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Ceratopsia (ceratopsian)

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Ceratopsia was named by Marsh (1890). It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008).

It was reranked as the superfamily Ceratopsia by Zittel (1890); it was reranked as the order Ceratopsia by Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901), Perrier (1928) and Bakker and Galton (1974); it was reranked as the infraorder Ceratopsia by Van Den Broeck (1900), Parks (1935) and Cooper (1985); it was synonymized subjectively with Ceratopsoidea by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Ceratopsoidae by Hay (1930); it was corrected as Ceratopia by Olshevsky and Ford (1994) and Olshevsky and Ford (1994); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ceratopsia by Dodson (1997), Sereno (2000), Buchholz (2002), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Brown and Henderson (2015), Rivera-Sylva et al. (2017), Ryan et al. (2017), Dalman et al. (2018), Napoli et al. (2019), Arbour and Evans (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020), Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020), Wilson et al. (2020), Ryan et al. (2023) and Tanaka et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Dinosauri by Gadow (1897); to Predentata by Marsh (1894), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896) and Hatcher et al. (1907); to Orthopoda by Zittel (1890), Van Den Broeck (1900) and Lull (1912); to Dinosauria by Tornier (1913); to Dinosauria by Winkler (1893), Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901) and Perrier (1928); to Ornithischia by Parks (1935); to Enoplosauria by Swinton (1970); to Ornithischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Neornithopoda by Cooper (1985); to Thyreophora by Bakker (1986); to Ornithischia by Arldt (1909), Lull (1915), Matthew (1915), Lull (1924), Lull (1933), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Estes (1964), Ostrom (1965), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Thulborn (1971), Krebs (1974), Bonaparte (1978), Benton (1979), Ostrom (1980), McIntosh (1981), McGinnis (1982), Russell (1984), Maryanska and Osmólska (1985), Carroll (1988), Buffetaut and Ingavat (1992) and Peng et al. (2001); to Ornithischia by Brown and Henderson (2015), Rivera-Sylva et al. (2017), Ryan et al. (2017), Dalman et al. (2018), Napoli et al. (2019), Fowler and Freedman Fowler (2020), Wilson et al. (2020) and Ryan et al. (2023); and to Marginocephalia by Sereno (1986), Sues and Galton (1987), Benton (1990), Dodson (1990), Olshevsky and Ford (1994), Olshevsky and Ford (1994), Dodson (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Lambert et al. (2001), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004), Xu et al. (2006), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Arbour and Evans (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020) and Tanaka et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Dysganus Cope
1876Dysganus bicarinatus Cope
1876Dysganus encaustus Cope
1876Dysganus haydenianus Cope
1876Dysganus peiganus Cope
1876Dysganus bicarinatus Cope p. 5
1876Dysganus peiganus Cope p. 5
1876Dysganus Cope p. 250
1876Dysganus encaustus Cope p. 250
1876Dysganus haydenianus Cope p. 251
1877Dysganus Cope p. 266
1877Dysganus bicarinatus Cope p. 316
1877Dysganus encaustus Cope p. 316
1877Dysganus haydenianus Cope p. 316
1877Dysganus peiganus Cope p. 316
1877Dysganus Cope p. 572
1877Dysganus bicarinatus Cope p. 572
1877Dysganus encaustus Cope p. 572
1877Dysganus haydenianus Cope p. 572
1877Dysganus peiganus Cope p. 572
1883Dysganus Cope p. 99
1890Ceratopsia Marsh p. 418
1890Ceratopsia Zittel p. 749
1890Dysganus Zittel p. 765
1893Ceratopsia Winkler p. 98
1894Ceratopsia Marsh
1895Ceratopsia Marsh
1896Ceratopsia Marsh p. 243
1897Ceratopsia Gadow p. 205
1898Ceratopsia Gadow p. 23
1900Ceratopsia Van Den Broeck p. 85
1901Ceratopsia Gadow p. 430
1901Dysganus Nopcsa p. 216
1901Dysganus bicarinatus Nopcsa p. 216
1901Dysganus encaustus Nopcsa p. 216
1901Dysganus haydenianus Nopcsa p. 216
1901Dysganus peiganus Nopcsa p. 216
1902Dysganus Hay p. 504
1902Dysganus bicarinatus Hay p. 504
1902Dysganus encaustus Hay p. 505
1902Dysganus haydenianus Hay p. 505
1902Dysganus peiganus Hay p. 505
1907Ceratopsia Hatcher et al. p. 10
1909Ceratopsia Arldt p. 263
1909Dysganus Huene p. 18
1912Ceratopsia Lull p. 210
1913Ceratopsia Tornier p. 373
1915Ceratopsia Lull p. 117
1915Ceratopsia Matthew p. 32
1924Ceratopsia Lull p. 243–244
1928Ceratopsia Perrier p. 3118
1930Dysganus Hay p. 215
1930Dysganus bicarinatus Hay p. 215
1930Dysganus encaustus Hay p. 216
1930Dysganus haydenianus Hay p. 216
1930Dysganus peiganus Hay p. 216
1933Ceratopsia Lull p. 74
1935Ceratopsia Parks p. 184
1937Ceratopsia Roxo p. 44
1946Ceratopsia Kuhn p. 66
1948Ponderopoda Huene p. 95
1953Microceratops Bohlin p. 34
1953Microceratops gobiensis Bohlin p. 34
1953Microceratops sulcidens Bohlin p. 59
1954Ponderopoda Huene p. 50
1956Dysganus Romer p. 630
1956Ceratopsia Romer p. 636
1956Microceratops Romer p. 638
1958Microceratops Huene p. 206
1958Ponderopoda Huene p. 206
1958Microceratops gobiensis Young p. 231
1959Microceratops Huene p. 122
1963Ceratopsia Parsch p. 4
1964Ceratopsia Estes p. 145
1964Dysganus Kuhn p. 17
1964Dysganus bicarinatus Kuhn p. 17
1964Dysganus encaustus Kuhn p. 17
1964Dysganus haydenianus Kuhn p. 17
1964Dysganus peiganus Kuhn p. 17
1964Ceratopsia Kuhn p. 52
1964Microceratops Kuhn p. 53
1964Microceratops gobiensis Kuhn p. 53
1964Microceratops sulcidens Kuhn p. 53
1964Dysganus Tatarinov p. 569
1964Ceratopsia Tatarinov p. 578
1964Microceratops Tatarinov p. 581
1965Ceratopsia Ostrom p. 39
1966Ceratopsia Kuhn p. 106
1966Ceratopsia Romer p. 370
1966Dysganus Romer p. 370
1966Microceratops Romer p. 371
1967Ceratopsia Charig p. 717
1967Microceratops Charig p. 717
1970Ceratopsia Swinton p. 117
1970Microceratops Swinton p. 258
1971Ceratopsia Thulborn pp. 77-78 fig. 4
1974Ceratopsia Bakker and Galton p. 171
1974Ceratopsia Krebs p. 22
1974Dysganus Thulborn p. 173
1975Microceratops Maryanska and Osmólska p. 137
1975Microceratops gobiensis Maryanska and Osmólska p. 137
1975Microceratops sulcidens Maryanska and Osmólska p. 143
1977Microceratops Rozhdestvensky p. 114
1977Microceratops gobiensis Rozhdestvensky p. 114
1978Ceratopsia Bonaparte p. 331
1978Microceratops Bonaparte p. 466
1979Ceratopsia Benton p. 144
1980Mioroceratops gobiensis Chao
1980Ceratopsia Ostrom p. 23
1981Ceratopsia McIntosh p. 40
1982Ceratopsia McGinnis p. 29
1984Microceratops gobiensis Cheng p. 213
1984Ceratopsia Russell p. 29
1985Ceratopsia Cooper p. 291
1985Ceratopsia Maryanska and Osmólska pp. 143-144 fig. 1
1985Microceratops Maryanska and Osmólska p. 147
1986Ceratopsia Bakker p. 461
1986Microceratops gobiensis Li et al. p. 134
1986Microceratops Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 116
1986Ceratopsia Sereno
1986Microceratops Sereno
1987Ceratopsia Sues and Galton pp. 36-37
1988Ceratopsia Carroll
1988Microceratops Carroll
1990Ceratopsia Benton p. 19
1990Ceratopsia Dodson p. 562
1990Microceratops Dodson and Currie p. 611
1990Microceratops gobiensis Dodson and Currie p. 611
1992Ceratopsia Buffetaut and Ingavat
1992Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut and Ingavat
1992Microceratops Dong p. 166
1992Microceratops gobiensis Dong p. 166
1992Microceratops sulcidens Dong p. 166
1992Microceratops Kurzanov p. 105
1993Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut et al. p. 57
1994Microceratops gobiensis Dong and Currie p. 2249
1994Microceratops gobiensis Matsukawa and Obata p. 119
1994Ceratopia Olshevsky and Ford
1994Microceratops Olshevsky and Ford
1994Ceratopia Olshevsky and Ford p. 91
1995Kulceratops Nessov pp. 52-53 figs. Pl. 4:12
1995Kulceratops kulensis Nessov pp. 52-54 figs. Pl. 4:12
1996Microceratops Chinnery and Weishampel p. 27A
1997Microceratops gobiensis Barsbold p. 449
1997Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut p. 690
1997Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut et al. p. 183
1997Ceratopsia Dodson p. 474
1997Microceratops Dong p. 122
1997Microceratops gobiensis Mateer p. 662
1997Microceratops sulcidens Mateer p. 662
1997Microceratops gobiensis Osmólska p. 575
1997Kulceratops Ryan p. 442
1997Kulceratops kulensis Ryan p. 442
1997Ceratopsia Sereno p. 443
1998Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut p. 94
1998Microceratops Chinnery and Weishampel p. 578 fig. 10
1998Ceratopsia Sereno p. 62
1999Ceratopsia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000Ceratopsia Sereno p. 482
2001Ceratopsia Lambert et al. p. 7
2001Microceratops Makovicky p. 251 fig. 18.3
2001Microceratops gobiensis Makovicky p. 254
2001Ceratopsia Peng et al. p. 35
2002Ceratopsia Buchholz p. 20
2002Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut and Suteethorn pp. 71-73
2003Kulceratops Tereshchenko and Alifanov p. 301
2003Kulceratops kulensis Tereshchenko and Alifanov p. 301
2003Microceratops Tereshchenko and Alifanov p. 301
2003Microceratops gobiensis Tereshchenko and Alifanov p. 301
2004Ceratopsia Weishampel p. 323
2005Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut et al. pp. 577-578
2006Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut et al. p. 29
2006Ceratopsia Xu et al. p. 2135
2007Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut et al. p. 338
2007Ceratopsia Butler et al. p. S19 fig. S2
2008Ceratopsia Butler et al. pp. 21-22
2008Microceratus Mateus p. 423
2008Microceratus gobiensis Mateus p. 423
2008Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Suteethorn and Buffetaut p. 55
2012Ceratopsia Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2015Ceratopsia Brown and Henderson
2017Microceratops gobiensis Chen p. 154
2017Ceratopsia Rivera-Sylva et al.
2017Ceratopsia Ryan et al.
2018Ceratopsia Dalman et al.
2019Ceratopsia Arbour and Evans
2019Ceratopsia Napoli et al.
2020Ceratopsia Dieudonné et al.
2020Ceratopsia Fowler and Freedman Fowler
2020Ceratopsia Wilson et al.
2023Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Manitkoon et al. p. 1
2023Ceratopsia Ryan et al.
2024Ceratopsia Tanaka et al. p. 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
RankNameAuthor
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Genasauria
—Cerapoda
—Marginocephalia
—Ceratopsia()
—Ceratopsia()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Ceratopsia Marsh 1890 [ceratopsian]
show all | hide all
G. †Albalophosaurus Ohashi and Barrett 2009
+
†Albalophosaurus yamaguchiorum Ohashi and Barrett 2009
Fm. †Ceratopsidae Marsh 1888 [ceratopsid]
+
Subfm. †Centrasaurinae Lambe 1915
+
Tr. †Albertaceratopsini Loewen et al. 2024
+
G. †Albertaceratops Ryan 2007
+
G. †Lokiceratops Loewen et al. 2024
+
†Lokiceratops rangiformis Loewen et al. 2024
G. †Medusaceratops Ryan et al. 2010
+
†Medusaceratops lokii Ryan et al. 2010
Subfm. †Centrosaurinae Lambe 1915
+
Unr. †Centrosaurini Ryan et al. 2017
+
G. †Centrosaurus Lambe 1905
+
†Centrosaurus apertus Lambe 1905
+
Invalid names: Centrosaurus longirostris Sternberg 1940 [synonym], Monoclonius cutleri Brown 1917 [synonym], Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe 1902 [synonym], Monoclonius flexus Brown 1914 [synonym]
G. †Coronosaurus Ryan et al. 2012
+
†Coronosaurus brinkmani Ryan and Russell 2005
G. †Rubeosaurus McDonald and Horner 2010
+
†Rubeosaurus ovatus Gilmore 1930
G. †Spinops Farke et al. 2011
+
†Spinops sternbergorum Farke et al. 2011
G. †Styracosaurus Lambe 1913
+
+
Invalid names: Monoclonius nasicornus Brown 1917 [synonym], Styracosaurus parksi Brown and Schlaikjer 1937 [synonym]
G. †Diabloceratops Kirkland and Deblieux 2010
+
†Diabloceratops eatoni Kirkland and Deblieux 2010
G. †Machairoceratops Lund et al. 2016
+
†Machairoceratops cronusi Lund et al. 2016
G. †Menefeeceratops Dalman et al. 2021
+
†Menefeeceratops sealeyi Dalman et al. 2021
G. †Monoclonius Cope 1876
+
†Monoclonius crassus Cope 1876
+
Invalid names: Monoclonius lowei Sternberg 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Monoclonius fissus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius recurvicornis Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius sphenocerus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Nasutoceratopsini Ryan et al. 2017
+
G. †Avaceratops Dodson 1986
+
†Avaceratops lammersi Dodson 1986
G. †Crittendenceratops Dalman et al. 2018
+
†Crittendenceratops krzyzanowskii Dalman et al. 2018
G. †Furcatoceratops Ishikawa et al. 2023
+
†Furcatoceratops elucidans Ishikawa et al. 2023
G. †Nasutoceratops Sampson et al. 2013
+
†Nasutoceratops titusi Sampson et al. 2013
G. †Yehuecauhceratops Rivera-Sylva et al. 2017
+
†Yehuecauhceratops mudei Rivera-Sylva et al. 2017
Unr. †Pachyrhinosaurini Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012
+
G. †Achelousaurus Sampson 1994
+
†Achelousaurus horneri Sampson 1994
G. †Einiosaurus Sampson 1994
+
+
Invalid names: Styracosaurus makeli Czerkas and Czerkas 1990 [replaced]
G. †Pachyrhinosaurus Sternberg 1950
+
†Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Sternberg 1950
†Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie et al. 2008
†Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012
Invalid names: Pachyrostra Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012 [empty]
G. †Sinoceratops Xu et al. 2010
+
†Sinoceratops zhuchengensis Xu et al. 2010
G. †Stellasaurus Wilson et al. 2020
+
†Stellasaurus ancellae Wilson et al. 2020
G. †Wendiceratops Evans and Ryan 2015
+
†Wendiceratops pinhornensis Evans and Ryan 2015
G. †Xenoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
+
†Xenoceratops foremostensis Ryan et al. 2012
Invalid names: Brachyceratops Gilmore 1914 [nomen dubium]
G. †Ceratopsipes Lockley and Hunt 1995
+
†Ceratopsipes goldenensis Lockley and Hunt 1995
Subfm. †Chasmosaurinae Lambe 1915
+
G. †Agujaceratops Lucas et al. 2006 [Aguja horned face]
+
†Agujaceratops mavericus Lehman et al. 2017
G. †Anchiceratops Brown 1914
+
†Anchiceratops ornatus Brown 1914
+
Invalid names: Anchiceratops longirostris Sternberg 1926 [synonym]
G. †Arrhinoceratops Parks 1925
+
G. †Bisticeratops Dalman et al. 2022
+
†Bisticeratops froeseorum Dalman et al. 2022
G. †Bravoceratops Wick and Lehman 2013
+
†Bravoceratops polyphemus Wick and Lehman 2013
G. †Chasmosaurus Lambe 1914
+
†Chasmosaurus belli Lambe 1902
†Chasmosaurus russelli Sternberg 1940
+
Invalid names: Mojoceratops perifania Longrich 2010 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chasmosaurus brevirostris Lull 1933 [nomen dubium], Chasmosaurus kaiseni Brown 1933 [nomen dubium], Eoceratops Lambe 1915 [synonym], Mojoceratops Longrich 2010 [synonym], Monoclonius canadensis Lambe 1902 [nomen dubium], Protorosaurus Lambe 1914 [synonym]
G. †Coahuilaceratops Loewen et al. 2010
+
†Coahuilaceratops magnacuerna Loewen et al. 2010
G. †Judiceratops Longrich 2013
+
†Judiceratops tigris Longrich 2013
G. †Kosmoceratops Sampson et al. 2010
+
†Kosmoceratops richardsoni Sampson et al. 2010
G. †Navajoceratops Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
+
†Navajoceratops sullivani Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
G. †Pentaceratops Osborn 1923
+
+
Invalid names: Pentaceratops fenestratus Wiman 1930 [synonym]
G. †Sierraceratops Dalman et al. 2022
+
†Sierraceratops turneri Dalman et al. 2022
G. †Spiclypeus Mallon et al. 2016
+
†Spiclypeus shipporum Mallon et al. 2016
G. †Terminocavus Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
+
†Terminocavus sealeyi Fowler and Freedman Fowler 2020
Unr. †Triceratopsini Longrich 2011
+
G. †Eotriceratops Wu et al. 2007
+
†Eotriceratops xerinsularis Wu et al. 2007
G. †Regaliceratops Brown and Henderson 2015
+
†Regaliceratops peterhewsi Brown and Henderson 2015
G. †Titanoceratops Longrich 2011
+
†Titanoceratops ouranos Longrich 2011
G. †Torosaurus Marsh 1891
+
†Torosaurus latus Marsh 1891
+
Invalid names: Torosaurus gladius Marsh 1891 [objective synonym]
†Torosaurus utahensis Gilmore 1946
G. †Triceratops Marsh 1889
+
†Triceratops horridus Marsh 1889
+
Invalid names: Nedoceratops hatcheri Lull 1905 [synonym], Triceratops albertensis Sternberg 1949 [synonym], Triceratops brevicornus Hatcher and Lull 1905 [synonym], Triceratops calicornis Marsh 1898 [synonym], Triceratops elatus Marsh 1891 [synonym], Triceratops eurycephalus Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Triceratops flabellatus Marsh 1889 [synonym], Triceratops obtusus Marsh 1898 [synonym], Triceratops serratus Marsh 1890 [synonym]
†Triceratops prorsus Marsh 1890
Invalid names: Nedoceratops Ukrainsky 2007 [synonym], Ojoceratops Sullivan and Lucas 2010 [synonym], Sterrholophus Marsh 1891 [synonym], Tatankaceratops Ott and Larson 2010 [synonym], Triceratops sulcatus Marsh 1890 [nomen dubium]
G. †Utahceratops Sampson et al. 2010
+
†Utahceratops gettyi Sampson et al. 2010
G. †Vagaceratops Sampson 2010
+
†Vagaceratops irvinensis Holmes et al. 2001
+
Invalid names: Mercuriceratops gemini Ryan et al. 2014 [synonym], Pentaceratops aquilonius Longrich 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Mercuriceratops Ryan et al. 2014 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ceratops Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Pachyrhinosaurinae Huene 1950
+
G. †Eucentrosaurus Chure and McIntosh 1989
Invalid names: Agathaumas Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Agathaumidae Cope 1889 [synonym], Bison alticornis Marsh 1887 [nomen dubium], Ceratopsinae Abel 1919 [empty], Monocloniinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Polyonax Cope 1874 [nomen dubium], Triceratops galeus Marsh 1889 [nomen dubium], Triceratops ingens Lull 1915 [nomen dubium], Triceratops maximus Brown 1933 [nomen dubium], Ugrosaurus CoBabe and Fastovsky 1987 [nomen dubium]
Infraor. †Neoceratopsia Sereno 1986
+
G. †Aquilops Farke et al. 2014
+
†Aquilops americanus Farke et al. 2014
G. †Archaeoceratops Dong and Azuma 1997
+
†Archaeoceratops oshimai Dong and Azuma 1997
†Archaeoceratops yujingziensis You et al. 2010
G. †Asiaceratops Nessov et al. 1989
+
†Asiaceratops salsopaludalis Nessov et al. 1989
G. †Auroraceratops You et al. 2005
+
†Auroraceratops rugosus You et al. 2005
G. †Beg Yu et al. 2020
+
†Beg tse Yu et al. 2020
Fm. †Chaoyangsauridae Zhao 1983
+
G. †Chaoyangsaurus Zhao et al. 1999
+
†Chaoyangsaurus youngi Zhao et al. 1999
+
Invalid names: Chaoyangosaurus liaosiensis Zhao and Cheng 1983 [replaced]
Invalid names: Chaoyangosaurus Zhao and Cheng 1983 [replaced]
G. †Hualianceratops Han et al. 2015
+
†Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis Han et al. 2015
G. †Stenopelix Meyer 1857
+
†Stenopelix valdensis Meyer 1857
G. †Xuanhuaceratops Zhao et al. 2006
+
†Xuanhuaceratops niei Zhao et al. 2006
G. †Yinlong Xu et al. 2006
+
†Yinlong downsi Xu et al. 2006
Invalid names: Xuanhuasaurus niei Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Coronosauria Sereno 1986
+
Superfm. †Ceratopsoidea Hay 1902
+
G. †Ajkaceratops Osi et al. 2010
+
†Ajkaceratops kozmai Osi et al. 2010
G. †Turanoceratops Nessov et al. 1989
+
†Turanoceratops tardabilis Nessov et al. 1989
G. †Zuniceratops Wolfe and Kirkland 1998
+
†Zuniceratops christopheri Wolfe and Kirkland 1998
Fm. †Protoceratopsidae Granger and Gregory 1923
+
G. †Bagaceratops Maryanska and Osmólska 1975
+
†Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi Maryanska and Osmólska 1975
+
Invalid names: Gobiceratops minutus Alifanov 2008 [synonym], Lamaceratops tereschenkoi Alifanov 2003 [synonym], Magnirostris dodsoni You and Dong 2003 [synonym], Platyceratops tatarinovi Alifanov 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gobiceratops Alifanov 2008 [synonym], Lamaceratops Alifanov 2003 [synonym], Magnirostris You and Dong 2003 [synonym], Platyceratops Alifanov 2003 [synonym]
G. †Breviceratops Kurzanov 1990
+
†Breviceratops kozlowskii Maryanska and Osmólska 1975
G. †Protoceratops Granger and Gregory 1923
+
†Protoceratops andrewsi Granger and Gregory 1923
+
Invalid names: Bainoceratops efremovi Tereshchenko and Alifanov 2003 [synonym]
†Protoceratops hellenikorhinus Lambert et al. 2001
Invalid names: Bainoceratops Tereshchenko and Alifanov 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asiaceratopsinae Nessov et al. 1989 [empty]
Invalid names: Bagaceratopsidae Alifanov 2003 [empty]
G. †Graciliceratops Sereno 2000
+
Fm. †Leptoceratopsidae Nopcsa 1923 [leptoceratopsid]
+
G. †Cerasinops Chinnery and Horner 2007
+
†Cerasinops hodgskissi Chinnery and Horner 2007
G. †Ferrisaurus Arbour and Evans 2019
+
†Ferrisaurus sustutensis Arbour and Evans 2019
G. †Gremlin Ryan et al. 2023
+
†Gremlin slobodorum Ryan et al. 2023
G. †Gryphoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
+
†Gryphoceratops morrisoni Ryan et al. 2012
G. †Helioceratops Jin et al. 2009
+
†Helioceratops brachygnathus Jin et al. 2009
G. †Ischioceratops He et al. 2015
+
†Ischioceratops zhuchengensis He et al. 2015
G. †Koreaceratops Lee et al. 2010
+
†Koreaceratops hwaseongensis Lee et al. 2010
G. †Leptoceratops Brown 1914
+
†Leptoceratops gracilis Brown 1914
G. †Montanoceratops Sternberg 1951
+
†Montanoceratops cerorhynchus Brown and Schlaikjer 1942
G. †Prenoceratops Chinnery 2004
+
†Prenoceratops pieganensis Chinnery 2004
G. †Udanoceratops Kurzanov 1992
+
†Udanoceratops tschizhovi Kurzanov 1992
G. †Unescoceratops Ryan et al. 2012
+
†Unescoceratops koppelhusae Ryan et al. 2012
G. †Zhuchengceratops Xu et al. 2010
+
†Zhuchengceratops inexpectus Xu et al. 2010
G. †Liaoceratops Xu et al. 2002
+
†Liaoceratops yanzigouensis Xu et al. 2002
G. †Mosaiceratops Zheng et al. 2015
+
†Mosaiceratops azumai Zheng et al. 2015
G. †Sasayamagnomus Tanaka et al. 2024
+
†Sasayamagnomus saegusai Tanaka et al. 2024
G. †Yamaceratops Makovicky and Norell 2006
+
†Yamaceratops dorngobiensis Makovicky and Norell 2006
Invalid names: Archaeoceratopsidae Dong and Azuma 1997 [empty], Ceratopsomorpha Wolfe and Kirkland 1998 [empty], Protoceratopoidea Tereshchenko 2007 [empty]
G. †Notoceratops Tapia 1919 [southern horn face]
+
†Notoceratops bonarelli Tapia 1919
Fm. †Psittacosauridae Osborn 1923
+
G. †Xuanhuasaurus Zhao 1985
Invalid names: Protiguanodontidae Osborn 1923 [synonym], Stenopelyxidae Nopcsa 1927 [synonym]
G. †Psittacosaurus Osborn 1923
+
†Psittacosaurus amitabha Napoli et al. 2019
†Psittacosaurus gobiensis Sereno et al. 2010
†Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis Zhou et al. 2006
+
Invalid names: Psittacosaurus houi You et al. 2003 [synonym], Psittacosaurus major Sereno et al. 2007 [synonym]
†Psittacosaurus meileyingensis Sereno et al. 1988
+
Invalid names: Protiguanodon mongoliense Osborn 1923 [synonym], Psittacosaurus guyangensis Cheng 1982 [synonym], Psittacosaurus osborni Young 1932 [synonym], Psittacosaurus protiguanodonensis Young 1958 [synonym], Psittacosaurus tingi Young 1932 [synonym]
†Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis Russell and Zhao 1996
†Psittacosaurus sibiricus Voronkevich and Averianov 2000
+
Invalid names: Psittacosaurus youngi Chao 1962 [synonym]
†Psittacosaurus xinjiangensis Sereno and Chao 1988
Invalid names: Hongshanosaurus You et al. 2003 [synonym], Protiguanodon Osborn 1923 [synonym], Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis Xu 1997 [nomen dubium], Psittacosaurus ordosensis Russell and Zhao 1996 [nomen dubium]
G. †Serendipaceratops Rich and Vickers-Rich 2003
+
†Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei Rich and Vickers-Rich 2003
Invalid names: Chaoyangosauridae Dong 1992 [empty], Dysganus Cope 1876 [nomen dubium], Eoceratopsinae Lambe 1915 [empty], Kulceratops Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Kulceratops kulensis Nessov 1995 [nomen dubium], Microceratus Mateus 2008 [nomen dubium], Pachyrhinosauridae Sternberg 1950 [empty], Ponderopoda Huene 1948 [synonym], Psittacosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty], Psittacosaurus sattayaraki Buffetaut and Ingavat 1992 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. A. v. Zittel 1890Wirbel platycöl. Rüekenmarkcanal im Sacrum nur massig
erweitert. Skeletknochen massiv. Schädel mit langen, zugespitzten Knochenzapf en auf dem Stirnbein und grossem, nach hinten stark verbreitertem Scheitelbein. Zwischenkiefer ver- schmolzen, davor ein zugespitztes Schnauzenbein (os rostrale), welches dem zahnlosen Praedentale des Unterkiefers entspricht. Zähne mit zwei Wurzeln. Vorderbeine den Hinterbeinen an Länge wenig nachstehend, alle Zehen mit breiten Hufen. Pubis einfach, nach vorn und unten gerichtet, distal verbreitert; Postpubis fehlt. Femur ohne dritten Trochanter. Hautskelet zuweilen einen geschlossenen Panzer bildend.
H. Gadow 1898Pubes simple, with symphysis. Pentadactyle, quadrupedous. Maxilla and mandible with a toothless rostrale and predentale. With dermal armour.
H. Gadow 1901Pubic bones simple, forming a symphysis, post-pubic branches being absent. The mandible carries a toothless "pre-dental," and the fused premaxillaries carry a similar, toothless, "rostral" bone.
R. S. Lull 1924Horned dinosaurs with huge skull, upwards of one-third the entire length of the animal, with one to three horns on the facial region and a backwardly projecting crest or frill formed of the squamosals and postparietals (dermosupra-occipitals, Huene); upper and lower temporal openings present; no preorbital fenestra; toothless premaxillaries, in front of which is an unpaired rostral element, which bore the turtle-like cutting beak and met the corresponding toothless predentary of the lower jaw; teeth in deep groove and with divided roots, unique among reptiles; vertebrae amphiplatyan, with four anterior cervicals fused; both vertebrae and limb bones solid; fore limbs somewhat shorter than hind and with heavy rugosities; femur longer than tibia; hoof-like phalanges, five in front and four behind; integument covered with thick, mosaic-like squamation;
E. Perrier 1928Pubis simples, unis par une symphyse; pas de post-pubis; prémaxillaires et prédentaires sans dents, revêtus d'un bec corné. Dents à deux racines. Os pleins. Crâne se prolongeant en arrière en un bouclier couvrant la partie antérieure du dos; 2 cornes frontales et 1 nasale; aspect de Rhinocéros.
F. v. Huene 1948 (Ponderopoda)Late secondarily quadrupedous. Originated probably from Kalodontoidea and parallel branch to the Trachodontoidea. Teeth can be derived from kalodont type. Crests on the prefrontal and squamosal, similar to those on the premaxilla and nasal found in the Trachodonts; rostral and predental; nuchal shield formed by squamosal, parietal, interparietal; short neck; long sacrum; pubis reduced; little horny plates in skin. Upper Cretaceous
P. Dodson 1997Derived characters by which the Ceratopsia are distinguished from all other dinosaurs include a special bone, the rostral, situated in front of the premaxilla. The rostral bone takes the form of a narrow, sharply keeled beak that articulates with a lower beak formed by the predentary bone. Another distinctive character is the presence of laterally flaring jugal bones in the cheek region that may form distinct ventral or ventrolateral processes. All ceratopsians have at least the beginnings of a crest at the back of the skull.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 10000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 3 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialsubo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingsubo
Diet: herbivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-09-15 11:08:09
Modified: 2005-09-15 13:08:09
Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875, Norman and Weishampel 1991

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Jurassic to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 161.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (1021 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Oxfordian163.5 - 157.3China (Xinjiang) Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis (175359) Yinlong downsi (72107)
Late/Upper Jurassic - Early/Lower Cretaceous161.5 - 100.5Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Psittacosauridae indet. (69914)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Valanginian155.7 - 132.9China (Liaoning) Chaoyangosaurus liaosiensis (10755)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Valanginian155.7 - 132.9China (Hebei) Xuanhuaceratops niei (91320)
Late/Upper Berriasian145.0 - 140.2Germany (Niedersachsen) Stenopelix valdensis (69694)
Neocomian145.0 - 125.77Japan (Fukuoka) Ceratopsia indet. (166076)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5China (Nei Mongol) Psittacosaurus guyangensis, Psittacosaurus osborni (49797) Psittacosaurus neimongoliensis, Protoceratops sp. (221935)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Mongolia (Ovorkhangai) Psittacosaurus mongoliensis (48936) Psittacosaurus sp. (59358 70140 79703) Psittacosaurus sp., Protiguanodon mongoliense (48939) Psittacosaurus sp., Psittacosaurus mongoliensis (48937)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Mongolia (Dornogov) Psittacosauridae indet. (127658) Psittacosaurus sp. (48931)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5China (Gansu) Protoceratops sp. (79605)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Ceratopsia indet. (35251) Ceratopsidae indet. (152402) Chasmosaurinae indet. (52837) Triceratops prorsus (152400 152401 228825 228826 228827) Triceratops sp. (14555 52836 54105 152399 225845) Triceratops sp., Triceratops prorsus (45675)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Bison alticornis (46139) Ceratopsia indet. (49527) Ceratopsidae indet. (46210 49523 49528 49535 49539 49540 49541 49543 49547 49550 49551 49552 49555 49556 184700 219683) Dinosauria indet. (49533 49542) Polyonax mortuarius (49524) Triceratops sp. (49529 49531 49534 49536 49544 73927 182584)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ceratopsia indet. (191272) Ceratopsidae indet. (45390) Leptoceratops sp., Torosaurus sp., Triceratops sp. (224484) Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum (97798) Triceratops horridus (179969 224486) Triceratops sp. (50082 124934 150890 150892 179970 216603 224488 224489 224490 224492) Triceratops sp., Ceratopsia indet. (150893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Agathaumas sylvestris (46117) Ceratops horridus (46119) Ceratopsia indet. (52089 150932) Ceratopsidae indet. (22638 46125 175972) Diceratops hatcheri (46133) Leptoceratops gracilis (34747) Leptoceratops sp. (53824) Torosaurus gladius (46135) Torosaurus latus (46134) Triceratops brevicornus (46132 52683) Triceratops calicornis (50931) Triceratops elatus (46130 52682 52691 52692) Triceratops eurycephalus (52107) Triceratops flabellatus (46136 165876) Triceratops ingens (50930) Triceratops obtusus (46131) Triceratops prorsus (46127 46129 52690 52694 189513) Triceratops serratus (46126) Triceratops serratus, Ceratopsia indet. (52686) Triceratops sp. (14585 26760 45878 50086 50087 52088 52681 52684 52687 52688 52693 52695 54177 54179 57161 57162 57166 57168 142325 164991 164992 164993 191271 226054 226055) Triceratops sp., Triceratops sulcatus (52685) Triceratops sulcatus (46138 52689)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Ceratopsia indet. (46992) Ceratopsidae indet. (59068 62529 62531 62532 62534 62546 138834 138836 171028 171031) Ceratopsidae indet., Ojoceratops fowleri (47819) Chasmosaurinae indet. (68042) Ojoceratops fowleri (97795 97796 138833 171027)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Russian Federation (Chukot) Neoceratopsia indet. (86529)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ceratopsia indet. (55326 142753 150931) Ceratopsia indet., Triceratops sp. (179968) Ceratopsidae indet., Triceratops sp. (142326) Leptoceratops gracilis (73947 73948) Triceratops horridus (217183) Triceratops prorsus (14674 173842) Triceratops sp. (13142 55354 67129 72143 88990 99441 109659 157187 162855 183109 183110 189003 221004 221005 221007 227182 227283)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ceratopsia indet. (64628) Eotriceratops xerinsularis (75475) Leptoceratops gracilis (64353) Leptoceratops sp., Leptoceratops sp., Iguanodontidae indet. (14569) Montanoceratops sp. (64791) Torosaurus sp. (47130) Triceratops albertensis (47127 47128)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Ceratopsidae indet. (212621)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Texas) Ceratopsidae indet. (52091) Pentaceratops sp. (85188) Torosaurus utahensis (69211)