp. (167831) Leptoreodon sp., Protoreodon sp. (16780) Protoreodon walshi, Leptoreodon sp. (16585)
Late/Upper Uintan45.9 - 39.7Canada (Saskatchewan) Leptoreodon sp. (16627) Protoreodon pumilus, Leptoreodon marshi (16626)
Late/Upper Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Texas) Protoreodon petersoni, Protoreodon parvus, Leptoreodon leptolophus, Leptoreodon pusillus, Toromeryx marginensis (16542) Protoreodon sp., Protoreodon petersoni, Protoreodon pumilus, Leptoreodon sp., Leptoreodon edwardsi, Leptoreodon major (16614)
Late/Upper Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Montana) Agriochoeridae indet., Leptoreodon marshi (16551) Protoreodon pearcei, Protoreodon sp., Protoreodon pumilus, Leptotragulinae indet. (16584)
Late/Upper Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Utah) Protoreodon sp. (109166)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (California) Leptoreodon edwardsi (16787) Leptoreodon leptolophus (16636) Leptoreodon leptolophus, Leptoreodon pusillus, Protoreodon annectens (16590) Leptoreodon pusillus, Leptoreodon stocki (16795) Leptoreodon sp. (16785) Leptoreodon sp., Protoreodon sp. (16547) Leptoreodon stocki (16792) Protoreodon annectens, Leptoreodon stocki (16789) Protoreodon pumilus (16591) Protoreodon pumilus, Leptoreodon leptolophus (16790) Protoreodon pumilus, Leptoreodon stocki (16791 16793) Protoreodon pumilus, Protoceratidae indet. (16611) Protoreodon sp. (16603) Protoreodon sp., Leptoreodon leptolophus (16613) Protoreodon sp., Leptoreodon sp. (16814) Protoreodon walshi, Leptoreodon sp. (16615) Simimeryx hudsoni (16610) Simimeryx sp., Protoreodon pumilus, Leptoreodon edwardsi (16786)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Texas) Leptoreodon major (16652) Leptoreodon marshi (16538) Leptoreodon pusillus (16587 16599) Protoreodon petersoni (16537) Protoreodon petersoni, Leptoreodon leptolophus (16535) Protoreodon petersoni, Protoreodon pumilus (16546) Protoreodon petersoni, Protoreodon pumilus, Hendryomeryx wilsoni, Leptoreodon edwardsi (16624) Protoreodon petersoni, Protoreodon pumilus, Toromeryx marginensis (16534) Protoreodon pumilus (16536)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Wyoming) Leptotragulus clarki (16521) Leptotragulus medius (16552) Poabromylus golzi, Leptoreodon sp. (16518) Protoreodon parvus (16523) Protoreodon petersoni, Leptotragulus medius, Leptoreodon sp., Diplobunops matthewi (16513 16517) Protoreodon pumilus (16522 16524 16644 16645) Protoreodon tardus (16525)
Uintan45.9 - 39.7USA (Montana) Protoreodon pearcei (16532)