Saltville (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Smyth County, Virginia (37.0° N, 81.8° W: paleocoordinates 37.0° N, 81.8° W)

• coordinate stated in text

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Late/Upper Pleistocene (0.1 - 0.0 Ma)

Environment/lithology: lacustrine - small; lithology not reported

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Primary reference: C. E. Ray, B. N. Cooper, and W. S. Benninghoff. 1967. Fossil mammals and pollen in a late Pleistocene deposit at Saltville, Virginia. Journal of Paleontology 41(3):608-622 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 103358: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 26.01.2011, edited by Margaret Shalap

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
"Sucker" indet.4
Amphibia
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufo woodhousei fowleri3
Bufo woodhousei fowleri3 Woodhouse's toad
unclassified
  -
Umbillliferae indet., Campanuyla sp.
Pinopsida
 Pinales - Pinaceae
Pinus sp., Picea sp., Abies sp.
Pinus sp. Linnaeus 1753 pine
Picea sp. Dietrich 1824 spruce
Abies sp. Miller 1754 fir
Angiospermae
 Poales - Poaceae
"Gramineae indet." = Poaceae
"Gramineae indet." = Poaceae Barnhart 1895 true grass
 Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae indet.
Cyperaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 sedge
 Ranunculales - Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae indet.
Ranunculaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 buttercup
 Saxifragales - Haloragaceae
Myriophyllum sp.
Myriophyllum sp. Linnaeus 1753 water milfoil
 Caryophyllales - Polygonaceae
Polygonum sp.
Polygonum sp. Linnaeus 1753 knotweed
 Fagales - Betulaceae
Alnus sp., Betula sp.
Alnus sp. Miller 1754 alder
Betula sp. Linnaeus 1753 birch
 Fagales - Fagaceae
Quercus sp.
Quercus sp. Linnaeus 1753 oak
 Rosales - Rosaceae
Rosaceae indet.
Rosaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 rose
 Malvales - Tiliaceae
Tilia sp.
Tilia sp. Linnaeus 1753 linden
 Alismatales - Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton sp.
Potamogeton sp. Linnaeus 1753 pondweed
unclassified
  -
Bryophyta indet.
Reptilia
 Testudines - Chelydridae
Chelydra serpentina3
Chelydra serpentina3 Linnaeus 1758 Common snapping turtle
 Squamata - Colubridae
Thamnophis sp.3, Elaphe cf. obsoleta3, Nerodia sipedon3, Storeria sp.3
Thamnophis sp.3 Fitzinger 1843 garter snake
Elaphe cf. obsoleta3 Say 1823 black rat snake
Nerodia sipedon3 Linnaeus 1758 northern water snake
Storeria sp.3 Baird and Girard 1853 brown snake
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Mammutidae
Mammut americanum
Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 American mastodon
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
Mammuthus sp.5, Mammuthus columbi2, Mammuthus primigenius
Mammuthus sp.5 Brookes 1828 mammoth
Mammuthus columbi2 Falconer 1857 Columbian mammoth
Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799 wooly mammoth
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Ondatra sp.1
Ondatra sp.1 Link 1795 muskrat
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
? Cervalces sp., ? Cervalces scotti4, Rangifer tarandus, Odocoileus virginianus1
? Cervalces sp. Scott 1885 stag moose
? Cervalces scotti4 Lydekker 1898 stag moose
Specimen similar to but larger than Alces alces
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758 reindeer
Odocoileus virginianus1 Zimmermann 1780 white-tailed deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Ovibovini indet., Bison sp., Bootherium sp., "Symbos cavifrons" = Bootherium bombifrons
Bison sp. Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison
Bootherium sp. Harlan 1825 antelope
"Symbos cavifrons" = Bootherium bombifrons Harlan 1825 antelope
 Perissodactyla - Equidae
Equus sp.
Equus sp. Linnaeus 1758 horse
 Carnivora - Ursidae
Arctodus simus5
Arctodus simus5 Cope 1879 giant short-faced bear
 Megatherioidea - Megalonychidae
Megalonyx jeffersonii
Megalonyx jeffersonii Desmarest 1822 Jefferson's ground sloth
or M. dissimilis
Amphibia
 Caudata - Urodela
Notophthalmus cf. viridescens3
Notophthalmus cf. viridescens3 Rafinesque 1820 Eastern newt
 Salientia - Ranidae
Rana pipiens3
Rana pipiens3 Schreber 1782 Northern leopard frog
Bivalvia
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Cryptogramma acrosticoides" = Anomalocardia
"Cryptogramma acrosticoides" = Anomalocardia venus clam
unclassified
  -
Fungi indet.
Fungi indet. Jahn and Jahn 1959
1Eshelman and Grady 1986; 2France et al. 2007; 3Holman and McDonald 1986; 4McDonald and Bartlett 1983; 5Schubert and Wallace 2009