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Cycadophyta
Taxonomy
Cycadophyta was named by Bessey (1907) [Lapasha and Miller 1985 ranked this as a division.]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Cycadophytanae by Doweld (2001); and to Embryophyta by Taylor et al. (2008).
It was assigned to Cycadophytanae by Doweld (2001); and to Embryophyta by Taylor et al. (2008).
Subtaxa
Acozamites, Aldania, Almargemia, Amphibennetites, Androlepis, Antherangiopsis, Bennettitacearum, Bernettia, Bjuvia, Blastolepis, Bolbopodium, Bucklandiopsis, Campylophyllum, Clathropodium, Cloughtonia, Colymbetes, Crossozamia, Ctenidium, Ctenopteris, Cycadangium, Cycadea, Cycadeacites, Cycadeocarpus, Cycadeomyelon, Cycadeorachis, Cycadeostrobus, Cycadinocarpus, Cycadites, Cycadocaulum, Cycadocephalus, Cycadofilix, Cycadophycos, Cycadophyllum, Cycadopites, Cycadopsida, Cycadopsis, Cycadopteris, Cycadorachis, Cycadoxylon, Cyclozamia, Cylindropodium, Dioonitocarpidium, Doratophyllum, Encephalartites, Endogenites, Eurycycadolepis, Fittonia, Guilliera, Harringtonia, Hisingera, Jacutiella, Jensensispermum, Jirusia, Laconiella, Lepidanthium, Leptopterophyllum, Lunzia, Macropterygium, Macrotaeniopteris, Macrotorellia, Megalozamia, Morrisia, Navajoia, Novoguineoxylon, Ontheodendron (syn. Cycadophytites), Pachytestopsida, Palaeocycas, Phasmatocycadopsida, Plagiozamiopsis, Plagiozamites, Platylepis, Polypodiolites, Pramelreuthia, Pseudopterophyllum, Pseudoptilophyllum, Pteronilssonia, Pterozamites, Ptychoxylon, Quervainia, Russellites, Schizopodium, Sedgwickia, Sewardia (syn. Withamia), Sinoctenis, Taeniophyllum, Taeniopteridium, Tessellaria, Westersheimia, Yatesia, Zamiophyllum
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1907 | Cycadophyta Bessey |
| 1928 | Navajoia Wieland |
| 2001 | Cycadophyta Doweld |
| 2008 | Cycadophyta Taylor et al. p. 1027 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Ph. Cycadophyta Bessey 1907
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G. †Aldania Samylina 1956
G. †Bennettitacearum Gothan 1914
G. †Bjuvia Florin 1933
+
†Bjuvia simplex Florin 1933
†Bjuvia thalensis Kustatscher and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert 2010
G. †Ctenopteris Saporta 1872
+
†Ctenopteris angustifolia Fontaine 1889
†Ctenopteris columbiensis Penhallow 1902
†Ctenopteris cycadea Brongniart 1872
†Ctenopteris insignis Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Ctenopteris minor Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Ctenopteris virginiensis Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Ctenopteris longifolia Fontaine 1889
†Ctenopteris punctata Sixtel 1962
G. †Cycadeomyelon Saporta 1875
+
†Cycadeomyelon hettangense Saporta 1875
†Cycadeomyelon yorkense Fontaine 1900
G. †Cycadeorachis Stopes 1915
G. †Cycadofilix Kuntze 1904
G. †Cycadopites Wodehouse 1933
+
†Cycadopites andrewsii Cornet and Traverse 1975
†Cycadopites carpentieri Singh 1964
†Cycadopites coxii Visscher 1966
†Cycadopites crassisulcatus Sah and Jain 1965
†Cycadopites dejerseyi Burger 1996
†Cycadopites deterius Pocock 1970
†Cycadopites dikjstrae Jansonius 1962
†Cycadopites follicularis Wilson and Webster 1946
†Cycadopites formosus Singh 1964
†Cycadopites fragilis Singh 1964
†Cycadopites glottus Wingate 1980
†Cycadopites gracilis Sah and Jain 1965
†Cycadopites granulatus de Jersey 1964
†Cycadopites minimus Singh 1964
†Cycadopites miocaenica Nagy 1969
†Cycadopites nitidus de Jersey 1964
†Cycadopites ovatus Rouse 1959
†Cycadopites punctatus Volkheimer 1968
†Cycadopites sakrigaliensis Sah and Jain 1965
†Cycadopites scabratus Stanley 1965
†Cycadopites stonei Helby 1987
Cl. Cycadopsida Brongniart 1843 [cycads]
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Or. Cycadales Dumortier 1829
+
G. †Anthrophyopsis Nathorst 1878
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†Anthrophyopsis crassinervis Nathorst 1878
†Anthrophyopsis decurrens Kimura and Kim 1989
†Anthrophyopsis miassica Vladimirovich 1958
†Anthrophyopsis naruensis Doludenko and Svanidze 1970
†Anthrophyopsis nilssoni Nathorst 1878
Fm. †Beaniaceae
+
G. †Androstrobus Schimper 1870
+
†Androstrobus major Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert 1968
†Androstrobus manis Harris 1941
†Androstrobus munku Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2004
†Androstrobus patagonicus Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2004
†Androstrobus rayen Archangelsky and Villar de Seoane 2004
†Androstrobus wonnacotti Harris 1941
†Androstrobus zamioides Schimper 1872
G. †Beania Carruthers 1869
+
†Beania carruthersi Nathorst 1902
†Beania gracilis Carruthers 1869
†Beania kochi Harris 1937
G. †Bucklandia Sternberg 1825
+
†Bucklandia anomala Sternberg 1825
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Invalid names: Clathraria anomala Stokes and Webb 1824 [objective synonym]
†Bucklandia dichotoma Sharma 1969
†Bucklandia guptae Sharma 1967
†Bucklandia sahnii Bose 1953
G. †Ctenozamites Nathorst 1886
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†Ctenozamites cycadea Brongniart 1886
†Ctenozamites kachchhensis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Ctenozamites surangei Sukh-Dev and Zeba-Bano 1981
Fm. Cycadaceae Persoon 1807
+
G. †Ctenophyllum Schimper 1870
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†Ctenophyllum angustifolium Fontaine 1896
†Ctenophyllum braunianum Göppert 1844
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Invalid names: Pterophyllum decussatum Emmons 1856 [synonym], Pterophyllum spatulatum Emmons 1857 [synonym], Pterozamites abbreviatus Braun 1843 [synonym], Pterozamites obtusifolius Rogers 1843 [synonym]
†Ctenophyllum densifolium Fontaine 1896
†Ctenophyllum giganteum Fontaine 1883
†Ctenophyllum grandifolium Fontaine 1883
†Ctenophyllum latifolium Fontaine 1889
†Ctenophyllum lineare Emmons 1857
†Ctenophyllum pachynerve Fontaine 1905
†Ctenophyllum taxinum Lindley and Hutton 1835
†Ctenophyllum truncatum Fontaine 1883
†Ctenophyllum wannerianum Fontaine 1900
†Ctenophyllum wardii Fontaine 1896
G. †Cycadinocarpus Schimper 1870
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†Cycadinocarpus chapini Newberry 1888
†Cycadinocarpus circularis Newberry 1895
†Cycadinocarpus keuperianus Schenk 1870
†Cycadinocarpus rajamahalensis Feistmantel 1877
G. †Cycadites Buckland 1836
+
†Cycadites acutus Emmons 1856
†Cycadites cutchensis Feistmantel 1876
†Cycadites megalophyllus Buckland 1836
†Cycadites pungens Lesquereux 1891
†Cycadites rajmahalensis Oldham 1863
+
Invalid names: Cycadites blanfordianus Oldham 1863 [synonym], Cycadites conferta Morris 1863 [synonym]
†Cycadites tenuinervis Fontaine 1883
†Cycadites unjiga Dawson 1882
†Cycadites wadianus Bose et al. 1983
G. †Dioonites Miquel 1851
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†Dioonites borealis Dawson 1882
†Dioonites buchianus Ettingshausen 1852
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Invalid names: Pterophyllum abietinum Göppert 1816 [synonym]
†Dioonites carnallianus Göppert 1843
†Dioonites columbianus Dawson 1873
†Dioonites dunkerianus Göppert 1843
†Dioonites feneonis Brongniart 1828
G. †Encephalartopsis Fontaine 1889
+
†Encephalartopsis nervosa Fontaine 1889
†Encephalartopsis oregonensis Fontaine 1905
G. †Glossozamites Schimper 1870
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†Glossozamites distans Fontaine 1889
†Glossozamites fontaineanus Ward 1899
†Glossozamites oblongifolius Kurr 1870
G. †Platypterygium Feistmantel 1886
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†Platypterygium densinerve Fontaine 1889
†Platypterygium rogersianum Fontaine 1889
G. †Sphenozamites Brongniart 1849
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†Sphenozamites beani Lindley and Hutton 1832
†Sphenozamites oblanceolatus Penhallow 1902
G. †Zamiopsis Fontaine 1889
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†Zamiopsis dentata Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Zamiopsis longipennis Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Zamiopsis pinnatifida Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Zamiopsis laciniata Fontaine 1889
†Zamiopsis petiolata Fontaine 1889
G. †Zamiostrobus Endlicher 1836
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†Zamiostrobus macrocephalus Endlicher 1836
†Zamiostrobus virginiensis Fontaine 1883
G. †Eucommiidites Erdtman 1948
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†Eucommiidites minor Groot and Penny 1961
†Eucommiidites stuartii Kemp 1970
†Eucommiidites troedsonii Potonié 1958
†Eucommiidites troedssonii Potonié 1958
G. †Fascisvarioxylon Jain 1964
+
†Fascisvarioxylon mehtae Jain 1964
†Fascisvarioxylon sahnii Gupta 1971
Invalid names: Sewardioxylon Gupta 1971 [synonym]
G. †Mesosingeria Archangelsky 1963
+
†Mesosingeria coriacea Archangelsky 1963
†Mesosingeria oblonga Villar de Seoane 2005
G. †Nilsonia Brongniart 1825
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†Nilsonia californica Fontaine 1894
†Nilsonia compta Phillips 1905
†Nilsonia lata Dawson 1882
†Nilsonia nigracollensis Wieland 1905
†Nilsonia nipponensis Yokoyama 1889
†Nilsonia oregonensis Fontaine 1905
†Nilsonia orientalis Heer 1878
†Nilsonia parvula Heer 1876
†Nilsonia pasaytensis Penhallow 1907
†Nilsonia polymorpha Schenk 1867
†Nilsonia pterophylloides Nathorst 1878
†Nilsonia sambucensis Ward 1905
†Nilsonia schaumbergensis Dunker 1889
†Nilsonia stantoni Ward 1905
†Nilssonia brevis Brongniart 1825
†Nilssonia fissa Feistmantel 1879
†Nilssonia princeps Oldham and Morris 1862
Fm. †Nilssoniaceae Kimura and Sekido 1975
+
G. †Nilssoniocladus Kimura and Sekido 1975
+
†Nilssoniocladus yukonensis Peppe et al. 2007
+
Invalid names: Phylloteuthis subovata Meek and Hayden 1860 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phylloteuthis Meek and Hayden 1860 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoctenis Seward 1911
+
†Pseudoctenis azcaratei Herbst and Troncoso 2000
†Pseudoctenis ballii Feistmantel 1886
†Pseudoctenis eathiensis Richards 1911
†Pseudoctenis fissa Du Toit 1927
†Pseudoctenis fragilis Bose and Banerji 1984
†Pseudoctenis grossa Holmes 1982
G. †Palaeozamia Endlicher 1836
G. †Pleiotrichium Weyland and Greifeld 1953
+
†Pleiotrichium commelinoides Weyland and Greifeld 1953
G. †Stangerites Oldham and Morris 1863
G. †Taeniopteris Brongniart 1828
+
†Taeniopteris acuminata McClelland 1850
†Taeniopteris auriculata Fontaine 1889
†Taeniopteris cheondaeriensis Kimura and Kim 1989
†Taeniopteris crassinervis Feistmantel 1877
+
Invalid names: Macrotaeniopteris misrai Agarwal 1972 [synonym], Taeniopteris buskoghatensis Bose and Banerji 1981 [synonym]
†Taeniopteris densinervis Feistmantel 1876
†Taeniopteris ensis Oldham 1863
†Taeniopteris feddeni Feistmantel 1881
†Taeniopteris glandulata Srivastava 1971
†Taeniopteris haburensis Bose and Banerji 1981
†Taeniopteris kashmirensis Hazra and Prasad 1957
†Taeniopteris kelberi Kustatscher and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert 2010
†Taeniopteris kutchensis Bose and Banerji 1981
†Taeniopteris lanceolata Oishi 1932
†Taeniopteris major Lindley and Hutton 1833
†Taeniopteris minensis Oishi 1932
†Taeniopteris mungyeongensis Kimura and Kim 1989
†Taeniopteris nabaensis Oishi 1932
†Taeniopteris nervosa Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Angiopteridium densinerve Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Angiopteridium pachyphyllum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Angiopteridium strictinerve Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Anomozamites angustifolius Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Anomozamites virginicus Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Taeniopteris oldhamii Bose and Banerji 1981
†Taeniopteris oregonensis Fontaine 1905
†Taeniopteris orovillensis Fontaine 1896
†Taeniopteris plumosa Dawson 1882
†Taeniopteris shastensis Knowlton 1919
†Taeniopteris shitakensis Oishi 1932
†Taeniopteris spatulata McClelland 1850
†Taeniopteris stankevichii Sixtel 1962
†Taeniopteris stenoneura Schenk 1867
†Taeniopteris stenophylla Kryshtofovich 1910
†Taeniopteris vittata Brongniart 1831
†Taeniopteris yorkensis Fontaine 1900
Fm. Zamiaceae Horaninow 1834
+
G. Macrozamia Miquel 1842
G. †Pterostoma Hill 1980
+
†Pterostoma anastomosans Hill 1980
†Pterostoma douglasii Hill and Pole 1994
†Pterostoma hirsutus Hill and Pole 1994
†Pterostoma zamioides Hill 1980
G. Zamia Linnaeus 1763
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†Zamia macrophylla Lindley and Hutton 1834
†Zamia mississippiensis Berry 1916
†Zamia wilcoxensis Berry 1916
Invalid names: Crossozamiaceae Doweld 2001 [empty]
Or. Gnetales Martius 1835
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G. †Alaticolpites Regali et al. 1975 [elaterate]
+
†Alaticolpites limai Regali et al. 1975 [elaterate]
G. †Elaterocolpites Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [elaterate]
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†Elaterocolpites africaensis Herngreen 1973
†Elaterocolpites castelaini Jardiné and Magloire 1962
†Elaterocolpites castelainii Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Elaterocolpites castelani Herngreen 1973 [elaterate]
†Elaterocolpites pentarhetus Srivastava 1984 [elaterate]
G. †Elaterosporites Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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†Elaterosporites acuminatus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea acuminata Stover 1963 [synonym]
†Elaterosporites castellaini Jardine and Magloire 1965
†Elaterosporites klaszi Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
+
Invalid names: Galeacornea klaszi Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [objective synonym]
†Elaterosporites klaszii Jardiné 1967
†Elaterosporites protensus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
+
Invalid names: Galeacornea protensa Stover 1963 [objective synonym]
†Elaterosporites verrucatus Jardiné 1967 [elaterate]
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Invalid names: Galeacornea verrucata Jardiné and Magloire 1965 [objective synonym]
G. †Steevesipollenites Stover 1964
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†Steevesipollenites binodosus Stover 1964
†Steevesipollenites binodosus Stover 1964
†Steevesipollenites cupuliformis Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites dajani Brenner 1968
†Steevesipollenites dayani Brenner 1968
†Steevesipollenites grambasti Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites multilineatus Stover 1964
†Steevesipollenites orbiculatus Stover 1964
†Steevesipollenites patapscoensis de Lima 1980
†Steevesipollenites pentacostatus Regali 1989
†Steevesipollenites pygmeus Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites sinuosus Azema and Boltenhagen 1974
†Steevesipollenites stoverii Deaf et al. 2014
Invalid names: Gnetaceae Lindley 1834 [empty]
Or. †Pteridospermales
+
G. †Chiropteris Kurr 1845
+
†Chiropteris barrealensis Frenguelli 1942
†Chiropteris coreanica Kimura and Kim 1988
†Chiropteris cuneata Carruthers 1872
†Chiropteris digitata Kurr 1858
†Chiropteris kawasakii Kon'no 1938
†Chiropteris manasiensis Gu and Hu 1979
†Chiropteris reniformis Kawasaki 1925
†Chiropteris taizihoensis Zhang 1980
†Chiropteris williamsii Newberry 1891
†Chiropteris yuani Sze 1956
G. †Rugaspermum Pant and Basu 1977
+
†Rugaspermum insigne Pant and Basu 1977
†Rugaspermum media Pant and Basu 1977
†Rugaspermum obscura Pant and Basu 1977
G. †Thinnfeldia Ettingshausen 1852
+
†Thinnfeldia amarjolensis Sharma et al. 1971
†Thinnfeldia chunakhalensis Sah and Sukh-Dev 1958
†Thinnfeldia dutoiti Jain and Delevoryas 1967
†Thinnfeldia feistmanteli Johnston 1895
†Thinnfeldia granulata Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Acaciaephyllum longifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Acaciaephyllum microphyllum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Acaciaephyllum spatulatum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Acaciaephyllum variabile Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Celastrophyllum proteoides Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Thinnfeldia hughesi Feistmantel 1882
†Thinnfeldia marylandica Fontaine 1905
†Thinnfeldia nirmali Roy 1973
†Thinnfeldia obtusifolia Johnston 1888
†Thinnfeldia odontopteroides Morris 1845
†Thinnfeldia reticulata Fontaine 1900
†Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis Ettingshausen 1927
†Thinnfeldia rotundiloba Fontaine 1889
G. †Strangerites Bornemann 1856
Or. Welwitschiales
+
Fm. Welwitschiaceae Caruel
+
G. Welwitschia Hooker 1862
G. †Welwitschiapites Bolkhovitina
+
†Welwitschiapites canaliculus Lele and Kulkarni 1969
†Welwitschiapites extansus Bharadwaj and Salujha 1964
†Welwitschiapites magnus Maithy 1965
†Welwitschiapites minutus Maithy 1965
†Welwitschiapites tenuis Bharadwaj and Salujha 1964
Invalid names: Boweniaceae Stevenson [empty], Stangeriaceae Johnson [empty]
G. †Cycadopteris Schimper 1869
G. †Dioonitocarpidium von Lilienstern 1928
+
†Dioonitocarpidium moroderi Leonardi 1953
†Dioonitocarpidium pennaeformis Schenk 1864
G. †Doratophyllum Harris 1932
+
†Doratophyllum astartensis Harris 1932
†Doratophyllum jordanicus Mustafa 2003
†Doratophyllum senii Kasat 1969
G. †Hisingera Miquel 1842
+
G. †Macrotaeniopteris Schimper 1869
+
†Macrotaeniopteris californica Fontaine 1896
†Macrotaeniopteris magnifolia Rogers 1857
†Macrotaeniopteris morrisii Oldham 1863
†Macrotaeniopteris nervosa Fontaine 1896
†Macrotaeniopteris ovata Schimper 1869
†Macrotaeniopteris satpurensis Feistmantel 1876
†Macrotaeniopteris vancouverensis Dawson 1893
G. †Morrisia Bose 1959
+
†Morrisia dentata Rao and Jacob 1957
†Morrisia mcclellandi Oldham and Morris 1863
†Morrisia rajmahalensis Feistmantel 1877
G. †Novoguineoxylon Boureau and Jongmans 1955
+
†Novoguineoxylon lacunosum Boureau and Jongmans 1955
Cl. †Pachytestopsida Doweld 2001
+
Or. †Pachytestales Doweld 2001
+
Invalid names: Pachytestaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Polylophospermaceae Doweld 2001 [empty], Stephanospermaceae Doweld 2001 [empty]
Cl. †Phasmatocycadopsida Doweld 2001
+
G. †Polypodiolites Sternberg 1823
G. †Sedgwickia Goeppert 1848
+
†Sedgwickia yuccoides Goeppert 1848
+
Invalid names: Endogenites erosa Stokes and Webb 1824 [replaced]
G. †Taeniophyllum Pomel 1849
+
Invalid names: Navajoia Wieland 1928 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wenlock to the top of the Holocene or 433.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 427.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 427.4 Ma
Collections (2077 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paleozoic - Triassic | Chile (Ovalle) | Taeniopteris sp. (222433) | |
| Llandovery - Ludlow | Peru | Harringtonia acutiplicata (25078) | |
| Wenlock | Argentina | Harringtonia sp. (25096) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | USA (New York) | Schizopodium mummii (14263) | |
| Carboniferous - Permian | USA (West Virginia) | Taeniopteris lescuriana, Taeniopteris newberriana (13191) | |
| Carboniferous - Permian | USA (Arizona) | Taeniopteris T. newberriana, Taeniopteris sp. 1 (10750) Taeniopteris eckhardti, Taeniopteris angelica (11999) | |
| Carboniferous - Permian | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | Taeniopteris feddeni, Taeniopteris kashmirensis (225362) | |
| Bashkirian - Gzhelian | USA (Kansas) | Taeniopteris sp. (24649) | |
| Pennsylvanian | Spain (Palencia) | Taeniopteris sp. (27807) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Pteridospermales indet. (34027) | |
| Westphalian D - Stephanian A | USA (Ohio) | Taeniopteris lescuriana, Taeniopteris newberriana (11187) | |
| Missourian - Khamovnikian | USA (Kansas) | Taeniopteris sp., Taeniopteris angelica (11212) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | Plagiozamites planchardii (11323) | |
| Gzhelian - Asselian | USA (New Mexico) | Phasmatocycas sp. (11166) | |
| Stephanian C | Portugal | Taeniopteris multinervis (25373) | |
| Stephanian C | Spain (Pirineo Catalan) | Taeniopteris multinervis-abnormis, Taeniopteris spp. (25391) | |
| Asselian | Czech Republic (Krkonose) | Taeniopteris abnormis (232614) | |
| Asselian | China (Ningxia) | Taeniopteris sp. 1 (29965) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | China (Ningxia) | Taeniopteris sp. 1, Compsopteris sp. 1 (29767) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | China (Liaoning) | Taeniopteris sp. 1, Taeniopteris sp. 2 (29905) | |