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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
Taxonomy
Actinopterygii was named by Cope (1887). It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Actinopterygii by Gadow (1898), Woodward (1902), Lambe (1908); it was reranked as the class Actinopterygii by Andrews (1906), Woodward (1916), Daly (1973), Schaeffer and Dalquest (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Ahlberg (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Grande and Hilton (2006), Poyato-Ariza (2010); it was reranked as the unranked clade Actinopterygii by Delsate (1997), Cartanyà (1999), Delsate (2003), Previtera and González Riga (2008); it was reranked as the superclass Actinopterygii by Betancur et al. (2013); it was reranked as the subclass Actinopterygii by Casier (1966), Miles (1977), Domning and Clark (1993), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Carnevale (2007), Long et al. (2008), Choo (2012), Denton (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Teleostomi by Andrews (1906), Woodward (1916); to Pisces by Lambe (1908), Delsate (1997); to Teleostomi by Gadow (1898), Woodward (1902), Miles (1977), Žalohar et al. (2009); to Osteichthyes by Delsate (2003), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Long (2011), Betancur et al. (2013); to Chordata by Fourriére et al. (2014); and to Osteichthyes by Casier (1966), Daly (1973), Schaeffer and Dalquest (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Ahlberg (1991), Domning and Clark (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Cartanyà (1999), Weems (1999), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Grande and Hilton (2006), Carnevale (2007), Long et al. (2008), Poyato-Ariza (2010), Choo (2012), Denton (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), van der Laan (2019).
It was reranked as the order Actinopterygii by Gadow (1898), Woodward (1902), Lambe (1908); it was reranked as the class Actinopterygii by Andrews (1906), Woodward (1916), Daly (1973), Schaeffer and Dalquest (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Ahlberg (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Weems (1999), Grande and Hilton (2006), Poyato-Ariza (2010); it was reranked as the unranked clade Actinopterygii by Delsate (1997), Cartanyà (1999), Delsate (2003), Previtera and González Riga (2008); it was reranked as the superclass Actinopterygii by Betancur et al. (2013); it was reranked as the subclass Actinopterygii by Casier (1966), Miles (1977), Domning and Clark (1993), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Carnevale (2007), Long et al. (2008), Choo (2012), Denton (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), van der Laan (2019).
It was assigned to Teleostomi by Andrews (1906), Woodward (1916); to Pisces by Lambe (1908), Delsate (1997); to Teleostomi by Gadow (1898), Woodward (1902), Miles (1977), Žalohar et al. (2009); to Osteichthyes by Delsate (2003), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Long (2011), Betancur et al. (2013); to Chordata by Fourriére et al. (2014); and to Osteichthyes by Casier (1966), Daly (1973), Schaeffer and Dalquest (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Ahlberg (1991), Domning and Clark (1993), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Cartanyà (1999), Weems (1999), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Grande and Hilton (2006), Carnevale (2007), Long et al. (2008), Poyato-Ariza (2010), Choo (2012), Denton (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018), van der Laan (2019).
Subtaxa
Aesopichthyidae, Aetheospondyli, Aetheretmon, Aethocephalichthys, Akanolepis, Ameghinichthys, Anapterus, Aneurolepis (syn. Urolepis), Asarotiformes, Atkinsonella, Australichthys, Avamia, Avonichthys, Baoqingichthys, Beagiascus, Bishofia, Bluefieldius, Bobastraniiformes, Burguklia, Cenechoia paramillensis, Cenechoia sulcata, Charleuxiidae, Chirothrix, Cuneognathus, Diplospondichthys, Discordichthyidae, Echidnocephalus, Engraulis, Eurekichthyoidei, Eurynotiformes, Eurynotus uspallatensis, Eurypoma, Exocoetoides, Fubarichthyiformes, Guaymayenia, Guntherichthys, Gyrolepidoides cuyanus, Gyrolepidotidae, Holuropsis, Isospondyli, Kalops, Kansasiella, Kutaichthys, Lepidotus pectoralis, Lepidotus trotti, Lineagruan, Mallotus, Meemannia, Meisenheimichthys, Ministrella, Moythomasiidae, Neochallaia leonensis, Neuburgichthys, Nozamichthys, Ophiopsis lariensis, Opistopteryx, Oxypteriscus, Pachylebias (syn. Aelia), Palaeoneiros, Palaeonisci, Palaeonisciformes (syn. Palaeoniscida, Bobasatraniiformes), Palaeoniscimorpha, Palaeoniscoidae, Palaeoniscoidea, Paleonisciformes, Paramblypteriformes, Phanerosteonoidei, Phoebeannaia, Pholidophorus dentatus, Pholidophorus lepturus, Pholidophorus vallejensis, Piratata, Polypteri, Protaulopsis, Protospondyli, Raynerius, Rhynchorhinus, Roslerichthys, Schizospondylus (syn. Hoplopleurum), Semionotus brevis, Semionotus dubius, Semionotus inornatus, Semionotus mendozaensis, Semionotus unicristatus, Semionotus vallejensis, Spinofacia, Stegotrachelus, Tanyrhinichthys, Terenolepis, Tetragonopterus, Trawdenia, Uranichthys, Yaomoshania
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1839 | Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli p. 427 |
1857 | Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti |
1857 | Semionotus dubius Bellotti |
1857 | Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti p. 420 |
1857 | Semionotus brevis Bellotti p. 422 |
1876 | Semionotus inornatus Henry p. 417 figs. Pl 2, fig 23 |
1885 | Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz |
1887 | Actinopterygii Cope |
1890 | Palaeoniscoidae Rohon |
1895 | Ophiopsis lepturus Woodward p. 172 |
1895 | Heterolepidotus pectoralis Woodward p. 312 |
1898 | Actinopterygii Gadow p. 7 |
1902 | Actinopterygii Woodward p. 3 |
1906 | Actinopterygii Andrews p. 313 |
1908 | Actinopterygii Lambe |
1910 | Ophiopsis lepturus de Alessandri p. 87 figs. Pl 3, fig 4 |
1910 | Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri p. 89 figs. Pl 3, figs 5,6 |
1910 | Eugnathus trottii de Alessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3 |
1910 | Heterolepidotus pectoralis de Alessandri p. 100 figs. Pl 5, fig 4; pl 6, fig 1; pl 7, fig 1 |
1910 | Heterolepidotus brevis de Alessandri p. 107 figs. Pl 7, fig 2 |
1910 | Eugnathus trottii de Allessandri p. 97 figs. Pl 5, fig 3 |
1916 | Actinopterygii Woodward p. 23 |
1944 | Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera |
1946 | Palaeoniscoidea Dunkle p. 402 |
1946 | Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi |
1946 | Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi |
1946 | Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi |
1946 | Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi |
1947 | Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi |
1947 | Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi |
1948 | Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi |
1950 | Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi |
1952 | Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi |
1960 | Palaeoniscoidea Gardiner p. 241 |
1966 | Actinopterygii Casier p. 103 |
1973 | Actinopterygii Daly p. 564 |
1977 | Actinopterygii Miles |
1978 | Actinopterygii Schaeffer and Dalquest p. 8 |
1980 | Acanthoniscus Lowney |
1980 | Acanthoniscus cracens Lowney |
1981 | Actinopterygii Thurmond and Jones p. 80 |
1987 | Actinopterygii Kumar and Loyal p. 68 |
1988 | Actinopterygii Case and Schwimmer p. 297 |
1991 | Actinopterygii Ahlberg p. 280 |
1993 | Actinopterygii Cvancara and Hoganson p. 13 |
1993 | Actinopterygii Domning and Clark p. 413 |
1995 | Ophiopsis lepturus Bürgin p. 818 figs. 12-14 |
1995 | Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. pp. 215-220 |
1997 | Actinopterygii Delsate p. 129 |
1999 | Actinopterygii Cartanyà p. 540 |
1999 | Actinopterygii Weems p. 32 |
2001 | Furo trottii Lombardo p. 355 figs. 7-9; pl 2A |
2002 | Palaeoniscimorpha Poplin and Lund |
2003 | Actinopterygii Delsate p. 17 |
2003 | Actinopterygii Meyer and Zardoya |
2004 | Actinopterygii Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260 |
2004 | Palaeoniscimorpha Prokofiev |
2006 | Actinopterygii Grande and Hilton p. 5 |
2007 | Actinopterygii Carnevale p. 8 |
2008 | Actinopterygii Long et al. |
2008 | Actinopterygii Previtera and González Riga |
2009 | Palaeonisci Minikh and Minikh p. 144 |
2009 | Actinopterygii Žalohar et al. p. 80 |
2010 | Actinopterygii Poyato-Ariza p. 651 |
2011 | Actinopterygii Long p. 242 |
2012 | Actinopterygii Choo |
2013 | Actinopterygii Betancur et al. |
2013 | Actinopterygii Denton p. 786 |
2014 | Actinopterygii Fourriére et al. p. 380 |
2016 | Actinopterygii Nelson et al. p. 111 |
2018 | Actinopterygii Carnevale and Godfrey p. 163 |
2019 | Actinopterygii van der Laan p. 45 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Supercl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]
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Fm. †Aesopichthyidae Poplin and Lund 2000
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Subor. †Aetheospondyli Woodward 1895
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Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825
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G. †Opsigonus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1882
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†Opsigonus megaluriformis Gorjanović-Kramberger 1882
†Opsigonus squamosus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
G. †Paralepidosteus Arambourg and Joleaud 1943
G. †Akanolepis Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981
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†Akanolepis allae Minich 1998
†Akanolepis decernans Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
G. †Anapterus Sauvage 1873
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†Anapterus elongatus Sauvage 1870
†Anapterus megistosoma Sauvage 1870
†Anapterus siculus Sauvage 1873
G. †Aneurolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1941
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†Aneurolepis macroptera Bellotti 1857
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Invalid names: Urolepis elongatus Bellotti 1857 [synonym], Urolepis microlepidota Bellotti 1857 [synonym]
Invalid names: Urolepis Bellotti 1857 [replaced]
Or. †Asarotiformes Schaeffer 1968
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G. †Burguklia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
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†Burguklia gdali Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
†Burguklia minichorum Bakaev and Kogan 2020
G. †Diplospondichthys Filleul and Dutheil 2004
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†Diplospondichthys moreaui Filleul and Dutheil 2004
Fm. †Discordichthyidae Minikh 1998
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G. †Geryonichthys Minikh 1998
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†Geryonichthys burchardi Minich 1998
†Geryonichthys longus Minich 1998
G. †Echidnocephalus von der Marck 1858
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†Echidnocephalus tenuicaudus von der Marck 1858
†Echidnocephalus troscheli von der Marck 1858
G. Engraulis Cuvier 1817
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Engraulis australis White 1790
Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus 1758
†Engraulis mordax Girard 1845
Subor. †Eurekichthyoidei Lowney 1980
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Invalid names: Eurekichthyidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Eurypoma Huxley 1866
G. †Guaymayenia Rusconi 1887
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†Guaymayenia paramillensis Rusconi 1946
†Guaymayenia paramillisensis Rusconi 1946
Fm. †Gyrolepidotidae Gardiner 1967
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Or. †Isospondyli Cope 1887
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Subor. Salmonoidea
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Fm. †Cyclolepidae David 1946
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Invalid names: Aplochitonidae [empty], Microstomidae [empty], Thymallidae [empty]
Invalid names: Notopteroidei [empty], Pholidophoroidei [empty], Sauropsidae Cope 1877 [empty], Scyphophori [empty], Stomiatioidei [empty]
G. †Kalops Poplin and Lund 2002
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†Kalops diophrys Poplin and Lund 2002
†Kalops monophrys Poplin and Lund 2002
G. †Kutaichthys Esin and Bakaev 2022
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†Kutaichthys dozmerensis Esin and Bakaev 2022
†Kutaichthys gubini Esin and Bakaev 2022
G. †Lineagruan Mickle et al. 2009
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†Lineagruan judithi Mickle et al. 2009
†Lineagruan snowyi Mickle et al. 2009
G. †Meisenheimichthys Poschmann and Schindler 2004
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†Meisenheimichthys breitenheimensis Poschmann and Schindler 2004
†Meisenheimichthys glanensis Schindler 2006
†Meisenheimichthys palatinus Poschmann and Schindler 2004
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Invalid names: Elonichthys palatinus Schindler 1993 [replaced]
Fm. †Moythomasiidae Kazantseva 1971
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G. †Opistopteryx Pictet and Humbert 1866
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†Opistopteryx curtus Davis 1887
†Opistopteryx gracilis Pictet 1850
Or. †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902
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G. †Agecephalichthys Wade 1935
G. †Arratiaichthys Richter and Breitkreuz 1997
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†Arratiaichthys chilensis Richter and Breitkreuz 1997
Fm. †Atherstoniidae Gardiner
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G. †Atherstonia Woodward 1889
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†Atherstonia australis Woodward 1902
†Atherstonia colcanapi Priem 1924
†Atherstonia madagascariensis Takai 1976
†Atherstonia minor Woodward 1893
†Atherstonia razumovskyi Chabakov 1927
†Atherstonia scutata Woodward 1889
Invalid names: Broometta Chabakov 1927 [synonym]
Fm. †Boreolepidae Aldinger 1937
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G. †Borichthys
Fm. †Brazilichthyidae Cox and Hutchinson 1991
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G. †Browneichthys Woodward 1889
G. †Burbonella
G. †Caelatichthys Lombardo 2002
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†Caelatichthys meridensis Lombardo 2002
†Caelatichthys nitens Lombardo 2002
Fm. †Canobiidae
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G. †Cosmolepis Egerton 1858
Fm. †Cosmoptychiidae Gardiner 1963
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Subor. †Dorypteroidei
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G. †Drydenius Traquair 1890
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†Drydenius insignis Traquair 1890
†Drydenius molyneuxi Traquair 1888
Invalid names: Microconodus Traquair 1877 [synonym]
G. †Gardinerichthys
G. †Gyrolepidoides Cabrera 1944
Fm. †Holuridae Moy-Thomas 1939
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G. †Igornella Heyer 1969
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†Igornella comblei Heyler 1969
†Igornella montcellensis Heyler and Poplin 1994
Fm. †Igornichthyidae Heyler 1977
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G. †Igornichthys Heyler 1977
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†Igornichthys bohemicus Štamberg 2016
†Igornichthys doubingeri Heyler 1977
G. †Letovichthys Štamberg 2007
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†Letovichthys multidentatus Štamberg 2007
†Letovichthys tuberculatus Štamberg 2007
G. †Mansfieldiscus Long 1988
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†Mansfieldiscus gibbus Woodward 1906
†Mansfieldiscus sweeti Woodward 1906
Invalid names: Cosmolepides M'Coy 1890 [synonym]
Subor. †Palaeoniscoidei
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Fm. †Amblypteridae
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Fm. †Birgeriidae Berg 1940
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G. †Birgeria Stensiö 1919
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†Birgeria acuminata Agassiz 1843
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Invalid names: Saurichthys listroconus Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Saurichthys longiconus Plieninger 1844 [synonym]
†Birgeria aldingeri Romano et al. 2017
†Birgeria americana Romano et al. 2017
†Birgeria costata Münster 1839
†Birgeria groenlandica Stensiö 1932
†Birgeria groenlandica Stensiö 1932
†Birgeria guizhouensis Liu et al. 2006
†Birgeria liui Jin 2001
†Birgeria mougeoti Agassiz 1843
†Birgeria nielseni Lehman 1948
†Birgeria stensioei Aldinger 1931
†Birgeria velox Jordan 1907
Invalid names: Severnichthys Storrs 1994 [nomen dubium], Xenesthes Jordan 1907 [replaced]
Fm. †Palaeoniscidae Vogt 1852
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G. †Carboveles White 1927
G. †Cycloptychius Young 1866
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†Cycloptychius bidens Matveeva 1958
†Cycloptychius carbonarius Young 1866
†Cycloptychius concentricus Traquair 1881
†Cycloptychius loocki Evans 2005
G. †Dicellopyge Brough 1931
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†Dicellopyge lissocephalus Brough 1931
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Invalid names: Helichthys draperi Smith-Woodward 1893 [synonym]
G. †Ferganiscus Sytchevskaya and Kakolev 1999
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†Ferganiscus osteolepis Sytchevskaya and Kakolev 1999
G. †Gonatodus Traquair 1877
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†Gonatodus brainerdi Thomas 1853
†Gonatodus punctatus Agassiz 1835
†Gonatodus toilliezi Koninck 1878
G. †Gyrolepis Agassiz 1833
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†Gyrolepis albertii Agassiz 1834
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Invalid names: Gyrolepis maximus Agassiz 1834 [synonym], Gyrolepis tenuistriatus Agassiz 1835 [synonym]
†Gyrolepis biplicatus Münster 1841
†Gyrolepis giganteus Agassiz 1835
†Gyrolepis ornatus Giebel 1848
†Gyrolepis quenstedti Dames 1888
†Gyrolepis rankinii Agassiz 1844
G. †Myriolepis Egerton 1864
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†Myriolepis clarkei Egerton 1864
†Myriolepis hibernica Traquair 1893
†Myriolepis latus Woodward 1890
G. †Oxygnathus Egerton 1854
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†Oxygnathus browni Broom 1913
†Oxygnathus egertoni Egerton 1858
Invalid names: Pteroniscus Berg 1949 [nomen nudum]
G. †Palaeoniscum Blainville 1818
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†Palaeoniscum antipodeus Egerton 1864
†Palaeoniscum antiquum Williams 1886
†Palaeoniscum bainii Egerton 1856
†Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913
†Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913
†Palaeoniscum daedalium Yankevich and Minikh 1998
†Palaeoniscum devonicum Clarke 1885
†Palaeoniscum elegans Sedgwick 1829
†Palaeoniscum freieslebeni Blainville 1818
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Invalid names: Palaeoniscum longissimus Agassiz 1835 [synonym], Palaeoniscus comtus Agassiz 1835 [synonym]
†Palaeoniscum kasanense Geinitz and Vetter 1880
†Palaeoniscum kurtum Krotov 1900
†Palaeoniscum macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscum reticulatum Williams 1886
†Palaeoniscum scutigerum Newberry 1868
†Palaeoniscus brongniartii Woodward 1877
†Palaeoniscus catopterus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscus dedenee Van Beneden 1871
†Palaeoniscus freieslebeni Blainville 1818
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Invalid names: Palaeoniscus macropomus Agassiz 1833 [synonym], Palaeoniscus magnus Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Palaeoniscus latus Kirkby 1862
†Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscus minutus Agassiz 1833
†Palaeoniscus nanus Eichwald 1857
†Palaeoniscus ovatus Redfield 1841
Invalid names: Palaeoniscum antipodeus Egerton 1864 [valid], Palaeoniscum antiquum Williams 1886 [valid], Palaeoniscum bainii Egerton 1856 [valid], Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913 [valid], Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913 [valid], Palaeoniscum crassus Woodward 1908 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum crassus Woodward 1908 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum daedalium Yankevich and Minikh 1998 [valid], Palaeoniscum devonicum Clarke 1885 [valid], Palaeoniscum elegans Sedgwick 1829 [valid], Palaeoniscum freieslebeni Blainville 1818 [valid], Palaeoniscum kasanense Geinitz and Vetter 1880 [valid], Palaeoniscum katholitzkianus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum katholitzkianus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum kurtum Krotov 1900 [valid], Palaeoniscum macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscum moravicus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum moravicus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum reticulatum Williams 1886 [valid], Palaeoniscum scutigerum Newberry 1868 [valid], Palaeoniscus brongniartii Woodward 1877 [valid], Palaeoniscus catopterus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscus dedenee Van Beneden 1871 [valid], Palaeoniscus freieslebeni Blainville 1818 [valid], Palaeoniscus latus Kirkby 1862 [valid], Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscus minutus Agassiz 1833 [valid], Palaeoniscus nanus Eichwald 1857 [valid], Palaeoniscus ovatus Redfield 1841 [valid], Palaeoniscus promtus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscus promtus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum]
G. †Palaeoniscum Blainville 1818
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†Palaeoniscum antipodeus Egerton 1864
†Palaeoniscum antiquum Williams 1886
†Palaeoniscum bainii Egerton 1856
†Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913
†Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913
†Palaeoniscum daedalium Yankevich and Minikh 1998
†Palaeoniscum devonicum Clarke 1885
†Palaeoniscum elegans Sedgwick 1829
†Palaeoniscum freieslebeni Blainville 1818
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Invalid names: Palaeoniscum longissimus Agassiz 1835 [synonym], Palaeoniscus comtus Agassiz 1835 [synonym]
†Palaeoniscum kasanense Geinitz and Vetter 1880
†Palaeoniscum kurtum Krotov 1900
†Palaeoniscum macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscum reticulatum Williams 1886
†Palaeoniscum scutigerum Newberry 1868
†Palaeoniscus brongniartii Woodward 1877
†Palaeoniscus catopterus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscus dedenee Van Beneden 1871
†Palaeoniscus freieslebeni Blainville 1818
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Invalid names: Palaeoniscus macropomus Agassiz 1833 [synonym], Palaeoniscus magnus Agassiz 1833 [synonym]
†Palaeoniscus latus Kirkby 1862
†Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835
†Palaeoniscus minutus Agassiz 1833
†Palaeoniscus nanus Eichwald 1857
†Palaeoniscus ovatus Redfield 1841
Invalid names: Palaeoniscum antipodeus Egerton 1864 [valid], Palaeoniscum antiquum Williams 1886 [valid], Palaeoniscum bainii Egerton 1856 [valid], Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913 [valid], Palaeoniscum capensis Broom 1913 [valid], Palaeoniscum crassus Woodward 1908 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum crassus Woodward 1908 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum daedalium Yankevich and Minikh 1998 [valid], Palaeoniscum devonicum Clarke 1885 [valid], Palaeoniscum elegans Sedgwick 1829 [valid], Palaeoniscum freieslebeni Blainville 1818 [valid], Palaeoniscum kasanense Geinitz and Vetter 1880 [valid], Palaeoniscum katholitzkianus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum katholitzkianus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum kurtum Krotov 1900 [valid], Palaeoniscum macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscum moravicus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum moravicus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscum reticulatum Williams 1886 [valid], Palaeoniscum scutigerum Newberry 1868 [valid], Palaeoniscus brongniartii Woodward 1877 [valid], Palaeoniscus catopterus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscus dedenee Van Beneden 1871 [valid], Palaeoniscus freieslebeni Blainville 1818 [valid], Palaeoniscus latus Kirkby 1862 [valid], Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus Agassiz 1835 [valid], Palaeoniscus minutus Agassiz 1833 [valid], Palaeoniscus nanus Eichwald 1857 [valid], Palaeoniscus ovatus Redfield 1841 [valid], Palaeoniscus promtus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum], Palaeoniscus promtus Rzehak 1881 [nomen nudum]
G. †Tegeolepis Miller 1892
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†Tegeolepis clarki Newberry 1888
†Tegeolepis clarkii Newberry 1888
Invalid names: Actinophorus Newberry 1888 [synonym]
G. †Trachelacanthus Fisher von Waldheim 1850
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†Trachelacanthus stschurovskii Fisher von Waldheim 1850
Invalid names: Isodus M'Coy 1848 [nomen dubium], Isodus leptognathus M'Coy 1848 [nomen dubium], Semionotus brodei Newton 1887 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Pygopteridae Aldinger 1937
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G. †Pygopterus Agassiz 1833
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†Pygopterus bonnardi Agassiz 1833
†Pygopterus concavus Henry 1876
†Pygopterus crecelii Wilser 1923
†Pygopterus degeeri Stensiö 1921
†Pygopterus gleerupi Aldinger 1937
†Pygopterus greenockii Agassiz 1843
†Pygopterus jamesoni Agassiz 1843
†Pygopterus latus Egerton 1850
†Pygopterus lucius Agassiz 1833
†Pygopterus nielseni Aldinger 1937
†Pygopterus scoticus Agassiz 1833
†Pygopterus sculptus Agassiz 1843
Fm. †Rhadinichthyidae Romer 1945
+
G. †Akanichthys Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
+
†Akanichthys minusculus Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
†Akanichthys shevtshenkoi Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
G. †Mentzichthys Jubb 1965
+
†Mentzichthys jubbi Gardiner 1969
†Mentzichthys maraisi Gardiner 1969
†Mentzichthys theroni Gardiner 1969
†Mentzichthys walshi Jubb 1965
G. †Rhadinichthys Traquair 1877
+
†Rhadinichthys angustulus Traquair 1881
†Rhadinichthys argentinicus Tornquist 1904
†Rhadinichthys brevis Traquair 1877
†Rhadinichthys cairnsii Jackson 1851
†Rhadinichthys canobiensis Traquair 1909
+
Invalid names: Rhadinichthys delicatulus Traquair 1881 [synonym], Rhadinichthys elegantulus Traquair 1881 [synonym], Rhadinichthys geikiei Traquair 1881 [synonym]
†Rhadinichthys carinatus Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Rhadinichthys tenuicauda Traquair 1877 [synonym]
†Rhadinichthys ferox Traquair 1877
†Rhadinichthys flexuosus Yankevich and Minikh 1998
†Rhadinichthys formosus Traquair 1904
†Rhadinichthys glabrolepis Elliott 2018
†Rhadinichthys gracilis Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Rhadinichthys grossarti Traquair 1878
†Rhadinichthys hancocki Atthey 1875
†Rhadinichthys hibernicus Traquair 1914
†Rhadinichthys laevis Traquair 1911
†Rhadinichthys leidyianus Lea 1858
†Rhadinichthys lerichei Pruvost 1919
†Rhadinichthys lineatus Newberry 1856
†Rhadinichthys macconochii Traquair 1881
†Rhadinichthys macconochii Traquair 1881
†Rhadinichthys macrodon Traquair 1877
†Rhadinichthys monensis Egerton 1850
†Rhadinichthys ornatissimus Agassiz 1835
†Rhadinichthys ornatocephalum Elliott 2018
†Rhadinichthys plumosum Elliott 2018
†Rhadinichthys renieri Pruvost 1919
†Rhadinichthys rioniger Beltan 1977
†Rhadinichthys tuberculatus Traquair 1881
†Rhadinichthys wardi Ward 1875
Invalid names: Rhadinichthys athertonensis Lowney 1980 [nomen nudum], Rhadinichthys vagus Lowney 1980 [nomen nudum]
G. †Wendyichthys Lund and Poplin 1997
+
†Wendyichthys dicksoni Lund and Poplin 1997
†Wendyichthys lautreci Lund and Poplin 1997
G. †Palaeothrissum de Blainville 1818
Fm. †Phanerorhynchidae Stensiö 1932
+
G. †Plesiococcolepis Wang 1977
G. †Protamblyptera
G. †Psilichthys Hall 1900
Subor. †Redfieldioidei Berg 1955
+
Fm. †Redfieldiidae Hutchinson 1973
+
G. †Brookvalia Wade 1933
+
Invalid names: Beaconia Wade 1935 [synonym], Dictyopleurichthys Wade 1935 [synonym]
G. †Cionichthys Schaeffer 1967
+
†Cionichthys dunklei Schaeffer 1967
†Cionichthys greeni Schaeffer 1967
G. †Dictyopyge Egerton 1847
+
†Dictyopyge formosa Broom 1913
†Dictyopyge illustrans Woodward 1890
†Dictyopyge macrurus Redfield 1841
†Dictyopyge meekeri Schaeffer and McDonald 1978
†Dictyopyge robusta Woodward 1890
†Dictyopyge symmetrica Woodward 1890
G. †Lasalichthys Schaeffer 1967
+
†Lasalichthys hillsi Schaeffer 1967
†Lasalichthys otischalkensis Gibson 2018
G. †Redfieldius Hay 1899
+
†Redfieldius anguilliformis Redfield 1841
†Redfieldius minor Newberry 1888
†Redfieldius obrai Bock 1959
†Redfieldius ornatus Newberry 1888
†Redfieldius redfieldi Egerton 1847
Invalid names: Catopterus Redfield 1837 [replaced]
G. †Synorichthys Schaeffer 1967
G. †Rhabdolepis Troschel 1857
+
†Rhabdolepis macropterus Bronn 1829
†Rhabdolepis saarbrueckensis Gardiner 1963
Fm. †Scanilepididae Aldinger 1937
+
G. †Scanilepis Aldinger 1937
+
†Scanilepis dubia Aldinger 1937
†Scanilepis spitzbergensis Aldinger 1937
Fm. †Sceletophoridae Štamberg 2006
+
G. †Songanella Saint-Seine and Casier 1962
Fm. †Trissolepidae Štamberg 2013
+
G. †Sphaerolepis Frič 1877
+
†Sphaerolepis arctata Cope 1877
†Sphaerolepis kounoviensis Frič 1875
+
Invalid names: Trissolepis kounoviensis Fritsch 1893 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Trissolepis Fritsch 1893 [objective synonym]
G. †Zaxilepis Su 1994
Invalid names: Bobasatraniiformes [synonym], Palaeoniscida [synonym]
Or. †Paleonisciformes
+
Or. †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
+
G. †Amblypterus Agassiz 1833
+
†Amblypterus agassizii Munster 1835
†Amblypterus arcuatus Egerton 1850
†Amblypterus baylei Sauvage 1890
†Amblypterus beaumonti Egerton 1850
†Amblypterus berthieri Sauvage 1893
†Amblypterus bibractensis Sauvage 1893
†Amblypterus carolinae Hay 1902
†Amblypterus caudatus Heckel and Kner 1861
†Amblypterus decorus Egerton 1850
†Amblypterus eupterygius Agassiz 1833
†Amblypterus kashmiriensis Woodward 1905
†Amblypterus lateralis Agassiz 1833
†Amblypterus macropterus Bronn 1829
†Amblypterus magnus Sauvage 1890
†Amblypterus obliquus Heckel and Kner 1861
†Amblypterus orientalis Eichwald 1860
†Amblypterus ornatus Emmons 1857
†Amblypterus stewarti Romer 1942
†Amblypterus symmetricus Woodward 1905
†Amblypterus tenuicauda Troschel 1851
†Amblypterus traquairi Woodward 1891
Invalid names: Amblypterus latus Agassiz 1833 [nomen dubium], Archaeoniscus Sauvage 1890 [synonym]
G. †Paramblypterus Blot 1966
+
†Amblypterus rohani Heckel and Kner 1861
+
Invalid names: Amblypterus luridus Heckel and Kner 1861 [synonym], Paramblypterus caudatus Heckel and Kner 1861 [synonym], Paramblypterus luridus Heckel and Kner 1861 [synonym], Paramblypterus obliquus Heckel and Kner 1861 [synonym]
†Paramblypterus comblei Heyler 1969
†Paramblypterus decorus Egerton 1850
†Paramblypterus duvernoyi Agassiz 1833
†Paramblypterus feistmanteli Fritsch 1895
†Paramblypterus gelberti Goldfuss 1847
†Paramblypterus reussi Heckel and Kner 1861
†Paramblypterus vratislaviensis Agassiz 1834
†Paramblypterus zeidleri Fritsch 1895
Invalid names: Chalkichthys Fritsch 1894 [synonym], Cosmopoma Sauvage 1890 [synonym]
Subor. †Phanerosteonoidei Lowney 1980
+
Invalid names: Phanerosteonidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Rhynchorhinus Woodward 1901
+
†Rhynchorhinus branchialis Woodward 1901
†Rhynchorhinus major Woodward 1901
G. †Roslerichthys Hamel 2005
+
†Roslerichthys riomafrensis Hamel 2005
†Roslerichthys riomafrensis Hamel 2005
G. †Schizospondylus Bayer 1902
+
†Schizospondylus dubius Bayer 1902
Invalid names: Hoplopleurum Bayer 1896 [replaced]
G. †Trawdenia Coates and Tietjen 2018
+
†Trawdenia carricki Coates 1993
†Trawdenia pancheni Coates 1993
†Trawdenia planti Traquair 1888
Invalid names: Bobastraniiformes [empty], Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Eurynotiformes Sallan and Coates 2013 [empty], Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera 1944 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli 1839 [nomen dubium], Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi 1952 [nomen dubium], Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri 1910 [nomen dubium], Palaeonisci [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. 1995 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidae Rohon 1890 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidea [invalid subgroup], Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Polypteri [empty], Protospondyli Woodward 1895 [empty], Semionotus brevis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus dubius Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus inornatus Henry 1876 [nomen dubium], Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz 1885 [nomen dubium], Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi 1950 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
Reference: Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Holocene or 419.62000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 413.02 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 413.02 Ma
Collections (1221 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Lochkovian | Norway | Actinopterygii indet. (237817 237822) | |
Lochkovian | China (Yunnan) | Meemannia eos (162781 225580) | |
Lochkovian - Pragian | Australia (New South Wales) | Terenolepis turnerae (200262) | |
Emsian | USA (Alaska) | Actinopterygii indet. (79135) | |
Emsian | Belarus (Gormel) | Actinopterygii indet. (232955 232957) | |
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian | Latvia | Orvikuina sp. (226510) | |
Eifelian | Latvia | Orvikuina sp. (225795) Orvikuina sp., Orvikuina vardiaensis (225796 225797) | |
Eifelian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Palaeoniscoidea indet. (226393) | |
Eifelian | Estonia | Orvikuina sp. (225792 225794) Orvikuina vardiaensis (225793) | |
Eifelian | Belarus (Vitebsk) | Actinopterygii indet., Orvikuina vardiaensis (232874) Orvikuina sp., Actinopterygii indet. (232958) | |
Eifelian | Belarus | Orvikuina vardiaensis (225880 225881 225882 225883 225884) | |
Early/Lower Givetian | Belarus | Orvikuina vardiaensis (225885) | |
Early/Lower Givetian | Latvia | Orvikuina spp. (225802 225850) | |
Early/Lower Givetian | Estonia | Orvikuina sp. (225804) | |
Givetian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Stegotrachelus finlayi (197264 197265) | |
Givetian - Frasnian | Russian Federation | Palaeonisciformes indet. (239155) | |
Middle Givetian | Belarus | Palaeonisci indet. (225887) | |
Late/Upper Givetian | Australia (Victoria) | Palaeoniscidae indet. (239410 239411) | |
Late/Upper Givetian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Stegotrachelus finlayi (238523) | |
Late/Upper Givetian | Belarus | Palaeonisci indet. (225888) |