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Stegoceti

Mammalia - Cetacea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2023Stegoceti Boessenecker and Geisler p. 152

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Whippomorpha
orderCetacea
—Pelagiceti
—Neoceti
suborderOdontoceti
—Amblyoccipita
—Stegoceti
—Stegoceti

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Stegoceti Boessenecker and Geisler 2023
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Fm. †Agorophiidae Abel 1914
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G. †Agorophius Cope 1895
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†Agorophius pygmaeus Muller 1849
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Invalid names: Phocodon holmesii Agassiz 1850 [objective synonym]
G. †Ankylorhiza Boessenecker et al. 2020
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†Ankylorhiza tiedemani Allen 1887
Invalid names: Microzeuglodontidae Abel 1914 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Platanistidae Gray 1846
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G. †Araeodelphis Kellogg 1957
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†Araeodelphis natator Kellogg 1957
G. †Dilophodelphis Boersma et al. 2017
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†Dilophodelphis fordycei Boersma et al. 2017
G. †Grimadelphis Godfrey and Lambert 2023
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†Grimadelphis spectorum Godfrey and Lambert 2023
G. †Pachyacanthus Brandt 1871
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†Pachyacanthus suessii Brandt 1871
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Invalid names: Cetotherium ambiguum Brandt 1872 [synonym], Pachyacanthus andrussovi Dombrovsky 1925 [synonym], Pachyacanthus bajarunasi Dombrovsky 1925 [synonym], Pachyacanthus letochae Brandt 1873 [synonym], Pachyacanthus trachyspondylus Brandt 1871 [synonym]
G. †Pebanista Benites-Palomino et al. 2024
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†Pebanista yacuruna Benites-Palomino et al. 2024
G. Platanista Wagler 1830
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Platanista gangetica Leebeck 1801
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Invalid names: Delphinorhynchus gangeticus Lesson 1827 [synonym], Delphinus shawensis Blainville 1817 [synonym], Platanista indi Blyth 1859 [synonym], Susu platanista Lesson 1828 [synonym]
Platanista minor Owen 1853
Invalid names: Susu Lesson 1828 [synonym]
Subfm. †Pomatodelphininae Barnes 2002
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G. †Prepomatodelphis Barnes 2002
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G. †Pomatodelphis Allen 1921
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†Pomatodelphis bobengi Case 1934
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Invalid names: Schizodelphis depressus Allen 1921 [synonym]
†Pomatodelphis santamaria Godfrey and Lambert 2023
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Invalid names: Champsodelphis renovi Laurillard 1844 [synonym], Schizodelphis depereti Paquier 1894 [synonym]
G. †Zarhachis Cope 1868
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†Zarhachis flagellator Cope 1868
†Zarhachis tysonii Cope 1869
†Zarhachis velox Cope 1869
Invalid names: Argyrocetinae Trouessart 1898 [empty], Platanistinae Flower 1867 [empty], Susuidae Hershkovitz 1966 [synonym], Tachyrgrhynchus Odreman-Rivas 1997 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Squalodontidae Brandt 1873
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G. †Austrosqualodon Climo and Baker 1972
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†Austrosqualodon trirhizodonta Climo and Baker 1972
G. †Eosqualodon Rothausen 1968
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†Eosqualodon langewieschei Rothausen 1968
†Eosqualodon latirostris Capellini 1903
G. †Squalodon Grateloup 1840
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†Squalodon antverpiensis Van Beneden 1861
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†Squalodon barbarus Mchedlidze and Aslanova 1968
†Squalodon bariensis Jourdan 1861
†Squalodon bellunensis Dal Piaz 1901
†Squalodon bordae Gervais 1852
†Squalodon calvertensis Kellogg 1923
†Squalodon catulli Molin 1859
†Squalodon dalpiazi Fabiani 1949
†Squalodon grateloupii von Meyer 1843
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Invalid names: Delphinoides gratelupi Pedroni 1845 [objective synonym], Squalodon burgueti Gervais 1849 [synonym], Squalodon grateloupii Gervais 1846 [objective synonym]
†Squalodon hypsispondylus Brandt 1874
†Squalodon imperator Cigala-Fulgosi and Pilleri 1985
†Squalodon linzianus Brandt 1871
†Squalodon melitensis Blainville 1840
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Invalid names: Squalodon scillae Agassiz 1841 [synonym]
†Squalodon meyeri Brandt 1873
†Squalodon mirabilis Meyer 1838
†Squalodon molassicus Bronn 1837
†Squalodon murdochi Godfrey and Lambert 2023
†Squalodon peregrinus Dal Piaz 1971
†Squalodon rugidens Meyer 1845
†Squalodon servatus Meyer 1841
†Squalodon vocontiorum Delfortrie 1874
†Squalodon whitmorei Dooley 2005
†Squalodon zitteli Paquier 1894
Invalid names: Arionius Meyer 1841 [synonym], Crenidelphinus Laurillard 1844 [synonym], Delphinoides Pedroni 1845 [synonym], Kelloggia Mchedlidze 1976 [synonym], Macrophoca Leidy 1856 [synonym], Phoca pedronii Gervais 1849 [invalid subgroup], Phocodon Agassiz 1841 [synonym], Priscodelphinus validus Du Bus 1872 [nomen nudum], Rhizoprion Jourdan 1861 [synonym], Rhytisodon Costa 1852 [synonym], Smilocomptus Gervais 1849 [synonym], Squalodon quaternarium Forsyth Major 1879 [nomen nudum], Trirhizodon Cope 1890 [synonym]
G. †Tangaroasaurus Benham 1935
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Invalid names: Mesoceti Dames 1894 [synonym], Pachyodon Meyer 1838 [nomen dubium], Portheodon Gill 1872 [nomen nudum], Prosqualodon hamiltoni Benham 1937 [invalid subgroup], Squalodon andrewi Benham 1942 [invalid subgroup], Squalodon atlanticus Leidy 1856 [invalid subgroup], Squalodontinae Rothausen 1968 [empty], Zeuglodon vredense Landois 1844 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Squaloziphiidae Muizon 1990
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G. †Crisocetus Gaetán et al. 2023
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†Crisocetus lydekkeri Gaetán et al. 2023
G. †Squaloziphius Muizon 1990
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†Squaloziphius emlongi Muizon 1990
G. †Yaquinacetus Lambert et al. 2019
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†Yaquinacetus meadi Lambert et al. 2019
Fm. Ziphiidae Gray 1850 [beaked whale]
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G. †Anoplonassa Cope 1869
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†Anoplonassa forcipata Cope 1869
G. †Belemnoziphius Huxley 1864
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†Belemnoziphius prorops Leidy 1876
Subfm. Berardiinae Moore 1968
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G. †Archaeoziphius Lambert and Louwye 2006
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†Archaeoziphius microglenoideus Lambert and Louwye 2006
G. Berardius Duvernoy 1851
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Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy 1851 [Arnoux's beaked whale]
Berardius bairdii Stejneger 1883
†Berardius kobayashii Kawatani and Kohno 2021
Berardius minimus Yamada et al. 2019 [kurotsuchikujira]
G. †Microberardius Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Microberardius africanus Bianucci et al. 2007
G. †Caviziphius Bianucci and Post 2005
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†Caviziphius altirostris Bianucci and Post 2005
G. †Chavinziphius Bianucci et al. 2016
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†Chavinziphius maxillocristatus Bianucci et al. 2016
G. †Mamaziphius Bianucci et al. 2024
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†Mamaziphius reyesi Bianucci et al. 2024
Unr. †Messapicetiformes Bianucci et al. 2024
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G. †Aporotus Du Bus 1868
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†Aporotus dicyrtus Du Bus 1868
†Aporotus recurvirostris Du Bus 1868
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Invalid names: Aporotus affinis Du Bus 1868 [synonym]
G. †Beneziphius Lambert 2005
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†Beneziphius brevirostris Lambert 2005
†Beneziphius cetariensis Miján et al. 2017
G. †Chimuziphius Bianucci et al. 2016
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†Chimuziphius coloradensis Bianucci et al. 2016
G. †Choneziphius Duvernoy 1851
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†Choneziphius chonops Leidy 1876
†Choneziphius leidyi Bianucci et al. 2013
†Choneziphius liops Leidy 1876
†Choneziphius macrops Leidy 1876
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Invalid names: Choneziphius packardi Lankester 1870 [synonym], Ziphius cuvieri Owen 1870 [synonym], Ziphius planus Owen 1870 [synonym]
†Choneziphius trachops Leidy 1876
Invalid names: Proroziphius Leidy 1876 [synonym]
G. †Dagonodum Ramassamy 2016
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†Dagonodum mojnum Ramassamy 2016
G. †Globicetus Bianucci et al. 2013
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†Globicetus hiberus Bianucci et al. 2013
G. †Imocetus Bianucci et al. 2013
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†Imocetus piscatus Bianucci et al. 2013
G. †Messapicetus Bianucci et al. 1992
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†Messapicetus gregarius Bianucci et al. 2010
†Messapicetus longirostris Bianucci et al. 1992
G. †Ninoziphius Muizon 1983
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†Ninoziphius platyrostris Muizon 1983
G. †Notoziphius Buono and Cozzuol 2013
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†Notoziphius bruneti Buono and Cozzuol 2013
G. †Tusciziphius Bianucci 1997
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†Tusciziphius atlanticus Bianucci et al. 2013
†Tusciziphius crispus Bianucci 1997
G. †Ziphirostrum Du Bus 1868
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†Ziphirostrum marginatum Du Bus 1868
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Invalid names: Mioziphius belgicus Abel 1905 [synonym], Ziphirostrum gracile Du Bus 1868 [synonym], Ziphirostrum laevigatum Du Bus 1868 [synonym]
†Ziphirostrum recurvus Du Bus 1868
†Ziphirostrum turninense Du Bus 1868
Invalid names: Mioziphius Abel 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nazcacetus Lambert et al. 2009
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†Nazcacetus urbinai Lambert et al. 2009
G. †Nenga Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Nenga meganasalis Bianucci et al. 2007
G. Tasmacetus Oliver 1937
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Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver 1937 [Shepherd's beaked whale]
Unr. †Vomeroziphii Bianucci et al. 2024
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Subfm. Hyperoodontinae Muizon 1990
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G. †Africanacetus Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Africanacetus ceratopsis Bianucci et al. 2007
†Africanacetus gracilis Ichishima et al. 2017
G. Hyperoodon Lacépède 1804
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Subg. Hyperoodon (Frasercetus) Moore 1968
Hyperoodon ampullatus Forster 1770 [northern bottlenose whale]
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Invalid names: Delphinus diodon Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Delphinus hunteri Gray 1846 [synonym], Hyperoodon borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym], Hyperoodon butskopf Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Hyperoodon latifrons Gray 1846 [synonym], Hyperoodon rostratum Wesamel 1840 [synonym]
Hyperoodon planifrons Flower 1882 [southern bottlenose whale]
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Invalid names: Delphinus hyperoodon Desmarest 1822 [synonym], Hyperoodon burmeisteri Moreno 1888 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anodon Wagler 1830 [synonym], Cetodiodon Jacob 1825 [synonym], Chaenodelphinus Eschricht 1843 [synonym], Heterodon Blainville 1817 [synonym], Lagenocetus Gray 1863 [synonym], Uranodon Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. †Ihlengesi Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Ihlengesi changoensis Bianucci et al. 2023
†Ihlengesi saldanhae Bianucci et al. 2007
G. Indopacetus Moore 1968 [tropical bottlenose whale]
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Indopacetus pacificus Longman 1926 [tropical bottlenose whale]
G. †Khoikhoicetus Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Khoikhoicetus agulhasis Bianucci et al. 2007
†Khoikhoicetus kergueleni Lambert et al. 2018
G. Mesoplodon Gervais 1850
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Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby 1804
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Invalid names: Aodon dalei Lesson 1828 [synonym], Delphinus micropterus Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Delphinus sowerbensis de Blainville 1817 [synonym], Heterodon dalei Lesson 1827 [synonym], Mesoplodon sowerbiensis Blainville 1817 [synonym], Mesoplodon sowerbyi Desmarest 1822 [synonym]
Mesoplodon bowdoini Andrews 1908
Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville 1817
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Invalid names: Ziphius seychellensis Gray 1846 [synonym]
Mesoplodon eueu Carroll et al. 2021
Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais 1852
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Invalid names: Dioplodon gervaisi Deslongchamps 1866 [synonym], Mesoplodon gervaisi Deslongchamps 1866 [synonym]
Mesoplodon ginkgodens Nishiwaki and Kamiya 1958
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Invalid names: Mesoplodon densirostris Ogawa 1938 [synonym]
Mesoplodon grayi Haast 1876
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Invalid names: Berardius hectori Hector 1874 [synonym], Mesoplodon australis Flower 1878 [synonym], Mesoplodon haasti Flower 1878 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Mesoplodon knoxi Hector 1873 [synonym]
Mesoplodon hotaula Deraniyagala 1963
Mesoplodon layardii Gray 1865 [strap-toothed whale]
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Invalid names: Mesoplodon floweri Lydekker 1887 [synonym], Mesoplodon guntheri Krefft 1871 [synonym], Mesoplodon longirostris Gray 1873 [synonym], Mesoplodon thomsoni Ogilby 1896 [synonym]
†Mesoplodon longirostris Cuvier 1824
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Invalid names: Dioplodon becanii Gervais 1859 [synonym], Dioplodon farnesinae Capellini 1891 [synonym], Dioplodon taramelli Pelizzola 1916 [synonym], Mesoplodon scaphoides Newton 1890 [synonym], Rhinostodes antwerpiensis Du Bus 1868 [synonym], Ziphius angulatus Owen 1870 [synonym], Ziphius angustus Owen 1870 [synonym]
Mesoplodon mirus True 1913 [True's beaked whale]
Mesoplodon perrini Dalebout et al. 2002
Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes et al. 1991
†Mesoplodon posti Lambert and Louwye 2016
†Mesoplodon slangkopi Bianucci et al. 2007
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Invalid names: Mesoplodon bahamondi Reyes et al. 1996 [synonym]
†Mesoplodon tumidirostris Miyazaki and Hasegawa 1992
Invalid names: Aodon Lesson 1828 [synonym], Callidon Gray 1871 [synonym], Dioplodon Gervais 1850 [synonym], Diplodon Gray 1866 [synonym], Dolichodon Gray 1866 [synonym], Mesiodon Gray 1866 [synonym], Mesodiodon Duvernoy 1851 [synonym], Mesoplodon bononiensis Capellini 1885 [nomen dubium], Mesoplodon danconae Lawley 1876 [nomen dubium], Mesoplodon lawleyi Capellini 1885 [nomen dubium], Mesoplodon medilineatus Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Mesoplodon meneghinii Lawley 1876 [nomen dubium], Micropteron Eschricht 1849 [synonym], Micropterus Wagner 1846 [synonym], Neoziphius Gray 1871 [synonym], Nodus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Oulodon van Haast 1876 [synonym], Paikea Oliver 1922 [synonym], Ziphius gibbus Owen 1870 [nomen dubium], Ziphius tenuirostris Owen 1870 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pterocetus Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Pterocetus benguelae Bianucci et al. 2007
G. †Xhosacetus Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Xhosacetus hendeysi Bianucci et al. 2007
Subfm. Ziphiinae Gray 1850 [beaked whale]
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G. †Cetorhynchus Gervais 1861
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†Cetorhynchus atavus Abel 1905
†Cetorhynchus christoli Gervais 1861
G. †Izikoziphius Bianucci et al. 2007
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†Izikoziphius angustus Bianucci et al. 2007
†Izikoziphius rossi Bianucci et al. 2007
Invalid names: Berardini Muizon 1990 [empty]
Subtr. Ziphiina Gray 1850
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Invalid names: Hyperoodontes Winge 1921 [empty]
Invalid names: Anarnacinae Gill 1872 [empty], Argyrodelphini Winge 1921 [empty], Choneziphiidae Cope 1895 [invalid subgroup], Dioplodon senensis Capellini 1885 [nomen dubium], Eboroziphius Leidy 1876 [nomen dubium], Hyperoodontidae Gray 1846 [synonym], Pelycorhamphus Cope 1895 [nomen dubium], Rhinostodes Du Bus 1868 [nomen dubium], Rhinostodes lovisatoi Vigliarolo 1894 [nomen dubium], Synostodon Vanden Broeck 1874 [invalid subgroup], Ziphiopsis Du Bus 1868 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. W. Boessenecker and J. H. Geisler 2023Odontocetes included within the Stegoceti are diagnosed by several synapomorphic features of the premaxilla, intertemporal region, and periotic including premaxilla terminating within the posterior half of the orbit (character 107, state 4) or fur- ther posterior; inflection of premaxilla positioned within posterior half of orbit (character 142, state 4) or further posterior; parietals reduced to lateral triangular exposures (character 176, state 1); dorsally expanded or greatly expanded intertemporal constriction (character 178, state 2 or 3); tympanosquamosal fossa present and triangular (character 224, state 2); blunt apex of anterior process of periotic (character 247, state 1); anterior process of periotic circular in cross-section (character 254, state 2); aperture of cochlear aqueduct of periotic similar in size to aperture for vestibular aqueduct (character 274, state 1); superior process of periotic reduced to a low crest at posterodorsal angle (character 280, state 3); suprameatal fossa of periotic reduced to shallow but clearly defined longitudinal sulcus (character 378, state 2).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatitesubo
Form: roller-shapedo
Ontogeny: modification of partso
Environment: marine, freshwatersubo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: aquatico
Depth habitat: surfaceo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: viviparoussubo
Created: 2005-03-06 14:21:39
Modified: 2005-09-22 15:42:08
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
Reference: Uhen 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 28.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma

Collections (434 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1USA (South Carolina) Agorophius pygmaeus (91482) Agorophius sp. (135687) Ankylorhiza sp. (188994) Saurocetus gibbesii (45500) Squalodon tiedemani (55520) Zeuglodon sp. (45761)
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene28.4 - 15.97New Zealand (North Otago) Squalodontidae indet. (87888)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Japan (Hokkaido) Squalodontidae indet. (45786)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Eosqualodon langewieschei (37598)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Japan Squalodon sp. (51103 51105)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Austria Squalodon hypsispondylus, Squalodon linzianus (52083)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Australia (Victoria) Dolichodon geelongensis, Parasqualodon wilkinsoni (46166)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (South Carolina) Agorophius pygmaeus (156031) Agorophius sp. (196878) Agorophius sp., Agorophiidae indet. (211540) Squalodon sp. (206943) Squalodon sp., Ankylorhiza tiedemani (97550) Squalodon sp., Squalodontidae Genus X, Squalodontidae Genus Y, Squalodontidae Genus Z (112635) Squalodontidae indet. (70957)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany Squalodon sp. (57119)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03USA (California) Squalodontidae indet. (11601)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Mexico (Baja California Sur) Squalodontidae indet. (66426 186570)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03New Zealand (South Otago) Lophocephalus parki (45654) Squalodontidae indet., Squalodon andrewi, Squalodon grateloupi (45653)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Japan (Fukuoka) Squalodontidae indet. (45834)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Squalodontidae indet. (80366)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03Azerbaijan Squalodon barbarus (45737)
Chattian - Burdigalian28.1 - 15.97USA (Oregon) Yaquinacetus meadi (200274)
Chattian - Langhian28.1 - 13.82Malta Phoca melitensis, Phocodon scillae (48661)
Duntroonian27.3 - 25.2New Zealand (N. W. Nelson) Austrosqualodon trirhizodonta (13100)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand Squalodontidae indet. (74755)
Waitakian25.2 - 21.7New Zealand (South Canterbury) Squalodon andrewi (45655 45656)