PBDB Taxon

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Anura (frog)

Amphibia - Temnospondyli

Taxonomy

Anuri was named by Fischer von Waldheim (1813) [also attributed to Rafinesque 1815, originally ranked as a "section"]. It is extant.

It was corrected as Anura by Cope (1875), Swinton (1934), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Gardiner (1982), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Gao and Wang (2001), Zardoya and Meyer (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Gao and Chen (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010) and Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); it was corrected as Anura by Gadow (1898), Jaekel (1911), Säve-Söderbergh (1934), Frank and Ramus (1996), Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Sanchiz (1998), Gardner (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Augé and Rage (2006), Anderson et al. (2008), Böhme (2008), Fernicola and Albino (2012) and Maddin et al. (2012); it was synonymized subjectively with Salientia by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the suborder Anura by McGrew et al. (1959), Gauthier et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Meyer and Zardoya (2003) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Batrachomorpha by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Euamphibia by Kuhn (1946); to Batrachomorphoidea by Huene (1954); to Paratoidea by Gardiner (1982); to Lepospondyli by Carroll (1988); to Batrachia by Cope (1875) and Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Salientia by Sanchiz (1998), Gao and Wang (2001) and Gao and Chen (2004); to Salientia by Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka (1998), Gardner (2001) and Anderson et al. (2008); to Amphibia by Augé and Rage (2006), Böhme (2008) and Fernicola and Albino (2012); to Batrachia by Zardoya and Meyer (2001) and Maddin et al. (2012); to Lissamphibia by Gadow (1898), Gauthier et al. (1989) and Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); and to Amphibia by Jaekel (1911), Swinton (1934), McGrew et al. (1959), Shoshani et al. (1989), Holman et al. (1990), Frank and Ramus (1996), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Venczel and Stiuca (2008), Böhme (2010) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).

Subtaxa

Acosmanura, Allophyrnidae, Alytidae, Archaeobatrachia, Arthroleptidae, Bissektia, Bufoniformia, Centrolenidae, Comobatrachus, Comobatrachus aenigmatis, Costata, Diacium unipedalis, Discoglossidae, Discoglossoidea, Electrorana, Eleutherodactylidae, Eoanura, Eobatrachus, Eobatrachus agilis, Epicria, Gansubatrachus, Gastrechmia, Genibatrachus, Gobiatidae, Hemisotidae, Hensonbatrachus, Hyperoliidae, Jeholobatrachus, Lalagobatrachia, Leiopelmatidae (syn. Ascaphidae), Liaobatrachus (syn. Callobatrachus, Mesophryne, Yizhoubatrachus, Dalianbatrachus), Mesobatrachia, Montsechobatrachus, Montsechobatrachus gaudryi, Neobatrachia, Neusibatrachus, Odontaglossa, Odontophrynidae, Opisthocoela, Opisthocoelellus, Palaeobatrachoidea, Paradiscoglossus, Pelobatoidea, Phaneroglossa, Pipoidea, Proanura, Pseudidae, Raniformia, Rhinodermatidae, Scaphiophryninae, Scotiophryne, Sunnybatrachus, Thaumastosaurus, Theatonius, Tregobatrachidae, Tyrrellbatrachus, Varibatrachus, Vieraella, Vieraellidae, Wealdenbatrachus, Xenoanura

Synonyms

Ecaudata was named by Scopoli (1777). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Anura by Swinton (1934); it was synonymized subjectively with Anuri by Dundee (1989).
Mesobatrachia was named by Laurent (1979). It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Archaeobatrachia by Gao and Wang (2001); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Anuri by Hoegg et al. (2004) and Gissi et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Anura by Sanchiz (1998).
Archaeobatrachia was named by Reig (1958). It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Anuri by Hoegg et al. (2004) and Gissi et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Anura by Gao and Wang (2001).
Mesophryne was named by Gao and Wang (2001). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Liaobatrachus by Dong et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Anura by Gao and Wang (2001); and to Anura by Wang (2004) and Zhou and Wang (2010).
Liaobatrachus was named by Ji and Ji (1998). It is not extant. Its type is Liaobatrachus grabaui.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Gao and Chen (2017).

It was assigned to Pelobatidae by Ji and Ji (1998); to Anura by Wang (2004) and Zhou and Wang (2010); and to Anura by Gao and Wang (2001) and Dong et al. (2013).
Vieraellidae was named by Reig (1961). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Anura by Gao and Wang (2001).
Pipoidei was named by Dubois (1983). It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Archaeobatrachia by Gao and Wang (2001).
Diacium unipedalis was named by Cope (1873). Its type specimen is AMNH No. 1605 and is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Cremastosaurus unipedalis by Cope (1874) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Platyrhachis unipedalis by Hay (1902); it was considered a nomen dubium by Estes (1983).
Dalianbatrachus was named by Gao and Liu (2004).

It was synonymized subjectively with Liaobatrachus by Dong et al. (2013).
Yizhoubatrachus was named by Gao and Chen (2004).

It was synonymized subjectively with Liaobatrachus by Dong et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Anuri by Gao and Chen (2004); and to Anura by Zhou and Wang (2010).
Montsechobatrachus was named by Fejervary (1921).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Evans et al. (1990).

It was assigned to Neobatrachia by Gomez Pallerola (1979).
Palaeobatrachus gaudryi was named by Vidal (1902). It is a compression fossil. Its type locality is La Pedrera de Rubies, Sierra del Montsech (Vidal collection), which is in a Barremian lacustrine - large limestone in the La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation of Spain.

It was recombined as Montsechobatrachus gaudryi by Gomez Pallerola (1979); it was considered a nomen dubium by Evans et al. (1990).
Jeholobatrachus was named by Endo (1940). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Gao and Wang (2001).

It was assigned to Anura by Endo (1940).
Jeholobatrachus intermedius was named by Endo (1940). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Gao and Wang (2001).
Eobatrachus was named by Marsh (1887). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Evans and Milner (1993).

It was assigned to Salientia by Hay (1902) and Moodie (1912); and to Anura by Marsh (1887) and Hecht and Estes (1960).
Eobatrachus agilis was named by Marsh (1887). Its type specimen is YPM 1862, a limb element (distal portion of right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian fluvial-lacustrine mudstone/sandstone in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Evans and Milner (1993).
Comobatrachus was named by Hecht and Estes (1960). It is not extant. Its type is Comobatrachus aenigmatis.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Evans and Milner (1993).

It was assigned to Neobatrachia by Hecht and Estes (1960).
Comobatrachus aenigmatis was named by Hecht and Estes (1960). Its type specimen is YPM 1863, a limb element (distal portion of right humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Quarry 9, Como Bluff (YPM), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian fluvial-lacustrine mudstone/sandstone in the Morrison Formation of Wyoming. It is the type species of Comobatrachus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Evans and Milner (1993).
Callobatrachus was named by Wang and Gao (1999). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Liaobatrachus by Dong et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Anura by Wang (2004); to Discoglossidae by Wang and Gao (1999), Gao and Wang (2001) and Zhou and Wang (2010); and to Costata by Baez (2013).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1777	Ecaudata Scopoli
1873	Diacium unipedalis Cope p. 18
1874	Cremastosaurus unipedalis Cope p. 516
1875	Anura Cope p. 7
1887	Eobatrachus Marsh p. 328
1887	Eobatrachus agilis Marsh p. 328
1897	Eobatrachus agilis Marsh p. 508
1898	Anura Gadow p. 14
1902	Eobatrachus Hay p. 425
1902	Eobatrachus agilis Hay p. 425
1902	Platyrhachis unipedalis Hay p. 477
1902	Palaeobatrachus gaudryi Vidal p. 5 figs. Pl 4, figs 1,2
1911	Anura Jaekel p. 130
1912	Eobatrachus Moodie p. 286
1912	Eobatrachus agilis Moodie p. 288
1921	Montsechobatrachus Fejervary
1930	Cremastosaurus unipedalis Hay p. 255
1934	Anura Swinton p. 76
1934	Anura Säve-Söderbergh p. 17
1940	Jeholobatrachus Endo
1940	Jeholobatrachus intermedius Endo
1946	Anura Kuhn p. 53
1954	Anura Huene p. 12
1958	Archaeobatrachia Reig
1959	Anura McGrew et al. p. 130
1960	Eobatrachus Hecht and Estes p. 2
1960	Eobatrachus agilis Hecht and Estes p. 2
1960	Comobatrachus Hecht and Estes pp. 6-7 figs. Pl. 1:2,4,6
1960	Comobatrachus aenigmatis Hecht and Estes pp. 6-7 figs. Pl. 1:2,4,6
1961	Vieraellidae Reig
1979	Montsechobatrachus Gomez Pallerola p. 342
1979	Montsechobatrachus gaudryi Gomez Pallerola p. 342 figs. photo 9
1979	Mesobatrachia Laurent
1982	Anura Gardiner p. 228
1983	Pipoidei Dubois
1988	Anura Carroll
1989	Anura Gauthier et al. p. 349
1989	Anura Shoshani et al. p. 436
1990	Anura Holman et al. p. 523
1996	Anura Frank and Ramus
1998	Anura Evans and Borsuk-Bialynicka p. 578
1998	Liaobatrachus Ji and Ji
1998	Anura Sanchiz
1998	Mesobatrachia Sanchiz
1999	Callobatrachus Wang and Gao
2001	Anura Gao and Wang p. 461
2001	Mesophryne Gao and Wang p. 461
2001	Callobatrachus Gao and Wang p. 464
2001	Liaobatrachus Gao and Wang p. 468
2001	Archaeobatrachia Gao and Wang p. 469
2001	Anura Gardner p. 334 fig. 8
2001	Anura Peng et al. p. 22
2001	Anura Zardoya and Meyer p. 7380
2003	Anura Meyer and Zardoya
2004	Anura Gao and Chen p. 762
2004	Yizhoubatrachus Gao and Chen p. 762
2004	Dalianbatrachus Gao and Liu
2004	Anura Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2004	Callobatrachus Wang p. 1170
2004	Liaobatrachus Wang p. 1170
2004	Mesophryne Wang p. 1170
2006	Anura Augé and Rage p. 237
2008	Anura Anderson et al. p. 517
2008	Anura Böhme p. 167
2008	Anura Venczel and Stiuca p. 741
2010	Anura Böhme p. 13
2010	Liaobatrachus Zhou and Wang
2010	Mesophryne Zhou and Wang
2010	Yizhoubatrachus Zhou and Wang
2010	Callobatrachus Zhou and Wang pp. 639-641 fig. 1
2012	Anura Fernicola and Albino
2012	Anura Maddin et al.
2013	Callobatrachus Baez
2013	Liaobatrachus Dong et al.
2014	Anura Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 569
2020	Anura de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 410

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
class	Amphibia
order	Temnospondyli	()
—	Lissamphibia	()
—	Batrachia	(Macartney 1802)
order	Salientia
order	Anura	()
order	Anura	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Anura Fischer von Waldheim 1813 [frog]

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Unr. †Acosmanura Savage 1973

G. Hadromophryne Hewitt 1913

G. Lithobates Fitzinger 1843

G. Phrynobatrachus Günther 1862

G. Platyplectrum Günther 1863

Platyplectrum marmoratum Günther 1863 [Ornate burrowing frog]

G. Pristimantis Espada 1870

Fm. Alytidae Fitzinger 1843 [midwife toads]

G. †Paralatonia Venczel and Csiki 2003

†Paralatonia transylvanica Venczel and Csiki 2003

Invalid names: Discoglossinae Günther 1859 [empty]

G. †Bissektia Nessov 1981

†Bissektia nana Nessov 1981

Subor. Bufoniformia

Invalid names: Batrachophrynidae Cope 1875 [empty]

Unr. †Costata Lataste 1879

G. †Iberobatrachus Baez 2013

†Iberobatrachus angelae Baez 2013

Fm. Discoglossidae Günther 1859 [painted frog]

G. †Altanulia Gubin 1993

†Altanulia alifanovi Gubin 1993

G. Alytes Wagler 1829 [midwife toad]

Alytes dickhilleni Arntzen and Garcia Paris 1995

†Alytes muletensis Sanchiz and Adrover 1979

Alytes obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]

Invalid names: Baleaphryne Sanchiz and Adrover 1979 [synonym]

G. †Aralobatrachus Nessov 1981

†Aralobatrachus robustus Nessov 1981

G. †Bakonybatrachus Szentesi and Venczel 2012

†Bakonybatrachus fedori Szentesi and Venczel 2012

G. Barbourula Taylor and Noble 1924 [jungle toad]

G. Discoglossus Otth 1837 [painted frog]

Discoglossus galganoi Capula et al. 1985

Discoglossus jeanneae Busack 1986

Discoglossus nigriventer Mendelssohn and Steinitz 1943

Discoglossus pictus Otth 1837 [Painted frog]

Discoglossus sardus Tschudi 1837 [Sardinia painted frog]

G. †Enneabatrachus Evans and Milner 1993

†Enneabatrachus hechti Evans and Milner 1993

G. †Eodiscoglossus Villalta 1957

†Eodiscoglossus oxoniensis Evans et al. 1990

†Eodiscoglossus santonjae Villalta 1957

G. †Estesina Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Estesina elegans Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Itemirella Nessov 1981

†Itemirella cretacea Nessov 1981

G. †Kizylkuma Nessov 1981

†Kizylkuma antiqua Nessov 1981

G. †Latonia von Meyer 1843

†Latonia gigantea Lartet 1851

Invalid names: Latonia feifari Hodrová 1987 [synonym], Rana batthyanyi Bolkay 1913 [synonym], Rana sansaniensis Lartet 1851 [synonym]

†Latonia ragei Hossini 1993

†Latonia seyfriedi von Meyer 1843

G. Pelophilus Tschudi 1838

G. †Procerobatrachus Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Procerobatrachus paulus Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Prodiscoglossus Friant 1944

†Prodiscoglossus vertaizoni Friant 1944

G. †Saevesoederberghia Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Saevesoederberghia egredia Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Zaphrissa Cope 1866

†Zaphrissa eurypelis Cope 1866

Subor. Discoglossoidea Sokol 1977

Fm. Bombinatoridae Gray 1825

G. Bombina Oken 1816 [fire-bellied toad]

Bombina bombina Linnaeus 1761 [European fire-bellied toad]

Bombina orientalis Boulenger 1890 [Oriental firebelly toad]

Bombina variegata Linnaeus 1758 [Yellowbelly toad]

G. †Eobarbourula Folie et al. 2013

†Eobarbourula delfinoi Folie et al. 2013

G. †Hatzegobatrachus Venczel and Csiki 2003

†Hatzegobatrachus grigorescui Venczel and Csiki 2003

G. †Electrorana Xing et al. 2018

†Electrorana limoae Xing et al. 2018

Fm. †Eleutherodactylidae Lutz 1954

G. Eleutherodactylus Duméril and Bibron 1841

Eleutherodactylus planirostris Cope 1862

Unr. Eoanura Piveteau 1937

Subor. Amphicoela

Invalid names: Liopelmidae Noble 1924 [empty]

Subor. †Anomocoela Nichols 1916

G. †Aerugoamnis Henrici et al. 2013

†Aerugoamnis paulus Henrici et al. 2013

Subor. †Diplasiocoela Nichols 1916

Invalid names: Brevicipitidae Bonaparte 1850 [empty]

Subor. Procoela

Invalid names: Brachycephalidae Reinhardt and Lütken 1862 [empty]

Invalid names: Opisthocoela [empty]

G. †Gansubatrachus Zhang et al. 2023

†Gansubatrachus qilianensis Zhang et al. 2023

Subor. Gastrechmia Cope 1867

Invalid names: Hemisidae Cope 1867 [empty]

G. †Genibatrachus Gao and Chen 2017

†Genibatrachus baoshanensis Gao and Chen 2017

Fm. †Gobiatidae Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Cretasalia Gubin 1999

†Cretasalia tsybini Gubin 1999

G. †Gobiates Spinar and Tatarinov 1986

†Gobiates asiaticus Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates bogatchovi Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates dzhyrakudukensis Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates fritschi Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates furcatus Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates khermeentsavi Spinar and Tatarinov 1986

†Gobiates kizylkumensis Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates leptocolaptus Borsuk-Bialynicka 1978

†Gobiates sosedkoi Nessov 1981

†Gobiates spinari Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiates tatarinovi Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Gobiatoides Ročec and Nessov 1993

†Gobiatoides parvus Ročec and Nessov 1993

G. †Hensonbatrachus Gardner and Brinkman 2015

†Hensonbatrachus kermiti Gardner and Brinkman 2015

Fm. Leiopelmatidae Mivart 1869

G. Ascaphus Stjenjeger 1899 [tailed frog]

Ascaphus truei Stejneger 1899 [Tailed frog]

G. Leiopelma Fitzinger 1861

†Leiopelma acricarina Worthy et al. 2013

†Leiopelma auroraensis Worthy 1987

Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch 1919 [Hamiltons frog]

Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger 1861 [Hochstetters New Zealand frog]

†Leiopelma markhami Worthy 1987

†Leiopelma miocaenale Worthy et al. 2013

†Leiopelma waitomoensis Worthy 1987

Invalid names: Ascaphidae Fejérváry 1923 [synonym], Leiopelmatinae Mivart 1869 [empty]

Unr. Neobatrachia Reig 1958

G. †Arariphrynus Leal and Brito 2006

†Arariphrynus placidoi Leal and Brito 2006

Unr. †Australobatrachia Frost and Grant 2006

Fm. †Calyptocephalellidae Reig 1960

G. †Baurubatrachus Báez and Perí 1989

†Baurubatrachus pricei Báez and Perí 1989

†Baurubatrachus santosdoroi Muzzopappa et al. 2022

G. Calyptocephalella Strand 1926 [helmeted water toad]

†Calyptocephalella canqueli Schaeffer 1949

Calyptocephalella gayi Duméril and Bibron 1841

†Calyptocephalella sabrosa Muzzopappa et al. 2021

Invalid names: Calyptocephalus Duméril and Bibron 1841 [replaced]

G. †Gigantobatrachus Casamiquela 1958

†Gigantobatrachus casamiquelai Agnolin 2012

†Gigantobatrachus parodii Casamiquela 1958

Invalid names: Calyptocephalella satan Agnolin 2012 [nomen dubium], Indobatrachus Noble 1930 [nomen dubium], Saniwa australis Ameghino 1899 [nomen dubium]

Fm. Bufonidae Gray 1825 [toad]

G. Anaxyrus Tschudi 1845

Anaxyrus boreas Baird and Girard 1852

G. Bufo Laurenti 1768

Bufo alvarius Girard 1859 [Colorado river toad]

Bufo americanus Holbrook 1836 [American toad]

†Bufo arenarius Taylor 1936

Bufo bufo Linnaeus 1758

Bufo calamita Cope 1864

†Bufo defensor Meylan 2001 [toad]

†Bufo hibbardi Taylor 1936

†Bufo holmani Parmley 1992

†Bufo kuhrei Holman 1973

†Bufo linquensis Yang 1977

Bufo marinus Tihen 1962

Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799

Bufo obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]

†Bufo pliocompactilis Wilson 1968

†Bufo praevius Tihen 1951 [toad]

†Bufo serratus Filhol 1876

Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre 1789 [Southern toad]

†Bufo tiheni Auffenberg 1957 [toad]

†Bufo valentinensis Estes and Tihen 1964

Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 [European green toad]

Bufo woodhousei Girard 1854 [Woodhouse's toad]

Bufo woodhousii fowleri Hinckley 1882

G. Bufotes Rafinesque 1815

Bufotes viridis Laurenti 1768

G. Epidalea Cope 1864 [Natterjack toad]

Epidalea calamita Cope 1864

G. Peltophryne Fitzinger 1843

G. Rhinella Fitzinger 1826

Rhinella arenarum Hensel 1867

Invalid names: Bufo pisanoi Casamiquela 1967 [synonym]

†Rhinella xerophylla Ponssa et al. 2022

Fm. †Ceratophryidae Evans et al. 2014

G. †Uberabatrachus Báez et al. 2012

†Uberabatrachus carvalhoi Báez et al. 2012

G. †Wawelia Casamiquela 1963

†Wawelia gerholdi Casamiquela 1963

Fm. †Ceratophrynidae Tschudi 1838

G. Ceratophrys Wied 1824 [South American horned frog]

†Ceratophrys prisca Ameghino 1899

†Ceratophrys sagani Barcelos et al. 2020

G. Chacophrys Reig and Limeses 1963 [escuercito]

G. Lepidobatrachus Budgett 1899 [Budgett's frog]

†Lepidobatrachus dibumartinez Turazzini and Gómez 2023

G. †Cratia Baez et al. 2009

†Cratia gracilis Baez et al. 2009

G. †Eurycephalella Baez et al. 2009

†Eurycephalella alcinae Baez et al. 2009

G. †Hungarobatrachus Szentesi and Venczel 2010

†Hungarobatrachus szukacsi Szentesi and Venczel 2010

Superfm. Hyloidea Ford and Cannatella 1993

G. †Beelzebufo Evans et al. 2008

†Beelzebufo ampinga Evans et al. 2008

Fm. Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 [tree frog]

G. Acris Dumeril and Bibron 1841 [cricket frog]

Acris crepitans Baird 1854 [northern cricket frog]

Acris gryllus Le Conte 1825 [southern cricket frog]

G. Chorophilus Baird 1854

Subfm. Hemiphractinae Peters 1862

G. Gastrotheca Fitzinger 1843

G. Hyla Laurenti 1768 [tree frog]

Hyla arborea Linnaeus 1758

†Hyla baderi Lynch 1965

†Hyla barbudensis Auffenberg 1959 [tree frog]

Hyla cinerea Schneider 1799 [American green tree frog]

†Hyla europaea Noble 1928

†Hyla goini Auffenberg 1956 [tree frog]

Hyla gratiosa Le Conte 1856 [barking treefrog]

†Hyla miocenica Holman 1966

Hyla squirella Bosc 1800 [squirrel treefrog]

Hyla versicolor Le Conte 1825 [gray tree frog]

Subfm. Hylinae Rafinesque 1815

G. Osteopilus Fitzinger 1843

G. Pseudacris Fitzinger 1843 [chorus frog]

G. Pternohyla Boulenger 1882

Subfm. Pelodryadinae Günther 1858

G. Cyclorana Steindachner 1867

G. Litoria Tschudi 1838 [Australiasian treefrog]

G. Pelodryas Gunther 1858

G. †Proacris Holman 1961

†Proacris mintoni Holman 1961

G. Smilisca Cope 1865

Invalid names: Phyllomedusinae Günther 1858 [empty]

Fm. Leptodactylidae Stirton 1953

G. †Eophractus Schaeffer 1949

†Eophractus casamayorensis Schaeffer 1949

G. †Eorubeta Hecht 1960

†Eorubeta nevadensis Hecht 1960

G. †Estesiella Baez 1995

†Estesiella boliviensis Baez 1995

Invalid names: Estesius boliviensis Báez 1991 [replaced]

Invalid names: Estesius Báez 1991 [replaced]

G. Eupsophus Fitzinger 1843

G. Eusophus Fitzinger 1843

G. Geocrinia Blake 1973

Geocrinia laevis Günther 1864

G. Lechriodus Boulenger 1882 [black soled frog]

†Lechriodus casca Tyler and Godthelp 1993

†Lechriodus intergerivus Tyler 1989

Subfm. Leptodactylinae Werner 1896

G. Leptodactylus Fitzinger 1826 [White-lipped frogs]

G. Limnodynastes Fitzinger 1843

Limnodynastes archeri Tyler 1981

Limnodynastes dumerili Peters 1864

Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Günther 1858 [spotted marsh frog]

G. †Neoprocoela Schaeffer 1949

†Neoprocoela edentatus Schaeffer 1949

G. Ranidella Girard 1853

Ranidella signifera Girard 1853

G. Syrrhophus Cope 1878

Syrrhophus marnocki Cope 1878 [cliff chirping frog]

G. Syrrhopus Boulenger 1888

Subfm. Telmatobiinae Fitzinger 1843

G. Caudiverbera Laurenti 1768

Fm. Myobatrachidae Schlegel 1850 [Australian froglet]

Subfm. Limnodynastinae Tyler 1978

G. Heleioporus Gray 1841

G. Kyarranus Moore 1958

G. Neobatrachus Peters 1863

G. Philoria Spencer 1901

Subfm. Myobatrachinae Schlegel 1850

G. Crinia Tschudi 1838

G. Pseudophryne Fitzinger 1843

G. Myobatrachus Schlegel 1850

Myobatrachus paradoxus Schlegel 1850

G. †Mariliabatrachus Santos et al. 2023

†Mariliabatrachus navai Santos et al. 2023

G. †Primaevorana Moura et al. 2021

†Primaevorana cratensis Moura et al. 2021

Superfm. Ranoidea Rafinesque 1814

Fm. Mantellidae Laurent 1946

G. Laliostoma Glaw et al. 1998

Fm. Microhylidae Günther 1858

Subfm. Asterophryinae Gunther 1858

G. †Australobatrachus Tyler 1976

Subfm. Microhylinae Gunther 1858

G. Gastrophryne Fitzinger 1843

G. Microhyla Tschudi 1838

G. Scaphiophryne Boulenger 1882

Fm. Ranidae Rafinesque 1814

G. †Asphaerion von Meyer 1847

G. Chaparana Smith 1922 [Asian frogs]

G. Conraua Nieden 1908 [Slippery frogs]

Conraua goliath Boulenger 1906 [Giant slippery frog]

Subfm. Dicroglossinae Anderson 1871

G. Limnonectes Fitzinger 1843

G. Pelophylax Fitzinger 1843

Pelophylax perezi Frost et al. 2006

Pelophylax ridibunda Pallas 1771

G. Platymantis Günther 1858

G. Ptychadena Boulenger 1917

G. Rana Linnaeus 1758

Rana arborea Linnaeus 1758

Rana bufo Linnaeus 1758

Rana catesbeiana Shaw 1802 [American bullfrog]

Rana cultripes Tschudi 1838

Rana dalmatina Bonaparte 1839

Invalid names: Rana agiloides Brunner 1951 [synonym], Rana muelleri Brunner 1959 [synonym]

Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885

Rana pipiens Schreber 1782 [Northern leopard frog]

†Rana pliocenica Zweifel 1954

Rana punctata Daudin 1802

Rana temporaria Linnaeus 1758 [common frog]

Invalid names: Rana mehelyi Bolkay 1911 [synonym]

Invalid names: Anchylorana Taylor 1942 [synonym], Anchylorana dubita Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Anchylorana moorei Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Anchylorana robustocondyla Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Rana basaltica Young 1936 [nomen dubium], Rana bucella Holman 1965 [nomen dubium], Rana fayeae Taylor 1942 [nomen dubium], Rana johnsoni La Rivers 1953 [nomen dubium], Rana meriani Meyer 1853 [nomen dubium], Rana miocenica Holman 1965 [nomen dubium], Rana parvissima Taylor 1942 [nomen vanum], Rana pueyoi Longinos Navás 1922 [nomen dubium], Rana quellembergi Longinos Navás 1922 [nomen dubium], Rana rexroadensis Taylor 1942 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Raninae [empty]

Fm. Rhacophoridae Hoffman 1932 [moss frog]

Subfm. Buergeriinae Channing 1989

G. Buergeria Tschudi 1838

G. †Indorana Folie et al. 2013

†Indorana prasadi Folie et al. 2013

G. Ranomorphus Ratnikov 1993

Subfm. Rhacophorinae Hoffman 1932

G. Rhacophorus Kuhl and van Hasselt 1822

Invalid names: Ptychadenidae Dubois 1987 [empty]

Fm. Telmatobiidae Fitzinger 1843 [water frog]

G. Telmatobius Wiegmann 1834

Telmatobius achachila Gómez et al. 2024

Invalid names: Heleophrynidae Noble 1931 [empty], Sooglossidae Noble 1931 [empty]

G. †Neusibatrachus Seiffert 1972

†Neusibatrachus wilferti Seiffert 1972

Subor. Odontaglossa Cope 1875

Invalid names: Dactylethridae Günther 1858 [empty]

Fm. Odontophrynidae Pyron and Wiens 2011

G. Odontophrynus Reinhardt and Lutken 1862

Odontophrynus americanus Dumeril and Bibron 1841

Odontophrynus cordobae Martino and Sinsch 2002

G. †Opisthocoelellus Kuhn 1941

Invalid names: Opisthocoelellus weigelti Kuhn 1941 [nomen dubium]

G. †Paradiscoglossus Estes and Sanchíz 1982

†Paradiscoglossus americanus Estes and Sanchíz 1982

Superfm. Pelobatoidea Laurent 1979

Fm. Megophryidae Nobel 1931

G. Scutiger Theobald 1868

Fm. Pelobatidae Lataste 1879 [spadefoot toad]

G. †Elkobatrachus Henrici and Haynes 2006

†Elkobatrachus brocki Henrici and Haynes 2006

G. †Enigmatosaurus Nopcsa 1926

G. †Eopelobates Parker 1929

†Eopelobates anthracinus Parker 1929

†Eopelobates bayeri Spinar 1952

†Eopelobates grandis Zweifel 1956

†Eopelobates hiuschei Kuhn 1941

†Eopelobates wagneri Weitzel 1938

G. Leptobrachium Tschudi 1838 [Eastern spadefoot toad]

G. †Macropelobates Noble 1924

†Macropelobates cratus Gao 1986

†Macropelobates osborni Noble 1924

G. †Miopelobates Wettstein-Westersheimb 1955

G. Pelobates Wagler 1830 [spadefoot toad]

Pelobates cultripes Tschudi 1838

†Pelobates fahlbuschi Böhme 2010

Pelobates fuscus Laurenti 1768 [Common Eurasian spadefoot toad]

Pelobates syriacus Boettger 1889 [Syrian spadefoot toad]

Pelobates varaldii Pasteur and Bons 1959 [Moroccan spadefoot toad]

G. Scaphiopus Holbrook 1836 [spadefoot toad]

Subg. Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) Holbrook 1836

Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) couchi Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]

Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) holbrooki Harlan 1835 [Eastern spadefoot toad]

Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) hurteri Strecker 1910 [Hurter's spadefoot toad]

†Scaphiopus (Scaphiopus) wardorum Estes and Tihen 1964

Scaphiopus couchii Baird 1854 [Couch's spadefoot toad]

G. Spea Cope 1866

†Scaphiopus (Spea) alexanderi Zweifel 1956

Spea bombifrons Cope 1863 [Plains spadefoot]

†Spea diversus Taylor 1942

Invalid names: Neoscaphiopus noblei Taylor 1942 [synonym]

Spea hammondii Baird 1859 [Western spadefoot toad]

Spea intermontana Cope 1883 [Great Basin spadefoot toad]

Spea multiplicata Cope 1863 [New Mexico spadefoot toad]

†Spea neuter Kluge 1966

†Spea pliobatrachus Taylor 1936

Invalid names: Scaphiopus antiquus Taylor 1941 [synonym]

†Spea studeri Taylor 1938

Invalid names: Neoscaphiopus Taylor 1942 [synonym]

G. Uldzinia Gubin 1996

†Uldzinia kurochkini Gubin 1996

Invalid names: Pelobatinae Bonaparte 1850 [empty]

Fm. Pelodytidae Cope 1866 [parsley frog]

G. †Miopelodytes Taylor 1941

†Miopelodytes gilmorei Taylor 1941

G. Pelodytes Fitzinger 1838 [parsley frog]

Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 [Caucasus parsley frog]

Pelodytes punctatus Daudin 1802

G. †Tephrodytes Henrici 1994

†Tephrodytes brassicarvalis Henrici 1994

Fm. Scaphiopodidae

G. †Prospea Chen et al. 2016

†Prospea holoserisca Chen et al. 2016

Subor. Phaneroglossa Wagler

Unr. Arcifera Cope 1865

Fm. Cystignathidae Cope 1865

G. Epirhexis Cope 1866

G. Lithodytes Cope 1865

Invalid names: Amphignathodontidae Boulenger 1882 [empty], Asterophrydidae Copee 1866 [empty], Dendrophryniscidae Jiménez de la Espada 1870 [empty]

Unr. Firmisternia Cope 1875

Fm. Engystomatidae Cope 1867

G. Engystoma Fitzinger 1826

Invalid names: Dendrobatidae Cope 1865 [empty], Dyscophidae Boulenger 1882 [empty], Phryniscidae Cope 1867 [empty]

Superfm. Pipoidea Fitzinger 1843

Unr. Panpipidae Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019

Unr. †Shelaniinae Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019

G. †Patagopipa Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019

†Patagopipa corsolinii Aranciaga Rolando et al. 2019

G. †Saltenia Reig 1959

†Saltenia ibanezi Reig 1959

G. †Shelania Casamiquela 1960

†Shelania laurenti Baez and Pugener 1998

†Shelania pascuali Casamiquela 1960

Fm. Rhinophrynidae [burrowing toad]

G. †Chelomophrynus Henrici 1991

†Chelomophrynus bayi Henrici 1991

G. †Eorhinophrynus Hecht 1959

†Eorhinophrynus septentrionalis Hecht 1959

G. †Rhadinosteus Henrici 1998

†Rhadinosteus parvus Henrici 1998

G. Rhinophrynus Dumeril and Bibron 1841 [burrowing toad]

†Rhinophrynus canadensis Holman 1963

Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril and Bibron 1841 [Mexican burrowing toad]

Invalid names: Aglossa Cope 1875 [invalid subgroup]

Subor. †Proanura Romer 1945

Fm. †Triadobatrachidae Kuhn 1962

Invalid names: Protobatrachidae Romer 1945 [replaced]

Subor. Raniformia Cope 1865

Invalid names: Colostethidae Cope 1866 [empty]

G. †Scotiophryne Estes 1969

†Scotiophryne pustulosa Estes 1969

G. †Sunnybatrachus Evans and McGowan 2002

†Sunnybatrachus purbeckensis Evans and McGowan 2002

G. †Thaumastosaurus De Stefano 1903

†Thaumastosaurus bottii De Stefano 1903

†Thaumastosaurus gezei Rage and Rocek 2007

Invalid names: Rana cadurcorum Martin et al. 2012 [synonym], Rana plicata Filhol 1876 [synonym]

†Thaumastosaurus wardi Holman and Harrison 2002

G. †Theatonius Fox 1976

†Theatonius lancensis Fox 1976

Fm. †Tregobatrachidae Holman 1975

G. †Tregobatrachus Holman 1975

G. †Tyrrellbatrachus Gardner 2015

†Tyrrellbatrachus brinkmani Gardner 2015

G. †Varibatrachus Parmley et al. 2015

†Varibatrachus abraczinskasae Parmley et al. 2015

G. †Vieraella Reig 1961

†Vieraella herbstii Reig 1961

G. †Wealdenbatrachus Fey 1988

†Wealdenbatrachus jucarensis Fey 1988

Unr. Xenoanura Savage 1973

Unr. Pipimorpha Ford and Cannatella 1993

G. †Avitabatrachus Báez et al. 2000

†Avitabatrachus uliana Báez et al. 2000

G. †Cordicephalus Nevo 1968

†Cordicephalus gracilis Nevo 1968

Invalid names: Cordicephalus longicostatus Nevo 1968 [synonym]

G. †Cratopipa Carvalho et al. 2019

†Cratopipa novaolindensis Carvalho et al. 2019

G. †Gracilibatrachus Baez 2013

†Gracilibatrachus avallei Baez 2013

Fm. †Palaeobatrachidae Cope 1865

G. †Albionbatrachus Meszoely et al. 1984

†Albionbatrachus wightensis Meszoely et al. 1984

G. †Messelobatrachus Wuitke 1988

†Messelobatrachus tobieni Wuttke 1988

G. †Palaeobatrachus Tschudi 1839

†Palaeobatrachus diluvianus Goldfuss 1831

†Palaeobatrachus eurydices Villa et al. 2016

†Palaeobatrachus grandipes Giebel 1851

†Palaeobatrachus laubei Bieber 1881

†Palaeobatrachus luedecki Wolterstorff 1886

†Palaeobatrachus occidentalis Estes and Sanchíz 1982

†Palaeobatrachus robustus Hossini and Rage 2000

G. †Pliobatrachus Fejérváry 1917

†Pliobatrachus langhae Fejérváry 1917

Fm. Pipidae Gray 1825 [clawed frog]

G. †Kuruleufenia Gómez 2016

†Kuruleufenia xenopoides Gómez 2016

G. †Llankibatrachus Báez and Pugener 2003

†Llankibatrachus truebae Báez and Pugener 2003

G. †Oumtkoutia Rage and Dutheil 2008

†Oumtkoutia anae Rage and Dutheil 2008

Subfm. Pipinae Gray 1825

Tr. Hymenochirini Bolkay 1919

G. †Pachycentrata Báez and Rage 2004

Invalid names: Pachybatrachus Báez and Rage 1998 [replaced]

G. Pipa Laurenti 1768 [Surinam toad]

G. †Singidella Báez and Harrison 2005

G. †Rocekophryne Rage et al. 2021

†Rocekophryne ornata Rage et al. 2021

G. †Shomronella Estes et al. 1978

†Shomronella jordanica Estes et al. 1978

Subfm. Xenopodinae Fitzinger 1843

G. Silurana Gray 1864 [clawed frog]

G. Xenopus Wagler 1827 [clawed frog]

†Xenopus arabiensis Henrici and Báez 2001

Xenopus boiei Wagler 1827

†Xenopus hasaunus Spinar 1980

Xenopus laevis Daudin 1802 [African clawed frog]

Xenopus muelleri Peters 1844 [Muller's clawed frog]

†Xenopus romeri Estes 1975

†Xenopus stromeri Ahl 1926

Xenopus wittei Tinsley et al. 1979 [Witte's clawed frog]

Unr. †Pipinomorpha Báez and Pugener 2003

G. †Eoxenopoides Haughton 1931

†Eoxenopoides reuningi Haughton 1931

G. †Inbecetenanura Lemierre et al. 2023

†Inbecetenanura ragei Lemierre et al. 2023

G. †Vulcanobatrachus Trueb et al. 2005

†Vulcanobatrachus mandelai Trueb et al. 2005

G. †Thoraciliacus Nevo 1968

†Thoraciliacus rostriceps Nevo 1968

Invalid names: Allophyrnidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Archaeobatrachia Reig 1958 [invalid subgroup], Arthroleptidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Centrolenidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Comobatrachus Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Comobatrachus aenigmatis Hecht and Estes 1960 [nomen dubium], Diacium unipedalis Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Ecaudata Scopoli 1777 [synonym], Eobatrachus Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Eobatrachus agilis Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Epicria Fitzinger 1843 [empty], Hemisotidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Hyperoliidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Jeholobatrachus Endo 1940 [nomen nudum], Lalagobatrachia Frost and Grant 2006 [empty], Liaobatrachus Ji and Ji 1998 [nomen dubium], Mesobatrachia Laurent 1979 [invalid subgroup], Montsechobatrachus Fejervary 1921 [nomen dubium], Montsechobatrachus gaudryi Vidal 1902 [nomen dubium], Opisthocoela Owen 1859 [empty], Palaeobatrachoidea Bolkay 1919 [empty], Pseudidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Rhinodermatidae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Scaphiophryninae Frank and Ramus 1996 [empty], Vieraellidae Reig 1961 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

brackish, freshwater, terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilesubo

Life habit:

amphibioussubo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Dispersal:

waterc

Created:

2009-07-20 21:44:54

Modified:

2009-07-20 23:44:54

Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Uhen 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Carnian to the top of the Holocene or 237.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 228.0 Ma

Collections (1217 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	India (Madhya Pradesh)	Eodiscoglossus sp. (207798)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian	199.3 - 182.7	USA (Arizona)	Anura indet. (27716)
Toarcian - Aalenian	182.7 - 170.3	India (Andhra Pradesh)	Pelobatidae indet., Sirenidae indet. (39673)
Toarcian - Aalenian	182.7 - 170.3	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Vieraella herbstii (29393)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk)	Eodiscoglossus sp. (61891)
Bathonian - Callovian	168.3 - 163.5	Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad)	Anura indet. (138960)
Early/Lower Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	United Kingdom (England)	Discoglossidae indet. (31054)
Early/Lower Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	France (Midi-Pyrénées)	Anura indet. (61377)
Late/Upper Bathonian	167.7 - 164.7	United Kingdom (England)	Anura indet. (39075) Anura indet., Eodiscoglossus sp. (57124 57125)
Kimmeridgian	157.3 - 152.1	Portugal (Leiria)	Anura indet. (24563)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	157.3 - 145.0	USA (Wyoming)	Anura indet. (49636) Pelobatidae indet., Enneabatrachus hechti, Eobatrachus agilis, Comobatrachus aenigmaticus (12816)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	157.3 - 145.0	USA (Colorado)	Anura indet. (231533)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	155.7 - 150.8	Portugal (Lourinha)	Anura indet. (154213)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian	155.7 - 145.0	Portugal (Lisboa)	Discoglossidae indet. (163145)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Colorado)	Anura indet. (48161 48162)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Utah)	Anura indet., Discoglossidae indet., Enneabatrachus sp., Rhadinosteus parvus (57913)
Tithonian	152.1 - 145.0	USA (Wyoming)	Anura indet. (39426)
Early/Lower Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	USA (Utah)	Anura indet. (222544)
Early/Lower Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	France (Poitou-Charentes)	Anura indet. (164377)
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian	150.8 - 140.2	Morocco (Figuig)	Anura indet. (204918 204924 204979) Anura indet., Alytidae indet. (204936)