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Discussion
According to Everrett et al. 2023, Pan-Pinnipedia is formally tied to the pinniped total-clade, encompassing all taxa more closely related to Pinnipedia than to Ursidae or Musteloidea. Two enigmatic otter-like (and, significantly, flipper-less) taxa, Potamotherium spp. and Puijila darwini, have been interpreted as basal pan-pinnipeds based on basicranial similarities but are not members of Pinnipedimorpha.
Taxonomy
Panpinnipedia was named by Wolsan et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Arctoidea by Everett et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Arctoidea by Everett et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2020 | Panpinnipedia Wolsan et al. |
| 2023 | Panpinnipedia Everett et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Panpinnipedia Wolsan et al. 2020
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Unr. Pinnipedimorpha Berta et al. 1989 [pinniped]
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G. †Enaliarctos Mitchell and Tedford 1973
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†Enaliarctos barnesi Berta 1991
†Enaliarctos emlongi Berta 1991
†Enaliarctos mealsi Mitchell and Tedford 1973
†Enaliarctos mitchelli Barnes 1979
†Enaliarctos tedfordi Berta 1991
G. †Pinnarctidion Barnes 1979
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†Pinnarctidion bishopi Barnes 1979
†Pinnarctidion iverseni Everett et al. 2023
†Pinnarctidion rayi Berta 1994
Unr. Pinnipedia Illiger 1811 [pinniped]
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Fm. †Desmatophocidae Hay 1930
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Subfm. †Allodesminae Kellogg 1931
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G. †Allodesmus Kellogg 1922
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Invalid names: Brachyallodesmus Barnes and Hirota 1995 [synonym], Megagomphos Barnes and Hirota 1995 [synonym]
G. †Atopotarus Downs 1956
G. †Desmatophoca Condon 1906
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†Desmatophoca brachycephala Barnes 1987
†Desmatophoca oregonensis Condon 1906
Invalid names: Desmatophocinae Mitchell 1966 [empty]
Fm. Odobenidae Allen 1880 [walrus]
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G. †Nanodobenus Velez and Salinas-Márquez 2018
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†Nanodobenus arandai Velez and Salinas-Márquez 2018
Subfm. Odobeninae Allen 1880
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G. †Aivukus Repenning and Tedford 1977
Tr. Odobenini Allen 1880
G. †Pliopedia Kellogg 1921
G. †Protodobenus Horikawa 1995
G. †Pontolis True 1905
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†Pontolis barroni Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis kohnoi Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis magnus True 1907
Invalid names: Pontoleon True 1907 [synonym]
G. †Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa 1984
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†Prototaria planicephala Kohno 1994
†Prototaria primigena Takeyama and Ozawa 1984
Invalid names: Rosmaridae Gill 1866 [synonym]
Superfm. Otarioidea Gray 1825
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Subfm. †Imagotariinae Mitchell 1968
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Invalid names: Kamtschararctinae Dubrovo 1981 [synonym], Kamtschatarctinae Dubrovo 1981 [synonym]
Fm. Otariidae Gray 1825 [eared seal]
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G. Arctocephalus Cuvier 1826 [fur seal]
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Invalid names: Arctophoca Peters 1866 [synonym], Halarctos Gill 1866 [synonym]
G. †Eotaria Boessenecker and Churchill 2015
G. Eumetopias Gill 1866 [Steller sea lion]
G. †Hydrarctos Muizon 1978
G. Neophoca Gray 1866 [Australian sea lion]
G. †Oriensarctos Mitchell 1968
G. Otaria Peron 1816 [sea lion]
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Invalid names: Otoes Fischer 1817 [synonym], Platyrhynchus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Pontoleo Gloger 1841 [synonym]
Subfm. Otariinae Gray 1825
G. Phocarctos Gray 1844 [New Zealand sea lion]
G. †Pithanotaria Kellogg 1925
G. †Proterozetes Barnes et al. 2006
G. †Thalassoleon Repenning and Tedford 1977
G. Zalophus Gill 1866 [California sea lion]
Invalid names: Arctocephalinae Scheffer and Rice 1963 [empty], Callorhinae Muizon 1978 [invalid subgroup], Callorhinina Gray 1871 [invalid subgroup], Eumetopiina Gray 1871 [empty], Otaria oudriana Delfortrie 1872 [nomen dubium], Zalophina Gray 1871 [empty]
Fm. Phocidae Gray 1821 [seal]
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Subfm. Monachinae Trouessart 1897
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G. †Acrophoca Muizon 1981
G. †Afrophoca Koretsky and Domning 2014
G. †Australophoca Valenzuela-Toro et al. 2016
G. †Hadrokirus Amson and Muizon 2013
G. †Homiphoca Muizon and Hendey 1980
G. Leptonychotes Gill 1872 [Weddell seal]
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Invalid names: Leptonyx Gray 1837 [synonym], Peocilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym], Poecilophoca Lydekker 1891 [synonym]
G. Lobodon Gray 1844 [crabeater seal]
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Invalid names: Leptorhynchus Gray 1844 [synonym], Ogmorhinus Turner 1888 [synonym]
Tr. †Lobodontini Gray 1869
G. †Magnotherium Rahmat et al. 2021
G. Mirounga Gray 1827 [elephant seal]
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Invalid names: Macrorhinus Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Macrorhyna Gray 1827 [synonym], Physorhinus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Rhinophoca Wagler 1830 [synonym]
Tr. Monachini Trouessart 1904
G. Monachus Flemming 1822 [monk seal]
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Invalid names: Heliophoca Gray 1854 [synonym], Mammonachus Herrera 1899 [synonym], Pelagios Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Pelagocyon Gloger 1842 [synonym]
G. †Monotherium Van Beneden 1876
G. Neomonachus Scheel et al. 2014 [Hawaiian monk seal]
G. †Noriphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
G. Ommatophoca Gray 1844 [Ross seal]
G. †Piscophoca Muizon 1981
G. †Pliophoca Tavani 1941
G. †Pontophoca Kretzoi 1941
G. †Sarcodectes Rule et al. 2020
Invalid names: Miroungini Muizon 1981 [empty]
Subfm. Phocinae Gray 1821 [seal]
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G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]
G. Erignathus Gill 1866 [bearded seal]
G. Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 [grey seal]
G. Histriophoca Gill 1873 [ribbon seal]
G. †Kawas Cozzuol 2001
G. †Leptophoca True 1906
G. †Nanophoca Dewaele et al. 2017
G. †Necromites Bogachev 1940
G. Pagophilus Gray 1844 [harp seal]
G. Phoca Linnaeus 1758 [seal]
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Invalid names: Arctias Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Callocephalus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Caspiopusa Dybowski 1929 [synonym], Halicyon Gray 1864 [synonym], Haliphilus Gray 1866 [synonym], Pagomys Gray 1860 [synonym], Pagophoca Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
Tr. Phocini Gray 1821
G. †Praepusa Kretzoi 1941
G. Pusa Scopoli 1777 [Arctic seal]
Invalid names: Cystophorini Gray 1866 [empty], Erignathini Chapski 1955 [empty]
Invalid names: Auroraphoca Dewaele et al. 2018 [nomen dubium], Auroraphoca atlantica Dewaele et al. 2018 [nomen dubium], Batavipusa Koretsky and Peters 2008 [nomen dubium], Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky and Peters 2008 [nomen dubium], Callophoca Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Callophoca obscura Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray 1994 [nomen dubium], Cryptophoca maeotica Nordmann 1860 [nomen dubium], Cystophorinae Gray 1866 [empty], Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. 2018 [nomen dubium], Frisiphoca aberratum Vanden Broeck 1874 [nomen dubium], Frisiphoca affine Vanden Broeck 1874 [nomen dubium], Gryphoca Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Gryphoca similis Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Halichoerina Gray 1871 [empty], Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. 2012 [nomen dubium], Manatus maeoticus Eichwald 1850 [invalid subgroup], Mesotaria Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Mesotaria ambigua Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Miophoca Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Miophoca vetusta Zapfe 1937 [nomen dubium], Monachina Gray 1871 [empty], Monachopsis Kretzoi 1941 [nomen dubium], Monachopsis pontica Eichwald 1850 [nomen dubium], Monotherium delognii Vanden Broeck 1874 [nomen dubium], Ogmorhininae Turner 1888 [empty], Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat 2013 [nomen dubium], Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat 2013 [nomen dubium], Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat 2013 [nomen dubium], Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko 2022 [nomen dubium], Paleophoca nystii Van Beneden 1859 [nomen dubium], Palmidophoca Ginsburg and Janvier 1975 [nomen dubium], Palmidophoca callirhoe Ginsburg and Janvier 1975 [nomen dubium], Phoca ambigua Staring 1860 [invalid subgroup], Phoca bessarabica Simonescu 1925 [nomen dubium], Phoca moori Newton 1890 [nomen dubium], Phoca novorossica Alekseev 1924 [invalid subgroup], Phoca sarmatica Alekseev 1924 [nomen dubium], Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville 1842 [invalid subgroup], Phocanella Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Phocanella pumila Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Platyphoca Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Pontophoca jutlandica Koretsky et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. 2015 [nomen dubium], Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky 2003 [nomen dubium], Praepusa vindobonensis Toula 1897 [nomen dubium], Pristiphoca Gervais 1853 [nomen dubium], Pristiphoca occitana Gervais and de Serres 1847 [nomen nudum], Prophoca Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Prophoca rousseaui Van Beneden 1876 [nomen dubium], Sarmatonectes Koretsky 2001 [nomen dubium], Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky 2001 [nomen dubium], Seronectes Hafed et al. 2024 [nomen dubium], Seronectes meherrinensis Hafed et al. 2024 [nomen dubium], Stenorhynchina Gray 1825 [empty], Terranectes Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes magnus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Terranectes parvus Rahmat et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Virginiaphoca Dewaele et al. 2018 [nomen dubium], Virginiaphoca magurai Dewaele et al. 2018 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Cystophoridae Gray 1866 [empty], Panotariidae Velez-Juarbe 2017 [empty], Squalodon modesta Leidy 1869 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pteronarctos Barnes 1989
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Invalid names: Enaliarctidae Tedford 1976 [empty], Phocomorpha [empty], Pinnipediformes Berta 1994 [empty]
G. †Potamotherium Geoffroy 1833
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†Potamotherium miocenicum Peters 1868
†Potamotherium vallentoni Geoffroy-Saint-Hillaire 1833
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1999 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MP 28 to the top of the Holocene or 28.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma
Collections (1265 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Phocidae indet. (58985) | |
| MP 28 | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Potamotherium vallentoni (71942) | |
| Chattian | France | Palaeotaria henriettae (81667) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Enaliarctidae indet., Pinnipedia indet., Enaliarctos mealsi, Pinnarctidion bishopi (11601) Phocidae indet., Otariidae indet., Allodesmus kernensis (58148) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | Pinnarctidion iverseni, Pinnipedia indet. (191171) | |
| Chattian | USA (Oregon) | Enaliarctos emlongi, Enaliarctos barnesi (58995) Enaliarctos tedfordi (45782 45788) | |
| Chattian | Kazakhstan | Pinnipedia indet. (13096) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Phocidae indet. (58984) | |
| MN 1 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Potamotherium vallentoni (69617) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Oregon) | Enaliarctos mitchelli (59056) | |
| Aquitanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Puijila darwini (21371) | |
| Aquitanian | Italy (Abruzzo) | Phoca gaudini (153678) | |
| Aquitanian | Argentina (Chubut) | Phocidae indet. (142513) | |
| Aquitanian | Hungary (Esztergom) | Potamotherium valletoni (186636) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (California) | Enaliarctos mealsi (58899) Enaliarctos mitchelli, Pinnarctidion bishopi (19485) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Washington) | Desmatophoca brachycephala (59066) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Ukraine | Phoca sp. (75068) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | Pinnipedia indet. (91374) | |
| Miocene | Germany | Monotherium sp. (102175) | |
| Miocene | France | Pristiphoca occitana (148403) | |