PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Euechinoidea

Echinoidea

Taxonomy

Euechinoidea was named by Bronn (1860). It is extant.

It was assigned to Echinoidea by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Smith (1991), Smith (1995), Hagdorn (1995), Kroh and Smith (2010) and Smith (2015).

Subtaxa

Acroechinoidea, Diadematacea, Echinacea, Echinothurioida, Galeroclypeus, Loriolella, Serpianotiaroida, Triadocidaridae, Triadotiaroida

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1860	Euechinoidea Bronn p. 249
1984	Euechinoidea Squires p. 55
1987	Euechinoidea Squires p. 72
1991	Euechinoidea Smith p. 18
1995	Euechinoidea Hagdorn p. 249
1995	Euechinoidea Smith p. 123
2010	Euechinoidea Kroh and Smith p. 170
2015	Euechinoidea Smith p. 36

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
—	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Eleutherozoa
—	Echinozoa	()
class	Echinoidea	()
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Euechinoidea Bronn 1860

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Superor. Acroechinoidea Smith 1981

Or. Aspidodiadematoida Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Aspidodiadematidae Duncan 1889

G. Aspidodiadema Agassiz 1878

G. †Culozoma Vadet and Slowik 2001

†Culozoma baroini Vadet and Slowik 2001

G. †Gymnotiara Pomel 1883

†Gymnotiara dumortieri Cotteau 1881

G. Plesiodiadema Pomel 1883

†Plesiodiadema jessoni Gregory 1896

Invalid names: Eosalenia miranda Lambert 1905 [synonym]

Invalid names: Eosalenia [synonym]

G. †Tiaridia Pomel 1883

Unr. Carinacea Kroh and Smith 2010

Unr. Calycina Gregory 1900

Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904

G. †Boletechinus

G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856

Fm. †Diplopodiidae Gregory 1900

Fm. †Emiratiidae Ali 1990

G. †Gauthiosoma

Fm. †Heterodiadematidae Smith and Wright 1993

G. †Leioechinus

Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883

G. †Trochotiara

G. †Zeugopleurus

Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]

Or. Salenioida Delage and Hérouard 1903

Fm. †Acrosaleniidae Gregory 1900

G. †Eurysalenia

Fm. †Hyposaleniidae Mortensen 1934

Fm. Saleniidae Agassiz 1838

Invalid names: Goniophoridae Smith and Wright 1990 [empty], Pseudosaleniidae Vadet 1999 [empty]

G. †Salenocidaris Agassiz 1869

†Salenocidaris hakkaidoensis De Loriol 1902

†Salenocidaris obnupta Schlüter 1892

Fm. †Hemicidaridae Wright 1857

G. †Asterocidaris

G. †Cidaropsis

G. †Eurypneustes

G. †Gymnocidaris Agassiz 1838

†Gymnocidaris cossmanni Lambert 1900

†Gymnocidaris pustulosa Agassiz 1846

G. †Hemicidaris Agassiz 1838

†Hemicidaris abyssinica Blanford 1870

†Hemicidaris alpina Agassiz 1840

†Hemicidaris confluens M'Coy 1848

†Hemicidaris granulosa Wright 1851

†Hemicidaris icaunensis Cotteau 1849

†Hemicidaris intermedia Fleming 1828

†Hemicidaris intumescens Clark 1893

†Hemicidaris koechlini Cotteau 1862

G. †Hemitiaris Pomel 1883

G. †Hessotiara Pomel 1883

G. †Leptarbacia Clark and Twitchell 1915

†Leptarbacia argutus Clark and Twitchell 1915

G. †Plesiocidaris Pomel 1883

G. †Pseudocidaris

†Pseudocidaris ellenbecki Dacque 1905

†Pseudocidaris sanctacrucensis Radwanska 1999

†Pseudocidaris simulans Nisiyama 1950

†Pseudocidaris thurmanni Agassiz 1840

Invalid names: Hemicidaris mammosa Agassiz 1840 [synonym]

G. †Sphaerotiaris Lambert and Thiéry 1914

†Sphaerotiaris quenstedti Merian 1856

Invalid names: Pseudocidaris subcrenularis Gauthier 1873 [synonym]

Unr. Irregularia Latreille 1825

Unr. Atelostomata von Zittel 1879

G. †Aulacopygus Pomel 1883

Fm. †Collyritidae d'Orbigny 1853

Fm. †Disasteridae Gras 1848

Or. Holasteroida Durham and Melville 1957

G. †Notidisaster Smith and Crame 2012

G. †Orbigniana Ebray 1860

Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]

Fm. †Tithoniidae Solovjev 1966

Invalid names: Acrolusiidae Mintz 1968 [empty], Asternata [empty], Pycnasterides Pomel 1869 [empty], Sternata [empty]

Or. Echinoneoida Clark 1925

G. †Cluniaster

Superfm. †Conulidea Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor 1847

G. †Mattsechinus

Or. Holectypoida Duncan 1889

Fm. †Anorthopygidae Wagner and Durham 1966

Fm. †Discoididae Lambert 1900

G. †Duperieria

G. †Echinogalerus

Invalid names: Caratomus Desor 1842 [synonym]

G. †Galerites Lamarck 1801

Invalid names: Adelopneustes Gauthier 1889 [synonym], Echinoconus d'Orbigny 1854 [synonym]

Fm. †Holectypidae Lambert 1900

G. †Neoglobator

Invalid names: Coenholectypidae Smith and Wright 1999 [empty], Conoclypina Haeckel 1896 [empty], Holectypina [empty]

Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984

Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911

Fm. †Galeropygidae Lambert 1911

G. †Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839

Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981

G. †Pygorhytis Pomel 1883

Fm. †Pygasteridae Lambert 1900

G. †Pileus

G. †Plesiechinus Pomel 1883

G. †Pygaster

Fm. †Orthopsidae Duncan 1889

G. †Brochechinus

G. †Dubarechinus

G. †Echinopsis Agassiz 1840

†Echinopsis diatreta Morton 1833

G. †Gymnodiadema

G. †Orthocidaris

G. †Orthopsis Cotteau 1864

†Orthopsis miliaris d'Archiac 1835

Invalid names: Cottaldia australis White 1887 [synonym], Diadema granulare Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Diadema kleinii Desmoulins 1837 [synonym], Diadema polystigma Agassiz 1840 [synonym], Hemipedina charltoni Cragin 1894 [synonym], Orthopsis morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Orthopsis planulata Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Orthopsis sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym], Pseudodiadema grangeri Maury 1936 [synonym]

†Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin 1893

G. †Scaptodiadema

Fm. †Pseudodiadematidae Pomel 1883

G. †Acrocidaris

G. †Heterodiadema Cotteau 1864

†Heterodiadema buhaysensis Smith 1995

†Heterodiadema libycum Agassiz and Desor 1846

†Heterodiadema ornatum Clark and Twitchell 1915

G. †Hypodiadema Desor 1858

†Hypodiadema balsami Stoppani 1865

†Hypodiadema elegans Clark and Twitchell 1915

G. †Loriolia

G. †Microdiadema

G. †Polydiadema

†Polydiadema joaquinensis Grant and Hertlein 1938

Invalid names: Girardema Vadet 1993 [synonym]

G. †Tetragramma Agassiz 1840

†Tetragramma deshayesi Cotteau 1864

Invalid names: Phymosoma braziliensis White 1887 [synonym]

†Tetragramma variolare Brongniart 1822

G. †Tiaromma

Or. Diadematoida Duncan 1889

G. †Ancylocidaris

Fm. Diadematidae Gray 1855

G. †Australidiadema Smith and Crame 2012

†Australidiadema alexanderi Smith and Crame 2012

G. Centrostephanus

†Centrostephanus coronata Verill 1867

†Centrostephanus habanensis Lambert 1925

G. Diadema

†Diadema depressum Agassiz 1846

†Diadema pseudodiadema Lamarck 1816

†Diadema subangulare Goldfuss 1826

G. Echinothrix Peters 1853

†Echinothrix calamaris Pallas 1774

G. †Eodiadema

G. †Kierechinus Philip 1963

Kierechinus melo Kier 1957

G. †Mesodiadema Neumayr 1889

G. †Palaeodiadema

G. †Pedinothuria

G. †Sierradiadema Mooi and Hilton 2014

†Sierradiadema kristini Mooi and Hilton 2014

G. †Endeodiadema

G. †Engelia

G. †Helodiadema

G. †Heteropedina

G. †Macrodiadema

Invalid names: Diadematoina Duncan 1889 [empty]

Or. Micropygoida Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Micropygidae Mortensen 1903

G. Micropyga Agassiz 1879

Fm. †Nicolleaumatidae Vadet 1999

G. †Nicolleauma Vadet 1999

†Nicolleauma chartroni Lambert 1904

†Nicolleauma collenoti Cotteau 1882

†Nicolleauma lacostei Lambert 1933

†Nicolleauma minutum Buckman 1845

Or. Pedinoida Mortensen 1939

G. †Farquharsonia

G. †Leptocidaris

Fm. Pedinidae Pomel 1883

G. Caenopedina Agassiz 1869

G. †Diademopsis

†Diademopsis bonei Wright 1855

†Diademopsis davidsoni Wright 1855

†Diademopsis desori Stoppani 1865

†Diademopsis heberti Agassiz and Desor 1847

†Diademopsis microgramma Wright 1858

†Diademopsis serialis Agassiz 1838

Invalid names: Hemipedina bechei Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina bowerbankii Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina tomesii Wright 1861 [synonym]

†Diademopsis tetragramma Wright 1855

Invalid names: Hemipedina waterhousei Wright 1855 [synonym]

G. †Dumblea Cragin 1893

G. †Echinopedina

Invalid names: Hebertia Lambert 1910 [synonym]

G. †Hemipedina

†Hemipedina beaugrandi Rigaux 1882

†Hemipedina etheridgii Wright 1854

†Hemipedina ferryi Cotteau 1860

Invalid names: Hemipedina chalmasi Cotteau 1883 [synonym]

†Hemipedina hudsoni Kier 1977

†Hemipedina incipiens Bather 1909

†Hemipedina jardinii Wright 1855

†Hemipedina perforata Wright 1851

†Hemipedina taylori Smith and Crame 2012

†Hemipedina tuberculosa Wright 1855

†Hemipedina woodwardii Wright 1855

Invalid names: Hemipedina bathonica Cotteau 1882 [synonym], Hemipedina icaunensis Cotteau 1883 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hemipedina perforata pisolitica Paris 1908 [synonym]

G. †Leiopedina

G. †Loriolipedina

G. †Palaeopedina

G. †Pedina

†Pedina granulosa Agassiz 1847

†Pedina rotata Agassiz 1840

†Pedina salteri de Loriol 1871

Invalid names: Atlasaster [synonym], Hectopedina Thiery 1928 [synonym], Megapedina Lambert and Thiery 1910 [synonym]

G. †Phalacropedina

G. †Phymopedina

†Phymopedina marchamensis Wright 1855

Invalid names: Hemipedina bouchardii Wright 1858 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hemipedina cunningtoni Wright 1855 [nomen dubium], Hemipedina morrisii Wright 1855 [nomen dubium]

G. †Pseudorthopsis

†Pseudorthopsis rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953

G. †Stenechinus

Fm. †Pedinopsidae El Qot et al. 2016

G. †Pedinopsis

†Pedinopsis humilis Fourtau 1921

Invalid names: Diplopodia micropyga Fourtau 1921 [synonym]

†Pedinopsis pondi Clark 1893

Pedinopsis symmetrica Craigin 1893

Invalid names: Orthopsida Mortensen 1942 [empty]

Unr. Diadematacea Duncan 1889

Invalid names: Pygasteroida Durham and Melville 1957 [empty]

Unr. Echinacea Claus 1876

Or. Arbacioida Gregory 1900

Fm. Arbaciidae Gray 1855

G. †Acropeltis

G. †Acrosaster

G. Arbacia Gray 1835

†Arbacia abiquaensis Linder et al. 1988

Arbacia dufresnii Blainville 1825

†Arbacia forbesii Wright 1851

†Arbacia improcera Conrad 1843

Arbacia incisa Agassiz 1863

Arbacia lixula Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Arbacia pustulosa Leske 1778 [synonym]

†Arbacia nodulosa Goldfuss 1826

†Arbacia punctulata Lamarck 1816

†Arbacia rivuli Cooke 1941

†Arbacia sloani Clark and Twitchell 1915

Arbacia spatuligera Valenciennes 1846

†Arbacia waccamaw Cooke 1941

G. Arbaciella Mortensen 1910

G. †Arbia Cooke 1948

†Arbia aldrichi Clark and Twitchell 1915

G. †Atopechinus

G. †Baueria

G. †Codiopsis

†Codiopsis bruni Lambert 1914

Invalid names: Codiopsis pierrensis Smiser 1935 [synonym]

†Codiopsis ciae Lambert 1908

†Codiopsis doma Desmarest 1825

†Codiopsis lehmannae Smith 1995

†Codiopsis stephensoni Cooke 1953

G. Coelopleurus

†Coelopleurus carolinensis Cooke 1941

†Coelopleurus castroi Maury 1930

Coelopleurus coronaformis Israelsky 1923

†Coelopleurus infulatus Morton 1833

†Coelopleurus maculatus Agassiz and Clark 1907

†Coelopleurus singularis Nisiyama 1966

Invalid names: Murravechinus [nomen nudum]

G. †Echinocidaris Duncan

G. †Glypticus

G. †Goniopygus Agassiz 1838

†Goniopygus arabicus Smith 1995

†Goniopygus atavus Nisiyama 1950

†Goniopygus eravillensis Arnaud 1889

†Goniopygus menardi Desmarest in Defrance 1925

†Goniopygus minor Sorignet 1850

Invalid names: Goniopygus heberti Cotteau 1866 [synonym]

†Goniopygus zitteli Clark 1891

G. †Hattopsis Ali 1992

†Hattopsis paucituberculatus Smith 1995

†Hattopsis sphericus Ali 1992

G. †Heteropodia White 1887

G. †Magnosia

G. †Noetlingaster

†Noetlingaster emiratescus Ali 1989

†Noetlingaster paucituberculatus Noetling 1897

Invalid names: Noetlingaster lamberti Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster millosevichi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingaster sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1930 [synonym], Noetlingia boulei Lambert 1906 [synonym], Noetlingia monteili Gauthier 1901 [synonym]

Invalid names: Noetlingia Lambert 1898 [replaced], Protechinus Noetling 1897 [replaced]

G. †Pleiocyphus Pomel 1883

G. Podocidaris Agassiz 1869

Invalid names: Coelopleuridae Märkel 1969 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Dialithocidaris Agassiz 1898

Fm. †Goniopygidae Smith and Wright 1993

G. †Mimiosalenia Smith 1995

†Mimiosalenia quiquetuberculata Smith 1995

G. †Pygmaeocidaris Doederlein 1905

G. †Tetrapygus Agassiz 1841

Tetrapygus niger Molina 1782

Invalid names: Acropeltidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Arbacioina Gregory 1900 [empty], Glypticidae Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [empty], Salenioina Mortensen 1903 [empty]

G. †Besairiecidaris Lambert 1936

G. †Bramus de Gregorio 1930

Or. Camarodonta Jackson 1912

Infraor. Echinidea

Fm. Echinidae Gray 1825

G. †Anapesus Holmes 1860

G. †Atactus

G. Echinus Linnaeus 1758

G. Gracilechinus

G. †Hypechinus

G. †Isechinus Lambert 1903

G. Paracentrotus Mortensen 1903

G. Psammechinus

G. Stirechinus

G. Tripneustes Agassiz 1841

Invalid names: Parechinidae Mortensen 1903 [empty], Triplechinidae [empty]

Infraor. Odontophora Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Echinometridae Gray 1855

G. †Anthocidaris Lütken 1864

G. Echinometra Gray 1825

Invalid names: Ellipsechinus [synonym]

G. Echinostrephus

G. Evechinus

G. Heterocentrotus Brandt 1835

G. Zenocentrotus

Fm. Strongylocentrotidae Gregory 1900

G. Allocentrotus

G. Caenocentrotus Clark 1912

G. Heliocidaris

G. Loxechinus Desor 1856

G. Strongylocentrotus Brandt 1835

Fm. Toxopneustidae Troschel 1872

G. Goniopneustes Duncan 1889

G. Gymnechinus Mortensen 1903

G. Lytechinus Agassiz 1863

G. †Mirechinus Nisiyama 1966

G. Nudechinus Clark 1912

G. †Oligophyma Pomel 1869

G. Pseudoboletia Troschel 1869

G. Pseudocentrotus

G. †Schizechinus Pomel 1869

G. †Scholiechinus Arnold and Clark 1927

G. Sphaerechinus Desor 1856

G. Toxopneustes Agassiz 1841

Fm. Parasaleniidae Mortensen 1903

G. †Diplosalenia

G. Parasalenia

†Parasalenia marianae Cooke 1957

Infraor. Temnopleuridea Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Glyphocyphidae Duncan 1889

G. †Arachniopleurus

G. †Dictyopleurus

G. †Glyphocyphus

G. †Glyptodiadema Pomel 1883

G. †Hemidiadema

G. †Progonechinus

G. †Radiocyphus

Fm. Temnopleuridae Agassiz 1872

G. Amblypneustes

G. Desmechinus

G. †Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860

Invalid names: Echinocyphus Cotteau 1860 [objective synonym]

G. Genocidaris Agassiz 1869

G. †Glyptechinus

G. †Goniosigma

G. †Grammechinus

G. †Graphepleurus

G. †Irenechinus

G. †Leiocyphus

G. †Leptopleurus

G. †Martinechinus

G. Microcyphus

G. Opechinus

G. Ortholophus Duncan 1887

G. †Paradoxechinus

G. Printechinus

G. Prionechinus

G. †Pseudarbacina

G. Pseudechinus

G. †Pseudodicoptella

G. Salmacis

G. †Scolechinus

G. †Temnechinus

Subfm. †Temnopleurinae Agassiz 1872

G. Temnotrema

G. †Triplacidia

G. †Zeuglopleurus

Fm. Trigonocidaridae Mortensen 1903

G. †Trigonocidaris Agassiz 1869

Invalid names: Zeuglopleuridae Lewis 1986 [empty]

G. †Crinocidaris de Gregorio 1930

Fm. †Glyphopneustidae Smith and Wright 1993

G. †Glyphopneustes

†Glyphopneustes hattaensis Ali 1992

Or. †Plesiocidaroida Duncan 1889

Fm. †Tiarechinidae Gregory 1897

G. †Tiarechinus

†Tiarechinus princeps Neumayr 1881

Superor. Stirodonta Jackson 1912

Or. †Hemicidaroida Beurlen 1937

G. †Allomma

G. †Colpotiara

G. †Micropedina Cotteau 1866

†Micropedina gongilensis Brighton 1925

†Micropedina olisiponensis Forbes in Sharpe 1850

Invalid names: Codiopsis cotteaui Coquand 1862 [synonym], Micropedina bipatellis Gregory 1906 [synonym]

G. †Trochodiadema

Or. Stomopneustoida Kroh and Smith 2010

Fm. Stomechinidae Pomel 1883

G. †Circopeltis Pomel 1883

†Circopeltis emiratus Smith 1995

G. †Codechinus Desor 1858

G. †Diplechinus

G. †Diplotagma

G. †Echinotiara Pomel 1883

†Echinotiara perebaskinei Lambert 1930

G. †Jeannetia

G. †Phymechinus Desor 1858

†Phymechinus benoisti Lambert 1900

†Phymechinus mirabilis Agassiz 1846

†Phymechinus perplexus Smith 1995

G. †Phymotaxis Lambert and Thiéry 1914

†Phymotaxis mansfieldi Cooke 1941

G. †Polycyphus Agassiz and Desor 1846

G. †Psephechinus Pomel 1883

†Psephechinus globosus Lambert 1931

G. †Pseudarbacia

G. †Stomechinus Desor 1858

†Stomechinus bigranularis Lamarck 1816

†Stomechinus dissimilaris Linder et al. 1988

†Stomechinus hyatti Clark 1893

G. Stomopneustes Agassiz 1841

†Stomopneustes antiquus Nisiyama 1966

†Stomopneustes pristinus Jackson 1937

G. †Thierychinus

†Thierychinus delaunayi Lambert 1911

G. †Tiarechinopsis

G. †Triadechinus

†Triadechinus multiporus Clark 1927

G. †Trochalosoma

Fm. Stomopneustidae Mortensen 1903

G. †Gomphechinus Pomel 1883

G. †Parastomechinus Philip 1963

†Parastomechinus brightoni Philip 1963

Invalid names: Glyptocidaridae Jensen 1982 [empty]

Invalid names: Temnopleuroidea Mortensen 1942 [empty]

Or. Echinothurioida Claus 1880

Fm. Echinothuriidae Thomson 1872

G. Araeosoma

Subfm. Echinothuriinae Thomson 1872

G. Asthenosoma

G. †Echinothuria

Subfm. Hygrosomatinae Smith and Wright 1990

G. Hygrosoma Hygrosoma 1903

Subfm. Sperosomatinae Smith and Wright 1990

G. Sperosoma Koehler 1897

Fm. Kamptosomatidae Mortensen 1934

G. Kamptosoma Mortensen 1903

Fm. †Pelanechinidae Groom 1887

G. †Pelanechinus

†Pelanechinus corallinus Wright 1858

Invalid names: Pelanodiadema [synonym]

G. †Pseudopedina

†Pseudopedina bakeri Wright 1854

Invalid names: Soudetaster martinezae Vadet et al. 2011 [synonym]

†Pseudopedina divionensis Michelin 1854

Invalid names: Echinopsis smithii Forbes 1856 [synonym], Pseudopedina nodoti Cotteau 1858 [synonym]

Invalid names: Soudetaster Vadet et al. 2011 [synonym]

Invalid names: Pelanodiademidae Hess 1972 [invalid subgroup]

Fm. Phormosomatidae Mortensen 1934

Invalid names: Paraphormosomatinae Smith and Wright 1990 [empty]

G. †Galeroclypeus

G. †Loriolella

Fm. †Triadocidaridae Smith 1994

G. †Levicidaris Kier 1977

†Levicidaris furlani Kier 1984

†Levicidaris pfaifferi Kier 1984

†Levicidaris zardinia Kier 1977

G. †Megaporocidaris Kier 1977

†Megaporocidaris mariana Kier 1977

G. †Mikrocidaris Döderlein 1887

†Mikrocidaris pentagona Münster 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris subpentagona Braun 1841 [synonym]

G. †Parvicidaris Smith 1994

†Parvicidaris microapicalis Smith 1994

G. †Triadocidaris Döderlein 1887

†Triadocidaris giauensis Zardini 1973

†Triadocidaris immunita Bather 1909

†Triadocidaris persimilis Bather 1909

†Triadocidaris subsimilis Münster 1841

†Triadocidaris suessii Laube 1865

†Triadocidaris transversa von Meyer 1847

†Triadocidaris venusta Münster 1841

Invalid names: Cidaris gerana Braun 1841 [synonym]

G. †Vinchuscanchaia Smith 1994

†Vinchuscanchaia kieri Smith 1994

G. †Zardinechinus Kier 1977

†Zardinechinus giulinii Kier 1984

†Zardinechinus lancedelli Zardini 1973

†Zardinechinus pulchellus Smith 1994

†Zardinechinus regularis Smith 1994

†Zardinechinus stanleyi Smith 1994

Invalid names: Serpianotiaroida Hagdorn 1995 [empty], Triadotiaroida Hagdorn 1995 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calcitec

Ontogeny:

accretion, addition of partsp

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

epifaunalc

Diet:

grazerc

Diet 2:

deposit feederc

Vision:

limitedc

Dispersal:

waterp

Dispersal 2:

planktonicp

Created:

2004-02-28 12:05:24

Modified:

2010-02-12 04:00:29

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Frasnian to the top of the Holocene or 382.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 372.2 Ma

Collections (3818 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	Germany	Echinidae indet. (227711 227713 227717) Echinidea indet. (227694 227695)
Triassic	251.902 - 201.4	Hungary (Bakony)	Eodiadema sp., Triadocidaris persimilis (56068)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Hungary (northeastern Hungary)	Triadocidaris hungarica, Triadocidaris liagora (56801)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Poland	Cidaris transversa (63538)
Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Italy	Triadocidaris sp. (230244 230245) Triadocidaris sp., Triadocidaris transversa (175098) Triadocidaris transversa (175096)
Pelsonian - Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	China (Guizhou)	Triadocidaris sp. (31618 31620 31621 31626)
Pelsonian - Illyrian	247.2 - 242.0	Hungary	Echinus sp. (81051)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Italy (Venezia)	Tiarechinus princeps, Levicidaris furlani, Levicidaris pfaifferi, Levicidaris zardinia, Triadocidaris a, Triadocidaris b, Triadocidaris suessii, Triadocidaris venusta, Cidaris gerana, Triadocidaris giauensis, Triadocidaris subsimilis, Megaporocidaris mariana, Zardinechinus giulinii, Zardinechinus lancedelli, Mikrocidaris pentagona (56706)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Hungary (Bakony)	Hemipedina incipiens (55404) Triadocidaris praeernobilis, Triadocidaris immunita (55405)
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Slovenia	Triadocidaris venusta, Zardinechinus lancedelli, Mikrocidaris mariana, Mikrocidaris pentagona (195833)
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Italy	Cidaris venusta, Cidaris gerana, Cidaris subsimilis, Cidaris pentagona, Cidaris subpentagona (137429) Mesodiadema latum (69668)
Norian	228.0 - 208.5	East Timor	Triadocidaris sp. (21182)
Norian	228.0 - 208.5	Peru	Diademopsis heberti, Zardinechinus stanleyi (144532) Vinchuscanchaia kieri, Zardinechinus regularis, Zardinechinus pulchellus, Parvicidaris microapicalis (144533) Zardinechinus regularis, Zardinechinus stanleyi (144408) Zardinechinus stanleyi (36995)
Norian	228.0 - 208.5	Oman (Musandam Peninsula)	Hemipedina hudsoni (56713)
Norian - Rhaetian	228.0 - 201.3	USA (Idaho)	Levicidaris sp., Triadocidaris sp., Zardinechinus sp. (99505)
Norian - Sinemurian	228.0 - 190.8	Peru	Diademopsis sp. (144534)
Alaunian - Sevatian	215.56 - 205.6	Peru	Zardinechinus regularis, Zardinechinus pulchellus (36993)
Rhaetian	208.5 - 201.3	United Kingdom (Warwickshire)	Hemipedina tomesii (196363)
Rhaetian	208.5 - 201.3	Peru	Zardinechinus pulchellus (144531)
Rhaetian	208.5 - 201.3	Italy (Lombardy)	Hypodiadema desori (38082)