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Eusuchia
Taxonomy
Eusuchia was named by Huxley (1875). It is extant.
It was reranked as the order Eusuchia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Crocodyliformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Eusuchia by Walker (1970), Williamson (1996) and Molnar et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Crocodilia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Loricata by Hay (1902) and Schmidt (1938); to Crocodylia by Walker (1970); to Crocodilia by Dollo (1883), Zittel (1890), Lortet (1892), Woodward (1898), Osborn (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Lambe (1908), Gilmore (1911), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Estes (1964), Charig (1967), Miller (1967), Estes and Berberian (1970) and Bartels (1984); to Crocodylia by Willis (1993) and Williamson (1996); to Crocodylia by Kuhn (1966), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Domning and Clark (1993) and Kraus (1998); to Crocodyliformes by Astibia et al. (2000) and Molnar et al. (2002); to Mesoeucrocodylia by Salisbury et al. (2006); to Crocodiliformes by Laurito and Valerio (2008); and to Neosuchia by Gasparini et al. (2006), Brochu et al. (2009), Andrade et al. (2011) and Bronzati et al. (2012).
It was reranked as the order Eusuchia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Crocodyliformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Eusuchia by Walker (1970), Williamson (1996) and Molnar et al. (2002).
It was assigned to Crocodilia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Loricata by Hay (1902) and Schmidt (1938); to Crocodylia by Walker (1970); to Crocodilia by Dollo (1883), Zittel (1890), Lortet (1892), Woodward (1898), Osborn (1904), Case (1904), Andrews (1906), Lambe (1908), Gilmore (1911), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Estes (1964), Charig (1967), Miller (1967), Estes and Berberian (1970) and Bartels (1984); to Crocodylia by Willis (1993) and Williamson (1996); to Crocodylia by Kuhn (1966), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Domning and Clark (1993) and Kraus (1998); to Crocodyliformes by Astibia et al. (2000) and Molnar et al. (2002); to Mesoeucrocodylia by Salisbury et al. (2006); to Crocodiliformes by Laurito and Valerio (2008); and to Neosuchia by Gasparini et al. (2006), Brochu et al. (2009), Andrade et al. (2011) and Bronzati et al. (2012).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1831 | Crocodylus rollinati Gray |
1853 | Pristichampsus Gervais |
1875 | Eusuchia Huxley |
1883 | Eusuchia Dollo p. 312 |
1887 | Heterosuchus valdensis Seeley |
1890 | Eusuchia Zittel p. 450 |
1892 | Eusuchia Lortet p. 91 |
1895 | Crocodylus bolcensis Sacco |
1898 | Eusuchia Gadow p. 19 |
1898 | Eusuchia Woodward p. 141 |
1902 | Eusuchia Hay p. 511 |
1904 | Eusuchia Case p. 64 |
1904 | Eusuchia Osborn p. 100 |
1906 | Eusuchia Andrews |
1908 | Eusuchia Lambe |
1911 | Eusuchia Gilmore p. 298 |
1928 | Eusuchia Perrier pp. 3110, 3118 |
1937 | Eusuchia Roxo p. 44 |
1938 | Eusuchia Schmidt p. 315 |
1946 | Eusuchia Kuhn p. 64 |
1954 | Eusuchia Huene p. 54 |
1964 | Eusuchia Estes p. 141 |
1966 | Pristichampsus rollinati Berg |
1966 | Eusuchia Kuhn p. 86 |
1967 | Eusuchia Charig p. 710 |
1967 | Eusuchia Miller p. 230 |
1970 | Eusuchia Estes and Berberian p. 6 |
1970 | Eusuchia Walker p. 369 |
1984 | Eusuchia Bartels p. 1347 |
1988 | Eusuchia Carroll |
1988 | Pristichampsus Carroll |
1988 | Eusuchia Holman and Case p. 331 |
1993 | Eusuchia Domning and Clark p. 413 |
1993 | Eusuchia Willis p. 90 |
1996 | Eusuchia Williamson p. 422 |
1998 | Eusuchia Kraus p. 391 |
2000 | Eusuchia Astibia et al. p. 237 |
2002 | Eusuchia Molnar et al. p. 613 |
2006 | Eusuchia Gasparini et al. p. 72 |
2006 | Eusuchia Salisbury et al. p. 2440 |
2007 | Pristichampsus Osi et al. |
2008 | Pristichampsus Jouve et al. |
2008 | Eusuchia Laurito and Valerio p. 109 |
2008 | Pristichampsus Martin and Buffetaut |
2009 | Eusuchia Brochu et al. p. 538 |
2010 | Pristichampsus Martin et al. |
2011 | Eusuchia Andrade et al. |
2011 | Pristichampsus Puértolas et al. |
2012 | Eusuchia Bronzati et al. |
2012 | Pristichampsus Bronzati et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Eusuchia Huxley 1875
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Fm. †Aegyptosuchidae Kuhn 1936
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Unr. †Allodaposuchidae Narváez et al. 2015
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G. †Allodaposuchus Nopcsa 1928
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†Allodaposuchus fontisensis Narváez et al. 2016
†Allodaposuchus hulki Blanco et al. 2015
†Allodaposuchus iberoarmoricanus Blanco 2021
†Allodaposuchus mechinorum Narváez et al. 2015
†Allodaposuchus megadontos Narváez et al. 2015
†Allodaposuchus palustris Blanco et al. 2014
†Allodaposuchus precedens Nopcsa 1928
†Allodaposuchus subjuniperus Puértolas-Pascual et al. 2013
Invalid names: Agaresuchus Narváez et al. 2016 [synonym], Lohuecosuchus Narváez et al. 2015 [synonym]
G. †Borealosuchus Brochu 1997
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†Borealosuchus acutidentatus Sternberg 1932
†Borealosuchus formidabilis Erickson 1976
†Borealosuchus griffithi Wu et al. 2001
†Borealosuchus sternbergii Gilmore 1910
†Borealosuchus threeensis Brochu et al. 2012
Invalid names: Leidyosuchus riggsi Schmidt 1938 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Crocodylia Owen 1842 [crocodilian]
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Unr. †Alligatoroidea Gray 1844
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G. †Deinosuchus Holland 1909
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†Deinosuchus hatcheri Holland 1909
†Deinosuchus riograndensis Colbert and Bird 1954
†Deinosuchus schwimmeri Cossette and Brochu 2020
Invalid names: Phobosuchus Nopcsa 1924 [synonym], Pliogonodon priscus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Polydectes Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Diplocynodon Pomel 1847
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†Diplocynodon buetikonensis von Meyer 1855
†Diplocynodon darwini Ludwig 1877
†Diplocynodon deponiae Frey et al. 1987
†Diplocynodon elavericus Martin 2010
†Diplocynodon kochi Venczel and Codrea 2022
†Diplocynodon levantinicum Huene and Nikoloff 1963
†Diplocynodon muelleri Kalin 1936
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Invalid names: Diplocynodon guerini Bataller 1941 [synonym], Diplocynodon marini Bataller 1941 [synonym]
†Diplocynodon ratelii Pomel 1847
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Invalid names: Asiatosuchus monsvialensis Fabiani 1914 [synonym], Diplocynodon gracilis Vaillant 1872 [synonym]
†Diplocynodon remensis Martin et al. 2014
†Diplocynodon tormis Buscalioni et al. 1992
†Diplocynodon ungeri Prangner 1845
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Invalid names: Crocodilus steineri Hofmann 1887 [synonym], Crocodilus styriacus Hofmann 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Crocodylus dalpiazi Fabiani 1915 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus monsvialensis Fabiani 1914 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Globidonta Brochu 1999
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Unr. Alligatoridae Gray 1844
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Unr. Alligatorinae Cuvier 1807
Unr. †Caimaninae Brochu 1999
G. †Caimanoidea Mehl 1916
G. †Caimanosuchus Kuhn 1938
G. †Dinosuchus Gervais 1876
G. †Eocenosuchus Kuhn 1938
G. †Hispanochampsa Kalin 1936
G. †Lianghusuchus Young 1948
G. †Listrognathosuchus Brochu 1997
G. †Proalligator Ambrosetti 1890
G. †Eocaiman Simpson 1933
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†Eocaiman cavernensis Simpson 1933
†Eocaiman itaboraiensis Pinheiro et al. 2013
†Eocaiman palaeocenicus Bona 2007
Invalid names: Notocaiman Rusconi 1937 [synonym]
Unr. †Orientalosuchina Massonne et al. 2019
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G. †Dongnanosuchus Shan et al. 2021
G. †Eoalligator Young 1964 [early alligator]
G. †Eurycephalosuchus Wu et al. 2023
G. †Krabisuchus Martin and Lauprasert 2010
G. †Orientalosuchus Massonne et al. 2019
G. †Procaimanoidea Gilmore 1946
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†Procaimanoidea kayi Mook 1941
†Procaimanoidea utahensis Gilmore 1946
G. †Leidyosuchus Lambe 1907
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Invalid names: Balanerodus Langston 1965 [nomen dubium], Balanerodus logimus Langston 1965 [nomen dubium], Bottosaurus perrugosus Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Diplocynodontinae Brochu 1999 [empty]
G. †Baharijodon Kuhn 1936
Superfm. Gavialoidea Brochu 1997
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G. †Dolichochampsa Gasparini and Buffetaut 1980
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†Dolichochampsa minima Gasparini and Buffetaut 1980
Fm. Gavialidae Adams 1854
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G. †Aktiogavialis Vélez-Juarbe et al. 2007
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†Aktiogavialis caribesi Salas-Gismondi et al. 2019
†Aktiogavialis puertoricensis Vélez-Juarbe et al. 2007
G. †Eogavialis Buffetaut 1982
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†Eogavialis africanum Andrews 1901
†Eogavialis andrewsi Storrs 2003
†Eogavialis gavialoides Andrews 1905
G. Gavialis Oppel 1811 [gharial]
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†Gavialis bengawanicus Dubois 1908
†Gavialis browni Mook 1932
Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin 1789 [Gharial]
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Invalid names: Gavialis hysudricus Lydekker 1886 [synonym]
†Gavialis lewisi Lull 1944
Gavialis priscus Soemmering 1815
G. †Hesperogavialis Bocquentin Villanueva and Buffetaut 1981
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†Hesperogavialis cruxenti Bocquentin Villanueva and Buffetaut 1981
G. †Rhamphostomopsis Rusconi 1933
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†Rhamphostomopsis neogaeus Rusconi 1933
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Invalid names: Rhamphostoma neogaea Burmeister 1885 [replaced], Rhamphostomopsis intermedius Rusconi 1935 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhamphostoma Burmeister 1885 [replaced]
G. †Siquisiquesuchus Brochu and Rincón 2004
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†Siquisiquesuchus venezuelensis Brochu and Rincón 2004
G. †Thoracosaurus Leidy 1852
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†Thoracosaurus borissiaki Efimov 1988
†Thoracosaurus brevispinus Cope 1867
†Thoracosaurus isorhynchus Pomel 1847
†Thoracosaurus macrorhynchus de Blainville 1855
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Invalid names: Thoracosaurus scanicus Troedsson 1924 [synonym]
†Thoracosaurus neocesariensis De Kay 1842
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Invalid names: Crocodilus clavirostris Morton 1845 [synonym], Crocodilus dekayi Leidy 1852 [objective synonym], Holopsisuchus brevispinus Cope 1869 [synonym], Hyposaurus fraterculus Cope 1869 [synonym], Thoracosaurus meirsanus Troxell 1925 [synonym], Thoracosaurus mullicensis Troxell 1925 [synonym]
Invalid names: Holopsisuchus Kuhn 1961 [synonym], Sphenosaurus Agassiz 1849 [synonym]
Unr. Tomistominae Eastman 1902
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G. †Dollosuchus Swinton 1937
G. †Ferganosuchus Efimov 1982
G. †Maomingosuchus Shan et al. 2017
G. †Megadontosuchus Mook 1955
G. †Melitosaurus Owen 1850
G. †Paratomistoma Brochu and Gingerich 2000
G. †Rhamphosuchus Lydekker 1886
G. †Sakhibaghoon Malkani et al. 2022
G. Tomistoma Müller 1846 [false gharial]
Invalid names: Atacisaurus Astre 1931 [nomen dubium], Atacisaurus glareae Astre 1931 [nomen dubium], Gavialis breviceps Pilgrim 1912 [nomen dubium], Gavialis curvirostris Lydekker 1886 [nomen dubium], Gavialis leptodus Cautley 1868 [nomen dubium], Gavialis pachyrhynchus Lydekker 1886 [nomen dubium], Tomistoma lyceense Costa 1864 [nomen dubium]
G. †Toyotamaphimeia Aoki 1983
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†Toyotamaphimeia machikanense Kobatake et al. 1965
†Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis Kobatake et al. 1965
†Toyotamaphimeia taiwanicus Shikama 1972
G. †Gavialosuchus Toula and Kail 1885
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†Gavialosuchus antiquus Leidy 1852
†Gavialosuchus eggenburgensis Toula and Kail 1885
Invalid names: Megalodelphis Kellogg 1944 [synonym]
G. †Kentisuchus Mook 1955
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†Kentisuchus astrei Jouve 2016
†Kentisuchus spenceri Buckland 1836
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Invalid names: Crocodilus champsoides Owen 1849 [synonym], Crocodilus toliapicus Owen 1849 [synonym]
G. †Thecachampsa Cope 1867
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†Thecachampsa carolinensis Erickson and Sawyer 1996
†Thecachampsa marylandica Clark 1895
†Thecachampsa minor Marsh 1870
†Thecachampsa sericodon Cope 1867
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†Gavialosuchus americana lusitanica Vianna and Moraes 1945
Invalid names: Megalodelphis magnidens Kellogg 1944 [synonym], Thecachampsa sicaria Cope 1869 [synonym], Tomistoma americana Sellards 1915 [synonym]
G. †Thecachampsoides Norell and Storrs 1989
Invalid names: Crocodilus basifissus Owen 1849 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus basitruncatus Owen 1849 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus fastigiatus Leidy 1851 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus marylandicus Clarke 1895 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus obscurus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus tenebrosus Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Holopsisuchus cordatus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Holopsisuchus glyptodon Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Holopsisuchus pneumaticus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Thecachampsa serratus Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Thoracosaurus grandis Leidy 1852 [nomen dubium]
G. †Isselosaurus Filhol 1888
Unr. Longirostres Cuvier
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Unr. Crocodyloidea Deraniyagala 1939
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G. †Asiatosuchus Mook 1940
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†Asiatosuchus depressifrons Blainville 1855
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Invalid names: Crocodilus depressifrons de Blainville 1855 [synonym]
†Asiatosuchus germanicus Berg 1966
†Asiatosuchus grangeri Mook 1940
†Asiatosuchus nanlingensis Young 1964
†Asiatosuchus oenotriensis Narváez et al. 2024
Invalid names: Crocodylus vicetinus Lioy 1865 [nomen dubium]
G. †Brasilosuchus Souza Filho and Bocquetin Villanueva 1989
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†Brasilosuchus mendesi Souza Filho and Bocquetin Villanueva 1989
Unr. Crocodylidae Cuvier 1807 [crocodile]
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G. †Aldabrachampsus Brochu 2006
G. †Charactosuchus Langston 1965
Unr. Osteolaeminae
G. †Tzaganosuchus Efimov 1983
G. †Zhyrasuchus Nesov et al.
Invalid names: Allognathosuchidae Case 1925 [synonym], Euthecodontinae Ginsburg and Buffetaut 1978 [empty], Leptorramphus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Oxysdonsaurus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Oxysdonsaurus striatus Ambrosetti 1890 [nomen dubium], Thoracosaurinae Cope 1871 [empty]
Unr. †Mekosuchinae Balouet and Buffetaut 1987
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G. †Australosuchus Willis and Molnar 1991
G. †Kalthifrons Yates and Pledge 2017
G. †Kambara Willis et al. 1993
Tr. †Mekosuchini
G. †Ultrastenos Stein et al. 2016
Invalid names: Crocodylus greenwoodi Suneja et al. 1977 [nomen dubium], Pallimnarchus De Vis 1886 [nomen dubium], Pallimnarchus pollens De Vis 1886 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Rhynchosuchidae Huxley [empty]
G. †Machinosaurus
G. †Mehliella Strand 1932
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†Mehliella jeffersonensis Mehl 1931
Invalid names: Walteria Mehl 1931 [replaced]
G. †Peipesuchus
Unr. †Planocraniidae Li 1976
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G. †Boverisuchus Kuhn 1938
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†Boverisuchus magnifrons Kuhn 1938
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Invalid names: Weigeltisuchus geiseltalensis Kuhn 1938 [synonym]
†Boverisuchus vorax Troxell 1925
Invalid names: Weigeltisuchus Kuhn 1938 [synonym]
G. †Duerosuchus Alonso Santiago and Alonso Andrés 2009
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†Duerosuchus piscator Alonso Santiago and Alonso Andrés 2009
G. †Rhytisodon
G. †Stenosaurus Wagler 1830
Invalid names: Amphicoelia Owen 1859 [empty], Archaeosuchidae Brown 1933 [empty], Asiatosuchus volgensis Efimov and Yarkov 1993 [nomen dubium], Asiatosuchus zajsanicus Efimov 1982 [nomen dubium], Batrachopodidae Haubold 1969 [empty], Bottosaurus tuberculatus Cope 1870 [nomen dubium], Brachydectes major Owen 1879 [nomen dubium], Brevirostres Cuvier [empty], Coelospondilia Owen 1876 [empty], Colossoemys Barbosa Rodrigues 1892 [nomen dubium], Colossoemys macrococcygeana Barbosa Rodrigues 1892 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus delucii Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Crocodilus pristinus Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Crocodylus sinhaleyus Deraniyagala 1958 [nomen nudum], Deinosuchus rugosus Emmons 1858 [nomen dubium], Dinosuchus terror Gervais 1876 [nomen vanum], Diplocynodus sphenops Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Emys quaternaria Barbosa Rodrigues 1892 [nomen dubium], Europaeosuchus Swinton 1937 [nomen nudum], Gavialis dixoni Owen 1849 [nomen dubium], Gavialis papuensis de Vis 1905 [nomen dubium], Isselosaurus doduni Gray 1831 [nomen dubium], Pliosaurus phosphaticus Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Pristichampsinae Kuhn 1968 [empty], Procoelia Owen 1859 [empty], Procrocodilia Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Pyrenodon Dujardin 1843 [nomen dubium], Thecachampsa serrata Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Thecachampsa squankensis Marsh 1869 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Hylaeochampsidae Williston 1925
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G. †Acynodon Buscalioni et al. 1997
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†Acynodon adriaticus Delfino et al. 2008
†Acynodon iberoccitanus Buscalioni et al. 1997
†Acynodon lopezi Buscalioni et al. 1997
G. †Isisfordia Salisbury et al. 2006
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†Isisfordia duncani Salisbury et al. 2006
†Isisfordia molnari Hart et al. 2019
†Isisfordia selaslophensis Etheridge 1917
Fm. †Paralligatoridae Konjukova 1954
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G. †Kansajsuchus Efimov 1975
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†Kansajsuchus extensus Efimov 1975
Invalid names: Turanosuchus Efimov 1988 [synonym], Turanosuchus aralensis Efimov 1988 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paralligator Konjukova 1954
+
†Paralligator ancestralis Konzhukova 1954
†Paralligator gradilifrons Konzhukova 1954
†Paralligator major Efimov 1981
G. †Shamosuchus Mook 1924
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†Shamosuchus djadochtaensis Mook 1924
†Shamosuchus gradilifrons Konzhukova 1954
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Invalid names: Shamosuchus ancestralis Konzhukova 1954 [synonym], Shamosuchus tersus Efimov 1983 [synonym], Shamosuchus ulanicus Efimov 1983 [synonym], Shamosuchus ulgicus Efimov 1981 [synonym]
†Shamosuchus major Efimov 1981
Invalid names: Paralligator sungaricus Sun 1958 [nomen dubium], Shamosuchus borealis Efimov 1975 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Stromerosuchidae Kuhn 1960
+
G. †Susisuchus Salisbury et al. 2003
+
†Susisuchus anatoceps Salisbury et al. 2003
†Susisuchus jaguaribensis Fortier and Schultz 2009
Invalid names: Cocodrylidae Stirton 1953 [empty], Dolichochampsidae Gasparini and Buffetaut 1980 [empty], Heterosuchus valdensis Seeley 1887 [nomen dubium], Pristichampsus Gervais 1853 [nomen dubium], Pristichampsus rollinati Gray 1831 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. Perrier 1928 | Prémaxillaires courts ne format qu'une faible partie du museau, quand il est long. Narines à l'extrémité du museau.
Corps allongé, lacertiforme; peau épaisse, protégée par des écailles à surface cornée, à l'épreuve de Veau, entre lesquelles la peau demeure molle; une fossette sensitive sur les écailles de la mâchoire inférieure; celles des parois latérales du corps, du ventre et de la queue portent une fossette sensitive; tissu conjonctifsous-jacent aux écailles plus ou moins ossifié; des écailles carénées formant sur le dos plusieurs lignes longitudinales, qui convergent pour se fusionner, sur le dos de la queue, en une crête dorsale aidant à la natation. Cinq doigts au pied de devant se réduisant a quatre, par avortement du 5c, aux pieds de derrière. Dents coniques, implantées dans des alvéoles. |