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Proteaceae

Angiospermae - Proteales - Proteaceae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Proteaceae de Jussieu
1861Leucospermites Saporta
1919Proteaceae Knowlton
2000Proteaceae Mabberley
2008Proteaceae Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016Proteaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 16
2020Proteaceae Vallati et al. p. 5
2022Proteaceae Vera et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
orderProtealesJussieu 1829
familyProteaceaede Jussieu 1789
familyProteaceaede Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Proteaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Agastachys Brown 1811
G. Banksia Linnaeus 1782
+
†Banksia archaeocarpa McNamara and Scott 1983
†Banksia kingii Jordan and Hill 1991
†Banksia novaezelandiae Carpenter et al. 2010
†Banksia puryearensis Berry 1916
†Banksia pusilla Velenovsky 1883
†Banksia saffordi Lesquereux 1859
†Banksia strahanensis Jordan and Hill 1991
†Banksia tenuifolia Berry 1916
G. †Banksieaeformis Hill and Christophel 1988
+
†Banksieaeformis decurrens Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaeformis dentatus Hill and Christophel 1988
G. †Banksieaeidites Cookson 1950
+
†Banksieaeidites arcuatus Stover and Partridge 1973
G. †Banksieaephyllum Cookson and Duigan 1950
+
†Banksieaephyllum angustum Cookson and Duigan 1950
†Banksieaephyllum attenuatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum cuneatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum elongatus Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum incisum Blackburn 1981
†Banksieaephyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum longifolium Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Banksieaephyllum orientalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum regularis Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum taylorii Carpenter et al. 1994
†Banksieaephyllum westdaliense Hill and Merrifield 1993
G. †Banksites Saporta 1863
+
†Banksites integer Saporta 1861
†Banksites lineatus Lesquereux 1883
†Banksites saportanus Velenovsky 1883
G. †Beaupreaidites Potonié 1960
+
†Beaupreaidites orbiculatus Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
G. Cardwellia Mueller 1865
G. Cenarrhenes Labillardière 1805
G. †Conospermites Ettingshausen 1867
+
†Conospermites ellipticus Fontaine 1889
†Conospermites hakeaefolius Ettingshausen 1867
G. †Conospermum Smith 1798
G. †Constantinium Unger 1863
+
G. †Cranwellipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Cranwellipollis apiculatus Stover and Partridge 1982
†Cranwellipollis subpalisadus Martin and Harris 1974
G. †Doroteoxylon Nishida et al. 1989
+
†Doroteoxylon vicentiperezii Nishida et al. 1989
G. Dryandra Brown 1811
+
†Dryandra comptoniaefolia Ettingshausen 1887
G. †Dryandroides Unger 1850
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†Dryandroides cleburni Lesquereux 1873
†Dryandroides grandis Unger 1850
†Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton 1917
†Dryandroides quercinea Velenovsky 1883
G. †Echitriporites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Echitriporites trianguliformis orbicularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Echitriporites variabilis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Embothriophyllum Dusén 1899
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†Embothriophyllum dubium Dusén 1899
G. †Embothriopsis Hollick 1912
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†Embothriopsis presagita Hollick 1912
G. †Embothrites Unger 1850
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†Embothrites borealis Unger 1850
†Embothrites daphneoides Lesquereux 1874
†Embothrites simpsoni Berry 1932
G. †Euproteaciphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
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†Euproteaciphyllum alloxylonoides Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum amphistomaticum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum attenuatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum brookerensis Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum cethanicum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum falcatum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum integrifolium Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced], Proteaciphyllum microphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum linearis Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum lomatioides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum microlobium Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum microphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum pacificum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum papillosum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum pinnatum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum polymorphum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum rugulatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum serratum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tasmanicum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
G. Grevillea Brown and Knight 1809
G. Hakea Schrader 1798
G. †Hakeites Saporta 1861
+
†Hakeites deletus Saporta 1861
†Hakeites major Saporta 1867
G. Helicia Loureiro 1790
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†Helicia eoerretica Prasad et al. 1999
G. †Hicksbeachia Mueller 1882
G. Isopogon Brown and Knight 1809
G. Knightia Brown 1810
G. †Knightiophyllum Ettingshausen 1887
+
†Knightiophyllum primaevum Ettingshausen 1887
G. †Knightites Saporta 1861
+
†Knightites salyorum Saporta 1861
G. Lambertia Smith 1798
G. †Lambertiphyllum Velenovsky 1889
+
†Lambertiphyllum durum Velenovsky 1883
G. †Leucadendrites Saporta 1862
+
†Leucadendrites sextinctus Saporta 1862
G. †Lewalanipollis Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
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†Lewalanipollis senectus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
G. Lomatia Brown 1810
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†Lomatia abbreviata Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia acutiloba Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia interrupta Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia microphylla Lesquereux 1875
†Lomatia occidentalis Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia patagonica Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia preferruginea Berry 1938
†Lomatia saportanea Lesquereux 1874
†Lomatia terminalis Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia tripartita Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia xeromorpha Carpenter and Hill 1988
G. †Lomatites Saporta 1862
+
†Lomatites acerosus Saporta 1862
†Lomatites hakeaefolia Lesquereux 1883
+
Invalid names: Carduus florissantensis Cockerell 1906 [synonym]
†Lomatites spinosa Lesquereux 1883
G. †Macclintockia Heer 1866
+
†Macclintockia dentata Heer 1866
†Macclintockia lyallii Heer 1868
G. †Maslinia Blackburn 1981
+
†Maslinia grevilleoides Blackburn 1981
G. Musgravea Mueller 1890
G. †Musgraveinanthus Christophel 1984
+
†Musgraveinanthus alcoensis Christophel 1984
G. †Myricophyllum Saporta 1862
+
†Myricophyllum gracile Saporta 1862
G. †Orites Brown 1810
+
†Orites bivascularis Romero et al. 1988
†Orites excelsoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Orites milliganoides Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites scleromorpha Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites truncata Jordan 1995
G. †Palaeodendron Saporta 1862
+
†Palaeodendron gypsophilum Saporta 1862
G. †Palibinia Korovin 1932
+
†Palibinia laxifolia Korovin 1932
G. †Parafatsia Blackburn 1981
+
†Parafatsia subpeltata Blackburn 1981
G. Persoonia Smith 1798 [geebung]
+
†Persoonia lesquereuxii Knowlton 1891
†Persoonia oviformis Lesquereux 1859
†Persoonia spatulata Hollick 1895
G. †Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al. 2010
+
†Persoonieaephyllum ornatum Carpenter et al. 2010
†Persoonieaephyllum villosum Carpenter et al. 2010
G. Petrophile Knight 1809
G. †Phyllites Brongniart 1822
+
†Phyllites aceroides Heer 1868
†Phyllites amissus Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites amorphus Lesquereux 1868
†Phyllites amplexicaulis Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites arctica Knowlton 1894
†Phyllites aristolochiaeformis Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites asplenioides Berry 1919
†Phyllites aurantiacus Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites betulaefolius Lesquereux 1869
†Phyllites bifurcies Knowlton 1902
†Phyllites carneosus Newberry 1868
†Phyllites castalioides Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites celatus Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites cockerelli Knowlton 1916
†Phyllites cordiaefolia MacGinitie 1941
†Phyllites coriaceus Newberry 1861
†Phyllites crassifolia Knowlton 1899
†Phyllites crustacea Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites cyclophylla Lesquereux 1873
†Phyllites daturaefolia MacGinitie 1941
†Phyllites dentata Knowlton 1917
†Phyllites denticulatus Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites dubius Sternberg 1824
†Phyllites durescens Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites elegans Colani 1920
†Phyllites erosus Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites ficifolia Knowlton 1917
†Phyllites flexuosus Knowlton 1898
†Phyllites fraxineus Lesquereux 1887
†Phyllites fremonti Unger 1850
†Phyllites gracilis Colani 1920
†Phyllites grewioides Lakhanpal 1952
†Phyllites ilicifolius Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites improbatus Lesquereux 1878
+
Invalid names: Rhizocaulon gracile Lesquereux 1873 [synonym]
†Phyllites inexpectans Knowlton 1902
†Phyllites innectens Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites intricata Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites kamarupensis Seward 1912
†Phyllites lacoei Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites laosensis Colani 1920
†Phyllites latifolius Fontaine 1889
†Phyllites laurencianus Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites laurinea Lesquereux 1878
†Phyllites mimusopsoides Lesquereux 1887
†Phyllites nanus Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites neomexicanus Knowlton 1916
†Phyllites obovatus Lakhanpal 1952
†Phyllites obscurus Hollick 1895
†Phyllites oregonianus Knowlton 1902
†Phyllites pardeei Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites payettensis Knowlton 1898
+
Invalid names: Phyllites obscurus Knowlton 1898 [replaced]
†Phyllites peculiaris Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites perplexus Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites personatus Knowlton 1902
†Phyllites petiolatus Knowlton 1916
†Phyllites poinsettioides Hollick 1892
†Phyllites populiformis Colani 1920
†Phyllites populina Brongniart 1822
†Phyllites populoides Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites protophylloides Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites ratonensis Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites relatus Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites retusoides Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites rhoifolius Lesquereux 1868
†Phyllites rhomboideus Lesquereux 1868
†Phyllites rosaefolius Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites rozierei Fritel 1935
†Phyllites sapindiformis Lesquereux 1878
†Phyllites sapindus Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites saundersi Knowlton 1904
†Phyllites shirleyensis Berry 1919
†Phyllites snowii Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites sophoroides Knowlton 1926
†Phyllites stipulaeformis Lesquereux 1891
†Phyllites sulcatus Lesquereux 1868
†Phyllites trapaformis Berry 1911
†Phyllites umbonatus Lesquereux 1868
†Phyllites undulatus Newberry 1895
†Phyllites unitus Knowlton and Cockerell 1919
+
Invalid names: Phyllites venosus Newberry 1868 [replaced]
†Phyllites vanonae Heer 1866
†Phyllites venosissimus Newberry 1861
†Phyllites venosus Rossmässler 1840
†Phyllites vermejoensis Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites walsenburgensis Knowlton 1918
†Phyllites wascoensis Lesquereux 1888
†Phyllites zamiaeformis Lesquereux 1891
G. †Propylipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Propylipollis ambiguus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
†Propylipollis annularis Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis lateflexus Baldoni and Askin 1993
†Propylipollis microverrucatus Truswell and Owen 1988
†Propylipollis pseudocostatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Propylipollis reticuloscabratus Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis tenuiexinus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
G. †Proteacidites Cookson and Couper 1953
+
†Proteacidites africaensis Schrank and Ibrahim 1995
†Proteacidites amolosexinus Dettmann and Playford 1968
†Proteacidites angulatus Stover 1973
†Proteacidites baibianae De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites beddoesii Stover 1973
†Proteacidites cooksonii Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Proteacidites dehaani Germeraad et al. 1968
†Proteacidites excertus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Proteacidites miniporatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Proteacidites mirasolensis De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites obscurus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites parvus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites protrudus Sah and Kar 1970
†Proteacidites retiformis Couper 1960
†Proteacidites scaboratus Couper 1960
†Proteacidites sigalii Boltenhagen 1978
G. †Proteaephyllum Fontaine 1889
+
†Proteaephyllum californicum Fontaine 1905
†Proteaephyllum ovatum Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Proteaephyllum ellipticum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum tenuinerve Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Proteaephyllum reniforme Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Phyllites pachyphyllus Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum orbiculare Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Proteoides Heer and Capellini 1867
+
†Proteoides acuta Heer 1866
†Proteoides crassipes Heer 1874
†Proteoides major Dawson 1893
†Proteoides neillii Dawson 1893
†Proteoides parvula Berry 1914
†Proteoides wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Proteoxylon Kräusel 1939
+
†Proteoxylon chargeense Kräusel 1939
G. †Rogersia Fontaine 1889
+
†Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Saliciphyllum longifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Rogersia australis Cunéo and Gandolfo 2005
†Rogersia longifolia Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Sapindopsis elliptica Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Stenocarpites Brongniart 1861
+
†Stenocarpites anisolobus Brongniart 1861
G. Stirlingia Endlicher 1837
G. Telopea Brown 1811
+
†Telopea strahanensis Jordan 1995
G. †Triporopollenites Pflug and Thomson 1953
+
†Triporopollenites minor Barreda 1997
†Triporopollenites plicata Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites simplex Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites vimalii Sah and Dutta 1966
G. Xylomelum Smith 1798
Invalid names: Banksieae Reichenbach 1828 [empty], Leucospermites Saporta 1861 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Holocene or 241.46400 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 227.3 Ma

Collections (886 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ladinian - Carnian241.464 - 227.3Russian Federation (Novaya Zemlya) Phyllites n. sp., Phyllites sp. (25043)
Middle Jurassic174.7 - 161.5New Zealand Phyllites sp. 1 (30356)
Middle Bathonian168.2 - 165.3United Kingdom (England) Phyllites sp. (24227)
Early/Lower Cretaceous143.1 - 100.5Antarctica Proteacidites parvus (150878)
Early/Lower Cretaceous - Late/Upper Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0Antarctica (Antarctic peninsula) Beaupreaidites indet. (172746)
Aptian - Albian121.4 - 100.5Argentina (Santa Cruz) Rogersia australis (150180)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Aptian113.2 - 113.2Ecuador (El Oro) Phyllites sp. (32482)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Aptian113.2 - 113.2Ecuador (Loja) Phyllites sp. (32488)
Albian113.2 - 100.5Canada (British Columbia) Phyllites asplenioides (24895)
Albian - Cenomanian113.2 - 93.9Sudan (Sotuh Kurdufan) Echitriporites irregularis (145152)
Albian - Cenomanian113.2 - 93.9Russian Federation Phyllites sp. (34774)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Wyoming) Dryandroides lanceolata (31174)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Wyoming) Dryandroides lanceolata (34972)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (New Jersey) Proteacidites rectilatus (34133 34141)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Antarctica Propylipollis sp. A, Triporopollenites sp. A, Proteacidites subscabratus, Cranwellipollis palisadus, Cranwellipollis subpalisadus, Proteacidites retiformis (153426)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Wyoming) Phyllites sp., Dryandroides lanceolata, Phyllites dentata (31187)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Egypt (Matruh) Triporopollenites spp. (137375)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Phyllites ficifolius, Phyllites sp., Phyllites dentata (31382) Phyllites grandifolius-cretaceous, Phyllites cretaceous, Phyllites crassipes (31383)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Missouri) Proteacidites sp. A (232062) Proteacidites sp. A, Proteacidites sp. D (232058) Proteacidites sp. A, Proteacidites sp. G, Proteacidites sp. D (232060 232064) Proteacidites sp. G (232063) Proteacidites sp. G, Proteacidites sp. E (232066)
Senonian100.5 - 66.0Brazil (Alagoas) Echitriporites triangularis (142302 142303 142304)