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Canoidea

Mammalia - Carnivora

Taxonomy
Canoidea was named by Simpson (1931). It is extant.

It was reranked as the infraorder Canoidea by Tomiya and Tseng (2016).

It was assigned to Fissipeda by Savage (1965); to Carnivora by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Mitchell and Tedford (1973), Chorn and Hoffman (1978) and de Bonis et al. (2007); and to Caniformia by Tomiya (2011), Tomiya and Tseng (2016) and Korth et al. (2022).

Subtaxa
Arctoidea
Sister taxa
Arctoidea

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1931Canoidea Simpson
1963Caenoidea Scheffer and Rice p. 2
1965Canoidea Savage p. 288
1973Canoidea Mitchell and Tedford p. 218
1978Canoidea Chorn and Hoffman p. 1
2007Canoidea de Bonis et al.
2011Canoidea Tomiya p. 2
2016Canoidea Tomiya and Tseng
2022Canoidea Korth et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infraor. Canoidea Simpson 1931
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Superfm. Arctoidea Flower 1869
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G. †Allocyon Merriam 1930
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†Allocyon loganensis Merriam 1930
G. †Amphicticeps Matthew and Granger 1924
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†Amphicticeps dorog Wang et al. 2005
†Amphicticeps makhchinus Wang et al. 2005
†Amphicticeps shackelfordi Matthew and Granger 1924
Unr. Mustelida Tedford 1976
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Fm. Ailuridae Bonaparte 1850 [red panda]
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Subfm. Ailurinae
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Tr. †Ailurini Wallace and Lyon 2022
G. †Magerictis Ginsburg et al. 1997
Tr. †Pristinailurini Wallace and Lyon 2022
G. †Amphictis Pomel 1853
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†Amphictis aginensis de Bonis 1973
†Amphictis ambigua Gervais 1872
†Amphictis antiqua de Blainville 1842
†Amphictis borbonica Viret 1929
†Amphictis cuspida Nagel 2003
†Amphictis milloquensis Helbing 1928
†Amphictis prolongata Morlo 1996
†Amphictis schlosseri Heizmann and Morlo 1994
†Amphictis timucua Baskin 2017
G. †Protursus Crusafont and Kurtén 1976
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†Protursus simpsoni Cusafont and Kurtén 1976
G. †Simocyon Wagner 1858
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†Simocyon batalleri Viret 1929
†Simocyon diaphorus Kaup 1832
†Simocyon primigenius Wagner 1858
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Invalid names: Pliocyon marshi Thorpe 1921 [synonym]
Invalid names: Araeocyon Thorpe 1922 [synonym]
Subfm. †Simocyoninae
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G. †Actiocyon Stock 1947
G. †Alopecocyon Camp and Vanderhoof 1940
G. †Bavarictis Mödden 1991
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G. †Chaprongictis Peigné et al. 2006
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†Chaprongictis phetchaburiensis Peigné et al. 2006
Fm. Mephitidae Bonaparte 1845 [skunk]
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G. †Brachyprotoma Brown 1908
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†Brachyprotoma obtusata Cope 1899 [short-faced skunk]
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Invalid names: Brachyprotoma brevimala Heaton 1985 [synonym], Brachyprotoma pristina Brown 1908 [synonym], Brachyprotoma putorius Hay 1923 [synonym], Brachyprotoma spelaea Brown 1908 [synonym]
G. †Buisnictis Hibbard 1950
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†Buisnictis breviramus Hibbard 1941
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Invalid names: Buisnictis meadensis Hibbard 1950 [synonym]
†Buisnictis burrowsi Skinner and Hibbard 1972
†Buisnictis metabatos Wang et al. 2014
†Buisnictis schoffi Hibbard 1954
G. Conepatus Gray 1837 [hog-nosed skunk]
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†Conepatus altiramus Reig 1952
Conepatus chinga Molina 1782 [Molina's hog-nosed skunk]
†Conepatus cordubensis Ameghino 1889
Conepatus humboldtii Gray 1837 [Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk]
Conepatus leuconotus Lichtenstein 1832 [eastern hog-nosed skunk]
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Invalid names: Mephitis mesoleucus Lichtenstein 1832 [synonym]
†Conepatus mercedensis Ameghino 1875
†Conepatus primaevus Burmeister 1864
†Conepatus robustus Martin 1978
†Conepatus sanmiguelensis Wang and Carranza-Castaneda 2008
Conepatus semistriatus Boddaert 1785 [striped hog-nosed skunk]
Conepatus suffocans Illiger 1811
†Conepatus talarae Churcher and Van Zyll de Jong 1965
Invalid names: Thiosmus Lichtenstein 1838 [synonym]
G. †Martinogale Hall 1930
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†Martinogale alveodens Hall 1930
†Martinogale chisoensis Stevens and Stevens 2003
†Martinogale faulli Wang et al. 2005
†Martinogale nambiana Cope 1874
Subfm. Mephitinae Bonaparte 1845 [skunk]
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G. †Brachyopsigale Hibbard 1954
G. †Pliogale Hall 1930
G. Mephitis Cuvier 1800
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Mephitis macroura Lichtenstein 1832
Mephitis mephitis Schreber 1776 [striped skunk]
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Invalid names: Mephitis frontata Coues 1875 [synonym], Mephitis mesomelas Lichtenstein 1832 [synonym], Mephitis occidentalis Baird 1858 [synonym], Mephitis putida Cuvier 1798 [synonym], Viverra mephitica Shaw 1792 [synonym], Viverra nigra Peale and Palisot de Beauvois 1786 [synonym]
†Mephitis orthrostica Cope 1896
†Mephitis rexroadensis Hibbard 1952
Invalid names: Chincha Lesson 1842 [synonym]
G. †Miomephitis Dehm 1950
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†Miomephitis pilgrimi Dehm 1950
G. Mydaus Cuvier 1821
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Mydaus javanensis Desmarest 1820 [Sunda stink badger]
Mydaus marchei Huet 1887 [Palawan stink badger]
G. †Osmotherium Cope 1896
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†Osmotherium spelaeum Cope 1896
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Invalid names: Mephitis fodiens Hall 1936 [synonym], Mephitis fossidens Cope 1896 [synonym], Mephitis leptops Cope 1899 [synonym], Mephitis orthostichus Cope 1896 [synonym], Pelycictis lobulatus Cope 1896 [synonym]
G. †Palaeomephitis Jager 1839
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G. †Promephitis Gaudry 1861
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†Promephitis alexejewi Schlosser 1924
†Promephitis brevirostris Meladze 1967
†Promephitis hootoni Senyurek 1954
†Promephitis larteti Gaudry 1861
†Promephitis maeotica Alexejew 1916
†Promephitis majori Pilgrim 1933
†Promephitis malustenensis Simionescu 1930
†Promephitis maxima He and Huang 1991
†Promephitis parvus Wang and Qiu 2004
†Promephitis pristinidens Petter 1963
†Promephitis qinensis Wang and Qiu 2004
G. Spilogale Gray 1865
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Spilogale angustifrons Howell 1902 [southern spotted skunk]
Spilogale gracilis Merriam 1890 [western spotted skunk]
Spilogale interrupta Rafinesque 1820 [prairie spotted skunk]
Spilogale leucoparia Merriam 1890 [desert spotted skunk]
†Spilogale microdens Dalquest 1978
Spilogale putorius Linnaeus 1758 [eastern spotted skunk]
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Invalid names: Galera perdicida [synonym], Mephitis quaterlinearis Winans 1859 [synonym], Spilogale ambarvalis Bangs 1898 [synonym], Spilogale indianola Merriam 1890 [synonym], Spilogale marylandensis Gidley and Gazin 1933 [synonym], Spilogale pedroensis Gazin 1942 [synonym]
Spilogale pygmaea Thomas 1898
†Spilogale rexroadi Hibbard 1941
Spilogale yucatanensis Burt 1938 [Yucatán spotted skunk]
G. †Mustelictis Lange 1969
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†Mustelictis major Teilhard 1915
†Mustelictis olivieri de Bonis 1997
†Mustelictis piveteaui Lange 1969
†Mustelictis robustus Filhol 1915
Fm. Mustelidae Fischer 1817 [mustelid carnivore]
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G. †Acheronictis Hayes 2000
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†Acheronictis webbi Hayes 2000
G. †Ailurictis Trouessart 1899
G. †Anatolictis Schmidt-Kittler 1976
G. †Arikarictis Hayes 2000
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†Arikarictis chapini Hayes 2000
G. †Bathygale Wolson 1993
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†Bathygale lemanensis Pomel 1853
G. †Circamustela Petter 1967
G. †Corumictis Paterson et al. 2020
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†Corumictis julieni Viret 1929
†Corumictis wolsani Paterson et al. 2020
G. †Djourabus Peigne et al. 2008
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†Djourabus dabba Peigne et al. 2008
G. †Erokomellivora Werdelin 2003
G. †Franconictis Wolson 1993
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†Franconictis vireti Dehm 1950
Subfm. Galictinae Reig 1956
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Tr. †Galictini
Subfm. Guloninae Gray 1825
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G. Eira Smith 1842 [tayra]
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Invalid names: Galera Browne 1789 [replaced], Tayra Palmer 1904 [synonym]
G. Galera Gray 1843
G. Grisonia Gray 1825
Tr. †Gulonini
Tr. †Ischyrictini Ginsburg 1977
G. †Laphictis Viret 1933
G. Martes Frisch 1775 [marten]
G. Pekania Gray 1865
G. †Hadrictis Pia 1939
Subfm. Helictidinae Gray 1865 [ferret badgers]
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G. Melogale Geoffroy 1831
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Invalid names: Helictis Gray 1831 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ictonychinae Pocock 1921
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G. †Brevimalictis Smith et al. 2016
G. †Cernictis Hall 1935
G. †Eirictis Qiu et al. 2004
G. †Enhydrictis Forsyth Major 1902
G. Galictis Bell 1826 [grison]
G. Ictonyx Kaup 1835 [striped polecat]
G. †Lutravus Furlong 1932
G. Lyncodon Gervais 1844 [Patagonian weasel]
G. †Martellictis Lucenti 2018
G. †Negodiaetictis Smith et al. 2016
G. †Pannonictis Kormos 1931
G. Poecilictis Thomas and Hinton 1920 [Saharan striped weasel]
G. Poecilogale Thomas 1883
G. †Sminthosinis Bjork 1970
G. †Stipanicicia Reig 1956
G. †Trigonictis Hibbard 1941
G. †Trochictis von Meyer 1842
G. Vormela Blasius 1884 [marbled polecat]
Invalid names: Grisoninae Pocock 1921 [synonym]
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G. †Baranogale Kormos 1934
Subfm. †Leptarctinae Gazin 1936
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G. †Kinometaxia Wang et al. 2004
G. †Leptarctus Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Hypsoparia Dorr 1954 [synonym], Mephititaxus White 1941 [synonym]
G. †Schultzogale Lim and Martin 2000
G. †Trocharion Forsyth Major 1903
G. †Luogale Schmidt-Kittler 1987
Subfm. Lutrinae Baird 1857 [otter]
+
Tr. †Aonychini
G. Enhydra Fleming 1822 [sea otter]
G. †Enhydriodon Falconer 1868
G. †Enhydritherium Berta and Morgan 1985
G. Hydrictis Pocock 1921 [speckle-throated otter]
G. Lontra Gray 1843 [otter]
G. Lutra Brisson 1762 [otter]
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Invalid names: Amblonyx Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Aonyx Lesson 1827 [synonym], Barangia Gray 1865 [synonym], Hydrogale Gray 1865 [synonym], Latax Gray 1865 [synonym], Lataxina Gervais 1855 [synonym], Lutris Dumeril 1805 [synonym], Lutrix Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Lutronectes Gray 1867 [synonym], Nesolutra Bate 1935 [synonym], Nutria Gray 1865 [synonym]
G. †Lutraeximia Cherin et al. 2016
G. †Lutrictis Pomel
Tr. Lutrini Gray 1865
G. †Lutrogale
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Invalid names: Isolalutra Symeonides and Sondaar 1975 [synonym]
G. †Megencephalon Osborn et al. 1878
G. †Paludolutra Hurzeler 1987
G. †Paralutra Roman and Viret 1934
G. Pteronura Gray 1837 [giant otter]
G. †Siamogale Ginsburg et al. 1983
G. †Sivaonyx Pilgrim 1931
G. †Teruelictis Salesa et al. 2013
G. †Tyrrhenolutra Hurzeler 1987
G. †Vishnuonyx Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Aonyxini Sokolov 1973 [empty], Enhydrini Gray 1825 [empty], Enhydriodontini Morales and Pickford 2005 [empty]
G. †Marcetia Petter 1967
G. †Matanomictis Thewissen and Bajpai 2008
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†Matanomictis maniyarensis Thewissen and Bajpai 2008
G. †Melidellavus Ginsburg 1961
Subfm. Melinae Burmeister 1872 [badger]
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G. †Arctomeles Stach 1951
G. Arctonyx Cuvier 1825 [hog badger]
G. Meles Brisson 1762 [badger]
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Invalid names: Melesium Rafinesque 1815 [objective synonym], Taxus Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [objective synonym]
G. †Melodon Zdansky 1924
G. †Pelycictis Cope 1896
G. †Promeles Zittel 1893
G. †Taxodon Lartet 1851
G. †Mellalictis Ginsburg 1977
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†Mellalictis mellalensis Ginsburg 1977
Subfm. Mellivorinae Gray 1865 [ratel]
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Tr. †Eomellivorini Valenciano and Govender 2020
G. †Hoplictis Ginsburg 1961
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Invalid names: Beckia Bryant 1968 [synonym]
Tr. †Mellivorini Valenciano and Govender 2020
G. †Mesomephitis Petter 1967
G. †Miomustela Hall 1930
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†Miomustela madisonae Douglass 1929
Subfm. †Mustelavinae
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G. †Mustelavus Clark 1936
Tr. Mustelina Gray 1825
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G. Zorilla Oken 1816
Subfm. †Mustelinae Fischer 1817
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G. †Dinogale Cook and Macdonald 1962
G. †Lartetictis Ginsburg and Morales 1996
G. †Legionarictis Tseng et al. 2009
G. Mustela Linnaeus 1758 [weasel]
G. Neogale Gray 1865
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Invalid names: Neovison Baryshnikov and Abramov 1997 [synonym]
G. †Tisisthenes Martin 1973
Invalid names: Mustelini [empty]
G. †Namibictis Morales et al. 1998
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†Namibictis senuti Morales et al. 1998
G. †Oaxacagale Ferrusquía-Villafranca and Wang 2021
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†Oaxacagale ruizi Ferrusquía-Villafranca and Wang 2021
Subfm. †Oligobuninae Baskin 1998
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G. †Brachypsalis Cope 1890
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Invalid names: Brachypsaloides Webb 1969 [synonym]
G. †Floridictis Baskin 2017
G. †Megalictis Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Aelurocyon Peterson 1907 [synonym]
G. †Oligobunis Cope 1881
G. †Parabrachypsalis Baskin 2017
G. †Paroligobunis Peterson 1910
G. †Promartes Riggs 1942
G. †Zodiolestes Riggs 1942
G. †Palaeomeles de Villalta Comella and Crusafont Pairó 1943
G. †Paragale Petter 1967
+
†Paragale huerzeleri Petter 1967
G. †Parataxidea Zdansky 1924
G. †Plesictis Pomel 1846
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†Plesictis genettoides Pomel 1846
†Plesictis palmidens Filhol 1877
†Plesictis palustris Pomel 1846
†Plesictis plesictis Helbing 1930
†Plesictis robustus Filhol 1915
G. †Plesiogale Pomel 1947
+
†Plesiogale postfelina Dehm 1950
G. †Plesiomeles Viret and Crusafont Pairo 1955
+
†Plesiomeles cajali Viret and Crusafont-Pairo 1955
G. †Prepoecilogale Petter 1985
G. †Presictis
G. †Promellivora Pilgrim 1932
G. †Pyctis Babbitt 1999
+
†Pyctis inamatus Babbitt 1999
G. †Sabadellictis Petter 1963
G. †Sinictis Zdansky 1924
G. †Sivalictis Pilgrim 1932
G. †Skopelogale Baskin 2020
+
†Skopelogale melitodes Baskin 2020
Subfm. Taxidiinae Pocock 1920 [badger]
+
G. †Chamitataxus Owen 2006
G. †Pliotaxidea Hall 1944 [badger]
G. Taxidea Waterhouse 1839 [badger]
G. †Torolutra Petter 1991
+
†Torolutra ougandensis Petter et al. 1991
G. †Trochotherium Fraas 1870
G. †Watay McLaughlin et al. 2016 [weasel]
+
†Watay tabutsigwii McLaughlin et al. 2016 [weasel]
G. †Xenictis Kretzoi 1938
Invalid names: Lutrina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Martinae Wagner 1841 [empty], Mephitina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Mustellinae Fischer 1817 [empty], Potamotheriinae [empty], Viverrina Gray 1825 [empty]
G. †Peignictis de Bonis et al. 2019
+
†Peignictis pseudamphictis de Bonis et al. 2019
Fm. Procyonidae Gray 1825 [procyonid carnivore]
+
G. †Angustictis Wolson 1993
+
†Angustictis mayri Dehm 1950
G. †Broiliana Dehm 1950
+
†Broiliana dehmi Beaumont and Mein 1973
†Broiliana nobilis Dehm 1950
G. †Pachynasua Ameghino 1904
+
†Pachynasua clausa Ameghino 1904
†Pachynasua robusta Rovereto 1914
G. †Parahyaenodon Ameghino 1904
+
†Parahyaenodon argentinus Ameghino 1904
Subfm. Procyoninae Gray 1825
+
Tr. Potosini Trouessart 1904
Tr. Procyonini Gray 1825
G. †Sivanasua Pilgrim 1931
+
†Sivanasua viverroides Schlosser 1916
Invalid names: Ailuravus Schlosser 1916 [replaced]
G. †Stromeriella Dehm 1950
+
†Stromeriella depressa Morlo 1996
G. †Tetraprothomo Ameghino 1908
+
†Tetraprothomo argentinus Ameghino 1908
Invalid names: Cercoleptidae Bonaparte 1850 [synonym], Melina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Myxophagus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Procyonina Gray 1825 [empty]
G. †Pseudobassaris Pohle 1917
+
†Pseudobassaris riggsi Pohle 1917
Invalid names: Oligobunidae [empty], Procyonoidea Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Superfm. Musteloidea Fischer de Waldheim 1817
+
G. †Proputorius Filhol 1890
+
†Proputorius sansaniensis Filhol 1891
Invalid names: Semantoridae Orlov 1932 [empty]
G. †Nothocyon Wortman and Matthew 1899
+
Subg. †Nothocyon (Galecynus) Owen 1847
Unr. †Panpinnipedia Wolsan et al. 2020
+
Unr. Pinnipedimorpha Berta et al. 1989 [pinniped]
+
G. †Enaliarctos Mitchell and Tedford 1973
+
†Enaliarctos barnesi Berta 1991
†Enaliarctos emlongi Berta 1991
†Enaliarctos mealsi Mitchell and Tedford 1973
†Enaliarctos mitchelli Barnes 1979
†Enaliarctos tedfordi Berta 1991
G. †Kolponomos Stirton 1960
+
†Kolponomos clallamensis Stirton 1960
†Kolponomos newportensis Tedford et al. 1994
G. †Pacificotaria Barnes 1992
+
†Pacificotaria hadromma Barnes 1992
G. †Pinnarctidion Barnes 1979
+
†Pinnarctidion bishopi Barnes 1979
†Pinnarctidion iverseni Everett et al. 2023
†Pinnarctidion rayi Berta 1994
Unr. Pinnipedia Illiger 1811 [pinniped]
+
Fm. †Desmatophocidae Hay 1930
Fm. Odobenidae Allen 1880 [walrus]
+
Invalid names: Rosmaridae Gill 1866 [synonym]
Superfm. Otarioidea Gray 1825
G. †Palaeotaria Leriche 1910
Fm. Phocidae Gray 1821 [seal]
Superfm. Phocoidea Smirnov 1908
+
Invalid names: Amphibiae Gray 1821 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cystophoridae Gray 1866 [empty], Panotariidae Velez-Juarbe 2017 [empty], Squalodon modesta Leidy 1869 [nomen dubium]
G. †Pteronarctos Barnes 1989
+
†Pteronarctos goedertae Barnes 1989
+
Invalid names: Pteronarctos piersoni Barnes 1990 [synonym]
G. †Semantor Orlov 1932
+
†Semantor macrurus Orlov 1932
Invalid names: Enaliarctidae Tedford 1976 [empty], Phocomorpha [empty], Pinnipediformes Berta 1994 [empty]
G. †Potamotherium Geoffroy 1833
+
†Potamotherium miocenicum Peters 1868
†Potamotherium vallentoni Geoffroy-Saint-Hillaire 1833
G. †Puijila Rybczynski et al. 2009
+
†Puijila darwini Rybczynski et al. 2009
Unr. Ursida Tedford 1976
+
Superfm. Ursoidea Fischer de Waldheim 1817
+
Fm. †Subparictidae Clark and Guensburg 1972
+
G. †Subparictis Wang and Tedford 1992
Fm. Ursidae Gray 1825 [bear]
+
Subfm. †Amphicynodontinae Simpson 1945
G. †Eoarctos Wang et al. 2023
G. †Harpaleocyon Hürzeler 1944
Subfm. †Hemicyoninae Frick 1926
G. †Metarctos Gaudry 1860
G. †Proarctotherium Ameghino 1904
Subfm. Ursinae Swainson 1835
G. †Ursulus Kretzoi 1954
Invalid names: Agriotheriinae [empty], Myadina Gray 1825 [empty], Phoberocyoninae Ginsburg and Morales 1995 [empty], Taxina Gray 1825 [empty], Tremarctinae Merriam and Stock 1925 [empty]
Invalid names: Arctomorpha Wolson 1993 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available