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Proteaceae

Angiospermae - Proteales - Proteaceae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1789Proteaceae de Jussieu
1861Leucospermites Saporta
1919Proteaceae Knowlton
2000Proteaceae Mabberley
2008Proteaceae Taylor et al. p. 1029
2016Proteaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 16
2020Proteaceae Vallati et al. p. 5
2022Proteaceae Vera et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
—Mesangiosperms
RankNameAuthor
—EudicotsDoyle and Hotton 1991
orderProtealesJussieu 1829
familyProteaceaede Jussieu 1789
familyProteaceaede Jussieu 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Proteaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Agastachys Brown 1811
G. Banksia Linnaeus 1782
+
†Banksia archaeocarpa McNamara and Scott 1983
†Banksia kingii Jordan and Hill 1991
†Banksia novaezelandiae Carpenter et al. 2010
†Banksia puryearensis Berry 1916
†Banksia pusilla Velenovsky 1883
†Banksia saffordi Lesquereux 1859
†Banksia strahanensis Jordan and Hill 1991
†Banksia tenuifolia Berry 1916
G. †Banksieaeformis Hill and Christophel 1988
+
†Banksieaeformis decurrens Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaeformis dentatus Hill and Christophel 1988
G. †Banksieaeidites Cookson 1950
+
†Banksieaeidites arcuatus Stover and Partridge 1973
G. †Banksieaephyllum Cookson and Duigan 1950
+
†Banksieaephyllum angustum Cookson and Duigan 1950
†Banksieaephyllum attenuatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum cuneatum Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum elongatus Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum incisum Blackburn 1981
†Banksieaephyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum longifolium Hill and Merrifield 1993
†Banksieaephyllum orientalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Banksieaephyllum regularis Hill and Christophel 1988
†Banksieaephyllum taylorii Carpenter et al. 1994
†Banksieaephyllum westdaliense Hill and Merrifield 1993
G. †Banksites Saporta 1863
+
†Banksites integer Saporta 1861
†Banksites lineatus Lesquereux 1883
†Banksites saportanus Velenovsky 1883
G. †Beaupreaidites Potonié 1960
+
†Beaupreaidites orbiculatus Dettmann and Jarzen 1988
G. Cardwellia Mueller 1865
G. Cenarrhenes Labillardière 1805
G. †Conospermites Ettingshausen 1867
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†Conospermites ellipticus Fontaine 1889
†Conospermites hakeaefolius Ettingshausen 1867
G. †Conospermum Smith 1798
G. †Constantinium Unger 1863
+
G. †Cranwellipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Cranwellipollis apiculatus Stover and Partridge 1982
†Cranwellipollis subpalisadus Martin and Harris 1974
G. †Doroteoxylon Nishida et al. 1989
+
†Doroteoxylon vicentiperezii Nishida et al. 1989
G. Dryandra Brown 1811
+
†Dryandra comptoniaefolia Ettingshausen 1887
G. †Dryandroides Unger 1850
+
†Dryandroides cleburni Lesquereux 1873
†Dryandroides grandis Unger 1850
†Dryandroides lanceolata Knowlton 1917
†Dryandroides quercinea Velenovsky 1883
G. †Echitriporites Van der Hammen 1956
+
†Echitriporites trianguliformis van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Echitriporites trianguliformis orbicularis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Echitriporites variabilis Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
G. †Embothriophyllum Dusén 1899
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†Embothriophyllum dubium Dusén 1899
G. †Embothriopsis Hollick 1912
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†Embothriopsis presagita Hollick 1912
G. †Embothrites Unger 1850
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†Embothrites borealis Unger 1850
†Embothrites daphneoides Lesquereux 1874
†Embothrites simpsoni Berry 1932
G. †Euproteaciphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
+
†Euproteaciphyllum alloxylonoides Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum amphistomaticum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum attenuatum Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum attenuatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum brookerensis Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum cethanicum Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum cethanicum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum falcatum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum gevuininoides Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum gevuininoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum integrifolium Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum integrifolium Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced], Proteaciphyllum microphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum linearis Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum linearis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum lomatioides Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum lomatioides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum microlobium Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum microphyllum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum ornamentalis Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum ornamentalis Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum pacificum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum papillosum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum pinnatum Carpenter et al. 2012
†Euproteaciphyllum polymorphum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum rugulatum Jordan et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum rugulatum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
†Euproteaciphyllum serratum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tasmanicum Jordan et al. 1998
†Euproteaciphyllum tridacnoides Jordan et al. 1998
+
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum tridacnoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
Invalid names: Proteaciphyllum Carpenter and Jordan 1997 [replaced]
G. Grevillea Brown and Knight 1809
G. Hakea Schrader 1798
G. †Hakeites Saporta 1861
+
†Hakeites deletus Saporta 1861
†Hakeites major Saporta 1867
G. Helicia Loureiro 1790
+
†Helicia eoerretica Prasad et al. 1999
G. †Hicksbeachia Mueller 1882
G. Isopogon Brown and Knight 1809
G. Knightia Brown 1810
G. †Knightiophyllum Ettingshausen 1887
+
†Knightiophyllum primaevum Ettingshausen 1887
G. †Knightites Saporta 1861
+
†Knightites salyorum Saporta 1861
G. Lambertia Smith 1798
G. †Lambertiphyllum Velenovsky 1889
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†Lambertiphyllum durum Velenovsky 1883
G. †Leucadendrites Saporta 1862
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†Leucadendrites sextinctus Saporta 1862
G. †Lewalanipollis Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
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†Lewalanipollis senectus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
G. Lomatia Brown 1810
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†Lomatia abbreviata Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia acutiloba Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia interrupta Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia microphylla Lesquereux 1875
†Lomatia occidentalis Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia patagonica Frenguelli 1943
†Lomatia preferruginea Berry 1938
†Lomatia saportanea Lesquereux 1874
†Lomatia terminalis Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia tripartita Lesquereux 1883
†Lomatia xeromorpha Carpenter and Hill 1988
G. †Lomatites Saporta 1862
+
†Lomatites acerosus Saporta 1862
†Lomatites hakeaefolia Lesquereux 1883
+
Invalid names: Carduus florissantensis Cockerell 1906 [synonym]
†Lomatites spinosa Lesquereux 1883
G. †Macclintockia Heer 1866
+
†Macclintockia dentata Heer 1866
†Macclintockia lyallii Heer 1868
G. †Maslinia Blackburn 1981
+
†Maslinia grevilleoides Blackburn 1981
G. Musgravea Mueller 1890
G. †Musgraveinanthus Christophel 1984
+
†Musgraveinanthus alcoensis Christophel 1984
G. †Myricophyllum Saporta 1862
+
†Myricophyllum gracile Saporta 1862
G. †Orites Brown 1810
+
†Orites bivascularis Romero et al. 1988
†Orites excelsoides Carpenter and Jordan 1997
†Orites milliganoides Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites scleromorpha Jordan et al. 1998
†Orites truncata Jordan 1995
G. †Palaeodendron Saporta 1862
+
†Palaeodendron gypsophilum Saporta 1862
G. †Palibinia Korovin 1932
+
†Palibinia laxifolia Korovin 1932
G. †Parafatsia Blackburn 1981
+
†Parafatsia subpeltata Blackburn 1981
G. Persoonia Smith 1798 [geebung]
+
†Persoonia lesquereuxii Knowlton 1891
†Persoonia oviformis Lesquereux 1859
†Persoonia spatulata Hollick 1895
G. †Persoonieaephyllum Carpenter et al. 2010
+
†Persoonieaephyllum ornatum Carpenter et al. 2010
†Persoonieaephyllum villosum Carpenter et al. 2010
G. Petrophile Knight 1809
G. †Propylipollis Martin and Harris 1975
+
†Propylipollis ambiguus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
†Propylipollis annularis Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis lateflexus Baldoni and Askin 1993
†Propylipollis microverrucatus Truswell and Owen 1988
†Propylipollis pseudocostatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Propylipollis reticuloscabratus Martin and Harris 1974
†Propylipollis tenuiexinus Dettmann and Jarzen 1996
G. †Proteacidites Cookson and Couper 1953
+
†Proteacidites africaensis Schrank and Ibrahim 1995
†Proteacidites amolosexinus Dettmann and Playford 1968
†Proteacidites angulatus Stover 1973
†Proteacidites baibianae De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites beddoesii Stover 1973
†Proteacidites cooksonii Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978
†Proteacidites dehaani Germeraad et al. 1968
†Proteacidites excertus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Proteacidites miniporatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1966
†Proteacidites mirasolensis De Benedetti et al. 2023
†Proteacidites obscurus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites parvus Cookson 1950
†Proteacidites protrudus Sah and Kar 1970
†Proteacidites retiformis Couper 1960
†Proteacidites scaboratus Couper 1960
†Proteacidites sigalii Boltenhagen 1978
G. †Proteaephyllum Fontaine 1889
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†Proteaephyllum californicum Fontaine 1905
†Proteaephyllum ovatum Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Proteaephyllum ellipticum Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum tenuinerve Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Proteaephyllum reniforme Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Phyllites pachyphyllus Fontaine 1889 [synonym], Proteaephyllum orbiculare Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Proteoides Heer and Capellini 1867
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†Proteoides acuta Heer 1866
†Proteoides crassipes Heer 1874
†Proteoides major Dawson 1893
†Proteoides neillii Dawson 1893
†Proteoides parvula Berry 1914
†Proteoides wilcoxensis Berry 1916
G. †Proteoxylon Kraeusel 1939
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†Proteoxylon chargeense Kraeusel 1939
G. †Rogersia Fontaine 1889
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†Rogersia angustifolia Fontaine 1889
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Invalid names: Saliciphyllum longifolium Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
†Rogersia australis Cunéo and Gandolfo 2005
†Rogersia longifolia Fontaine 1889
+
Invalid names: Sapindopsis elliptica Fontaine 1889 [synonym]
G. †Stenocarpites Brongniart 1861
+
†Stenocarpites anisolobus Brongniart 1861
G. Stirlingia Endlicher 1837
G. Telopea Brown 1811
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†Telopea strahanensis Jordan 1995
G. †Triporopollenites Pflug and Thomson 1953
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†Triporopollenites minor Barreda 1997
†Triporopollenites plicata Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites simplex Ramanujam 1966
†Triporopollenites vimalii Sah and Dutta 1966
G. Xylomelum Smith 1798
Invalid names: Banksieae Reichenbach 1828 [empty], Leucospermites Saporta 1861 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Diet: "photoautotroph"p
Created: 2011-07-22 00:04:15
Modified: 2011-07-21 09:04:15
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Holocene or 106.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (815 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous143.1 - 100.5Antarctica Proteacidites parvus (150878)
Early/Lower Cretaceous - Late/Upper Cretaceous143.1 - 66.0Antarctica (Antarctic peninsula) Beaupreaidites indet. (172746)
Aptian - Albian121.4 - 100.5Argentina (Santa Cruz) Rogersia australis (150180)
Albian - Cenomanian113.2 - 93.9Sudan (Sotuh Kurdufan) Echitriporites irregularis (145152)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Wyoming) Dryandroides lanceolata (31174)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (New Jersey) Proteacidites rectilatus (34133 34141)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Wyoming) Dryandroides lanceolata (34972)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Antarctica Propylipollis sp. A, Triporopollenites sp. A, Proteacidites subscabratus, Cranwellipollis palisadus, Cranwellipollis subpalisadus, Proteacidites retiformis (153426)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Wyoming) Dryandroides lanceolata (31187)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Santonian100.5 - 83.6Egypt (Matruh) Triporopollenites spp. (137375)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Missouri) Proteacidites sp. A (232062) Proteacidites sp. A, Proteacidites sp. D (232058) Proteacidites sp. A, Proteacidites sp. G, Proteacidites sp. D (232060 232064) Proteacidites sp. G (232063) Proteacidites sp. G, Proteacidites sp. E (232066)
Senonian100.5 - 66.0Brazil (Alagoas) Echitriporites triangularis (142302 142303 142304)
Senonian100.5 - 66.0Senegal (Dakar) Proteacidites terrazus, Proteacidites sp. 1, Proteacidites tienabaensis, Proteacidites sp. 2 (137363)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Paleocene100.5 - 61.66Argentina (Chubut) Proteacidites sp., Triporopollenites ambiguus, Propylipollis lateflexus, Proteacidites scaboratus, Proteacidites baibianae, Proteacidites mirasolensis (195707)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Early/Lower Eocene100.5 - 48.07New Zealand (Kakahu) Proteaceae indet. (168544)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Eocene100.5 - 33.9New Zealand (Canterbury) Dryandra comptoniaefolia (170896) Proteaceae indet., Proteacidites spp. (170882) P. sp. (170890) Proteacidites spp. (170885 170893 170905 170906 170907) Proteacidites spp., Dryandra comptoniaefolia (170897)
Late/Upper Cretaceous - Miocene100.5 - 5.333China (Xingjian) Echitriporites sp., Proteacidites sp., Beaupreaidites sp. (140039)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Peru (Loreto) Proteacidites longispinosus, Triporopollenites sp. (144973)
Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian93.9 - 85.7Antarctica Proteacidites sp.1 (169324 169325 169326)
Turonian - Santonian93.9 - 83.6South Sudan Proteacidites sigalii (199969)