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Teleostei

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Teleostei was named by Müller (1846). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Teleostei by Gadow (1898); it was corrected as Teleostea by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the superorder Teleostei by Jordan (1963), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); it was reranked as the infraclass Teleostei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Nelson (2006), Previtera and González Riga (2008), Betancur et al. (2013), Denton (2013); it was reranked as the unranked clade Teleosti by Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); it was reranked as the unranked clade Teleostei by Normark et al. (1991), Domning and Clark (1993), Murray (1996), Fierstine (1998), Forey et al. (2003), Alvarado-Ortega (2004), Carnevale (2007), Grande and Grande (2008), Friedman et al. (2010), Long (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Arratia (2017), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

It was assigned to Actinopterygii by Gadow (1898); to Teleostomata by Jaekel (1911); to Actinopteri by Jordan (1963); to Osteichthyes by Huxley (1880), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Peng et al. (2001); to Actinopterygii by Previtera and González Riga (2008); to Neopterygii by Normark et al. (1991), Meyer and Zardoya (2003), Grande and Grande (2008); to Actinopterygii by Case and Schwimmer (1988), Murray (1996), Fierstine (1998), Fierstine (2001), Fierstine and Starnes (2005), Gottfried et al. (2006), Žalohar et al. (2009); to Actinopterygii by Domning and Clark (1993), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Carnevale (2007), Denton (2013); to Neopterygii by Nelson (2006), Friedman et al. (2010), Long (2011), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013); to Halecostomi by Forey et al. (2003), Alvarado-Ortega (2004), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018); and to Teleosteomorpha by Nelson et al. (2016), Arratia (2017), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1846Teleostei Müller
1880Teleostei Huxley p. 662
1898Teleostei Gadow p. 8
1911Teleostea Jaekel p. 87
1956Amphiuma nordica Brunner
1963Teleostei Jordan p. 616
1981Teleostei Thurmond and Jones p. 87
1987Teleostei Kumar and Loyal p. 73
1988Teleostei Case and Schwimmer p. 299
1991Teleostei Normark et al. p. 829
1993Teleostei Domning and Clark p. 413
1996Teleostei Murray p. 642
1998Teleostei Fierstine p. 34
2001Teleostei Fierstine p. 28
2001Teleostei Peng et al. p. 15
2003Teleostei Forey et al. p. 228
2003Teleostei Meyer and Zardoya
2004Teleostei Alvarado-Ortega
2004Teleostei Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2005Teleostei Fierstine and Starnes p. 281
2006Teleostei Gottfried et al.
2006Teleostei Nelson
2007Teleostei Carnevale p. 8
2008Teleostei Grande and Grande p. 10
2008Teleostei Previtera and González Riga
2009Teleostei Žalohar et al. p. 80
2010Teleostei Friedman et al. p. S33
2011Teleostei Long p. 242
2012Teleostei Fierstine et al. p. 12
2013Teleostei Betancur et al.
2013Teleostei Denton p. 786
2016Teleostei Nelson et al. p. 128
2017Teleostei Arratia p. 21
2018Teleosti Carnevale and Godfrey p. 167
2019Teleostei Ebersole et al. p. 156
2019Teleostei van der Laan p. 58
2024Teleostei Ebersole et al. p. 13
2025Teleostei Cicimurri et al. p. 76

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
RankNameAuthor
—Life
classOsteichthyes
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)
—Teleostei(Müller 1846)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Teleostei Müller 1846
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Subor. †Cycloidei Owen 1859
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G. †Smerdis Agassiz 1833
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†Smerdis latior Agassiz 1836
†Smerdis macrurus Agassiz 1834
†Smerdis micracanthus Agassiz 1835
†Smerdis minutus de Blainville 1818
†Smerdis pygmaeus Agassiz 1836
†Smerdis ventralis Agassiz 1836
Invalid names: Ctenoidei Owen 1859 [empty]
G. †Acregoliath Richter 1989
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†Acregoliath rancii Richter 1989
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Fm. †Araripichthyidae Santos 1983
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G. †Araripichthys Silva Santos 1985
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†Araripichthys axelrodi Maisey and Moody 2001
†Araripichthys weberi Alvarado-Ortega and Brito 2011
G. †Asiatolepis Takai 1943
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†Asiatolepis sankeyushuensis Ma and Sun 1988
Fm. †Chongichthyidae Arratia 1982
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G. †Chongichthys Arratia 1982
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†Chongichthys dentatus Arratia 1982
Unr. Clupeocephala Patterson and Rosen 1977
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G. †Beurlenichthys de Figueiredo and Gallo 2004
Superor. Clupeomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
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Or. †Ellimmichthyiformes Grande 1982
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Fm. †Armigatidae Murray and Wilson 2013
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G. †Armigatus Grande 1982
Subor. †Armigatoidei Murray and Wilson 2013
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G. †Diplomystus Cope 1877
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Invalid names: Copeichthys Dollo 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Codoichthys Silva Santos 1994
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†Codoichthys carnavalii Silva Santos 1994
G. †Guiclupea Chen et al. 2021
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†Guiclupea superstes Chen et al. 2021
G. †Horseshoeichthys Newbrey et al. 2010
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†Horseshoeichthys armaserratus Newbrey et al. 2010
Fm. †Paraclupeidae Chang and Chou 1977
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G. †Ellimichthys Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Eoellimmichthys Marramà et al. 2019
Subfm. †Paraclupeinae Chang and Chou 1977
G. †Scutatuspinosus Silva Santos and Correa 1985
G. †Thorectichthys Murray and Wilson 2013
G. †Triplomystus Forey et al. 2003
G. †Tycheroichthys Hay et al. 2007
Invalid names: Ellimichthyidae Grande 1982 [synonym], Ellimmichthyinae [empty], Ellimminae [empty], Scutatuspinosinae Santos and Corréa 1985 [invalid subgroup], Thorectichthyinae [empty]
Fm. †Sorbinichthyidae Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
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G. †Sorbinichthys Bannikov and Bacchia 2000
Subor. †Sorbinichthyoidei Marramà and Carnevale 2017
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Fm. †Gasteroclupeidae Signeux 1964
Invalid names: Ellimichthyoidei [empty]
G. †Leufuichthys Gallo et al. 2011
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†Leufuichthys minimus Gallo et al. 2011
G. †Ornategulum Forey 1973
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†Ornategulum sardinioides Pictet 1850
G. †Ranulfoichthys Alvarado-Ortega 2014
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†Ranulfoichthys dorsonudum Alvarado-Ortega 2014
G. †Scombroclupea Kner 1863
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†Scombroclupea diminuta Forey et al. 2003
†Scombroclupea gaudryi Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Scombroclupea javieri Than-Marchese et al. 2020
†Scombroclupea occidentalis Giersch et al. 2011
†Scombroclupea scutata Woodward 1908
Unr. Euteleostei Rosen 1973
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G. †Avitosmerus Fielitz 2002
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†Avitosmerus canadensis Fielitz 2002
Fm. †Protostomiidae Arambourg 1943
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G. †Pronotacanthus Woodward 1901
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G. †Protostomias Arambourg 1933
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†Protostomias maroccanus Arambourg 1943
G. †Santanasalmo Gallo et al. 2009
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†Santanasalmo elegans Gallo et al. 2009
Invalid names: Lampridiomorpha [empty], Lamprimorpha [empty], Osmeromorpha [empty], Scopelomorpha [empty]
+
G. †Erichalcis Forey 1975
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†Erichalcis arcta Forey 1975
†Erichalcis conspicua Hermus et al. 2004
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+
Invalid names: Lepidogalaxiidae [empty]
Unr. Neoteleostei Rosen 1973
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Or. Ateleopodiformes [jellynose fish]
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Fm. Ateleopodidae Bonaparte 1850
Unr. Eurypterygia Rosen 1973
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Or. Alepisauriformes Regan 1911
Fm. †Cheirothricidae Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Aulopa [empty], Cheirothricidae Woodward 1901 [empty]
Fm. †Thaumaturidae Voigt 1934
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G. †Thaumaturus Reuss 1844
Fm. Tomognathidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Tomognathus Agassiz 1850
Invalid names: Ateleopodia [empty]
Unr. Protacanthopterygii Greenwood et al. 1966
+
+
Fm. Argentinidae Bonaparte 1838
Invalid names: Argentinoidei Bertelsen 1958 [empty], Bathylagidae [empty]
Fm. †Bernardichthyidae Huddleston 1981
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G. †Bernardichthys Huddleston 1981
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Fm. Esocidae Cuvier 1817
Invalid names: Palaeoesocidae [empty]
Fm. †Ferrifronsidae Arratia and Chorn 1998
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G. †Acanthichthys Arratia and Chorn 1998
G. †Ferrifrons Jordan 1925
Fm. †Orthogonikleithridae Arratia 1987
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G. †Leptolepides Nybelin 1974
G. †Orthogonikleithrus Arratia 1987
Or. Salmoniformes Bleeker 1859
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G. †Barcarenichthys Gayet 1989
G. †Casieroides Taverne 1975
G. †Chardonius Taverne 1975
Subor. †Cimolichthyoidei Goody 1969
G. †Gharbouria Gayet 1988
G. †Goudkoffia David 1946
G. †Natlandia David 1946
G. Prosopium Jordan 1878
G. †Pseudoleptolepis Taverne 1975
Fm. Salmonidae Cuvier 1816
G. Thymallus Cuvier 1829
Invalid names: Esocoidea Bleeker 1859 [empty], Esocoidei Berg 1936 [empty], Myctophoidei [empty]
+
+
G. Allosmerus Hubbs 1925
G. †Carpathichthys Jerzmanska 1979
G. †Enoplophthalmus Sauvage 1880
G. Maulisia Parr 1960
G. †Nybelinoides Taverne 1982
G. Opisthoproctus Vaillant 1888
Subor. Osmeroidei
Fm. †Spaniodontidae Jordan 1905
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Subor. †Gonostomatoidei
G. Ichthyococcus Bonaparte 1841
G. †Idrissia Arambourg 1954
G. †Ohuus Sato 1962
G. †Paravinciguerria Arambourg 1955
G. †Praewoodsia Arambourg 1967
Subor. Stomioidei
G. †Telepholis von der Marck 1868
Invalid names: Diplophidae [empty], Gonostomata [empty], Phosichthyoidei [empty]
Fm. †Xeneichthyidae Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
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G. †Xeneichthys Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
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†Xeneichthys yanesi Arratia and González-Rodríguez 2024
Invalid names: Erichalcidae [empty]
Fm. †Lycoclupeidae Gowda 1967
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G. †Lycoclupea Gowda 1967
Unr. †Otocephala
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G. Otariophysi Rosen and Greenwood 1970
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Superor. Alepocephali
+
+
Invalid names: Bathylaconidae Parr 1948 [empty]
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Fm. †Sorbininardidae Taverne 1999
Fm. †Clupavidae Bertin and Arambourg 1958
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G. †Clupavus Arambourg 1950
G. †Lusitanichthys Gavet 1980
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Superor. Clupei
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Or. Clupeiformes Bleeker 1859
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G. †Austroclupea Bardack 1961
Subor. Clupeoidei Bleeker 1859 [herring]
G. †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
G. †Hacquetia Szajnocha 1886
G. †Pseudoellimma De Figueiredo 2009
Invalid names: Chirocentroidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Ganolytidae Jordan 1921
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G. †Ganolytes Jordan 1919
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†Ganolytes aphrasta Jordan 1925
†Ganolytes aratus Jordan 1924
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Invalid names: Diradias fenestralis Jordan 1925 [synonym]
†Ganolytes cameo Jordan 1919
†Ganolytes clepsydra Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Diradias Jordan 1924 [synonym]
Superor. Ostariophysi Jordan and Evermann 1896
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+
Invalid names: Atelaxia [empty], Histichthyes [empty], Taeniosomi [empty]
Fm. †Ancylostylidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Ancylostylos Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
Unr. Anotophysa Rosen and Greenwood 1970
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G. †Eucoelogaster White and Moy-Thomas 1940
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Invalid names: Coelogaster Agassiz 1835 [replaced]
G. †Gordichthys Poyato-Ariza 1994
Invalid names: Chanos forcipatus Heckel 1854 [invalid subgroup]
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Invalid names: Characodontidae [empty], Fitzroyiidae [empty], Gooeidae [empty]
Fm. †Erythrinolepidae Cockerell 1919
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G. †Erythrinolepis Cockerell 1919
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Invalid names: Apidosiidae [empty], Homalopteridae [empty], Medidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Electrophoridae [empty]
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Invalid names: Luciidae [empty]
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Invalid names: Xiphiostomidae [empty]
Or. Heterosomata Cope 1871
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Invalid names: Synapturidae [empty]
Or. Nematognathii Gill 1861
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Invalid names: Ameiuridae [empty], Argidae [empty], Bunocephalidae [empty], Hypophthalmidae [empty], Lepidoglanidae [empty], Pygidiidae [empty]
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Fm. †Chanoididae Taverne 2005
Or. Characiformes Regan 1911
Or. Cypriniformes Bleeker 1859 [carp-like fish]
Or. Siluriformes [catfish]
Invalid names: Characiphysae [empty], Characiphysi Fink and Fink 1981 [empty], Cyprinae [empty], Cypriniphysi [empty], Siluriphysi Grande and De Pinna 1998 [empty]
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Invalid names: Rogeniidae [empty], Xenesthidae [empty]
Or. Xenomi
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Invalid names: Dalliidae [empty]
Invalid names: Salmopercae [empty], Selenichthyes [empty], Siluroidea [empty], Xenarchi [empty]
Invalid names: Ostarioclupeomorpha [synonym]
Or. †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
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G. †Bavarichthys Arratia and Tischlinger 2010
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†Bavarichthys incognitus Arratia and Tischlinger 2010
Subor. †Crossognathoidei Taverne 1989
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+
G. †Apsopelix Cope 1871
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†Apsopelix miyazakii Yabumoto et al. 2012
†Apsopelix sauriformis Cope 1871
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†Crossognathus danubiensis Cavin and Grigorescu 2005
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Invalid names: Palaeaulopus germanicus Taverne and Ross 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Palaeaulopus Taverne and Ross 1973 [synonym]
G. †Luxilites
Subor. †Pachyrhizodontoidei Forey 1977
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G. †Michin Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2008
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†Michin csernai Alvarado-Ortega et al. 2008
Fm. †Notelopidae Forey 1977
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G. †Nusaviichthys Alvarado-Ortega and Alves 2022
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†Nusaviichthys nerivelai Alvarado-Ortega and Alves 2022
Fm. †Pachyrhizodontidae Cope 1872
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G. †Cavinichthys Taverne and Capasso 2019
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†Cavinichthys pachylepis Taverne and Capasso 2019
G. †Conosaurus Gibbes 1851
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†Conosaurus bowmani Gibbes 1851
Invalid names: Conosaurops Leidy 1868 [synonym]
G. †Elopopsis
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†Elopopsis crassus Dixon 1850
†Elopopsis fenxli Heckel 1856
†Elopopsis heckeli Reuss 1857
†Elopopsis ziegleri von der Marck 1868
G. †Goulmimichthys Cavin 1995
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†Goulmimichthys roberti Blanco and Cavin 2003
G. †Lebrunichthys Taverne and Capasso 2020
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†Lebrunichthys nammourensis Taverne and Capasso 2020
G. †Oricardinus Cope 1877
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†Oricardinus sheareri Cope 1872
†Oricardinus tortus Cope 1877
G. †Pachyrhizodus Agassiz 1850
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†Pachyrhizodus basalis Dixon 1850
†Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872
†Pachyrhizodus curvatus Loomis 1900
†Pachyrhizodus dibleyi Woodward 1901
†Pachyrhizodus kingi Cope 1872
†Pachyrhizodus minimus Stewart 1899
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Invalid names: Pachyrhizodus intermedius Tarverne 1987 [synonym]
†Pachyrhizodus velox Stewart 1898
Invalid names: Pachyrhizodus basalis Dixon 1850 [valid], Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus curvatus Loomis 1900 [valid], Pachyrhizodus dibleyi Woodward 1901 [valid], Pachyrhizodus kingi Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus latimentum Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus leptognathus Stewart 1898 [valid], Pachyrhizodus leptopsis Cope 1874 [valid], Pachyrhizodus minimus Stewart 1899 [valid], Pachyrhizodus subulidens Owen 1842 [valid], Pachyrhizodus velox Stewart 1898 [valid]
G. †Polcynichthys London and Shimada 2020
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†Polcynichthys lloydhilli London and Shimada 2020
G. †Raphiosaurus Owen 1842
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†Raphiosaurus lucius Dixon 1850
G. †Stanhopeichthys Taverne and Capasso 2020
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†Stanhopeichthys libanicus Taverne and Capasso 2020
Invalid names: Raphiosauridae Fowler 1911 [synonym]
G. †Pachyrhizodus Agassiz 1850
+
†Pachyrhizodus basalis Dixon 1850
†Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872
†Pachyrhizodus curvatus Loomis 1900
†Pachyrhizodus dibleyi Woodward 1901
†Pachyrhizodus kingi Cope 1872
†Pachyrhizodus minimus Stewart 1899
+
Invalid names: Pachyrhizodus intermedius Tarverne 1987 [synonym]
†Pachyrhizodus velox Stewart 1898
Invalid names: Pachyrhizodus basalis Dixon 1850 [valid], Pachyrhizodus caninus Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus curvatus Loomis 1900 [valid], Pachyrhizodus dibleyi Woodward 1901 [valid], Pachyrhizodus kingi Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus latimentum Cope 1872 [valid], Pachyrhizodus leptognathus Stewart 1898 [valid], Pachyrhizodus leptopsis Cope 1874 [valid], Pachyrhizodus minimus Stewart 1899 [valid], Pachyrhizodus subulidens Owen 1842 [valid], Pachyrhizodus velox Stewart 1898 [valid]
Fm. †Salminopsidae Gayet 1985
+
G. †Salminops Gayet 1985
+
+
†Varasichthys ariasi Arratia 1981
Or. †Dorsetichthyiformes Nelson et al. 2016
+
Fm. †Dorsetichthyidae Nelson et al. 2016
+
G. †Dorsetichthys Arratia 2013
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†Dorsetichthys bechei Agassiz 1837
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Invalid names: Elopocephala [empty]
Unr. Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
+
Or. Albuliformes Greenwood et al. 1966 [bonefish]
+
Fm. Albulidae Bleeker 1859
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G. †Albulidarum Frizzell 1965
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†Albulidarum ensis Nolf and Dockery III 1990
Subfm. Albulinae Bleeker 1859
+
G. Albula Gronow 1763
G. †Macabi L-Recinos et al. 2023
G. †Anogmius Cope 1871
+
†Anogmius contractus Cope 1871
†Anogmius intermedius Loomis 1900
†Anogmius rotundus Loomis 1900
†Anogmius zitteli Loomis 1900
Invalid names: Pseudothryptodus Loomis 1900 [synonym]
G. †Coriops Estes 1969
+
†Coriops amnicolus Estes 1969
G. †Cretalbula Nessov 1985
+
†Cretalbula hammada Nessov 1985
G. †Deltaichthys Fielitz and Bardack 1992
+
†Deltaichthys albuloides Fielitz and Bardack 1992
G. †Farinichthys Gallo and De Figueiredo 2003
+
†Farinichthys gigas Gallo and De Figueiredo 2003
G. †Greenwoodella Taverne and Ross 1973
+
†Greenwoodella tockensis Taverne and Ross 1973
G. †Italoalbula Taverne and Capasso 2018
+
†Italoalbula pietrarojae Taverne and Capasso 2018
G. †Lebonichthys Forey 1973
+
†Lebonichthys gracilis Davis 1887
†Lebonichthys lewisi Davis 1887
†Lebonichthys namourensis Forey et al. 2003
G. †Metalbula Frizzell 1965
G. †Prochanos Bassani 1879
+
†Prochanos rectifrons Bassani 1879
Subfm. Pterothrissinae Gill 1893
+
G. †Hajulia Woodward 1942
G. †Istieus Agassiz 1839
G. †Nunaneichthys Hernández-Guerrero et al. 2021
G. Pterothrissus Hilgendorf 1877
+
†Pterothrissus compactus Schwarzhans 1891
†Pterothrissus gissu Hilgendorf 1977
†Pterothrissus issus Hilgendorf 1877
†Pterothrissus pervetustus Stinton 1957
†Pterothrissus transpacificus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. †Syntegmodus Loomis 1900
+
†Syntegmodus altus Loomis 1900
Invalid names: Pterothrissidae Gill 1893 [synonym]
G. †Baugeichthys Filleul 2000
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†Baugeichthys caeruleus Filleul 2000
G. †Genartina Frizzell and Dante 1965
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†Genartina hampshirensis Schubert 1916
†Genartina hauniensis Schwarzhans 2003
†Genartina texana Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. †Marathonichthys Bartholomai 2013
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†Marathonichthys coyleorum Bartholomai 2013
Invalid names: Notacanthoidei [empty]
Or. Anguilliformes Greenwood et al. 1966 [eel]
+
G. †Abisaadia Belouze et al. 2003
+
†Abisaadia hakelensis Davis 1887
Fm. †Anguillavidae Hay 1903
+
G. †Anguillavus Hay 1903
+
†Anguillavus mazeni Belouze et al. 2003
+
Invalid names: Anguillavus bathshebae Hay 1903 [synonym]
G. †Mylomyrus Woodward 1910
+
†Mylomyrus frangens Woodward 1910
Invalid names: Encheliidae Hay 1903 [synonym], Mylomyridae Berg 1940 [synonym]
Fm. Anguillidae Rafinesque 1810
+
G. Anguilla Schrank 1798
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†Anguilla brevicula Agassiz 1839
†Anguilla latispina Agassiz 1839
†Anguilla multiradiata Agassiz 1843
†Anguilla pachyura Agassiz 1843
†Anguilla rectangularis Stinton and Nolf 1970
†Anguilla ventralis Agassiz 1839
G. †Eoanguilla Blot 1978
+
†Eoanguilla leptoptera Agassiz 1835
+
+
G. Heterenchelys Regan 1912
G. Panturichthys Pellegrin 1913
G. Pythonichthys Poey 1868
+
G. †Anguilloides Cadrobbi 1962
+
G. †Veronanguilla Blot 1978
+
†Veronanguilla ruffoi Blot 1978
G. †Bolcanguilla Blot 1981
+
G. †Brannerion Jordan 1920
G. †Casierius Estes 1969
+
Fm. †Chlopsidae
+
G. †Whitapodus Blot 1981
G. Congermuraena Kaup 1856
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†Congermuraena amoris Sulc 1932
†Congermuraena panatelli Bassoli 1906
Fm. Congridae Kaup 1856 [conger eel]
+
G. Ariosoma Swainson 1838
+
Ariosoma balearica Delaroche 1809
Ariosoma globosum Steurbaut 1984
†Ariosoma moravica Sulc 1932
+
G. †Parbatmya Frizzell and Dante 1965
G. †Astroconger Jordan and Hubbs 1925
+
†Astroconger rostratus Stinton 1957
G. Bassanago Whitley 1948
G. †Bathycongrus Ogilby 1898
+
†Bathycongrus circularis Casier 1966
†Bathycongrus mysticus Frost 1934
†Bathycongrus waihaoensis Schwarzhans 2019
+
G. †Protanago Schwarzhans et al. 2024
G. Blachea Karrer and Smith 1980
+
Blachea semeniformis Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Bolcyrus Blot 1978
+
†Bolcyrus bajai Blot 1978
†Bolcyrus formosissimus Eastman 1905
G. †Chiloconger Meyers and Wade 1941
+
†Chiloconger chilensis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
G. Conger Schaeffer 1760
+
†Conger acutus Stinton 1957
†Conger biaculeatus Lin et al. 2024
†Conger davidsmithi Schwarzhans 2019
†Conger dissimilis Frizzell and Lamber 1962
†Conger fornicatus Frizzell and Lamber 1962
†Conger glaber Brzobohaty 1967
†Conger illaesus Schwarzhans 2003
†Conger oceanicus Mitchill 1818
Conger tokoroa Schwarzhans 2019
†Conger vetustus Frizzell and Lamber 1962
G. †Congridarum Kaup 1856
+
†Congridarum brevisulcus Schwarzhans 1980
†Congridarum carinatus Frost 1934
†Congridarum grantmackiei Grenfell 1984
†Congridarum obrutus Stinton 1957
†Congridarum occidentalis Weiler 1959
†Congridarum thevenini Priem 1906
†Congridarum websteri Frost 1933
G. Gnathophis Kaup 1860
+
†Gnathophis araroa Schwarzhans 2019
†Gnathophis flemingi Schwarzhans 1980
Gnathophis habenatus Richardson 1848
†Gnathophis incognitus Castle 1963
†Gnathophis meridies Frizzell and Lamber 1962
†Gnathophis ornatus Frost 1928
†Gnathophis quinzioi Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Gnathophis saubriguensis Steurbaut 1979
G. †Gorgasia Meek and Hildebrand 1923 [garden eel]
G. †Heteroconger Bleeker 1868 [garden eel]
+
†Heteroconger astroblematicus Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011
†Heteroconger mataura Schwarzhans et al. 2017
+
G. Taenioconger Herre 1923
G. †Maxwelliella Schwarzhans 1980
+
†Maxwelliella urbana Schwarzhans 1980
G. Mystriophis Kaup 1856
G. †Notoconger Schwarzhans 2019
+
†Notoconger devexus Schwarzhans 2019
†Notoconger hesperis Schwarzhans 2019
G. Paraconger Kanazawa 1961
+
Paraconger guianensis Kanazawa 1961
†Paraconger sauvagei Priem 1906
†Paraconger wechesensis Lin and Nolf 2022
G. †Paracongroides Blot 1978
+
G. †Promyllantor Alcock 1890
+
†Promyllantor guttulus Stinton 1975
G. Pseudophichthys Roule 1915
+
†Pseudophichthys acer Schwarzhans 1985
†Pseudophichthys texanus Lin and Nolf 2022
G. Pseudoxenomystax Breder 1927
+
G. Rhechias Jordan 1922
+
†Rhechias angulosus Schwarzhans 2003
Rhechias armiger Jordan 1922
G. Rhynchoconger Jordan and Hobbs 1925
+
†Rhynchoconger aftonensis Stinton 1975
†Rhynchoconger casieri Bauza Rullan 1955
†Rhynchoconger chiloensis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Rhynchoconger ectenurus Jordan and Richardson 1909
†Rhynchoconger ellipticus Weiler 1958
†Rhynchoconger eocenicus Shepherd 1916
Rhynchoconger flavus Goode and Bean 1896
†Rhynchoconger otaianus Schwarzhans 2019
Rhynchoconger pantanellii Bassoli and Schubert 1906
†Rhynchoconger placidus Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Rhynchoconger regularis Stinton 1957
†Rhynchoconger sanctus Frizzell and Lamber 1962
†Rhynchoconger subtilis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Rhynchoconger weileri Jonet 1973
Invalid names: Hildebrandia Jordan and Evermann 1927 [synonym]
G. Scalanago Whiteley 1935
+
†Scalanago extatus Schwarzhans 1985
G. †Tonganago Schwarzhans et al. 2017
+
†Tonganago coplandi Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Tonganago fastigatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Tonganago obliquum Stinton 1957
†Tonganago sagittisulcatus Schwarzhans 1980
†Tonganago wharenga Schwarzhans 2019
G. Uroconger Kaup 1856
+
†Uroconger eocaenicus Sulc 1932
†Uroconger rectus Frost 1928
†Uroconger validus Casier 1966
G. †Voltaconger Blot 1978
+
†Voltaconger latispinus Agassiz 1835
G. †Xenomystax Gilbert 1891
Invalid names: Congrinae [empty]
Superfm. Congroidea
+
+
G. †Serrivomer Gill and Ryder 1883
Subor. Congroidei Regan 1909
+
+
Invalid names: Colocongridae [synonym]
Fm. Nettastomatidae Jordan and Davis 1891
+
G. Nettastoma Rafinesque 1810
Fm. Ophichthidae Günther 1870
+
G. †Asanoa Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2004
G. Echelus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Goslinophis Blot 1981
G. †Ophichthus Ahl 1789
G. †Parechelus Casier 1967
Invalid names: Asanoinae Sytchevskaya and Prokofiev 2004 [invalid subgroup], Myrophinae [empty], Parechelidae Casier 1967 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cyemidae [empty], Dysommidae [empty], Neenchelyidae [empty], Nettastomidae [empty], Sauromuraenesocidae [empty], Xenocongridae [empty]
Fm. †Derrhiidae Jordan 1925
+
G. †Derrhias Jordan 1925
G. †Eomuraena Casier 1967
G. Eomyrophis Whitley 1950
G. †Gazolapodus Blot 1981
+
G. †Hayenchelys Belouze et al. 2003
+
G. Hoplunnis Kaup 1860
G. Japonoconger Asano 1958
G. Lemkea Kotthaus 1968
G. Leptocephalus Gronow 1763
+
†Leptocephalus gracilis Agassiz 1835
†Leptocephalus medius Agassiz 1835
Leptocephalus monganius Phillipps 1932
Fm. †Libanechelyidae Taverne 2004
+
G. †Libanechelys Taverne 2004
+
†Libanechelys bultyncki Taverne 2004
G. †Luenchelys Belouze et al. 2003
+
†Luenchelys minimus Belouze et al. 2003
G. †Micromyrus Casier 1967
+
G. †Milananguilla Blot 1978
+
†Milananguilla lehmani Blot 1978
+
+
G. †Deutschenchelys Prokofiev 2012
G. Moringua Gray 1831
G. †Muraenanguilla Schwarzhans 2019
+
†Muraenanguilla balegemensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Muraenanguilla lacinata Schwarzhans 2019
+
G. Muraenesox Mclelland 1843
+
†Muraenesox barrytownensis Lin and Nolf 2022
†Muraenesox cybium Casier 1966
†Muraenesox furcatus Schwarzhans 2007
+
G. Anarchias Bloch 1795
G. †Congeris
+
†Congeris brevior Koken 1888
G. Echidna Forster 1788
+
G. †Eomyrus Eastman 1905
+
†Eomyrus ventralis Agassiz 1844
G. Gymnothorax Bloch 1795
+
†Gymnothorax diagonalis Stinton and Nolf 1970
†Gymnothorax mordax Ayres 1859
Gymnothorax octavianus Myers and Wade 1941
G. Muraena Linnaeus 1758
+
Muraena conger Linnaeus 1758 [European conger]
†Muraena saheliensis Arambourg 1927
G. †Otolithus Koken 1884
+
Subg. Otolithus (Labrax) Pallas 1810
Subg. †Otolithus (Platessa) Bassoli 1906
Subg. †Otolithus (Platessae) Koken 1888
Invalid names: Heteromyridae [synonym], Muraeninae [empty], Uropterygiinae [empty]
Subor. †Muraenoidei
+
Fm. †Deprandidae Jordan 1924
+
G. †Deprandus Gilbert 1921
Fm. Myrocongridae Gill 1890
+
G. Myroconger Guenther 1879
+
G. †Oligonemichthys Ciobanu 1977
+
G. †Palaeomyrus Casier 1967
+
G. †Dalpiazella Cadrobbi 1962
+
†Dalpiazella brevicauda Cadrobbi 1962
G. †Paranguilla Bleeker 1864
+
†Paranguilla tigrina Agassiz 1839
+
G. †Patavichthys Blot 1981
+
G. †Proserrivomer Arambourg 1967
+
Invalid names: Protanguillidae [empty]
+
G. †Proteomyrus Cadrobbi 1962
+
†Proteomyrus ventralis Agassiz 1839
G. †Rhynchocymba Jordan and Hubbs
Subor. Saccopharyngoidei Nelson et al. 2016
+
Invalid names: Cyematidae [empty], Monognathidae [empty]
+
Subfm. Ilyophinae
+
Invalid names: Dysommatinae [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Simenchelyinae [empty], Synaphobranchinae [empty]
Fm. †Urenchelyidae Hay 1903
+
G. †Urenchelys Woodward 1900
+
†Urenchelys abditus Wiley and Stewart 1981
†Urenchelys anglicus Woodward 1900
†Urenchelys avus Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Apodes Latreille 1804 [synonym], Eurypharyngidae [empty], Saccopharyngidae [empty]
Or. Elopiformes Sauvage 1875
+
Subor. Albuloidei
+
Fm. †Eurokidae Bartholomai 2010
+
G. †Euroka Bartholomai 2010
Fm. †Osmeroididae Forey 1973
+
G. †Dinelops Woodward 1907
G. †Osmeroides Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Dermatoptychus von der Marck 1868 [synonym], Holcolepis von der Marck 1868 [synonym]
Invalid names: Albuloidea Hay [empty]
G. †Antofagastaichthys Arratia 1986
G. †Carsothrissops D'Erasmo 1946
G. †Coryphaenopsis Fric and Bayer 1902
G. †Dactylopogon von der Marck 1868
+
†Dactylopogon grandis von der Marck 1868
†Dactylopogon parvulus Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
G. †Davichthys Forey 1973
+
†Davichthys dubius Davis 1887
†Davichthys gardneri Forey 1973
†Davichthys lacostei Arambourg 1954
G. †Echinelops Murray and Hoşgör 2012
+
†Echinelops ozcani Murray and Hoşgör 2012
G. †Eichstaettia Arratia 1987
Fm. Elopidae Bonaparte 1846
+
G. †Anaethalion White 1938
+
†Anaethalion knorri de Blainville 1818
†Anaethalion valdensis Woodward 1907
†Anaethalion zapporum Arratia 2000
Invalid names: Aethalion Munster 1842 [replaced]
G. †Ctenodentelops Forey et al. 2003
+
†Ctenodentelops striatus Forey et al. 2003
G. †Ectasis Jordan and Gilbert 1919
+
†Ectasis proriger Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Elops Linnaeus 1766
+
Elops hawaiensis Regan 1909
†Elops miiformis Lin et al. 2017
Elops undulatus Casier 1966
G. †Elopsomolos Arratia 2000
+
†Elopsomolos frickhingeri Arratia 2000
G. †Esocelops Woodward 1901
+
†Esocelops cavifrons Woodward 1901
G. †Hemielopopsis Bassani 1879
+
†Hemielopopsis gracilis Bassani 1879
†Hemielopopsis suessi Bassani 1879
G. †Hypsodon Agassiz 1837
+
†Hypsodon lewesiensis Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Thrissopater Gunther 1872 [synonym]
G. †Ichthyemidion Poyato-Ariza 1995
+
†Ichthyemidion vivaldi Poyato-Ariza 1995
G. †Lastroichthys Schaeffer 1947
+
G. †Notelops Woodward 1901
G. †Palelops Applegate 1970
+
†Palelops eutawensis Applegate 1970
G. †Paraelops Silva Santos 1971
+
†Paraelops cearensis Silva Santos 1971
G. †Paratarpon Bardack 1970
+
†Paratarpon apogerontus Bardack 1970
G. †Parelops Bayer 1905
+
†Parelops prazakii Bayer 1905
G. †Protelops Laube 1885
+
†Protelops anglicus Woodward 1888
†Protelops geinitzii Laube 1895
G. †Rhacolepis Agassiz 1843
+
†Rhacolepis buccalis Agassiz 1841
†Rhacolepis latus Agassiz 1841
†Rhacolepis olfersii Agassiz 1833
G. †Thrissopteroides von der Marck 1873
+
†Thrissopteroides elongatus von der Marck 1873
†Thrissopteroides intermedius von der Marck 1885
†Thrissopteroides latus von der Marck 1873
†Thrissopteroides tenuiceps Woodward 1896
Subor. Elopoidei
+
Invalid names: Elopoidea [empty], Pachyrhizodontoidea Applegate 1970 [empty], Plethodoidea Applegate 1970 [empty]
G. †Epaelops Alves et al. 2019
+
†Epaelops martinezi Alves et al. 2019
G. †Flindersichthys Longman 1932
+
†Flindersichthys denmeadi Longman 1932
G. †Lyrolepis Romanowski 1886
Fm. Megalopidae Jordan 1923
+
G. †Elopoides Wenz 1965
+
†Elopoides tomassoni Wenz 1965
G. Megalops Lacépède 1803
+
†Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes 1847
†Megalops lissa Stinton 1957
†Megalops oblongus Woodward 1901
G. †Promegalops Casier 1966
+
†Promegalops sheppeyensis Casier 1966
†Promegalops signeuxae Casier 1966
G. †Protarpon Forey 1973
+
†Protarpon boualii Khalloufi et al. 2019
†Protarpon oblongus Woodward 1901
†Protarpon priscus Woodward 1901
+
†Sedenhorstia dayi Hay 1903
†Sedenhorstia granulata von der Marck 1863
†Sedenhorstia libanica Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Microcoelia von der Marck 1863 [replaced]
Invalid names: Sedenhorstiidae Goody 1969 [synonym]
G. †Ostariostoma Schaeffer 1949
Fm. †Phyllodontidae Sauvage 1875
+
G. †Egertonia Cocchi 1866
+
†Egertonia isodonta Cocchi 1866
G. †Paralbula Blake 1940
+
†Paralbula casei Estes 1969
†Paralbula marylandica Blake 1940
†Paralbula salvania Arambourg 1952
†Paralbula stromeri Weiler 1929
Subfm. †Paralbulinae Estes 1969
+
G. †Pseudoegertonia Dartevelle and Casier 1949
G. †Phyllodus Agassiz 1839
+
†Phyllodus bucklandi Agassiz 1843
†Phyllodus curvidens Marsh 1869
†Phyllodus elegans Marsh 1869
†Phyllodus hipparionyx Eastman 1900
†Phyllodus marginalis Agassiz 1839
†Phyllodus paulkatoi Estes and Hiatt 1978
†Phyllodus planus Agassiz 1839
†Phyllodus polyodus Agassiz 1839
†Phyllodus toliapicus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Phyllodontinae Darteville and Casier 1949 [empty]
Or. Megalopiformes [tarpon]
+
G. †Broweria de Beaufort 1926
+
†Brouweria robusta de Beaufort 1926
†Brouweria striata de Beaufort 1926
G. †Naiathaelon Poyato-Ariza and Wenz 1993
+
†Naiathaelon okkidion Poyato-Ariza and Wenz 1993
+
+
G. Aldrovandia Goode and Bean 1896
G. †Enchelurus von der Marck 1863
+
†Enchelurus anglicus Woodward 1901
†Enchelurus syriacus Woodward 1901
†Enchelurus villosus von der Marck 1863
Subfm. †Halosaurinae
+
G. Halosaurus Johnson 1864
G. †Laytonia David 1943
+
†Laytonia californica David 1943
†Laytonia zemorrensis David 1948
Invalid names: Laytoniinae David 1943 [empty]
+
G. Notacanthus Bloch 1788
+
†Notacanthus circulus Ohe and Araki 1973
†Notacanthus nolfi Schwarzhans 2007
Invalid names: Saccopharygiformes [empty], Saccopharyngiformes [empty]
Unr. Euteleosteii Greenwood et al. 1967
+
G. †Gaudryella Patterson 1970
+
†Gaudryella gaudryi Pictet and Humbert 1866
Invalid names: Ateleopodomorpha [empty], Cyclosqamata [empty], Lampriomorpha [empty], Stenopterygii [empty]
+
G. †Gasterorhamphosus Sorbini 1981
+
Invalid names: Aulorhynchoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty], Gasterosteoidea Pietsch 1978 [empty]
G. Nerophis Rafinesque 1810
G. †Protorhamphosus Daniltshenko 1968
G. †Urosphenopsis Daniltshenko 1968
+
Invalid names: Gobioididae [empty], Periophthalmidae [empty], Psammichthyidae [empty], Trypauchenidae [empty]
Or. †Ichthyodectiformes Bardack and Sprinkle 1969
+
G. †Aidachar Nessov 1981
+
†Aidachar paludalis Nessov 1981
Fm. †Allothrissopidae Patterson and Rosen 1977
+
G. †Allothrissops Nybelin 1964
+
†Allothrissops mesogaster Agassiz 1834
†Allothrissops salmoneus de Blainville 1818
G. †Occithrissops Schaeffer and Patterson 1984
+
†Occithrissops willsoni Schaeffer and Patterson 1984
G. †Thrissops Agassiz 1833
+
†Thrissops cephalus Agassiz 1834
†Thrissops curtus Woodward 1919
†Thrissops exiguus Bassani 1879
†Thrissops formosus Agassiz 1833
†Thrissops molossus Woodward 1919
†Thrissops portlandicus Woodward 1895
†Thrissops subovatus Agassiz 1843
G. †Unamichthys Alvarado-Ortega 2004
+
†Unamichthys espinosai Alvarado-Ortega 2004
Invalid names: Unamichthyidae Alvarado-Ortega 2004 [synonym]
G. †Antarctithrissops Arratia et al. 2004
+
†Antarctithrissops australis Arratia et al. 2004
G. †Ascalabothrissops Arratia 2000
+
†Ascalabothrissops voelkli Arratia 2000
G. †Cavenderichthys Bean 2006
G. †Chuhsiungichthys Yabumoto 1994
+
†Chuhsiungichthys japonicus Yabumoto 1994
†Chuhsiungichthys yanagidai Yabumoto 1994
Fm. †Cladocyclidae Maisey 1991
+
G. †Chiromystus Cope 1885
+
†Chiromystus alagoensis Jordan 1910
†Chiromystus mawsoni Cope 1885
†Chiromystus woodwardi Silva Santos 1949
G. †Cladocyclus Agassiz 1843
+
†Cladocyclus gardneri Agassiz 1841
†Cladocyclus lewesiensis Agassiz 1887
G. †Eubiodectes Hay 1903
+
†Eubiodectes libanicus Pictet and Humbert 1866
G. †Cooyoo Lees and Bartholomai 1987
+
†Cooyoo australis Woodward 1894
G. †Garganoichthys Taverne 2009
+
†Garganoichthys decosmoi Taverne 2009
Subor. †Ichthyodectoidei Romer 1966
+
Fm. †Bardackichthyidae Hacker and Shimada 2021
+
G. †Amakusaichthys Yabumoto et al. 2018
G. †Bardackichthys Hacker and Shimada 2021
+
†Bardackichthys carteri Hacker and Shimada 2021
G. †Heckelichthys Taverne 2008
+
†Heckelichthys microdon Heckel 1849
†Heckelichthys preopercularis Banos-Rodriguez et al. 2020
†Heckelichthys vexillifer Heckel 1856
Fm. †Ichthyodectidae Crook 1892
+
G. †Faugichthys Taverne and Chanet 2000
+
†Faugichthys loryi Taverne and Chanet 2000
G. †Furloichthys Taverne and Capasso 2018
+
†Furloichthys bonarellii Taverne and Capasso 2018
G. †Ghrisichthys Cavin et al. 2013
+
†Ghrisichthys bardacki Cavin 1997
G. †Ichthyodectes Cope 1870
+
†Ichthyodectes anaides Cope 1872
†Ichthyodectes hamatus Cope 1872
†Ichthyodectes libanicus Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Ichthyodectes parvus Stewart 1900
†Ichthyodectes tenuidens Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Ichthyodectes minor Egerton 1850 [nomen dubium]
G. †Portheus Cope 1871
+
†Portheus daviesi Newton 1877
†Portheus gaultinus Newton 1877
†Portheus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938
†Portheus mantelli Newton 1877
G. †Xiphactinus Leidy 1870
+
†Xiphactinus audax Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Portheus lestrio Cope 1873 [synonym], Portheus lowii Stewart 1898 [synonym], Portheus molossus Cope 1871 [synonym], Portheus mudgei Cope 1874 [synonym], Saurocephalus thaumas Cope 1870 [synonym], Xiphactinus brachygnathus Stewart 1898 [synonym]
†Xiphactinus vetus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Polygonodon rectus Leidy 1858 [synonym], Portheus angulatus Cope 1872 [synonym]
Fm. †Saurodontidae Stewart
+
G. †Gillicus Hay 1898
+
†Gillicus arcuatus Cope 1875
†Gillicus serridens Woodward 1901
G. †Prosaurodon Stewart 1999
+
†Prosaurodon pygmaeus Stewart 1999
Invalid names: Ichthyodectes elegans Newton 1877 [nomen dubium]
G. †Saurocephalus Harlan 1824
+
†Saurocephalus broadheadi Stewart 1898
†Saurocephalus dentatus Stewart 1898
†Saurocephalus ferox Stewart 1898
†Saurocephalus pygmaeus Loomis 1900
†Saurocephalus striatus Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Daptinus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Saurodon Hays 1829
+
†Saurodon elongatus Taverne and Bronzi 1999
†Saurodon intermedius Newton 1878
†Saurodon leanus Hays 1830
†Saurodon phlebotomus Cope 1871
G. †Verraesichthys Taverne 2010
+
†Verraesichthys bloti Taverne 2010
Invalid names: Gwawinapterus Arbour and Currie 2011 [nomen dubium], Gwawinapterus beardi Arbour and Currie 2011 [nomen dubium]
G. †Mesoclupea Ping and Yen 1933
+
†Mesoclupea globicephala Ping and Yen 1933
†Mesoclupea showchangensis Ping and Yen 1933
G. †Ogunichthys Alvarado-Ortega and Brito 2009
+
†Ogunichthys triangularis Alvarado-Ortega and Brito 2010
G. †Pachythrissops Woodward 1919
+
†Pachythrissops furcatus Eastman 1914
†Pachythrissops laevis Woodward 1919
†Pachythrissops propterus Wagner 1863
†Pachythrissops vectensis Woodward 1890
Invalid names: Parathrissops Eastman 1914 [replaced]
G. †Proportheus Jaekel 1909
+
†Proportheus kameruni Jaekel 1909
+
Invalid names: Chirocentrites guinensis Weiler 1922 [synonym]
G. †Sultanuvaisia Nessov 1981
+
†Sultanuvaisia antiqua Nessov 1981
G. †Vallecillichthys Blanco and Cavin 2003
+
†Vallecillichthys multivertebratum Blanco and Cavin 2003
Invalid names: Chuhsiungichthiidae Yabumoto 1994 [empty]
G. †Jinanichthys Ma and Sun 1988
+
†Jinanichthys longicephalus Ma and Sun 1988
+
+
Invalid names: Bleekeriidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Bovictidae [empty]
+
+
G. Hemerocoetes Cuvier and Valenciennes 1837
+
†Hemerocoetes minutus Schwarzhans 1980
†Hemerocoetes pukunati Schwarzhans 2019
†Hemerocoetes whiroki Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Krebsiella Schwarzhans 1980
+
†Krebsiella aperta Schwarzhans 1980
†Krebsiella chattonensis Schwarzhans et al. 2017
†Krebsiella diversa Schwarzhans 1980
G. †Waitakia Schwarzhans 1980
+
†Waitakia aho Schwarzhans 2019
†Waitakia beelzebub Lin and Nolf 2022
†Waitakia dorsogibbosa Lin et al. 2024
†Waitakia proclinens Schwarzhans 2019
†Waitakia profunda Schwarzhans 2019
†Waitakia robusta Schwarzhans 1980
Invalid names: Limnichthyidae [empty], Muglioididae [empty], Parapercidae [empty], Percophididae [empty], Pteropsaridae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Cerdalidae [empty], Derepodichthyidae [empty], Lycodapodidae [empty]
Invalid names: Bathymasteriformes [empty], Brotuliformes [empty], Carapiformes [empty], Haplodoci [empty]
+
Fm. †Ascalaboidae Arratia 2016
+
G. †Ascalobos Muenster 1839
Fm. †Leptolepididae Owen 1859
+
G. †Leptolepis Agassiz 1832
+
†Leptolepis africana Gardiner 1960
†Leptolepis bahiaensis Schaeffer 1947
†Leptolepis brodiei Agassiz 1845
+
Invalid names: Leptolepis nanus Egerton 1845 [synonym], Megastoma apenninum Costa 1850 [synonym], Oxygonius tenuis Agassiz 1845 [synonym], Sarginites pygmaeus Costa 1850 [synonym]
†Leptolepis caudalis Agassiz 1843
†Leptolepis concentricus Egerton 1849
†Leptolepis contractus Agassiz 1834
+
Invalid names: Leptolepis affinis Sauvage 1874 [synonym], Leptolepis bronni Agassiz 1832 [objective synonym], Leptolepis constrictus Egerton 1852 [synonym], Leptolepis pachystelus Sauvage 1874 [synonym], Leptolepis pronus Sauvage 1874 [synonym]
†Leptolepis crassus Agassiz 1839
†Leptolepis disjectus Woodward 1890
†Leptolepis dubius Blainville 1818
†Leptolepis gregarius Woodward 1895
†Leptolepis jaegeri Agassiz 1832
†Leptolepis koonwarri Waldman 1971
†Leptolepis longus Agassiz 1832
†Leptolepis lowei Woodward 1895
†Leptolepis macrolepidotus Agassiz 1834
†Leptolepis macrophthalmus Egerton 1853
†Leptolepis neocomiensis Bassani 1879
†Leptolepis neumayri Bassani 1879
†Leptolepis nevadensis David 1941
†Leptolepis normandica Nybelin 1962
†Leptolepis polyspondylus Agassiz 1834
†Leptolepis saltviciensis Simpson 1884
†Leptolepis sprattiformis Blainville 1818
†Leptolepis talbragarensis Woodward 1895
†Leptolepis tenellus Agassiz 1833
†Leptolepis voithii Agassiz 1834
Invalid names: Ascalabos Münster 1839 [synonym], Megastoma Costa 1850 [synonym], Oxygonius Agassiz 1845 [synonym], Sarginites Costa 1850 [synonym], Tharsis Giebel 1848 [synonym]
G. †Longileptolepis Arratia 2003
+
†Longileptolepis wiedenrothi Arratia and Thies 2001
Invalid names: Paraleptolepis Yabumoto 1994 [replaced]
G. †Lycoptera Müller 1847
+
†Lycoptera davidi Sauvage 1880
†Lycoptera fuxinensis Zhang 2002
†Lycoptera middendorffi Muller 1848
†Lycoptera muroii Takai 1943
†Lycoptera sankeyushuensis Ma and Sun 1988
†Lycoptera sinensis Woodward 1901
†Lycoptera tokunagai Saito 1936
G. †Nephrotus Meyer 1928
G. †Leucichthyops Cockerell 1919
G. †Longdeichthys Liu 1982
+
G. †Luisiella
+
Invalid names: Lipogenyidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Osteoglossocephala [empty]
Unr. Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966
+
G. †Chandlerichthys Grande 1986
+
+
Fm. Hiodontidae Cuvier and Valenciennes 1846
+
G. †Eohiodon Cavender 1966
+
†Eohiodon rosei Hussakof 1916
†Eohiodon woodruffi Wilson 1978
G. Hiodon Guo-Qing and Wilson 1994
+
Hiodon alosoides Rafinesque 1819
†Hiodon consteniorum Guo-Qing and Wilson 1994
G. †Tanichthys Jin 1991
+
Fm. †Jiuquanichthyidae Ma 1993
+
G. †Jiuquanichthys Ma 1993
G. †Joffrichthys Li and Wilson 1996
+
†Joffrichthys symmetropterus Li and Wilson 1996
†Joffrichthys tanyourus Murray et al. 2018
†Joffrichthys triangulpterus Newbrey and Bozek 2000
Fm. †Kipalaichthyidae Taverne 1976
+
G. †Kipalaichthys Casier 1965
+
†Kipalaichthys sekirskyi Casier 1965
Fm. †Kuyangichthyidae Liu et al. 1982
+
G. †Kuyangichthys Liu and Wang 1986
+
†Kuyangichthys microdus Liu and Wang 1986
Or. Osteoglossiformes Berg 1940
+
+
G. Arapaima Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
+
Arapaima gigas Lundberg and Chernoff 1992
G. †Thrissopterus Heckel 1856
+
†Thrissopterus catullii Heckel 1856
+
G. †Foreyichthys Taverne 1979
+
†Foreyichthys bolcensis Taverne 1979
+
G. Gymnarchus Cuvier 1829 [aba knifefish]
G. †Heterosteoglossum Bonde 2008
+
G. †Lopadichthys Murray et al. 2018
+
†Lopadichthys colwellae Murray et al. 2018
+
G. †Aokiichthys Yabumoto 1994
+
†Aokiichthys changae Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys otai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys praedorsalis Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys toriyamai Yabumoto 1994
†Aokiichthys uyenoi Yabumoto 1994
G. †Changichthys Su 1991
+
G. †Yungkangichthys Chang and Chou 1974
+
†Yungkangichthys hsitanensis Chang and Chou 1974
†Yungkangichthys macrodon Yabumoto 1994
G. †Monopteros Volta 1796
+
†Monopteros gigas Volta 1796
Fm. Notopteridae [knifefish]
+
G. †Notopterus Lacepede 1800
+
†Notopterus primaevus Gunther 1876
Invalid names: Notopterinae [empty], Xenomystinae [empty]
G. †Opsithrissops Daniltshenko 1968
Fm. Osteoglossidae Bonaparte 1832 [arowana]
+
G. †Dapedoglossus Cope 1877
+
†Dapedoglossus testis Cope 1877
G. Heterotis Rüppell 1828 [African arowana]
Subfm. Osteoglossinae Nelson 1968
+
G. †Brychaetus Agassiz 1845
G. †Cretophareodus Lim 1996
G. †Phareodus Leidy 1873
G. †Singida Greenwood and Patterson 1967
G. †Taverneichthys Kumar et al. 2005
G. †Scleropages Gunther 1864
Invalid names: Heterodontinae [empty], Heterotidinae Nelson 1968 [empty]
+
Fm. Pantodontidae Peters 1876
+
G. †Capassopiscis Taverne 2022
G. †Palaeopantodon Taverne 2021
G. †Pankowskipiscis Taverne 2021
G. †Petersichthys Taverne 2021
G. †Prognathoglossum Taverne and Capasso 2012
Invalid names: Clupisudidae [empty]
G. †Tongxinichthys Ma 1980
+
Fm. †Wakinoichthiidae Yabumoto 1994
+
G. †Wakinoichthys Yabumoto 1994
+
†Wakinoichthys aokii Yabumoto 1994
†Wakinoichthys robustus Yabumoto 1994
G. Wilsonichthys Murray et al. 2016
+
Wilsonichthys aridinsulensis Murray et al. 2016
G. †Xixiaichthys Zhang 2004
+
Invalid names: Mormyridae [empty], Saurocephalidae [empty]
G. †Shuleichthys Murray et al. 2010
+
†Shuleichthys brachypteryx Murray et al. 2010
Invalid names: Lycopteriformes [empty]
G. †Paralycoptera Chang and Chou 1977
+
†Paralycoptera changi Ma and Sun 1988
Or. †Pediculati
+
Invalid names: Aceratiidae [empty], Gigactinidae [empty]
Unr. †Percomorphacea Wiley and Johnson 2010
+
G. †Acronuroides Bannikov et al. 2019
+
†Acronuroides eocaenicus Bannikov et al. 2019
+
Invalid names: Coridae [empty], Neolabridae [empty], Sciaenoidea Gill 1872 [empty], Siphonognathidae [empty], Sparisomidae [empty]
+
Fm. †Ankylophoridae Gaudant 1978
+
G. †Ankylophorus Gaudant 1978
G. †Pholidorhynchodon Zambelli 1980
+
†Pholidorhynchodon malzannii Zambelli 1980
Fm. †Archaeomaenidae Wade 1941
+
G. †Gurvanichthys Jakovlev 1986
+
†Gurvanichthys mongoliensis Jakovlev 1986
G. †Madariscus Wade 1941
Fm. †Eurycormidae Arratia 2017
+
+
†Eurycormus grandis Woodward 1889
†Eurycormus speciosus Wagner 1863
G. †Grimmenichthys Konwert and Hörnig 2018
+
†Grimmenichthys ansorgei Konwert and Hörnig 2018
Fm. †Ichthyokentemidae Griffith and Patterson 1963
+
G. †Elpistoichthys Griffith 1977
+
†Elpistoichthys pectinatus Griffith 1977
†Elpistoichthys striolatus Griffith 1977
G. †Luxembourgichthys Taverne and Steurbaut 2017
+
Fm. †Oligopleuridae Woodward 1895
+
G. †Oeonoscopus Costa 1864
+
†Oeonoscopus elongatus Eastman 1911
†Oeonoscopus petraroiae Costa 1864
G. †Oligopleura Thiolliere 1850
G. †Oligopleurus Thiollière 1850
Fm. †Pholidophoridae Woodward 1890
+
G. †Annaichthys Arratia 2013
+
G. †Archaeomaene Woodward 1895
+
†Archaeomaene robustus Woodward 1895
†Archaeomaene tenuis Woodward 1895
G. †Ceneichthys Taverne and Capasso 2015
+
†Ceneichthys zambellii Taverne and Capasso 2015
G. †Ceramurus Egerton 1845
+
†Ceramurus macrocephalus Egerton 1845
G. †Eopholidophorus Zambelli 1989
G. †Knerichthys Arratia 2013
+
†Knerichthys bronni Kner 1866
G. †Lombardichthys Arratia 2017
+
†Lombardichthys gervasuttii Zambelli 1980
G. †Malingichthys Tintori et al. 2015
+
†Malingichthys nimaiguensis Tintori et al. 2015
†Malingichthys wanfenglinensis Tintori et al. 2015
G. †Neopholidophoropsis Taverne 1981
+
+
†Parapholidophorus caffii Airaghi 1908
†Parapholidophorus nybelini Zambelli 1975
G. †Pholidoctenus Zambelli 1978
+
†Pholidoctenus serianus Zambelli 1978
G. †Pholidolepis Nybelin 1966
+
†Pholidolepis dorsetensis Nybelin 1966
G. †Pholidophoretes Griffith 1977
+
†Pholidophoretes salvus Griffith 1977
G. †Pholidophoroides Woodward 1941
+
†Pholidophoroides limbata Agassiz 1833
G. †Pholidophoropsis Nybelin 1966
+
†Pholidophoropsis caudalis Woodward 1895
†Pholidophoropsis maculata Nybelin 1966
G. †Pholidophorus Agassiz 1832
+
†Pholidophorus angustus Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus australis Woodward 1908
†Pholidophorus barazzettii Bassani 1886
†Pholidophorus brevis Davies 1887
†Pholidophorus browni Broom 1913
†Pholidophorus dubius Woodward 1890
†Pholidophorus furcatus Agassiz 1833
†Pholidophorus gaudryi Sauvage 1892
†Pholidophorus germanicus Quenstedt 1858
†Pholidophorus gracilis Agassiz 1838
†Pholidophorus granulatus Egerton 1854
†Pholidophorus gregarius Woodward 1890
†Pholidophorus hartmanni Egerton 1843
†Pholidophorus higginsi Egerton 1854
†Pholidophorus intermedius Agassiz 1838
†Pholidophorus latimanus Agassiz 1834
†Pholidophorus latiusculus Agassiz 1832
+
Invalid names: Pholidophorus deeckei de Zigno 1891 [synonym], Pholidophorus fusiformis Agassiz 1844 [synonym], Pholidophorus latiusculus pusillus Zambelli 1986 [objective synonym], Pholidophorus taramelli de Zigno 1891 [synonym]
†Pholidophorus latus Agassiz 1834
†Pholidophorus maximus Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus micronyx Agassiz 1834
†Pholidophorus microps Agassiz 1833
†Pholidophorus minor Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus nitidus Egerton 1854
†Pholidophorus onychius Agassiz 1837
†Pholidophorus ornatus Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus pachysomus Egerton 1852
†Pholidophorus pusillus Agassiz 1833
+
Invalid names: Pholidophorus knerii de Zigno 1891 [synonym]
†Pholidophorus radians Agassiz 1834
†Pholidophorus spaethi Taverne 1981
†Pholidophorus stricklandi Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus striolaris Agassiz 1843
†Pholidophorus taxis Agassiz 1834
†Pholidophorus uraeoides Agassiz 1834
Invalid names: Microps Agassiz 1833 [synonym], Pholidophorus Zigno 1856 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudopholidoctenus Arratia and Schultze 2024
+
†Pseudopholidoctenus germanicus Arratia and Schultze 2024
G. †Zambellichthys Arratia 2013
+
Invalid names: Pholidophorinae Zambelli 1986 [empty]
+
G. †Gondwanapleuropholis Brito and Gallo 2002
G. †Pleuropholis Egerton 1858
+
†Pleuropholis attenuata Morris 1854
†Pleuropholis attenuatus Egerton 1858
†Pleuropholis cinerosorum Alvarado-Ortega and Brito 2016
†Pleuropholis crassicauda Egerton 1858
†Pleuropholis danielae Brito and Vullo 2023
†Pleuropholis formosa Woodward 1919
†Pleuropholis longicaudus Egerton 1858
†Pleuropholis serrata Egerton 1858
Invalid names: Catervariolidae [empty]
+
G. †Ctenopomichthys Whitley 1940
G. Eutrigla Fraser-Brunner 1938
+
G. Hoplichthys Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829
+
†Hoplichthys gobiomorphus Schwarzhans 1985
†Hoplichthys multistriatus Grenfell 1984
G. †Praehoplichthys Schwarzhans 1980
+
†Praehoplichthys pulcher Schwarzhans 1980
G. Neoplatycephalus Castelnau 1872
G. Notesthes Ogilby 1904
G. Ophiodon Girard 1854
+
†Ophiodon ozymandias Jordan 1921
+
G. Plectrogenium Gilbert 1905
G. Podothecus Gill 1861
Fm. Triglidae [sea robin]
+
G. †Acanthatrigla Gaemers 1984
+
†Acanthatrigla biangulata Gaemers 1984
G. †Aspitrigla Fowler 1925
+
†Aspitrigla cuculus Linnaeus 1758
G. Chelidonichthys Kaup 1873
+
G. Lepidotrigla Guenther 1860
+
†Lepidotrigla cadenati Steurbaut 1984
†Lepidotrigla postdorsalis Steurbaut 1979
†Lepidotrigla selsiensis Stinton 1978
G. Peristedion Lacépède 1802
+
†Peristedion jeanbegui Nolf and Brzobohaty 2002
Peristedion malarmat Lacépède 1801
G. Prionotus Lacépède 1802
+
Prionotus carolinus Linnaeus 1771
†Prionotus evolans Linnaeus 1766
Prionotus gibbosus Casier 1966
G. Pterygotrigla Waite 1899
+
†Pterygotrigla stewarti Schwarzhans 2019
G. Trigla Linnaeus 1758
+
†Trigla licatae Sauvage 1870
†Trigla miocenicus Strashimirov 1981
†Trigla rhombica Heinrich 1969
G. †Triglidarum Risso 1826
+
†Triglidarum parvulus Steurbaut 1979
†Triglidarum praeiatus Schwarzhans 2007
G. †Trigloides Van Beneden 1871
+
†Trigloides dejardini Van Beneden 1871
G. Zaniolepis Girard 1857
Invalid names: Anoplopomatoidei [empty], Aploactinidae [empty], Bathylutichthyidae [empty], Bembridae [empty], Caracanthidae [empty], Eschmeyeridae [empty], Gnathanacanthidae [empty], Hexagrammoidei [empty], Pataecidae [empty], Peristediidae [empty], Platycephaloidei [empty]
Fm. †Sorbinicharacidae Taverne 2003
+
G. †Sorbinicharax Taverne 2003
+
+
Invalid names: Alabidae [empty]
Subor. Holostomi
+
Invalid names: Amphipnoidae [empty]
+
Invalid names: Flutidae [empty]
G. †Teleosteorum Unknown
+
†Teleosteorum pujoli Steurbaut 1984
G. †Todiltia Schaeffer and Patterson 1984
+
†Todiltia schoewei Dunkle 1942
G. †Tonghuaichthys Ma and Sun 1988
+
†Tonghuaichthys sanyuanpuensis Ma and Sun 1988
Or. †Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994
+
G. †Eoplethodus Taverne 2000
+
†Eoplethodus chaneti Taverne 2000
Fm. †Plethodidae Loomis 1900
+
G. †Bananogmius Whitley 1940
+
†Bananogmius aratus Cope 1877
†Bananogmius ellisensis Fielitz and Shimada 1999
†Bananogmius ornatus Woodward 1923
†Bananogmius zitteli Loomis 1900
Invalid names: Ananogmius White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [objective synonym], Anogmius Cope 1877 [replaced]
G. †Dixonanogmius Taverne 2000
+
†Dixonanogmius birmanicus Taverne 1977
†Dixonanogmius dalmatius Bardack and Teller-Marshall 1980
G. †Niobrara
G. †Paranogmius Weiler 1935
+
†Paranogmius doederleini Weiler 1935
G. †Pentanogmius Taverne 2000
+
†Pentanogmius crieleyi Applegate 1970
†Pentanogmius evolutus Cope 1877
+
Invalid names: Anogmius polymicrodus Stewart 1898 [synonym], Beryx multidentatus Stewart 1898 [synonym], Beryx polymicrodus Stewart 1898 [synonym]
†Pentanogmius fritschi Shimada 2016
†Pentanogmius pentagon Woodward 1899
G. †Plethodus Dixon 1850
+
†Plethodus expansus Dixon 1850
†Plethodus libycus Weiler 1935
†Plethodus oblongus Dixon 1850
G. †Rhamphoichthys El Hossny et al. 2023
+
†Rhamphoichthys taxidiotis El Hossny et al. 2023
Invalid names: Protosphyraena minor Agassiz 1837 [nomen dubium], Protosphyraena stebbingi Woodward 1909 [nomen dubium]
G. †Thryptodus Loomis 1900
G. †Tselfatia
+
†Tselfatia formosa Arambourg 1943
G. †Zanclites
Invalid names: Bananogmiidae Applegate 1970 [synonym], Thryptodontidae [synonym], Tselfatiidae Arambourg 1954 [synonym]
Fm. †Protobramidae Le Danois and Le Danois 1964
+
G. †Abisaadichthys Taverne and Gayet 2004
+
†Abisaadichthys libanicus Taverne and Gayet 2004
G. †Eusebichthys Taverne and Gayet 2004
+
†Eusebichthys byblosi Taverne and Gayet 2004
G. †Protobrama Woodward 1942
+
†Protobrama avus Woodward 1942
†Protobrama woodwardi Taverne and Gayet 2004
G. †Pseudanogmius Taverne 2002
+
†Pseudanogmius maiseyi Taverne 2002
G. †Ypsiloichthys El Hossny and Cavin 2023
+
†Ypsiloichthys sibelleae El Hossny and Cavin 2023
Invalid names: Amphiuma nordica Brunner 1956 [nomen dubium], Bathyclupeiformes [empty], Catosteomi Boulenger [empty], Chromides [empty], Discocephali [empty], Malacopteri [empty], Opisthomi [empty], Osteossomorpha [empty], Polymyxiomorpha [empty], Stephanoberyciformes [empty], Teleocephala de Pinna 1996 [empty], Xenopterygii [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Spathian to the top of the Holocene or 248.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 244.24 Ma

Collections (2589 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Spathian - Bithynian248.1 - 244.24Australia (New South Wales) Pholidophorus gregarius (131926)
Pelsonian - Illyrian244.24 - 241.464Australia (New South Wales) Pholidophorus sp. (111729)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Italy Pholidophorus barazzettii (117943 149323)
Illyrian243.33 - 241.464Germany Pholidophorus sp. (139864) Pseudopholidoctenus germanicus (138117)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Spain Parapholidophorus sp. (149853) Pholidophoridae indet. (148734 148735) Pholidophorus sp., Pholidophoriformes indet. (149852)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Germany Nephrotus chorzowensis (149170)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0Italy Leptolepis sp. (153401)
Longobardian239.48 - 237.0China (Guizhou) Malingichthys wanfenglinensis, Malingichthys nimaiguensis (175087)
Julian237.0 - 233.6Austria Elpistoichthys striolatus, Elpistoichthys pectinatus, Pholidophoretes salvus (118111)
Julian237.0 - 233.6Italy Knerichthys bronni (153334 153335) Pholidophorus microlepidotus, Pholidophorus bronnii (122361)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3United Kingdom (England) Pholidophorus sp. (46889)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.4South Africa (Free State) Pholidophorus browni (220879) Pholidophorus sp. (220878)
Lacian227.3 - 215.38Indonesia (Maluku) Pholidophorus sp. (204490)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Italy Pholidophorus deeckei, Pholidophorus taramelli, Pholidophorus knerii (153107)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Italy Ceneichthys zambellii, Pholidorhynchodon malzannii (198268) Pholidophorus gervasuttii, Zambellichthys bergamensis, Annaichthys pontegiurinensis (122001) Pholidophorus latiusculus (131996) Pholidophorus latiusculus, Pholidophorus pusillus (153108)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia) Eopholidophorus forojuliensis (83370)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Italy (Lombardia) Parapholidophorus nybelini, Pholidoctenus serianus, Pholidorhynchodon malzannii (59639)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Austria (Tirol) Pholidophorus latiusculus, Pholidophorus pusillus (130601 130602)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Luxembourg (Diekirch) Teleostei indet. (56047)
Alaunian215.38 - 211.18Austria Pholidophorus latiusculus (121671 155734 207544 207545 207546 207547) Pholidophorus latiusculus, Pholidophorus sp. n. (122455)