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Spatangoida (heart urchin)

Echinoidea - Spatangoida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1840Spatangoida Agassiz
1904Spatangoidea Clark p. 430
1920Spatangoidea Kew p. 143
1984Spatangoida Squires p. 56
1987Spatangoida Squires p. 72
1991Spatangoida Smith p. 52
1993Spatangoida Donovan p. 101
1995Spatangoida Smith p. 232
1999Spatangoida Squires p. 29
2002Spatangoida Sepkoski
2003Spatangoida Berndt p. 84
2005Spatangoida Parma and Casadío p. 1078
2008Spatangoida Manso and Andrade p. 322
2010Spatangoida Kroh and Smith p. 173

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
RankNameAuthor
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
orderSpatangoida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]
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G. †Amoraster
G. Archaeopneustes Gregory 1892
G. †Barnumia Cooke 1953
+
†Barnumia browni Cooke 1953
Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
+
Fm. Asterostomatidae Pictet 1857 [heart urchin]
+
+
†Antillaster aibeari Kier 1984
†Antillaster arnoldi Clark 1927
+
Invalid names: Antillaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Antillaster castroi Egozcue 1897
†Antillaster cubensis Conrad 1870
†Antillaster depressus Sanchez Roig 1951
†Antillaster elegans Jackson 1922
†Antillaster fernandezi Sanchez Roig 1952
+
Invalid names: Antillaster jaumei Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym]
†Antillaster flexuosus Lambert 1924
†Antillaster lamberti Jeannet 1928
+
Invalid names: Pseudoasterostoma habanensis Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Antillaster sanchezi Lambert 1924
†Antillaster vaughani Jackson 1922
+
Invalid names: Antillaster expansus Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Antillaster guevarai Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym], Antillaster herrerae Sanchez Roig 1951 [synonym]
Invalid names: Antillaster cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Antillaster estenozi Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Antillaster giganteus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium]
G. Argopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
+
†Asterostoma pawsoni Kier 1984
†Asterostoma subcircularis Sanchez Roig 1952
G. †Brissolampas Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
G. †Brissomorpha Laube 1871 [heart urchin]
G. †Cleistechinus de Loriol 1882 [heart urchin]
G. Delopatagus Koehler 1907 [heart urchin]
G. Elipneustes Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Genicopatagus Agassiz 1879 [heart urchin]
G. Heterobrissus Manzoni and Mazzetti 1877 [heart]
G. Linopneustes Agassiz 1881 [heart urchin]
G. †Megapetalus Clark 1929 [heart urchin]
+
G. †Moronaster Sanchez Riog 1952 [heart urchin]
+
†Moronaster moronensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Moronaster santanae Sanchez Roig 1952
G. Palaeobrissus Agassiz 1883 [heart urchin]
G. Paleotrema Koehler 1914 [heart urchin]
G. Peripatagus Koehler 1895 [heart urchin]
G. Platybrissus Grube 1865 [heart urchin]
+
Subg. Platybrissus (Eurypatagus) Mortensen 1948
Subg. Platybrissus (Platybrissus) Grube 1865 [heart urchin]
Invalid names: Platybryssus Meissner 1903 [objective synonym]
G. Plesiozonus de Meijere 1902 [heart urchin]
G. †Prosostoma Pomel 1883 [heart urchin]
+
†Prosostoma jimenoi Cotteau 1870
G. Pycnolampas Agassiz and Clark 1907 [heart urchin]
G. †Pygospatangus Cotteau 1888 [heart urchin]
Fm. Brissidae Gray 1855
+
G. †Arcaechinus Kier 1957
G. †Brissopatagus Cotteau 1863
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†Brissopatagus rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953
+
Invalid names: Eupatagus (Brissopatagus) georgianus Cooke 1942 [synonym]
G. Brissopsis Agassiz 1840
+
†Brissopsis aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Brissopsis atlantica Moretensen 1907
†Brissopsis balnpiedi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Brissopsis columbaris Agassiz 1840
Brissopsis elegans Agassiz 1840
†Brissopsis hectori Hutton 1873
†Brissopsis jimenoi Cotteau 1875
†Brissopsis luzonica Gray 1851
Brissopsis lyrifer Forbes 1841
†Brissopsis pacifica Agassiz 1898
G. Brissus Gray 1825
+
†Brissus cabrerai Sanchez Roig 1953
†Brissus camagueyensis Weisbord 1934
†Brissus caobaense Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Brissus durhami Sanchez Roig 1952
†Brissus eximius Zittel 1864
†Brissus expansus Forbes 1846
†Brissus fragilis Düben and Koyen 1844
†Brissus glenni Cooke 1959
†Brissus inaequalis Forbes 1846
†Brissus kewi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Brissus latecarinatus Leske 1778
†Brissus minutus Sanchez Roig 1949
†Brissus rana Forbes 1846
†Brissus sagrae Lambert 1924
†Brissus spatiosus Ravenel 1848
†Brissus unicolor Leske 1778
G. Cyclaster Cotteau 1856
+
†Cyclaster aturicus Seunes 1888
+
Invalid names: Brissopneustes vindobonensis Kuehn 1930 [synonym]
†Cyclaster danicus Schlüter 1897
†Cyclaster drewryensis Cooke 1942
+
Invalid names: Cyclaster brodermani Sanchez roig 1949 [synonym], Palmeraster palmeri Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Cyclaster galei Jeffery 1997
†Cyclaster jacksoni Lambert 1924
†Cyclaster posita Hutton 1873
†Cyclaster sanchezi Lambert 1922
Invalid names: Palmeraster Sánchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
G. Eupatagus Agassiz 1847
+
Subg. †Eupatagus (Gymnopatagus) Doderlein 1900
†Eupatagus alatus Clark 1927
†Eupatagus anomala Duncan 1877
†Eupatagus antillarum Cotteau 1875
†Eupatagus attenuatus Clark 1927
†Eupatagus batequensis Squires and Demetrion 1992
†Eupatagus brodermanni Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus calistoides Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus carolinensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Eupatagus casanovai Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus estenozi Sanchez Roig 1921
†Eupatagus floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Eupatagus formosus Zittel 1867
†Eupatagus lawsonae Kier 1980
†Eupatagus martini Gerth 1922
†Eupatagus mexicanus Jackson 1937
†Eupatagus mojsvari Böhm 1882
†Eupatagus mooreanus Pilsbry 1914
†Eupatagus nicklesi Cotteau 1890
†Eupatagus ocalanus Cooke 1942
†Eupatagus pendulus Agassiz 1847
†Eupatagus pulchellus Herklots 1854
†Eupatagus rostratus d'Archiac 1850
+
Invalid names: Maretia affinis Herklots 1854 [synonym]
†Eupatagus rostratus zitteli Henderson 1975
†Eupatagus roundus Duncan and Sladen 1884
†Eupatagus sanchezi Lambert 1949
†Eupatagus santanae Sanchez Roig 1951
†Eupatagus siboneyensis Weisbordf 1934
†Eupatagus stevensi Grant and Hertlein 1938
†Eupatagus tuberosus Fraas 1867
†Eupatagus turibacoensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Eupatagus wilsoni Kier 1980
Invalid names: Spatangomorpha Boehm 1882 [synonym]
+
†Fernandezaster mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952
+
Subg. †Gualtieria (Blaviaster) Lambert 1920
Subg. †Gualtieria (Gualtieria) Fischer 1966
+
†Hernandezaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949
G. †Hysteraster McNamara 1992
+
†Hysteraster paragrapsimus McNamara 1992
+
†Lajanaster jacksoni Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926
Invalid names: Lajanaster hernandezi Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Lajanaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1953 [nomen dubium]
G. Macropneustes Agassiz 1847
+
Subg. †Macropneustes (Deakia) Pavay 1875
+
†Deakia armadilloensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
Subg. †Macropneustes (Macropneustes) Agassiz 1847
+
†Macropneustes brodermani Sanchez Roig 1953
†Macropneustes gomezmazae Sanchez Roing 1953
†Macropneustes mortoni Conrad 1850
G. †Mariania
+
†Mauritanaster cubensis Cotteau 1875
G. Meoma Gray 1851
+
Subg. Meoma (Schizobrissus) Pomel 1869
+
†Schizobrissus antillarum Cotteau 1875
†Schizobrissus clevei Cotteau 1875
Schizobrissus cruciatus Agassiz and Desor 1847
†Schizobrissus jacksoni Lambert 1926
†Schizobrissus kewi Durham 1961
Invalid names: Peripneustes Cotteau 1875 [synonym]
†Meoma antiqua Arnold and Clark 1927
†Meoma grandis Gray 1852
†Meoma tuberculata Hutton 1873
+
Invalid names: Meoma decipiens Tate 1891 [synonym]
†Meoma ventricosa Lamarck 1816
G. Metalia Gray 1855
+
†Metalia cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Metalia ravenelianus McCrady 1855
†Metalia spatagus Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. †Pharaonaster (Pharaonaster) Fischer 1966
Subg. †Pharaonaster (Thebaster) Checchia-Rispoli 1941
G. Plagiobrissus Pomel 1883
+
+
Invalid names: Mortensenaster [synonym]
†Plagiobrissus loveni Cotteau 1875
†Plagiobrissus malavassii Durham 1961
†Plagiobrissus robustus Clark 1927
G. †Plesiopatagus Pomel 1883
G. †Rojasia
+
Rojasia rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951
G. Taimanawa Henderson and Fell 1969
+
†Taimanawa greyi Hutton 1873
†Taimanawa prisca Henderson 1975
†Taimanawa pulchella Henderson and Fell 1969
†Taimanawa rostrata Henderson 1975
G. †Trachypatagus Pomel 1869
Invalid names: Brissopsidae Lambert 1905 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Palaeotropidae Lambert 1896
+
G. Palaeotropus Lovén 1872 [heart urchin]
Superfm. Spatangidea Fischer 1966
+
Fm. Loveniidae Lambert 1905
+
+
†Breynia carinata d'Archaic and Haime 1853
G. †Chuniola
+
†Chuniola carolinae Gagel 1905
G. Echinocardium Gray 1825
+
†Echinocardium deperessum Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Echinocardium orthonotum Conrad 1843
+
Invalid names: Echinocardium ampliforus McCrady 1855 [synonym], Echinocardium gothicum Ravenel 1848 [synonym], Echinocardium virginianum Forbes 1845 [synonym]
G. †Hemipatagus Desor 1858
+
†Hemipatagus argutus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemipatagus bandaensis Jeannet and Martin 1937
†Hemipatagus bundensis Ebert 1889
†Hemipatagus calvimontanus Cotteau 1885
†Hemipatagus cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Hemipatagus desmoulinsi Cotteau 1863
†Hemipatagus duncani Lambert 1924
†Hemipatagus gauthieri Lambert 1924
†Hemipatagus girundicus Lambert 1915
†Hemipatagus grignonensis Cotteau 1880
+
Invalid names: Spatangus arhiaci Agassiz 1847 [synonym]
†Hemipatagus guebhardi Lambert and Savin 1902
†Hemipatagus hispanica Cotteau 1890
†Hemipatagus hoffmanni Goldfuss 1829
†Hemipatagus marianii Airaghi 1903
†Hemipatagus martensii Ebert 1889
†Hemipatagus nicoleti Agassiz 1839
†Hemipatagus ocellatus Defrance 1827
†Hemipatagus pellati Cotteau 1863
†Hemipatagus sambiensis Beyrich 1848
†Hemipatagus soubellensis Peron and Gauthier 1891
†Hemipatagus subrostratus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemipatagus tenuis Peron and Gauthier 1891
†Hemipatagus tuberculatus Peron and Gauthier 1885
Invalid names: Hemipatagus ficheuri Pomel 1887 [nomen dubium]
G. Lovenia Desor 1847
+
Subg. Lovenia (Lovenia) Fischer 1966
†Lovenia alabamensis Cooke 1959
†Lovenia cordiformis Agassiz 1872
†Lovenia dumblei Kew 1917
†Lovenia lorioli Cotteau 1878
†Lovenia madurae Böhm 1882
†Lovenia mauritanica Pomel 1885
†Lovenia mexicana Jackson 1937
†Lovenia vicentina Dames 1878
†Lovenia woodsii Etheridge 1875
Invalid names: Lovenia forbesii Woods 1862 [nomen dubium], Vasconaster Lambert 1915 [synonym]
G. †Mazettia Lambert and Thiéry 1915
+
†Mazettia pareti Manzoni 1879
G. †Verbeekia
Invalid names: Breyninae Lambert 1905 [empty], Echinocardiidae Cooke 1942 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Spatangidae Gray 1825
+
G. †Epiaster
+
†Epiaster brevipetalus Smith and Wright 2008
†Epiaster catumbellensis de Loriol 1888
†Epiaster depressus Kew 1920
†Epiaster distinctus Agassiz and Desor 1847
+
Invalid names: Epiaster polygonus Orbigny 1991 [synonym]
†Epiaster michelini d'Orbigny 1847
†Epiaster whitei Clark 1891
G. †Gonimaretia Clark 1917
+
†Gonimaretia laevis Clark 1917
+
†Isomicraster danei Cooke 1953
†Isomicraster gibbus Lamarck 1816
†Isomicraster rossi Cooke 1953
G. Maretia Gray 1855
+
†Maretia carinata Bolau 1873
†Maretia carolinensis Kier 1997
†Maretia clarki Lambert 1924
†Maretia cordata Mortensen 1948
Maretia elevata Döderlein 1906
Maretia elliptica Bolau 1874
Maretia fasciata Lambert 1924
†Maretia hungarica Vadász 1915
Maretia mascareignarum Michelin 1863
Maretia peloria Clark 1916
Maretia planulata Lamarck 1816
†Maretia praelongus Herklots 1854
†Maretia saccoi Airaghi 1905
†Maretia savini Cotteau 1893
Maretia tuberculata Agassiz and Clark 1907
†Maretia twitchelli Lambert 1924
†Maretia variegatus Gray 1866
†Maretia zeisei Gagel 1905
G. Paramaretia Mortensen 1951
G. †Sarsella Pomel
+
†Sarsella gregoryi Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. Spatangus Gray 1825
+
Subg. Spatangus (Granopatagus) Lambert 1915
Subg. †Spatangus (Phymapatagus) Lambert 1910
Subg. †Spatangus (Platyspatus) Pomel 1883
Subg. Spatangus (Spatangus) Fischer 1966
†Spatangus brissus Leske 1778
†Spatangus californicus Clark 1917
†Spatangus depressus Dubois 1843
†Spatangus fuchsi Oppenheim 1901
†Spatangus glenni Cooke 1959
†Spatangus integer Sorignet 1850
†Spatangus ovatus Leske 1778
†Spatangus rarus Israelsky 1923
†Spatangus tapinus Schenck 1928
†Spatangus ventricosus Lamarck 1816
Invalid names: Eupatangidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Eurypataginae Kroh 2007 [empty], Macropneustidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Maretiidae Lambert 1905 [empty], Megapneustidae Fourtau 1905 [empty]
Invalid names: Antillasteridae Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [empty]
G. †Brissoides Klein 1778
+
†Brissoides brevipetalum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides cubensis Cotteau 1875
†Brissoides depressus Dubois 1843
†Brissoides elongatum Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides formosus de Lortiol 1881
†Brissoides herrerae Sanchez Roig 1924
†Brissoides mayor Lambert 1922
†Brissoides munozi Lambert 1924
G. †Cagaster
Fm. †Echinocoridae Lambert 1917
+
+
†Sternotaxis planus Mantell 1822
Invalid names: Echinocorinae Lambert 1917 [empty]
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
+
G. †Cheopsia
G. †Eoagassizia Grant and Hertlein 1938
+
†Eoagassizia alta Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. Hemiaster Agassiz and Desor 1847 [heart urchin]
+
Subg. †Hemiaster (Gregoryaster) Lambert 1907
Subg. †Hemiaster (Hemiaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924 [heart urchin]
+
Subg. Hemiaster (Holanthus) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Integraster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Leymeriaster) Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subg. †Hemiaster (Trachyaster) Pomel 1869
+
†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) decipiens Duncan and Sladen 1883
†Hemiaster (Trachyaster) herrarae Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1926
Invalid names: Hemiaster (Trachyaster) minutus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum]
†Hemiaster aequisgranensis Schluter 1899
†Hemiaster amelianus Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster antillensis Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster arcolensis Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster arcticus Shmidt 1976
†Hemiaster atavus Cotteau 1883
†Hemiaster beecheri Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster bufo Brongniart 1822
†Hemiaster californicus Clark 1891
†Hemiaster calvini Clark 1893
†Hemiaster comanchei Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Hemiaster delawarensis Clark 1916
†Hemiaster dewalquei Cotteau 1881
†Hemiaster elegans Shumard 1853
†Hemiaster gonzalezmunozi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Hemiaster humphreysanus Meek and Hayden 1856
†Hemiaster moscovensis Cooke 1959
†Hemiaster orbignyi Desor 1858
†Hemiaster parastatus Morton 1833
†Hemiaster paronai Checchia-Rispoli 1921
†Hemiaster proclivus Cotteau et al. 1878
†Hemiaster regulusanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Hemiaster sabinal Cooke 1953
†Hemiaster scutiger Sharpe 1849
†Hemiaster stella Morton 1830
+
Invalid names: Hemiaster (Integraster) garumnicus Lambert 1924 [synonym], Hemiaster garumnicus Lambert 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster hawkinsi Lambert 1933 [synonym], Hemiaster incrassatus Clark 1891 [synonym], Hemiaster madagascariensis Cottreau 1922 [synonym], Hemiaster punctatus dOrbigny 1856 [synonym], Hemiaster rutoti Lambert 1911 [synonym], Hemiaster tamulicus Kossmat 1897 [synonym], Trachyaster spissus Lambert 1924 [synonym]
†Hemiaster texanus Roemer 1849
+
Invalid names: Hemiaster americanus Giebel 1853 [synonym]
†Hemiaster ungula Morton 1833
†Hemiaster welleri Clark 1907
†Hemiaster wetherbyi de Loriol 1887
+
Invalid names: Hemiaster benhurensis Stephenson 1941 [synonym], Hemiaster bexari Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Hemiaster lacunosus Slocom 1909 [synonym]
†Hemiaster zululandensis Besairie and Lambert 1930
Invalid names: Hemiaster globulosus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Hemiaster kuemmeli Clark 1907 [nomen dubium], Hemiaster sibiricus Shmidt 1976 [nomen nudum]
G. †Hypsopatagus Pomel 1869
G. †Mecaster Pomel 1883
+
†Hemiaster (Mecaster) syriacus Conrad in Lynch 1852
†Mecaster africanus Coquand 1862
†Mecaster aumalensis Coquand 1862
†Mecaster batnensis Coquand 1862
+
Invalid names: Hemiaster cedroensis Maury 1936 [synonym], Hemiaster delgadoi de Loriol 1888 [synonym], Hemiaster jacksoni Maury 1925 [synonym]
†Mecaster fourneli Agassiz and Dessor 1847
†Mecaster nicaisei Coquand 1862
†Mecaster orbignyanus Desor 1857
†Mecaster palpebratus Loriol 1888
†Mecaster pseudofourneli Peron and Gauthier 1878
†Mecaster semicavatus Peron and Gauthier 1880
†Mecaster toucasanus d'Orbigny 1854
†Mecaster verneuili Desor 1847
†Mecaster victoris Lambert 1932
G. †Periaster
G. †Psephoaster McNamara 1987
+
†Psephoaster apokryphos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster klydonos McNamara 1987
†Psephoaster lissos McNamara 1987
G. †Tripylaster Mortensen 1917
+
†Tripylaster philippii Gray 1851
Subor. Hemiasterina Fischer 1966
+
Fm. Palaeostomatidae Lovèn 1868
+
+
†Homoeaster evaristei Cotteau 1886
+
Invalid names: Inflataster abichi Anthula 1900 [synonym], Ornithaster cordiformis Boehm 1927 [synonym]
†Homoeaster tuneatus Pomel 1883
G. Hypselaster Clark 1917
G. †Kertaster
G. †Leymeriaster Lambert and Thiéry 1924
+
†Leymeriaster eluvialis van der Ham 1995
Subor. Micrasterina Fischer 1966
+
Fm. Aeropsidae Lambert 1896
+
Subfm. †Corasterinae Lambert and Thiéry 1924
+
G. †Inflataster Anthula 1899
G. †Sphenaster Smith et al. 1999
+
†Sphenaster larumba Smith et al. 1999
Fm. †Micrasteridae Lambert 1920
+
+
Subg. †Diplodetus (Diplodetus) Fischer 1966
†Diplodetus nutrix Boule 1899
+
†Habanaster sanchezi Lambert 1924
G. †Micraster Agassiz 1836
+
Subg. †Micraster (Micraster) Fischer 1966
Subg. †Micraster (Plesiaster) Pomel 1883
†Micraster acutus Agassiz 1836
†Micraster americanus Stephenson 1941
†Micraster carinatus Djabarov 1964
†Micraster coranguinum Leske 1778
†Micraster corbovis Forbes 1850
†Micraster cortestudinarium Goldfuss 1826
†Micraster glyphus Schluter 1869
†Micraster leskei d'Orbigny 1855
†Micraster pseudorostratus Djabarov 1964
†Micraster rogalae Nowak 1909
†Micraster schlueteri Böhm 1891
†Micraster schroederi Stolley 1892
†Micraster uddeni Cooke 1953
G. †Ovulaster
+
†Ovulaster protodecimae Giusberti et al. 2005
†Ovulaster reticulates Smith et al. 1999
G. †Roweaster Smith and Wright 2012
+
†Roweaster cantaber Lambert 1919
Invalid names: Cyclasterinae Poslavskaya 1964 [empty]
Invalid names: Ovulasteridae Lambert 1896 [empty], Plesiasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Mundaster
G. †Murraypneustes Holmes et al. 2005
+
†Murraypneustes biannulatus Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Niponaster Lambert 1920
G. †Orthaster
+
†Orthaster dagestanensis Moskvin 1982
+
Invalid names: Orthaster okhliensis Moskvin 1982 [synonym]
Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
+
Superfm. Paleopneustidea Agassiz 1904
+
Fm. Paleopneustidae Agassiz 1904
+
G. †Nacospatangus Agassiz 1873
+
†Nacospatangus gracilis Agassiz 1873
G. Paleopneustes Agassiz 1873 [heart urchin]
+
†Paleopneustes holmani Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. Pericosmus Agassiz 1847
+
Subg. Pericosmus (Pericosmus) Fischer 1966
Subg. †Pericosmus (Victoriaster) Lambert 1920
†Pericosmus aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1949
+
Invalid names: Mauritanaster depressus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Mauritanaster marroquinensis Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Pericosmus giganteus Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Pericosmus altus Hutton 1873
†Pericosmus annosus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus artemisae Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Pericosmus atolladosae Sanchez Roig 1951
+
Invalid names: Pericosmus rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951 [synonym]
†Pericosmus blanquizalensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Pericosmus borraeus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus camagueyanus Sanchez Roig 1949
†Pericosmus crawfordi Hutton 1873
+
Invalid names: Linthia compressus Duncan 1877 [synonym], Meoma brevipatalata Hutton 1873 [synonym], Pericosmus mccoyi Gregory 1890 [synonym]
†Pericosmus israelskyi Durham 1961
Pericosmus latus Agassiz 1847
†Pericosmus mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952
†Pericosmus roigi Lambert 1921
†Pericosmus scaevus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus valenzuelai Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Pericosmus zanolettii Sanchez-Roig 1953
Invalid names: Megalaster Duncan 1877 [synonym], Pericosmus cubanus Palmer 1949 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Pericosmidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
Fm. Prenasteridae Lambert 1905
+
G. †Carolinaster Osborn et al. 2016
+
†Carolinaster varnami Osborn et al. 2016
Invalid names: Unifasciidae Cooke 1959 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Schizasteridae Lambert 1905
+
G. Agassizia Valenciennes 1846
+
†Agassizia alveari Sanchez Roig 1949
†Agassizia caobaensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Agassizia clevei Cotteau 1875
+
Invalid names: Agassizia avilensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Agassizia conradi Bouvé 1851
†Agassizia floridiana de Loriol 1887
†Agassizia inflata Jackson 1922
†Agassizia persica Clegg 1933
†Agassizia pinarensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Agassizia porifera Ravenel 1848
†Agassizia rimulata Ravenel 1848
†Agassizia scrobiculata Valenciennes 1846
G. †Anisaster Pomel 1886
+
Invalid names: Agassizia flexuosa Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Agassizia lamberti Palmer 1949 [nomen dubium]
+
†Aguayoaster aquayoi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Aguayoaster nuevitasensi Sanchez Roig 1949
†Aguayoaster schickleri Donovan and Rowe 2000
G. Brisaster Gray 1855
+
†Brisaster latifrons Agassiz 1898
†Brisaster maximus Clark 1937
†Brisaster moseleyi Agassiz 1881
†Brisaster townsendi Agassiz 1898
G. †Caribbaster Kier 1984
+
†Caribbaster loveni Cotteau 1875
G. Diploporaster Mortensen 1950
+
†Diploporaster flemingi Henderson 1975
G. †Kina Henderson 1975
+
†Kina gracilis Henderson 1975
G. †Lambertona Sanchez-Roig 1953
+
†Lambertona lyoni Hutton 1873
†Lambertona perdita Henderson 1975
†Lambertona perplexa Henderson 1975
G. †Linthia Desor 1853
+
Subg. †Linthia (Linthia) Fischer 1966
+
†Linthia alabamensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
+
Invalid names: Linthia maverickensis Gardner 1935 [synonym]
†Linthia avilensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Linthia brodermanni Sanchez Roig 1949
+
Invalid names: Linthia alta Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Linthia gonzalezmunozi Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym], Micraster elevatus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Linthia ghiroboensis Tessier and Roman 1973
†Linthia hanoverensis Kellum 1926
†Linthia houzeaui Cotteau 1878
†Linthia monteroae Kier 1984
†Linthia navillei de Loriol 1880
†Linthia praenipponica Nagao 1928
†Linthia prima Cooke 1942
†Linthia sanrafaelensis Israelsky 1923
†Linthia sudanensis Bather 1904
†Linthia variabilis Slocom 1909
†Linthia wilmingtonensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
Invalid names: Linthia cretacica Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Linthia garciai Sanchez Roig 1952 [nomen dubium]
G. Moira Agassiz 1872
+
Subg. Moira (Moira) Fischer 1966
†Moira atropos Lamarck 1816
†Moira clothro Michelin 1855
Invalid names: Moera Michelin 1855 [replaced]
G. †Opissaster Pomel 1883
+
†Opissaster cantabriae Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Opissaster derasmoi Checchia-Rispoli 1850
†Opissaster herrerae Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1923
†Opissaster rotundatus Zittel 1864
†Opissaster tainui Henderson 1975
G. †Prenaster Desor 1853
+
Subg. Prenaster (Prenaster) Fischer 1966
†Prenaster parvus Palmer 1949
†Prenaster synapticus Henderson 1975
G. †Saviniaster Lambert 1911
Invalid names: Prenaster clarki Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Prenaster elongatus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Prenaster sanchezi Lambert 1949 [nomen dubium], Protenaster Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Proraster
+
†Proraster dalli Clark 1891
†Proraster geayi Cottreau 1908
G. Schizaster Agassiz 1835
+
Subg. †Schizaster (Dipneustes) Arnaud 1891
+
†Schizaster (Dipneustes) fosteri McNamara and Philip 1980
Subg. Schizaster (Ova) Gray 1825
Subg. Schizaster (Paraster) Pomel 1869
+
†Paraster armiger Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Paraster delgadoi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Paraster eustatii Engel 1961
†Paraster joannisboehmi Parma and Casadío 2005
†Paraster pinarensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Schizaster (Paraster) carinatus McNamara and Philip 1980
†Schizaster (Paraster) delorenzoi Checchia-Rispoli 1950
†Schizaster (Paraster) rougeriei Tessier and Roman 1973
†Schizaster (Paraster) tatei McNamara and Philip 1980
Invalid names: Prymnaster Koehler 1914 [synonym], Rotundaster Lambert and Thiery 1925 [synonym]
Subg. Schizaster (Schizaster) Agassiz 1836
+
†Schizaster (Schizaster) halli McNamara and Philip 1980
†Schizaster americana Clark and Twitchell 1915
+
Invalid names: Schizaster gigas Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Schizaster pentagonalis Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym]
†Schizaster beckeri Cooke 1942
†Schizaster californicus Weaver 1908
†Schizaster camagueyensis Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster compactus Koehler 1914
†Schizaster costaricensis Durham 1961
†Schizaster cristatus Jackson 1917
†Schizaster cubensis d'Orbigny 1842
†Schizaster cubitabellae Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster deletus Wilckens 1907
†Schizaster delgadoi Sanchez Roig 1953
†Schizaster dumblei Israelsky 1924
†Schizaster egozcuei Lambert 1922
†Schizaster fernandezi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Schizaster floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Schizaster formelli Kier 1984
†Schizaster gerthi Pijpers 1933
+
Invalid names: Paraster clarki Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Schizaster lecontei Merriam 1899
†Schizaster llagunoi Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster munozi Sanchez Roig 1949
+
Invalid names: Paraster orientalis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Paraster tschopi Palmer 1949 [synonym], Schizaster guirensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Schizaster riveroi Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Schizaster neuvitasensis Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster panamensis Jackson 1917
†Schizaster rimosus Desor 1847
†Schizaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Schizaster salutis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster sanctamariae Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster santanae Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster schlosseri Traub 1938
†Schizaster sphenoides Hall 1907
†Schizaster stalderi Weaver 1908
Schizaster studeri Agassiz 1836
†Schizaster subcylindricus Cotteau 1875
Invalid names: Aplospatangus Lambert 1907 [synonym], Brachybrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Schizaster alcaldei Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster cojimarensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster habanensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster moronensis Sanchez Roig 1951 [nomen dubium], Schizaster pastelilloensis Weisbord 1934 [nomen dubium], Schizaster sandiegensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Schizaster sierrai Sanchez Roig 1951 [nomen dubium]
G. †Tripylus
Invalid names: Brisasterinae Markov 1994 [empty]
Invalid names: Periasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
G. †Peroniaster Gauthier 1887
+
†Peroniaster cotteaui Gauthier 1887
G. †Pliotoxaster Fourtau 1906
+
†Pliotoxaster collegnii Sismonda 1843
†Pliotoxaster dieneri de Loriol 1887
+
Invalid names: Pliotoxaster lyonsi Fourtau 1906 [synonym]
Fm. †Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham 1966
+
+
†Iraniaster bowersi Kier 1972
†Iraniaster morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895
G. Spatagobrissus Clark 1923
+
†Spatagobrissus dermodyorum Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Tessieria
Fm. †Toxasteridae Lambert 1920
+
G. †Adytaster
G. †Aphelaster Lambert 1920
+
†Douvillaster triangularis Sanchez Roig 1949
G. †Enallaster d'Orbigny 1853
+
Enallaster texanus Roemer 1849
†Enallaster yuasensis Tanaka and Okubo 1954
G. †Enallopneustes Pomel 1883
+
†Heteraster constrictus Fourtau 1921
†Heteraster oblongus Brogniart 1821
G. †Isaster
+
†Isaster aquitanicus Grateloup 1836
+
Invalid names: Epiaster aquitanicus dOrbigny 1853 [synonym], Ismidaster toulai Boehm 1927 [synonym]
†Isaster benguellensis de Loriol 1888
G. †Macraster Roemer 1888
G. †Polydesmaster Lambert 1920
G. †Toxaster Agassiz 1839
+
†Toxaster retusus Lamarck 1816
G. †Wuarnia
Invalid names: Asterostomatina Fischer 1966 [empty], Palaeostomidae Lovèn 1868 [empty], Toxasterina Fischer 1966 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Berriasian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 141.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 139.1 Ma

Collections (1631 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Jurassic - Valanginian161.5 - 132.6Chile (Huasco) Heteraster sp. (223282)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Cretaceous161.5 - 66.0New Zealand Spatangoidea indet. (37280)
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0Japan (Kumamoto) Plesiaster peini (204448)
Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0Japan (Kagashima) Plesiaster peini (204447)
Middle Berriasian141.0 - 139.1Algeria Toxaster africanus (64360)
Late/Upper Berriasian139.1 - 137.05Algeria Toxaster granosus (64322)
Early/Lower Valanginian137.05 - 132.6France Toxaster granosus (65193)
Late/Upper Valanginian137.05 - 132.6France Toxaster granosus (65189 65190 65191 65192 65194 65197) Toxaster retusus (55745) Toxaster sp. (55746)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6France Toxaster campichei (2214 2216 2218 2219 2220)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Portugal Toxaster casterasi, Toxaster subcavatus (64952 65674) Toxaster sp. (65709) Toxaster subcavatus (65702)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Morocco (Western High Atlas) Toxaster granosus (2062)
Valanginian137.05 - 132.6Switzerland Toxaster campichei (2213 2215 2217) Toxaster granosus (2247)
Valanginian - Hauterivian137.05 - 125.77China (Xizang) Toxaster sp. (61419)
Early/Lower Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77France Toxaster lorioli (65195) Toxaster retusus (68926 68928 68929 68930 68932 68933 68934 68936 68937 68939 68940 68943 68944 68946 68947 68952 68963 68968 68969 68983 68984 68986 68987 68989 68990 68991 68992 68993 68994 68995 68996 68997 69004 69005 69007 69020 69021 69022 69063 69064 69065 69066 69067 69077 69078 69079 69080 69081 69082 69083 69490 69492 69494 69735 69736 69743 69744 69745 69746 69747 69748 69749 69750 69751 69752 69754 69757 69760 69762 69763 69764 69765 69766 69776 69777 69778 69780 69781 69782 69783 69785 69786 69793 69794 69796 84870 84872 84873 84874 84875 84876 84877 84878 84879) Toxaster sp. (61545)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Colombia Toxaster roulinae (97672)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Portugal Toxaster exilis (73321) Toxaster granosus (65745 65753 65756 65757 65759 65767 65773 73136) Toxaster retusus (65858 73143) Toxaster retusus, Heteraster sabugensis, Heteraster corvensis (65876) Toxaster retusus, Toxaster granosus (65752) Toxaster sp. (65854) Toxaster subcavatus, Toxaster granosus, Toxaster exilis (65740)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77France Toxaster complanatus (2203 2206) Toxaster complanatus, Toxaster granosus (2209) Toxaster complanatus, Toxaster granuosus (2199)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Switzerland Toxaster complanatus (2198 2201) Toxaster complanatus, Toxaster granosus (2200)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77Chile (Huasco) Heteraster sp. (223252)
Hauterivian132.6 - 125.77France (Provence) Toxaster sp. (56774 56779)