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Ornithurae
Taxonomy
Ornithurae was named by Haeckel (1866). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Chatterjee (1991), Chiappe (2002).
It was synonymized subjectively with Eurhipidurae by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ornithurae by Gauthier (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Ji et al. (1999), Sereno (1999), Norell and Clarke (2001), Chiappe (2002), Chatterjee (2002), Padian (2004), Zhou and Zhang (2006), You et al. (2006), Senter (2007), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), McLachlan et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Ji et al. (1999), Padian (2004); to Avialae by Gauthier (1986), Norell and Clarke (2001), Clarke (2004), Clarke et al. (2005); to Aves by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Ornithuromorpha by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006), Kurochkin et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), McLachlan et al. (2017); to Aves by Chatterjee (2002), Senter et al. (2004), Senter (2007), Martin and Cordes-Person (2007), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), Huang et al. (2018); and to Aves by Haeckel (1866), Swinton (1934), Martin (1984), Chatterjee (1991), Olson (1992), Hou (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Kurochkin (2000), Zhou and Zhang (2006), Novas et al. (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Eurhipidurae by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ornithurae by Gauthier (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Ji et al. (1999), Sereno (1999), Norell and Clarke (2001), Chiappe (2002), Chatterjee (2002), Padian (2004), Zhou and Zhang (2006), You et al. (2006), Senter (2007), Livezey and Zusi (2007), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), McLachlan et al. (2017), Huang et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Ji et al. (1999), Padian (2004); to Avialae by Gauthier (1986), Norell and Clarke (2001), Clarke (2004), Clarke et al. (2005); to Aves by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Ornithuromorpha by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006), Kurochkin et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2014), McLachlan et al. (2017); to Aves by Chatterjee (2002), Senter et al. (2004), Senter (2007), Martin and Cordes-Person (2007), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), Huang et al. (2018); and to Aves by Haeckel (1866), Swinton (1934), Martin (1984), Chatterjee (1991), Olson (1992), Hou (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Kurochkin (2000), Zhou and Zhang (2006), Novas et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Apatornis, Archaeovolans, Carinatae, Cerebavis, Changzuiornis, Chaoyangiformes, Chaoyangornithiformes, Dromaeognathae, Gargantuaviidae, Gobipterygiformes, Guildavis, Hesperornithiformes, Iaceornis, Ichthyornithes, Kookne, Kuszholia, Liaoningornithiformes, Limenavis, Odontoholcae, Odontoholomorphae, Qinornis, Tingmiatornis, Yanornithiformes, Yixianornithiformes
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Ornithurae Haeckel p. CXL |
| 1934 | Ornithurae Swinton p. 1 |
| 1984 | Ornithurae Martin p. 146 |
| 1986 | Ornithurae Gauthier p. 11 |
| 1991 | Ornithurae Chatterjee p. 327 |
| 1992 | Ornithurae Olson |
| 1994 | Ornithurae Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1 |
| 1997 | Ornithurae Hou |
| 1997 | Ornithurae Sereno p. 444 |
| 1998 | Ornithurae Sereno p. 65 |
| 1999 | Ornithurae Ji et al. p. 5 |
| 1999 | Ornithurae Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2 |
| 2000 | Ornithurae Kurochkin p. 544 |
| 2001 | Ornithurae Norell and Clarke p. 181 |
| 2002 | Ornithurae Chatterjee p. 128 |
| 2002 | Ornithurae Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
| 2004 | Ornithurae Clarke p. 20 |
| 2004 | Ornithurae Padian p. 212 |
| 2004 | Ornithurae Senter et al. p. 2 fig. 2 |
| 2005 | Ornithurae Clarke et al. p. 307 |
| 2006 | Ornithurae You et al. p. 1643 figs. Fig. 3 |
| 2006 | Ornithurae Zhou and Zhang p. 79 |
| 2007 | Ornithurae Livezey and Zusi p. 89 |
| 2007 | Ornithurae Martin and Cordes-Person p. 229 |
| 2007 | Ornithurae Senter p. 437 |
| 2010 | Ornithurae Tykoski and Fiorillo p. 288 |
| 2013 | Ornithurae Kurochkin et al. |
| 2014 | Ornithurae Wang et al. |
| 2017 | Ornithurae McLachlan et al. p. 3 |
| 2018 | Ornithurae Huang et al. |
| 2019 | Ornithurae Novas et al. p. 261 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. Ornithurae Haeckel 1866
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Unr. †Carinatae Merrem 1813
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Subor. †Colymbiformes
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Fm. Colymbidae Shaw 1824
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G. Colymbus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. Colymbus (Colymbus) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Colymbus (Dytes) Kaup 1829
†Colymbus (Dytes) oligocaenus Shufeldt 1915
†Colymbus portisi Regalia 1902
†Colymbus subparvus Miller and Bowman 1958
Subor. Galliformes Temminck 1820 [fowl]
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G. †Amitabha Gulas-Wroblewski and Wroblewski 2003
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†Amitabha urbsinterdictensis Gulas-Wroblewski and Wroblewski 2003
G. †Archaealectrornis Crowe and Short 1992
G. †Argillipes Harrison and Walker 1977
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†Argillipes aurorum Harrison and Walker 1977
†Argillipes paralectoris Harrison and Walker 1977
Fm. Cracidae Vigors 1825
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G. Ortalis Merrem 1786 [chachalaca]
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Ortalis canicollis Wagler 1830 [Chaco chachalaca]
Ortalis cinereiceps Gray 1867 [Grey-headed Chachalaca]
Ortalis leucogastra Gould 1843 [White-bellied chachalaca]
Ortalis motmot Linnaeus 1766 [Little chachalaca]
†Ortalis phengites Wetmore 1923
†Ortalis pollicaris Miller 1944
Ortalis superciliaris Gray 1867 [Buff-browed chachalaca]
†Ortalis tantala Wetmore 1933
Ortalis vetula Wagler 1830 [Plain chachalaca]
G. Penelope Merrem 1786
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Penelope argyrotis Bonaparte 1856 [Band-tailed guan]
Penelope barbata Chapman 1921 [Bearded guan]
Penelope marail Müller 1776 [Marail guan]
Penelope montagnii Bonaparte 1856 [Andean guan]
Penelope ortoni Salvin 1874 [Baudo guan]
Penelope purpurascens Wagler 1830 [crested guan]
Penelope superciliaris Temminck 1815 [Rusty-margined guan]
Subfm. Penelopinae Huxley 1868
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G. †Aburria Reichenbach 1853
G. Chamaepetes Wagler 1832 [guan]
G. Penelopina Reichenbach 1861 [Highland guan]
G. Pipile Bonaparte 1856 [Piping-guan]
Invalid names: Ortalisinae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Fm. †Gallinuloididae Lucas 1900
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G. †Eortyx Brodkorb 1967
G. †Paraortygoides Mayr 2000
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†Paraortygoides argillae Mayr and Kitchener 2024
†Paraortygoides messelensis Mayr 2000
†Paraortygoides radagasti Dyke and Gulas 2002
Superfm. Galloidae Hay 1930
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Fm. Megapodiidae Lesson 1831 [megapode]
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G. Aepypodius Oustalet 1880 [Brush-turkeys]
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Aepypodius arfakianus Salvadori 1877 [Wattled brush-turkey]
Aepypodius bruijnii Oustalet 1880 [Waigeo brush-turkey]
G. Eulipoa Ogilvie-Grant 1893 [Moluccan scrubfowl]
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Eulipoa wallacei Gray 1860 [Moluccan scrubfowl]
G. †Latagallina Shute et al. 2017
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†Latagallina naracoortensis van Tets 1974
†Latagallina olsoni Shute et al. 2017
G. Megapodius Gaimard 1823 [scrubfowl]
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†Megapodius alimentum Steadman 1989 [consumed scrubfowl]
†Megapodius amissus Worthy 2000
Megapodius bernsteinii Schlegel 1866 [Sula scrubfowl]
Megapodius cumingii Dillwyn 1853 [Philippine scrubfowl]
Megapodius decollatus Oustalet 1878 [New Guinea scrubfowl]
Megapodius eremita Hartlaub 1868 [Melanesian scrubfowl]
Megapodius freycinet Gaimard 1823 [dusky scrubfowl]
Megapodius geelvinkianus Meyer 1874 [Biak scrubfowl]
Megapodius laperouse Gaimard 1823 [Micronesian scrubfowl]
Megapodius layardi Tristram 1879 [Vanuatu scrubfowl]
†Megapodius molistructor Balouet and Olson 1989 [pile-builder megapode]
Megapodius nicobariensis Blyth 1846 [Nicobar scrubfowl]
Megapodius pritchardii Gray 1864 [Niuafoou scrubfowl]
Megapodius reinwardt Dumont 1823 [Orange-footed scrubfowl]
Megapodius tenimberensis Sclater 1883 [Tanimbar scrubfowl]
G. †Progura De Vis 1889
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†Progura campestris Shute et al. 2017
†Progura gallinacea De Vis 1889
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Invalid names: Chosornis praeteritus De Vis 1889 [synonym], Palaeopelargus nobilis De Vis 1892 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chosornis De Vis 1889 [synonym], Palaeopelargus De Vis 1892 [synonym]
G. Talegalla Lesson 1828 [Brush-turkeys]
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Talegalla cuvieri Lesson 1828 [Red-billed brush-turkey]
Talegalla fuscirostris Salvadori 1877 [Black-billed brush-turkey]
Talegalla jobiensis Meyer 1874 [Collared brush-turkey]
Fm. Numididae Reichenbach 1850 [guineafowl]
+
G. Numida Linnaeus 1766 [helmeted guineafowl]
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Numida meleagris Linnaeus 1758 [helmeted guineafowl]
Invalid names: Telecrecinae Wetmore 1934 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Odontophoridae Gould 1844 [New World quail]
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G. Caccabis Kaup 1829
G. Callipepla Wagler 1832 [crested quail]
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Callipepla californica Shaw 1798 [California quail]
Callipepla douglasii Vigors 1829 [elegant quail]
Callipepla gambelii Gambel 1843 [Gambel's quail]
Invalid names: Lophortyx Bonaparte 1838 [synonym]
G. Colinus Goldfuss 1820 [bobwhite]
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Colinus cristatus Linnaeus 1758 [crested bobwhite]
†Colinus eatoni Shufeldt 1915
†Colinus hibbardi Wetmore 1944
†Colinus suilium Brodkorb 1959
Colinus virginianus Linnaeus 1758 [northern bobwhite]
Invalid names: Ortyx Stephens 1819 [replaced]
G. Cyrtonyx Gould 1844
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†Cyrtonyx cooki Wetmore 1934
Cyrtonyx montezumae Vigors 1830 [Montezuma quail]
Cyrtonyx ocellatus Gould 1837 [ocellated quail]
†Cyrtonyx tedfordi Miller 1952 [quail]
G. Odontophorus Vieillot 1816
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Odontophorus capueira Spix 1825 [Spot-winged wood-quail]
Odontophorus columbianus Gould 1850 [Venezuelan wood-quail]
Odontophorus guttatus Gould 1838 [spotted wood-quail]
Fm. †Paraortygidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992
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G. †Xorazmortyx Zelenkov and Panteleyev 2019
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†Xorazmortyx turkestanensis Zelenkov and Panteleyev 2019
Fm. Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 [pheasant]
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G. Alectoris Kaup 1829 [partridge]
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†Alectoris baryosefi Tchernov 1980
†Alectoris bavarica Ballman 1966
Alectoris chukar Gray 1830 [chukar]
Alectoris graeca Meisner 1804 [rock partridge]
†Alectoris prisca Milne-Edwards 1871
Alectoris rufa Linnaeus 1758 [red-legged partridge]
Invalid names: Chauvireria Boev 1997 [synonym]
G. Coturnix Bonnaterre 1791 [quail]
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Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus 1758 [common quail]
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Invalid names: Scolopax ghardalamensi Fischer and Stephan 1974 [synonym]
†Coturnix gomerae Jaume et al. 1993 [Canary Islands quail]
Coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1849 [Japanese quail]
†Coturnix longipes Milne-Edwards 1871
+
Invalid names: Palaeocryptonyx gaillardi Ennouchi 1930 [synonym]
†Coturnix novaezelandiae Quoy and Gaimard 1830 [New Zealand quail]
Coturnix pectoralis Gould 1837 [stubble quail]
Invalid names: Palaeoperdix Milne-Edwards 1871 [synonym]
G. Dendragapus Elliot 1864
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Dendragapus fuliginosus Ridgway 1873 [sooty grouse]
†Dendragapus gilli Shufeldt 1891
Dendragapus obscurus Say 1823 [dusky grouse]
Invalid names: Palaeotetrix Shufeldt 1891 [synonym]
G. Falcipennis Elliot 1864
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Falcipennis canadensis Linnaeus 1758 [spruce grouse]
Invalid names: Canachites Stejneger 1885 [synonym]
G. Gallus Brisson 1766 [junglefowl]
+
†Gallus beremendensis Jánossy 1976
†Gallus bravardi Gervais 1852
†Gallus europaeus Harrison 1978
Gallus gallus Linnaeus 1758 [chicken]
†Gallus moldovicus Burčak-Abramovič and Ganea 1993
G. Lagopus Brisson 1760 [ptarmigan]
+
†Lagopus atavus Jánossy 1976
†Lagopus balcanicus Boev 1995
Lagopus lagopus Linnaeus 1758 [willow ptarmigan]
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Invalid names: Lagopus medius Woldřich 1893 [synonym]
Lagopus leucura Richardson 1831 [white-tailed ptarmigan]
Lagopus muta Montin 1781 [rock ptarmigan]
†Lagopus voinstvenskii Ganea 1972
G. Lyrurus Swainson 1832
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†Lyrurus partium Kretzoi 1962
Lyrurus tetrix Linnaeus 1758 [black grouse]
G. Meleagris Linnaeus 1758 [turkey]
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†Meleagris altus Marsh 1872
†Meleagris californica Miller 1909
†Meleagris celer Marsh 1872
†Meleagris crassipes Miller 1940
Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus 1758 [wild turkey]
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Invalid names: Ardea sellardsi Shufeldt 1917 [synonym]
†Meleagris leopoldi Miller and Bowman 1956
†Meleagris richmondi Shufeldt 1915
†Meleagris superba Cope 1870
†Meleagris tridens Wetmore 1931
G. †Miogallus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Miophasianus Lambrecht 1933
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†Miophasianus altus Milne-Edwards 1871
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Invalid names: Ardea similis Fraas 1870 [synonym], Gallus longaevus von Ammon 1918 [synonym], Palaeortyx maxima Lydekker 1893 [synonym], Phasianus augustus von Ammon 1918 [synonym], Phasianus desnoyersi Milne-Edwards 1871 [synonym], Tantalus milneedwardsii Shufeldt 1896 [synonym]
†Miophasianus medius Milne-Edwards 1871
G. †Palaeocryptonyx Depéret 1892
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†Palaeocryptonyx donnezani Deperet 1890
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Invalid names: Ammoperdix ponticus Tugarinov 1940 [synonym], Francolinus subfrancolinus Jánossy 1976 [synonym], Francolinus wezensis Jánossy 1981 [synonym]
†Palaeocryptonyx grivensis Ennouchi 1930
G. †Palaeortyx Milne-Edwards 1869
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†Palaeortyx blanchardi Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaeortyx brevipes Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaeortyx caluxyensis Gaillard 1908
†Palaeortyx gaillardi Lambrecht 1933
†Palaeortyx gallica Milne-Edwards 1869
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Invalid names: Coturnix miocenica de Villalta 1963 [synonym], Palaeortyx depereti Ennouchi 1930 [synonym], Palaeortyx grivensis Lydekker 1893 [synonym], Palaeortyx ocyptera Milne-Edwards 1891 [synonym], Rallus dasypus Milne-Edwards 1891 [synonym]
†Palaeortyx intermedia Ballman 1966
†Palaeortyx joleaudi Ennouchi 1930
†Palaeortyx major Gaillard 1939
†Palaeortyx media Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaeortyx phasianoides Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaeortyx volans Gohlich and Pavia 2008
G. Pavo Linnaeus 1758 [peafowl]
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Pavo cristatus Linnaeus 1758 [Indian peafowl]
†Pavo moldavicus Bocheński and Kuročkin 1987
Pavo muticus Linnaeus 1766 [green peafowl]
G. †Percolinus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Perdix Brisson 1760 [partridge]
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†Perdix palaeoperdix Mourer-Chauviré 1975
Perdix perdix Linnaeus 1758 [grey partridge]
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Invalid names: Alectoris sutcliffei Harrison 1980 [synonym]
Subfm. Phasianinae Horsfield 1821
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G. †Archaeophasianus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Palaeophasianus Shufeldt 1913
Tr. Perdicini
Tr. Phasianini Horsfield 1821
Invalid names: Coturnicini Reichenbach 1848 [empty], Gallini Brehm 1831 [empty], Lophophorini Gray 1841 [empty], Pavonini Rafinesque 1815 [empty], Polyplectronini Blyth 1852 [empty], Tetraonini Leach 1820 [empty]
G. Phasianus Linnaeus 1758
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†Phasianus alfhildae Shufeldt 1915
†Phasianus americanus Shufeldt 1915
†Phasianus bulgaricus Boev 2020
Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus 1758 [ring-necked pheasant]
†Phasianus etuliensis Bocheński and Kuročkin 1987
†Phasianus hermonis Gaudry 1862
†Phasianus lufengia Hou 1985
†Phasianus mioceanus Shufeldt 1915
G. †Pirortyx Brodkorb 1964
G. †Pliogallus Gaillard 1939
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†Pliogallus coturnoides Tugarinov 1940
†Pliogallus crassipes Gaillard 1939
†Pliogallus kormosi Gaillard 1939
G. Pternistis Wagler 1832
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Pternistis capensis Gmelin 1789 [cape francolin]
Pternistis clappertoni Children and Vigors 1826 [Clapperton's francolin]
G. Synoicus Gould 1843
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Synoicus chinensis Linnaeus 1766 [blue-breasted quail]
Synoicus ypsilophorus Bosc 1793 [brown quail]
Invalid names: Excalfactoria Bonaparte 1856 [synonym]
G. Tetrao Linnaeus 1758
+
†Tetrao conjugens Jánossy 1974
†Tetrao macropus Jánossy 1967
†Tetrao praeurogallus Jánossy 1969
†Tetrao rhodopensis Boev 1998
Tetrao urogalloides Middendorff 1853 [black-billed capercaillie]
+
Invalid names: Tetrao parvirostris Bonaparte 1856 [synonym]
Tetrao urogallus Linnaeus 1758 [western capercaillie]
G. Tympanuchus Gloger 1841
+
Tympanuchus cupido Linnaeus 1758 [greater prairie chicken]
+
Invalid names: Cupidonia americanus Reichenbach 1852 [synonym]
†Tympanuchus lulli Shufeldt 1915
Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Ridgway 1873 [lesser prairie chicken]
Tympanuchus phasianellus Linnaeus 1758 [sharp-tailed grouse]
†Tympanuchus stirtoni Miller 1944
Invalid names: Cupidonia Reichenbach 1852 [synonym], Pedioecetes Baird 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alectoris pliocaena Tugarinov 1940 [invalid subgroup], Perdicinae [invalid subgroup], Rollulinae Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Tetraoninae Linnaeus 1758 [empty]
Fm. †Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992
+
G. †Scopelortyx Mourer-Chauvire et al. 2015
+
†Scopelortyx klinghardtensis Mourer-Chauvire et al. 2015
G. †Taoperdix Milne-Edwards 1869
+
†Taoperdix miocaena Ballman 1966
†Taoperdix pessieti Gervais 1862
Fm. †Waltonortygidae Mayr and Kitchener 2024
+
Invalid names: Galli [empty], Odontiphorinidae Gould 1844 [empty], Phasanidae Monroe and Sibley 1893 [empty], Sylviornithes Worthy et al. 2017 [empty]
Invalid names: Anatiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Diatrymatiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Fm. †Gargantuaviidae Buffetaut and Angst 2019
+
G. †Gargantuavis Buffetaut and Le Loeuff 1998
+
†Gargantuavis philoinos Buffetaut and Le Loeuff 1998
Or. †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888
+
Fm. †Baptornithidae American Ornithologists' Union 1910
+
G. †Baptornis Marsh 1877
+
†Baptornis advenus Marsh 1877
Invalid names: Parascaniornis Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Parascaniornis stensioei Lambrecht 1933 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Brodavidae Martin et al. 2012
+
G. †Brodavis Martin et al. 2012
+
†Brodavis americanus Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis baileyi Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis mongoliensis Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis varneri Martin and Cordes-Person 2007
G. †Enaliornis Seeley 1876
+
†Enaliornis barretti Seeley 1866
†Enaliornis sedgwicki Seeley 1869
†Enaliornis seeleyi Galton and Martin 2002
†Enaliornis segdwicki Seeley 1869
Invalid names: Pelagornis Seeley 1866 [replaced]
Unr. †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872
+
G. †Asiahesperornis Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
+
†Asiahesperornis bazhanovi Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
G. †Hesperornis Marsh 1872
+
†Hesperornis altus Marsh 1893
†Hesperornis bairdi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis chowi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis crassipes Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis lumgairi Aotsuka and Sato 2016
†Hesperornis macdonaldi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis mengeli Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis montanus Shufeldt 1915
†Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872
†Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov 1993
Invalid names: Coniornis Marsh 1893 [synonym], Hargeria Lucas 1903 [synonym], Lestornis Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asiahesperornithinae Nessov and Prizemlin 1991 [empty]
G. †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk et al. 1997
+
†Pasquiaornis hardiei Tokaryk et al. 1997
†Pasquiaornis tankei Tokaryk et al. 1997
Invalid names: Enaliornithidae [empty]
Unr. †Ichthyornithes Marsh 1873
+
G. †Ichthyornis Marsh 1872
+
†Ichthyornis dispar Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Colonosaurus mudgei Marsh 1872 [objective synonym], Ichthyornis agilis Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ichthyornis anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Ichthyornis antecessor Wetmore 1962 [synonym], Ichthyornis validus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Ichthyornis victor Marsh 1876 [synonym]
†Ichthyornis minusculus Nessov 1990
Invalid names: Angelinornis Kashin 1972 [synonym], Colonosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Fm. †Ichthyornithidae Marsh 1873
+
Invalid names: Angelinornithidae Kashin 1972 [synonym], Plegadornithidae Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Apatornithidae Fürbringer 1888 [empty]
Or. †Yanornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
Fm. †Yanornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
G. †Yanornis Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
†Yanornis guozhangi Wang et al. 2013
†Yanornis martini Zhou and Zhang 2001
Invalid names: Aberratiodontus Gong et al. 2004 [synonym]
Or. †Yixianornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
Invalid names: Yixianornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Invalid names: Chaoyangornithiformes Hou 1997 [empty], Dromaeognathae Huxley 1867 [empty], Gobipterygiformes Elzanowski 1974 [empty], Odontoholcae Stejneger 1884 [empty], Odontoholomorphae [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. Chatterjee 1991 | Synapomorphies of the Ornithurae
The Ornithurae are considered to form a monophyletic group on the basis of the following four synapomorphies: (23) nasals do not meet broadly but are separated anteriorly by the intervening premaxillae; (24) the nasal process of premaxilla extends posteriorly to the level of lacrimals; (25) presence of ossified mesethmoid. |