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Hexapoda
Taxonomy
Hexapoda was named by Latreille (1825). It is extant.
It was reranked as the class Hexapoda by Hegna et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Pancrustacea by Nielsen (2012); to Labiocarida by Lozano-Fernandez et al. (2019); to Allotriocarida by Hegna et al. (2020); and to Arthropoda by Latreille (1825), Vera et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the class Hexapoda by Hegna et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Pancrustacea by Nielsen (2012); to Labiocarida by Lozano-Fernandez et al. (2019); to Allotriocarida by Hegna et al. (2020); and to Arthropoda by Latreille (1825), Vera et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1825 | Hexapoda Latreille |
1926 | Entognatha Hirst and Maulik |
2012 | Hexapoda Nielsen p. 245 |
2019 | Hexapoda Lozano-Fernandez et al. |
2020 | Hexapoda Hegna et al. p. 25 |
2023 | Hexapoda Vera et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Supercl. Hexapoda Latreille 1825
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Unr. Cercofilata Kukalová-Peck 1987
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Or. Diplura Börner 1904 [two-pronged bristletails]
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Superfm. Campodeoidea Lubbock 1873
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Fm. Campodeidae Lubbock 1873
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G. Campodea Westwood 1842
Subfm. Campodeinae Lubbock 1873
Subfm. Lepidocampinae Condé 1956
G. †Onychocampodea Pierce 1951
Superfm. Japygoidea Haliday 1864
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Superfm. Projapygoidea Cook 1899
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Fm. Projapygidae Cook 1899
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G. †Electroprojapyx Sánchez-García et al. 2023
G. †Plioprojapyx Pierce 1951
G. †Symphylurinopsis Sánchez-García et al. 2023
G. Symphylurinus Silvestri 1909
Fm. †Testajapygidae Kukalová-Peck 1987
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Cl. Insecta Linnaeus 1758 [insect]
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Subcl. Acera Latreille 1802
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Or. Chelodonta Latreille 1802
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Invalid names: Acaridiae Latreille 1802 [empty], Phalangita Latreille 1802 [empty], Scorpionides Latreille 1802 [empty]
Or. Solenostoma Latreille 1802
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Invalid names: Hydracnellae Latreille 1802 [empty], Riciniae Latreille 1802 [empty]
Or. Archaeognatha Börner 1904 [jumping bristletails]
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Invalid names: Microcoryphia Verhoeff 1904 [synonym]
Unr. Dicondylia
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Unr. Paranotalia Sroka et al. 2014
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Or. †Carbotriplurida Kluge 1996
Subcl. Pterygota Brauer 1885 [winged insect]
G. †Dictyocicada Brongniart 1894
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†Dictyocicada antiqua Brongniart 1894
†Dictyocicada simplex Brongniart 1894
G. †Dytiscomorphus Fritsch 1907
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†Dytiscomorphus larvalis Fritsch 1907
Invalid names: Ditiscomorphus Fritsch 1905 [nomen nudum]
Fm. †Entomoolithidae Lee et al. 2024
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G. †Curvellipsoentomoolithus Lee et al. 2024
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†Curvellipsoentomoolithus laddi Lee et al. 2024 [grasshopper eggs]
Fm. †Entomoothecichnidae Lee et al. 2024 [fossilized insect oothecae]
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G. †Blattoothecichnus Hinkelman 2019 [Cockroach or termite ootheca]
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†Blattoothecichnus argenteus Hinkelman 2019 [Cockroach ootheca]
G. †Oothecichnus Anisyutkin et al. 2008 [dictyopteran roachioid oothecae]
G. †Subterroothecichnus Lee et al. 2024 [Insect subterranean oothecae]
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†Subterroothecichnus radialis Lee et al. 2024 [Grasshopper subterranian egg pod]
Or. †Eoblattida Handlirsch 1906
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Fm. †Atactophlebiidae Martynov 1930
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G. †Atactophlebia Martynov 1928
G. †Issadophlebia Aristov 2015
G. †Kirkorella Zalessky 1939
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Invalid names: Mariella Zalessky 1955 [synonym], Peremella Zalessky 1939 [synonym]
G. †Malmyzhia Aristov 2015
G. †Novokshonovus Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2015
Fm. †Bardapteridae Zalessky 1944
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G. †Bardapteron Zalessky 1944
G. †Issadische Aristov 2013
G. †Letopala Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2011
G. †Olgaephilus Storozhenko 1990
Fm. †Blattogryllidae Rasnitsyn 1976
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G. †Anoblattogryllus Storozhenko 1990
G. †Baharellinus Storozhenko 1992
G. †Baharellus Storozhenko 1988
G. †Blattogryllus Rasnitsyn 1976
G. †Chiastogryllus Beckemeyer 2018
G. †Costatoviblatta Storozhenko 1992
G. †Dorniella Bode 1953
G. †Embigryllus Aristov et al. 2011
G. †Griphopteron Handlirsch 1939
G. †Mallorcagryllus Aristov and Zessin 2009
G. †Permoblattogryllus Aristov 2011
G. †Vosgesopterum Aristov et al. 2011
Fm. †Doubraviidae Aristov 2015
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G. †Doubravia Kukalová 1964
G. †Iva Aristov 2015
G. †Koshelevka Aristov 2015
Fm. †Euryptilonidae Martynov 1940
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G. †Euryptilodes Sharov 1961
G. †Euryptilon Martynov 1940
G. †Jubala Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2015
G. †Karaungirella Storozhenko 1991
G. †Maculopterum Kukalová 1964
G. †Montceaupterum Myskowiak et al. 2015
G. †Quercopterum Kukalová 1964
G. †Sharovipterum Kukalová 1964
G. †Stereopterum Carpenter 1950
G. †Torrentopterum Kukalová 1964
G. †Villopterum Kukalová 1964
Invalid names: Stereopteridae Carpenter 1950 [synonym]
Fm. †Idelinellidae Storozhenko 1997
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G. †Cucullistriga Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2012
G. †Idelinella Storozhenko 1992
G. †Permostriga Novokshonov 1999
G. †Rasstriga Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2012
G. †Scutistriga Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2012
G. †Strigulla Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2012
G. †Sylvastriga Aristov 2004
Fm. †Megakhosaridae Sharov 1961
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G. †Abbrevikhosara Aristov 2013
G. †Babakhosara Aristov 2020
G. †Blattokhosara Storozhenko and Aristov 2014
G. †Ivakhosara Aristov 2008
G. †Kargalokhosara Aristov 2008
G. †Liomopterina Riek 1973
G. †Madygenocephalus Aristov 2011
G. †Megablattogryllus Storozhenko 1990
G. †Megakhosara Martynov 1937
G. †Megakhosarella Sharov 1961
G. †Megakhosarina Storozhenko 1993
G. †Megakhosarodes Storozhenko 1993
G. †Mesoblattogryllus Storozhenko 1990
G. †Metakhosara Storozhenko 1993
G. †Microkhosara Storozhenko 1993
G. †Miolopterina Riek 1976
G. †Pectinokhosara Aristov 2004
G. †Protoblattogryllus Storozhenko 1990
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Invalid names: Microblattogryllus Storozhenko 1990 [synonym]
G. †Syndesmophora Martynov 1937
G. †Syndesmorpha Martynov 1937
G. †Tshekhosara Novokshonov 1998
Fm. †Mesorthopteridae Tillyard 1922
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G. †Anakitala Aristov 2021
G. †Austroidelia Riek 1954
G. †Belmophenopterum Rasnitsyn and Aristov 2004
G. †Locustoblattina Aristov 2017
G. †Mesoidelia Storozhenko 1996
G. †Mesorthopterina Storozhenko 1996
G. †Mesorthopteron Tillyard 1916
G. †Parastenaropodites Storozhenko 1996
G. †Paridelia Sharov 1961
G. †Permorthopteron Aristov 2014
G. †Sharovites Aristov and Storozhenko 2013
G. †Sosnowiecia Dvořák et al. 2022
G. †Taskanatus Aristov 2015
G. †Tshermyaninus Aristov 2014
Invalid names: Sylviodidae Martynov 1940 [synonym]
Fm. †Protophasmatidae Brongniart 1885
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G. †Cacurgulopsis Pinto and Adami-Rodrigues 1995
G. †Heterologellus Schmidt 1962
G. †Nectoptilus Béthoux 2005
G. †Nosipteron Béthoux and Poschmann 2009
G. †Permeoblatta Rasnitsyn and Aristov 2010
G. †Pintopinna Aristov 2015
G. †Protophasma Brongniart 1878
G. †Taiophlebia Martins-Neto 2007
Invalid names: Taiophlebiidae Martins-Neto 2007 [synonym]
Fm. †Soyanopteridae Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2011
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G. †Poldarsia Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2011
G. †Soyanoptera Aristov and Rasnitsyn 2011
G. †Stereosylva Aristov 2002
Invalid names: Protoblattoidea Handlirsch 1906 [synonym]
Subcl. Lepismatona Latreille 1804
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G. †Mesosialis Haase 1890
G. †Microceratops Seyrig 1952
Fm. †Permetatoridae Novokshonov 1999
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G. †Termitidiopsis Handlirsch 1919
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†Termitidiopsis rugosum Goldenberg 1877
†Termitidiopsis rugosus Goldenberg 1877
Invalid names: Anisorhynchus lapideus Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Anthophorites gaudryi Oustalet 1870 [nomen dubium], Aphis plana Brodie 1845 [nomen dubium], Apterodicera Latreille 1802 [empty], Aspidothorax dubius Handlirsch 1919 [nomen dubium], Bifarius Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Bifarius comptae Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Bittacus reticulatus Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Blattaria Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Blattaria dunckeri Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Carabus winkleri Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Caririephemera Zamboni 2001 [nomen dubium], Caririephemera marquesi Zamboni 2001 [nomen dubium], Cercopidium schaefferi Westwood 1854 [nomen dubium], Cercopis prisca Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Chauliodites minor Blake 1876 [nomen dubium], Cheilosia dubia Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Chrysopa solenhofensis Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Cicada proserpina Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Corixa mortua Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Corrodentia [empty], Cyclocoris Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Cyclocoris pinguis Heer 1864 [nomen dubium], Ephemera deposita Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Ephemera meyeri Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Flata haidingeri Giebel 1856 [nomen dubium], Forficularia problematica Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Gymnopleurus eocaenicus Meunier 1921 [nomen dubium], Gyrophlebia Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Gyrophlebia longicollis Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Hebeitermes Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Hebeitermes weichangensis Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Hemerobius fossilis Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Hemerobius higginsi Brodie 1845 [nomen dubium], Hydroporus petefractus Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Hypatocephala Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Hypatocephala rugosa Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Ideloblattidae Zalessky 1929 [invalid subgroup], Idomastotermes Haupt 1956 [nomen dubium], Idomastotermes mysticus Haupt 1956 [nomen dubium], Leptura primigenia Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Libellulium kaupii Westwood 1854 [nomen dubium], Lygaeites priscus Giebel 1856 [nomen dubium], Meganeura vischerae Zalessky 1950 [nomen dubium], Meloe bavaricus Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Mesonotoperla Riek 1954 [nomen dubium], Mesorhagiophryne Hong and Wang 1990 [nomen dubium], Mesorhagiophryne incerta Hong and Wang 1990 [nomen dubium], Mesorhagiophryne robustus Hong and Wang 1990 [nomen dubium], Mourloniella Meunier 1899 [nomen dubium], Mourloniella solenhofensis Meunier 1899 [nomen dubium], Nematus cretaceus Fritsch 1882 [nomen dubium], Oligometabola Martynov 1923 [empty], Orthophlebia minuta Giebel 1856 [nomen dubium], Palaeodictyopteron anglicanum Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Palaeodictyopteron latipenne Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Palaeodictyopteron mazonum Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Palaeovelia Scudder 1890 [nomen dubium], Paroryssus suspectus Lin 1976 [nomen dubium], Permarrhaphidae Martynov 1931 [empty], Permodictyoptera Zalessky 1944 [empty], Phaneroptera striata Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Plecopterodea [empty], Plecopteroidea Martynov 1938 [empty], Pterodicera Latreille 1802 [empty], Pterygogenea Brauer 1885 [empty], Saperdites cristallosus Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Strongylocephalus Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Strongylocephalus charactis Tasch 1961 [nomen dubium], Sypharopteroidea Handlirsch 1911 [invalid subgroup], Termes fossilis Weyenbergh 1874 [nomen dubium], Termes grandaevus Brodie 1845 [nomen dubium], Termes peccanae Massalongo 1856 [nomen dubium], Thysanura Latreille 1796 [invalid subgroup], Tipularia teyleri Weyenbergh 1869 [nomen dubium], Triadosialis Handlirsch 1906 [nomen dubium], Ulonata Fabricius 1775 [invalid subgroup], Velia bouatia Meunier 1914 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Ellipura Börner 1910
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Cl. Collembola Lubbock 1871 [springtail]
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Or. Entomobryomorpha Börner 1913
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Superfm. Entomobryoidea Schaffer 1896
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Fm. Cyphoderidae Börner 1913
Fm. Entomobryidae Schaffer 1896
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Invalid names: Catastylidae von Olfers 1907 [synonym], Palpigeridae von Olfers 1907 [synonym]
Fm. †Oncobryidae Christiansen and Pike 2002
Fm. Paronellidae Borner 1913
Fm. †Praentomobryidae Christiansen and Nascimbene 2006
Superfm. Isotomoidea Schaffer 1896
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Fm. Isotomidae Schaffer 1896
Fm. †Protentomobryidae Folsom 1937
Invalid names: Isotoma larvata von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]
G. Paidium Koch 1840
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†Paidium crassicorne Koch and Berendt 1854
†Paidium pyriforme Koch and Berendt 1854
Or. Poduromorpha Borner 1906
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Superfm. Neanuroidea Börner 1901
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Fm. Brachystomellidae Stach 1949
Fm. Neanuridae Börner 1901
Fm. Odontellidae Massoud 1967
G. Schaefferia Absolon 1900
Or. Symphypleona Borner 1901
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Subor. Appendiciphora Bretfeld 1986
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Infraor. Katianniformia Bretfeld 1986
Infraor. Sminthuriformia Bretfeld 1986
Invalid names: Sminthurus crassicaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus cristatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus gracillimus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus longidens von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Sminthurus longipes von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Achorutes latidens von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Anoura stricta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma acuticauda von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma falcicaudata von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Isotoma hirta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Lipura longipes von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Orchesella concolor von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Papirius brevicaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Papirius verrucosus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Polystylus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Polystylus quinquecaudatus von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Triaenura von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Triaenura cornuta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Xenylla constricta von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium], Xenylla inermis von Olfers 1907 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Entognatha Hirst and Maulik 1926 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: p = phylum | |||||
Reference: Kiessling 2004 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Volkhov to the top of the Holocene or 471.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 469.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 469.2 Ma
Collections (5755 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Volkhov | Russian Federation (Leningrag oblast) | Aulocopsis simplex (235818) | |
Darriwilian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Hexapoda indet. (230215) | |
Pragian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Leverhulmia mariae (153492) Rhyniella praecursor (164613 172777) | |
Late/Upper Eifelian | Germany | Schizophora blankenheimensis (235174) | |
Givetian | USA (New York) | Archaeognatha indet. (28246) | |
Late/Upper Famennian | Belgium | Strudiella devonica (131916) | |
Arnsbergian | Germany (Bitterfeld) | Delitzschala bitterfeldensis (132797) | |
Arnsbergian | Argentina | Tupacsala niunamenos, Kirchnerala treintamil, Eugeropteridae indet. (166808) | |
Morrowan | USA (Arkansas) | Archimastax americanus (126550) | |
Bashkirian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Xenoptera riojaensis, Eugeropteron lunatum, Geropteron arcuatum (108150) | |
Bashkirian | China (Ningxia) | Paragilsonia orientalis (140832) | |
Bashkirian | USA (Illinois) | Mylacris anthracophila (122575) | |
Bashkirian - Moscovian | Argentina (Chubut) | Anthracoblattina archangelskyi, Archangelskyblatta vishniakovae (162148) | |
Pennsylvanian | Russian Federation | Archimylacridae indet. (117186) | |
Pennsylvanian | USA (New Mexico) | Phyloblattidae indet. (217076) | |
Alportian - Kinderscoutian | Netherlands | Ampeliptera limburgica (137302) | |
Kinderscoutian | Poland | Stygne roemeri (123954) | |
Kinderscoutian | USA (Utah) | Brodioptera stricklani (122484) | |
Marsdenian | Netherlands | Limburgina antiqua (157405) | |
Marsdenian | Germany | Patteiskya bouckaerti, Schmidtopteron adictyon (133679) |