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Adapiformes

Osteichthyes - Primates

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1977Adapiformes Hoffstetter
1988Adapiformes Carroll
2001Adapiformes Gunnell and Miller p. 189
2002Adapiformes Gebo
2004Adapiformes Kay et al. p. 100
2005Adapiformes Bajpai et al. p. 43
2006Adapiformes Marivaux et al. p. 426
2008Adapiformes Chaimanee et al.
2011Adapiformes Kirk and Williams p. 157

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—Euarchonta
orderPrimates
suborderStrepsirrhiniGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
infraorderAdapiformesHoffstetter 1977
infraorderAdapiformesHoffstetter 1977

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. †Adapiformes Hoffstetter 1977
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Fm. †Adapidae Trouessart 1879
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Subtr. †Adapina Trouessart 1879
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G. †Cryptadapis Godinot 1984
Subfm. †Adapinae Trouessart 1879
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G. †Adapis Cuvier 1822
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†Adapis collinsonae Hooker 1986
†Adapis parisiensis Blainville 1841
†Adapis stintoni Gingerich 1977
†Adapis sudrei Gingerich 1977
G. †Adapoides Beard et al. 1994
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†Adapoides troglodytes Beard et al. 1994
G. †Leptadapis Gervais 1876
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Subg. †Leptadapis (Paradapis) Tattersall and Schwartz 1983
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†Leptadapis capellae Crusafont-Pairo 1967
†Leptadapis filholi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Leptadapis leenhardti Stehlin 1912
†Leptadapis magnus Filhol 1874
†Leptadapis ruetimeyeri Filhol 1874
G. †Magnadapis Godinot and Couette 2008
+
†Magnadapis fredi Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis intermedius Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis laurenceae Godinot and Couette 2008
†Magnadapis quercyi Godinot and Couette 2008
G. †Microadapis Szalay 1974
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†Microadapis sciureus Stehlin 1916
G. †Protoadapis Lemoine 1878
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†Protoadapis angustidens Filhol 1888
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Invalid names: Pronycticebus mancyi Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
†Protoadapis filholi Gingerich 1977
Invalid names: Protoadapis crassicuspidens Lemoine 1878 [nomen nudum]
G. †Donrussellia Szalay 1976
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†Donrussellia gallica Russell et al. 1967
†Donrussellia lusitanica Estravís 2000
†Donrussellia magna Godinot et al. 1987
†Donrussellia provincialis Godinot 1978
G. †Pelycodus Cope 1875
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†Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich and Lucas 1991
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Invalid names: Pelycodus schidelerorum Kihm 1992 [synonym]
†Pelycodus eppsi Cooper 1932
†Pelycodus jarrovii Cope 1874
†Pelycodus savagei Gingerich 1977
G. †Sivaladapis Gingerich and Sahni 1979
+
†Sivaladapis nagrii Prasad 1970
†Sivaladapis palaeindicus Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Arisella Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium], Arisella capellae Crusafont Pairó 1967 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Adapoidea Trouessart 1879
+
Fm. †Notharctidae Trouessart 1879
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Subfm. †Asiadapinae Rose et al. 2009
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G. †Asiadapis Rose et al. 2007
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†Asiadapis cambayensis Rose et al. 2007
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Invalid names: Suratius robustus Bajpai et al. 2007 [synonym]
†Asiadapis tapiensis Rose et al. 2018
Invalid names: Suratius Bajpai et al. 2007 [synonym]
G. †Marcgodinotius Bajpai et al. 2005
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†Marcgodinotius indicus Bajpai et al. 2005
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Invalid names: Anthrasimias gujaratensis Bajpai et al. 2008 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anthrasimias Bajpai et al. 2008 [synonym]
G. †Cantius Simons 1962
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†Cantius abditus Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius actius Gunnell 1995
†Cantius angulatus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Smilodectes gingerichi Beard 1988 [synonym]
†Cantius eppsi Cooper 1932
†Cantius frugivorus Cope 1875
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Invalid names: Copelemur feretutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym]
†Cantius mckennai Gingerich and Simons 1977
†Cantius nunienus Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Copelemur consortutus Gingerich and Simons 1977 [synonym], Notharctus limosus Gazin 1952 [synonym]
†Cantius ralstoni Matthew 1915
†Cantius savagei Gingerich 1977
†Cantius simonsi Gunnell 2002
†Cantius torresi Gingerich 1986
†Cantius trigonodus Matthew 1915
Invalid names: Hesperolemur Gunnell 1995 [synonym]
Subfm. †Cercamoniinae Gingerich 1975
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G. †Agerinia Crusafont-Pairó and Golpe-Posse 1973
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†Agerinia marandati Femenias-Gual et al. 2017
†Agerinia roselli Crusafont-Pairó 1967
†Agerinia smithorum Femenias-Gual et al. 2016
Invalid names: Agerina Crusafont Pairó 1967 [replaced]
Tr. †Anchomomyini Szalay and Delson 1979
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G. †Anchomomys Stehlin 1916
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Invalid names: Laurasia Schwartz and Tattersall 1983 [synonym]
G. †Mazateronodon Marigó et al. 2010
Invalid names: Shizarodon Gheerbrant et al. 1993 [nomen dubium], Shizarodon dhofarensis Gheerbrant et al. 1993 [nomen dubium]
G. †Barnesia Thalmann 1994
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†Barnesia hauboldi Gebo 2002
G. †Buxella Godinot 1988
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†Buxella magna Godinot 1988
†Buxella prisca Godinot 1988
G. †Cercamonius Gingerich 1975
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G. †Europolemur Weigelt 1933
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†Europolemur kelleri Franzen 2000
†Europolemur klatti Weigelt 1933
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Invalid names: Alsatia dunaifi Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
†Europolemur koenigswaldi Franzen 1987
†Europolemur midiensis Godinot et al. 2018
Invalid names: Alsatia Tattersall and Schwartz 1983 [synonym]
G. †Nievesia Marigó et al. 2013
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†Nievesia sossisensis Marigó et al. 2013
G. †Panobius Russell and Gingerich 1987
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†Panobius afridi Russell and Gingerich 1987
†Panobius amplior Gunnell et al. 2008
†Panobius russelli Gunnell et al. 2008
G. †Periconodon Stehlin 1916
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†Periconodon helleri Schwartz et al. 1983
†Periconodon helveticus Rütimeyer 1891
†Periconodon huerzeleri Gingerich 1977
†Periconodon jaegeri Godinot 1988
†Periconodon lemoinei Gingerich 1977
Invalid names: Hallelemur Schwartz et al. 1983 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anchomomynini Szalay and Delson 1979 [empty]
Subfm. †Notharctinae Trouessart 1879
+
G. †Copelemur Gingerich and Simons 1977
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†Copelemur praetutus Gazin 1962
†Copelemur tutus Cope 1877
G. †Notharctus Leidy 1870
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†Notharctus robinsoni Gingerich 1979
†Notharctus robustior Leidy 1872
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Invalid names: Telmatolestes crassus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
†Notharctus tenebrosus Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Hipposyus formosus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium affine Marsh 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium tyrannus Marsh 1871 [synonym], Notharctus formosus Gregory 1916 [synonym], Notharctus osborni Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus pugnax Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Thinolestes anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium rostratum Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Notharctus venticolus Osborn 1902
+
Invalid names: Cantius antediluvius Kihm 1992 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hipposyus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Limnotherium Marsh 1871 [synonym], Pelycodus relictus Gregory 1917 [nomen nudum], Telmalestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinolestes Marsh 1872 [synonym], Tomitherium Cope 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pondaunginae Ciochon and Holroyd 1994
+
Invalid names: Siamopithecini Gunnell et al. 2002 [empty]
G. †Rouzilemur Godinot et al. 2018
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†Rouzilemur pulcher Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Smilodectes Wortman 1903
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†Smilodectes gracilis Marsh 1871
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Invalid names: Aphanolemur gibbosus Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym], Notharctus matthewi Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
†Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich 1979
†Smilodectes sororis Gunnell 2002
Invalid names: Aphanolemur Granger and Gregory 1917 [synonym]
Subfm. †Caenopithecinae Szalay and Delson 1979
+
G. †Afradapis Seiffert et al. 2009
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†Afradapis longicristatus Seiffert et al. 2009
G. †Aframonius Simons et al. 1995
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†Aframonius dieides Simons et al. 1995
G. †Caenopithecus Rütimeyer 1862
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†Caenopithecus lemuroides Rütimeyer 1862
G. †Darwinius Franzen et al. 2009
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†Darwinius masillae Franzen et al. 2009
G. †Masradapis Seiffert et al. 2017
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†Masradapis tahai Seiffert et al. 2017
G. †Namadapis Godinot et al. 2018
+
†Namadapis interdictus Godinot et al. 2018
Fm. †Ekgmowechashalidae Szalay 1976
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Subfm. †Bugtilemurinae Rust et al. 2023
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G. †Bugtilemur Marivaux et al. 2001
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†Bugtilemur mathesoni Marivaux et al. 2001
G. †Muangthanhinius Marivaux et al. 2006
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†Muangthanhinius siami Marivaux et al. 2006
G. †Ekgmowechashala Macdonald 1963
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†Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald 1963
†Ekgmowechashala zancanellai Samuels et al. 2015
G. †Gatanthropus Ni et al. 2016
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†Gatanthropus micros Ni et al. 2016
G. †Palaeohodites Rust et al. 2023
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†Palaeohodites naduensis Rust et al. 2023
G. †Lushius Chow 1961
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†Lushius qinlinensis Chow 1961
G. †Mahgarita Wilson and Szalay 1976
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†Mahgarita stevensi Wilson and Szalay 1976
Invalid names: Margarita Wilson and Szalay 1976 [replaced]
G. †Mescalerolemur Kirk and Williams 2011
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†Mescalerolemur horneri Kirk and Williams 2011
G. †Omanodon Gheerbrant et al. 1993
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†Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al. 1993
Subfm. †Pronycticebinae Godinot 1998
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G. †Pronycticebus Grandidier 1904
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†Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier 1904
†Pronycticebus neglectus Thalmann et al. 1989
Fm. †Sivaladapidae Thomas and Verma 1979
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Subfm. †Anthradapinae Chavasseau et al. 2019
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G. †Anthradapis Chavasseau et al. 2019
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†Anthradapis vietnamensis Chavasseau et al. 2019
Subfm. †Hoanghoniinae Gingerich et al. 1994
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G. †Hoanghonius Zdansky 1930
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†Hoanghonius stehlini Zdansky 1930
G. †Rencunius Gingerich et al. 1994
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†Rencunius wui Tong 1997
†Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al. 1994
G. †Wailekia Ducrocq et al. 1995
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†Wailekia orientale Ducrocq et al. 1995
G. †Kyitchaungia Beard et al. 2007
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†Kyitchaungia takaii Beard et al. 2007
G. †Laomaki Ni et al. 2016
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†Laomaki yunnanensis Ni et al. 2016
G. †Paukkaungia Beard et al. 2007
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†Paukkaungia parva Beard et al. 2007
G. †Siamoadapis Chaimanee et al. 2008
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†Siamoadapis maemohensis Chaimanee et al. 2008
Subfm. †Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979
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G. †Guangxilemur Qi and Beard 1998
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†Guangxilemur singsilai Marivaux et al. 2002
†Guangxilemur tongi Qi and Beard 1998
G. †Indraloris Lewis 1933
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†Indraloris himalayensis Pilgrim 1932
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Invalid names: Indraloris lulli Lewis 1933 [synonym]
†Indraloris kamlialensis Flynn and Morgan 2005
G. †Ramadapis Gilbert et al. 2017
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†Ramadapis sahnii Gilbert et al. 2017
G. †Sinoadapis Wu and Pan 1985
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†Sinoadapis carnosus Wu and Pan 1985
†Sinoadapis shihuibaensis Pan and Wu 1986
G. †Yunnanadapis Ni et al. 2016
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†Yunnanadapis folivorus Ni et al. 2016
†Yunnanadapis imperator Ni et al. 2016
G. †Sulaimanius Gunnell et al. 2012
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†Sulaimanius arifi Gunnell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Sulaimania Gunnell et al. 2008 [replaced]
Invalid names: Sivaladapinae Thomas and Verma 1979 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 30 gg
Minimum body mass: 30 gg
Body mass estimate: 30 g
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: arborealo
Diet: omnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-26 13:27:51
Modified: 2005-08-26 15:27:51
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Legendre 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Tortonian or 56.00000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 51.1 Ma

Collections (678 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Thanetian - Early/Lower Eocene59.24 - 48.07France (Marne) Cantius eppsi (133367)
Graybullian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Cantius abditus (15701) Pelycodus mckennai (15878) Pelycodus ralstoni (15875)
Lostcabinian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Notharctus nunienus (15930) Notharctus sp., Notharctus venticolus (15915) Notharctus venticolus (15945 16073 16076) Notharctus venticolus, Notharctus nunienus (15917)
Lysitean - Lostcabinian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Notharctus sp. (15451)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (New Mexico) Cantius angulatus, Copelemur tutus, Pelycodus frugivorus (15663) Cantius frugivorus (15433 15443) Copelemur sp., Pelycodus sp. (15448) Copelemur tutus (15446) Copelemur tutus, Pelycodus angulatus, Pelycodus frugivorus (15430) Pelycodus jarrovii (15449) Pelycodus sp. (15447) Prototomus jarrovii (15452) Smilodectes gingerichi (15432)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (North Dakota) Pelycodus ralstoni (15895)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Adapidae indet. (15561 15937) Cantius abditus (15576 15578 15687 15688 15689 15692 15694 15703 15707 46682 46683 46692 46695 46696 46701 46702 46704 46707 46709 46711 46714 46718 46728 46729 46734 46735 46736 46740 46742 46745 46746 46748 46752 46754 46755 46763 46765 46766 46767 46810 46811 46820 46825 46826 46846 46847 46849 46851) Cantius abditus, Cantius frugivorus (46699 46712) Cantius abditus, Cantius trigonodus (15526 15577) Cantius abditus, Copelemur feretutus (46700 46706) Cantius frugivorus (186932 186934 186950 186951) Cantius frugivorus, Cantius venticolus (15841) Cantius frugivorus, Copelemur australotutus (186931 186935 186939 186946) Cantius mckennai (15471 15477 15478 15525 15586 15588 15592 15593 15594 15673 15682 15683 15699 15727 15884 16037 46636 46639 46642 46643 46644 46645 46648 46656 46665 46668 46669 46670 46672 46673 46674 46680 46685 46687 46688 46690 46691 46693 46697 46721 46724 46727 46768 46769 46770 46772 46773 46774 46777 46780 46781 46782 46783 46784 46785 46787 46788 46789 46790 46791 46792 46794 46795 46796 46797 46798 46799 46800 46801 46803 46804 46805 46806 46807 46808 46809 46812 46813 46814 46815 46818 46819 46821 46828 46830 46831 46834 46838 46841 46844 46852) Cantius mckennai, Cantius ralstoni (46822) Cantius mckennai, Cantius trigonodus (15468 46759) Cantius nunienus, Notharctus venticolus (27268) Cantius ralstoni (15587 15589 15590 15788 16043 16044 46637 46640 46652 46657 46659 46662 46726 46823) Cantius simonsi (88210) Cantius sp. (15493 15504 15515 15933 15934) Cantius sp., Cantius frugivorus (15454) Cantius sp., Pelycodus abditus (15553) Cantius torresi (15759 15760 16035) Cantius trigonodus (15695 15696 15697 15702 15704 15705 46717 46720 46730 46731 46732 46733 46739 46749 46753 46756 46757 46758 46760 46761 46762 46843 46845) Cantius venticolus (16070) Copelemur australotutus (15597 186936 186947) Copelemur feretutus, Pelycodus jarrovii (15964) Copelemur praetutus (16071) Copelemur sp., Cantius abditus (15552 15573) Copelemur sp., Cantius mckennai (118482) Copelemur tutus (186941) Notharctus limosus (15479 15724) Notharctus nunienus (15456 15486 15665 15667 15670 15839 15842 15848 15849 15852 16074) Notharctus robinsoni (15942) Notharctus sp. (15843) Notharctus venticolus (15642 15902 15907) Notharctus venticolus, Notharctus limosus (15662) Notharctus venticolus, Notharctus nunienus (15710) Pelycodus abditus (15542 15543 15544 15546 15547 15548 15549 15550 15556 15560 15563) Pelycodus abditus, Copelemur consortutus (15554 15555 15557 15558) Pelycodus abditus, Pelycodus frugivorus (15551) Pelycodus frugivorus (15565) Pelycodus jarrovii (15564 15566 15567 15596) Pelycodus mckennai (15744 15765 15770 15779 15786 15790 15912 15932 16016 16017 16018 16021 16024 16027 16029 16032 16055) Pelycodus praetutus, Pelycodus trigonodus (15455) Pelycodus ralstoni (15491 15729 15738 15739 15749 15793) Pelycodus sp. (15495 15503 15505 15507 15509 15510 15511 15512 15513 15514 15516 15517 15518 15520 15521 15522 15523 15524 15531 15532 15534 15538 15657 15756 15846 15893 15898 15943 15996) Pelycodus sp., Pelycodus abditus (15536 15541) Pelycodus trigonodus (15656 15721 15723 15768 15889 87906) Pelycodus trigonodus, Pelycodus praetutus (15717)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Colorado) Cantius abditus (15225 15289 15319 15361 15374 15375 15377 15381 15384 15385 15389) Cantius abditus, Cantius frugivorus (15282 15293 15392) Cantius abditus, Cantius trigonodus (15274 15290) Cantius abditus, Pelycodus jarrovii (15280) Cantius frugivorus (15294 15297 15305 15314 15325 15338 15341 15406 15409 15410) Cantius frugivorus, Pelycodus schidelerorum (15418 15419) Cantius mckennai (15222 15273 15350 15353 15354) Cantius ralstoni (15429) Cantius sp. (15428) Cantius trigonodus (15221 15264 15277 15288 15310) Copelemur praetutus (15357) Pelycodus jarrovii (15296) Pelycodus jarrovii, Notharctus nunienus (15650) Pelycodus mckennai (15450 15480 15485 15660 15725 15845 15855 15862 15864 15865 15868 15870 15887)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07France (Var) Adapidae indet., Agerinia sp., Donrussellia provincialis, Pelycodus eppsi (35538)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Spain (Lleida) Agerina roselli (88345)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Portugal (Região Centro) Donrussellia lusitanica (79200)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Pakistan (North-West Frontier) Panobius afridi (87961)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Wyoming) Cantius abditus (15684 15685 15690 15691 15700) Cantius abditus, Copelemur feretutus (15680) Cantius sp. (15679) Cantius torresi (154262 154271 154277 154282) Cantius trigonodus (15681)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07France (Corbieres) Adapidae indet., Donrussellia magna (92838)
MP 1056.0 - 48.07Spain (Huesca) Agerina roselli (88346) Agerinia sp. (187315)
MP 1056.0 - 48.07Spain (Catalonia) Agerinia sp., Cantius sp. (182236)
MP 8 + 956.0 - 48.07France (Picardie) Agerinia sp. (84997)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France (Marne) Cantius savagei (35533 35535) Periconodon lemoinei (35539)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Gujarat) Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis cambayensis (180565) Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis tapiensis (180566) Marcgodinotius sp., Marcgodinotius indicus, Asiadapis sp., Primates indet. 2, Adapoidea indet. (55494)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07France (Hérault) Agerina sp. (181563)