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Sphenacodontia
Taxonomy
Sphenacodontia was named by Romer and Price (1940). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the superfamily Sphenacodontia by Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sphenacodontia by Kissel and Lehman (2002), Kissel and Reisz (2004), Fröbisch et al. (2011), Spindler et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Pelycosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Pelycosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Pelycosauria by Romer and Price (1940), Olson and Beerbower (1953), Huene (1954), Lewis and Vaughn (1965), Kuhn (1966), Olson (1966), Haubold (1971), Currie (1977), Langston and Reisz (1981); to Eupelycosauria by Kissel and Lehman (2002), Kissel and Reisz (2004); to Synapsida by Fröbisch et al. (2011); and to Sphenacomorpha by Spindler (2015), Spindler et al. (2015).
It was reranked as the superfamily Sphenacodontia by Kuhn (1946); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sphenacodontia by Kissel and Lehman (2002), Kissel and Reisz (2004), Fröbisch et al. (2011), Spindler et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Pelycosauria by Kuhn (1946); to Pelycosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954); to Pelycosauria by Romer and Price (1940), Olson and Beerbower (1953), Huene (1954), Lewis and Vaughn (1965), Kuhn (1966), Olson (1966), Haubold (1971), Currie (1977), Langston and Reisz (1981); to Eupelycosauria by Kissel and Lehman (2002), Kissel and Reisz (2004); to Synapsida by Fröbisch et al. (2011); and to Sphenacomorpha by Spindler (2015), Spindler et al. (2015).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1940 | Sphenacodontia Romer and Price pp. 18, 260 |
| 1946 | Sphenacodontia Kuhn p. 56 |
| 1953 | Sphenacodontia Olson and Beerbower p. 406 |
| 1954 | Sphenacodontia Haughton and Brink p. 5 |
| 1954 | Sphenacodontia Huene p. 28 |
| 1965 | Sphenacodontia Lewis and Vaughn p. C27 |
| 1966 | Sphenacodontia Kuhn p. 120 |
| 1966 | Sphenacodontia Olson p. 302 |
| 1971 | Sphenacodontia Haubold p. 34 |
| 1977 | Sphenacodontia Currie p. 929 |
| 1981 | Sphenacodontia Langston and Reisz p. 74 |
| 2002 | Sphenacodontia Kissel and Lehman p. 536 |
| 2004 | Sphenacodontia Kissel and Reisz |
| 2011 | Sphenacodontia Fröbisch et al. |
| 2015 | Sphenacodontia Spindler |
| 2015 | Sphenacodontia Spindler et al. p. 18 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. †Sphenacodontia Romer and Price 1940
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Fm. †Homodontosauridae Kuhn 1961
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G. †Palaeohatteria Credner 1888
G. †Pantelosaurus v. Huene 1925
Unr. †Sphenacodontoidea
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Fm. †Sphenacodontidae Marsh 1878
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Subfm. †Secodontosaurinae Romer and Price 1940
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G. †Secodontosaurus Romer 1936
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†Secodontosaurus obtusidens Cope 1880
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Invalid names: Dimetrodon longiramus Case 1907 [synonym], Secodontosaurus willistoni Romer 1936 [synonym]
Subfm. †Sphenacodontinae Romer 1936
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G. †Bathygnathus Leidy 1853
G. †Ctenospondylus Romer 1936
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†Ctenospondylus casei Romer 1936
†Ctenospondylus ninevehensis Berman 1978
G. †Dimetrodon Cope 1878
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†Dimetrodon angelensis Olson 1962
†Dimetrodon booneorum Romer 1937
†Dimetrodon borealis Leidy 1853
†Dimetrodon dollovianus Cope 1888
†Dimetrodon giganhomogenes Case 1907
†Dimetrodon limbatus Cope 1877
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Invalid names: Dimetrodon incisivus Cope 1878 [synonym], Dimetrodon rectiformis Cope 1878 [synonym], Dimetrodon semiradicatus Cope 1881 [synonym]
†Dimetrodon loomisi Romer 1937
†Dimetrodon milleri Romer 1937
†Dimetrodon natalis Cope 1878
†Dimetrodon occidentalis Berman 1977
†Dimetrodon teutonis Berman et al. 2001
G. †Neosaurus Nopsca 1923
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†Neosaurus cynodus Gervais 1869
Invalid names: Geosaurus Gervais 1869 [replaced]
G. †Sphenacodon Marsh 1878
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†Sphenacodon britannicus von Huene 1908
†Sphenacodon ferocior Romer 1937
†Sphenacodon ferox Marsh 1878
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Invalid names: Scoliomus puercensis Williston and Case 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oxyodon von Huene 1908 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dimetrodon kempae Romer 1937 [nomen dubium], Eosyodon Olson 1962 [nomen dubium], Eosyodon hudsoni Olson 1962 [nomen dubium], Palaeohatteriidae Baur 1889 [synonym], Pantelosauridae Huene 1925 [synonym], Varanopsinae Romer 1936 [empty]
Fm. †Tappenosauridae Olson and Beerbower 1953
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Invalid names: Anningiidae Broom 1927 [empty], Haptodontinae Romer and Price 1940 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Missourian to the top of the Changhsingian or 306.00000 to 251.90200 Ma
Collections (120 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kasimovian | USA (Illinois) | Sphenacodontidae indet. (224241) | |
| Kasimovian - Kungurian | USA (Utah) | Sphenacodon sp., Shashajaia bermani (218159) | |
| Missourian | USA (Kansas) | Ianthodon schultzei (80784) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Oklahoma) | Sphenacodontia indet. (13947) | |
| Virgilian | USA (New Mexico) | Sphenacodon ferox (34761) | |
| Gzhelian - Asselian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Cryptovenator hirschbergeri (109702) | |
| Gzhelian - Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | Sphenacodon sp. (180989) | |
| Virgilian - Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Sphenacodon ferox (77412) | |
| Stephanian B | Czechia (Rakovník) | Macromerion schwarzenbergii, Macromerion schwartzenbergii (154179) | |
| Asselian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon sp. (173721 207496) | |
| Asselian | United Kingdom (England) | Oxyodon britannicus (80783) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Utah) | Sphenacodontidae indet. (13257) | |
| Asselian - Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon natalis (11165) Dimetrodon sp. (113555) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon limbatus (180978) Dimetrodon milleri (79162) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (Colorado) | Cutleria wilmarthi (85475 85480) | |
| Wolfcampian | USA (New Mexico) | Dimetrodon limbatus (181037) Dimetrodon sp. (181078) Sphenacodon ferocior (80916 180382 181076) Sphenacodon ferocior, Dimetrodon occidentalis, Sphenacodon sp., Dimetrodon occidentalis (180974) Sphenacodon ferox (80833 179932 180106 180383 180384 180940) Sphenacodon sp. (85436 181075) Sphenacodon sp., Sphenacodon ferox (181077) Sphenacodontidae indet., Sphenacodon ferocior, Dimetrodon occidentalis (28067) | |
| Autunian | France (Jura) | Geosaurus cynodus (181051) | |
| Wolfcampian - Leonardian | USA (Utah) | Sphenacodon ferocior, Ctenospondylus casei (80110) | |
| Permian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dimetrodon limbatus (221391 221392) | |
| Permian | South Africa | Homodontosaurus kitchingi (190134) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon incisivus (28124) Dimetrodon sp. (28120 28123 28125) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (Ohio) | Ctenospondylus ninevehensis (80877) | |
| Sakmarian - Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon sp. (28324) | |
| Sakmarian - Artinskian | USA (New Mexico) | Sphenacodon sp. (180988) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | Clepsydrops natalis, Clepsydrops limbatus, Dimetrodon semiradicatus (108766) Clepsydrops natalis, Dimetrodon rectiformis, Theropleura obtusidens (28142) Ctenorhachis jacksoni (181054) Dimetrodon booneorum (13080) Dimetrodon longiramus, Clepsydrops macrospondylus (28238) Dimetrodon milleri (84716) Dimetrodon obtusidens (28149) Dimetrodon sp. (22714 28141 28143 28144 28145 28147 28148 28150 28239 28240) Dimetrodon sp., Ctenospondylus casei (28146) | |
| Artinskian | Germany (Thuringia) | Dimetrodon teutonis (80112) | |
| Artinskian | Canada (Prince Edward Island) | Bathygnathus borealis (48897) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dimetrodon sp. (79402 220872) Sphenacodontidae indet., Dimetrodon sp. (67862) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dimetrodon dollovianus, Dimetrodon macrospondylus, Dimetrodon platycentrus (85733) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon semiradicatus, Dimetrodon obtusidens (28253) Dimetrodon sp. (28241 28242 28249 28250 28252 85299 85300 85301) | |
| Artinskian - Roadian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon sp. (180992) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon gigashomogenes (85362) | |
| Leonardian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dimetrodon grandis, Dimetrodon giganhomogenes (180990) Dimetrodon limbatus (85567 180991) Dimetrodon sp. (79815 84941 87054) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Oklahoma) | Dimetrodon loomisi (67945) Dimetrodon sp. (79602) | |
| Kungurian | USA (Texas) | Clepsydrops natalis, Dimetrodon incisivus, Dimetrodon loomisi, Secodontosaurus willistoni, Dimetrodon kempae (28267) Dimetrodon gigashomogenes (12976 27704 85553 177000 177003 177014 177017 177019 178738) Dimetrodon loomisi, Dimetrodon gigashomogenes, Embolophorus dollovianus (28256) Dimetrodon sp. (28251 28261 28264 28270 67735 67737 85551 85552 85554) Dimetrodon sp., Dimetrodon grandis, Theropleura grandis (28275) | |
| Kungurian - Roadian | USA (Texas) | Dimetrodon angelensis (80689 85170) Tappenosaurus magnus (80729 85171) Tappenosaurus magnus, Eosyodon hudsoni (79600) | |
| Roadian - Wordian | USA (Oklahoma) | Tappenosauridae indet. (27475) | |
| Wuchiapingian - Changhsingian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Homodontosaurus kitchingi (80219 174735 179588) |