PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Neosauropoda

Reptilia

Subtaxa

Bothriospondylus (syn. Marmarospondylus), Bothriospondylus suffossus, Diplodocoidea (syn. Rebbachisauroidea), Ischyrosaurus, Ischyrosaurus manseli, Macronaria, Oobardjidama, Titanosauroidea

Sister taxa

Diplodocoidea (syn. Rebbachisauroidea), Macronaria

Synonyms

Marmarospondylus was named by Owen (1875).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Naish and Martill (2007); it was synonymized subjectively with Bothriospondylus by McIntosh (1990) and Mannion (2010).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Owen (1875).
Bothriospondylus was named by Owen (1875). It is the type genus of Bothriospondylidae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cetiosaurus by Dollo (1889); it was synonymized subjectively with Pelorosaurus by Huene (1908), Arldt (1909) and Huene (1909); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Naish and Martill (2007) and Mannion (2010).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Owen (1875); to Megalosaurinidae by Lydekker (1888); to Sauropoda by Zittel (1890) and Winkler (1893); to Sauropoda by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1889) and Marsh (1895); to Bothriospondylidae by Lydekker (1895); to Atlantosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Cardiodontidae by Marsh (1896), Marsh (1898), Sauvage (1900) and Sauvage (1906); to Morosauridae by Dollo (1884) and von Zittel (1911); to Brachiosaurinae by Huene (1927), Huene (1927), Huene (1929), Romer (1956), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Santafé-Llopis et al. (1981), Coombs and Molnar (1981) and Santafé et al. (1982); to Cetiosauridae by Cabrera (1948), Molnar (1980) and Taquet (1984); to Brachiosauridae by Nopcsa (1928), Lapparent (1943), Tatarinov (1964), Romer (1966), Delair (1973), Carroll (1988), McIntosh (1990), Salgado and Calvo (1993) and McIntosh (1997); and to Neosauropoda by Flynn et al. (2006).
Ischyrosaurus was named by Hulke (1874).

It was synonymized subjectively with Ornithopsis by Mansel-Pleydell (1888), Lydekker (1888), Lydekker (1888), Zittel (1890), Woodward and Sherborn (1890), Sauvage (1895), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Swinton (1936) and Delair (1960); it was synonymized subjectively with Cetiosaurus by Dollo (1889); it was synonymized subjectively with Pelorosaurus by Nopcsa (1901), Huene (1909), Huene (1927), Romer (1956), Tatarinov (1964), Romer (1966) and Steel (1970); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004) and Barrett et al. (2010).

It was assigned to Morosauridae by von Zittel (1911); and to Brachiosauridae by McIntosh (1990).
Bothriospondylus suffossus was named by Owen (1875). Its type specimen is BMNH 44592-5, 44589-91, a set of vertebrae, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Swindon Brick and Tile Company brick pit, which is in a Kimmeridgian marine claystone in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Pleurocoelus suffosus by Marsh (1897); it was recombined as Astrodon suffossus by Hatcher (1903); it was considered a nomen dubium by Upchurch et al. (2004), Naish and Martill (2007) and Mannion (2010).
Ischyrosaurus manseli was named by Lydekker (1888) [Hulke MS vide this publication]. Its type specimen is BMNH 41626, a limb element (humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Clavell's Tower, Hen Cliff, Kimmeridge Bay (BMNH), which is in a Kimmeridgian/Tithonian terrestrial shale/limestone in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Ornithopsis manseli by Lydekker (1888), Lydekker (1888), Woodward and Sherborn (1890), Delair (1960) and Macfadyen (1970); it was synonymized subjectively with Ornithopsis leedsi by Zittel (1890) and Mansel-Pleydell (1902); it was recombined as Pelorosaurus manseli by Sauvage (1900) and Steel (1970); it was recombined as Ornithopsis manselli by Delair (1960); it was considered a nomen dubium by Blows (1995), Upchurch et al. (2004) and Barrett et al. (2010).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1874	Ischyrosaurus Hulke p. 16
1875	Bothriospondylus Owen
1875	Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen p. 15 figs. Pl. 3-5
1875	Marmarospondylus Owen p. 22
1876	Bothriospondylus suffossus Davies p. 197
1876	Bothriospondylus suffossus Hudleston p. 543
1876	Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen p. 5
1876	Bothriospondylus suffossus Sauvage p. 439
1878	Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen p. 209
1880	Bothriospondylus suffossus Sauvage p. 523
1882	Bothriospondylus Sauvage p. 35
1884	Bothriospondylus Dollo p. 298
1884	Bothriospondylus Marsh p. 68
1885	Bothriospondylus Marsh p. 764
1888	Ischyrosaurus manseli Hulke p. 152
1888	Ornithopsis manseli Lydekker p. 58
1888	Ischyrosaurus manseli Lydekker p. 152
1888	Ornithopsis manseli Lydekker p. 152
1888	Bothriospondylus Lydekker p. 170
1888	Bothriospondylus suffossus Lydekker pp. 170-171
1888	Ornithopsis manselii Mansel-Pleydell p. 39
1889	Bothriospondylus Lydekker p. 245
1890	Bothriospondylus suffossus Woodward and Sherborn p. 212
1890	Ornithopsis manseli Woodward and Sherborn p. 260
1890	Bothriospondylus Zittel p. 716
1893	Bothriospondylus Winkler p. 101
1895	Bothriospondylus Lydekker pp. 335-336
1895	Bothriospondylus suffossus Lydekker p. 335
1895	Bothriospondylus Marsh
1896	Bothriospondylus Marsh p. 242
1897	Pleurocoelus suffosus Marsh p. 415
1898	Bothriospondylus Marsh p. 158
1900	Bothriospondylus Sauvage p. 503
1900	Bothriospondylus suffossus Sauvage p. 504
1900	Pelorosaurus manseli Sauvage p. 504
1901	Bothriospondylus Nopcsa p. 204
1901	Bothriospondylus suffosus Nopcsa p. 204
1903	Astrodon suffossus Hatcher p. 13
1906	Bothriospondylus Sauvage p. 498
1911	Bothriospondylus von Zittel p. 287
1911	Ischyrosaurus von Zittel p. 287
1927	Bothriospondylus Huene p. 122
1927	Bothriospondylus suffossus Huene p. 446
1928	Bothriospondylus Nopcsa p. 184
1929	Bothriospondylus Huene p. 116
1943	Bothriospondylus Lapparent p. 18
1948	Bothriospondylus Cabrera p. 38
1956	Bothriospondylus Romer p. 621
1960	Ornithopsis manseli Delair p. 82
1960	Ornithopsis manselli Delair p. 84
1964	Bothriospondylus Tatarinov p. 547
1964	Bothriospondylus suffosus Tatarinov p. 547
1966	Bothriospondylus Romer p. 370
1970	Ornithopsis manseli Macfadyen p. 127
1970	Bothriospondylus Steel p. 67
1970	Bothriospondylus suffossus Steel p. 67
1970	Pelorosaurus manseli Steel p. 70
1970	Bothriospondylus Swinton p. 172
1973	Bothriospondylus Delair p. 4
1973	Bothriospondylus suffosus Delair p. 4
1980	Bothriospondylus Molnar p. 138
1981	Bothriospondylus Coombs, Jr. and Molnar p. 357
1981	Bothriospondylus Santafé-Llopis et al. p. 143
1982	Bothriospondylus Santafé et al. p. 96
1984	Bothriospondylus Taquet p. 79
1986	Neosauropoda Bonaparte p. 359
1988	Bothriospondylus Carroll
1990	Ischyrosaurus McIntosh p. 348
1990	Ischyrosaurus manseli McIntosh p. 348
1990	Bothriospondylus McIntosh p. 382
1990	Bothriospondylus suffosus McIntosh p. 382
1993	Bothriospondylus Salgado and Calvo p. 216
1994	Neosauropoda Wilson and Sereno p. 52A
1995	Neosauropoda Upchurch p. 253
1997	Bothriospondylus McIntosh p. 656
1997	Neosauropoda Salgado et al. pp. 8-9
1997	Neosauropoda Sereno p. 444
1997	Neosauropoda Upchurch p. 82A
1998	Neosauropoda Sereno p. 63
1998	Neosauropoda Wilson and Sereno p. 46
1999	Neosauropoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
1999	Neosauropoda Sereno et al. p. 1346 fig. 4
2002	Neosauropoda Wilson p. 240 fig. 13
2004	Neosauropoda Upchurch et al. p. 263
2006	Bothriospondylus Flynn et al. p. 478
2007	Neosauropoda Casal et al.
2007	Neosauropoda Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 197
2008	Neosauropoda Allain and Aquesbi p. 403
2010	Neosauropoda Suteethorn et al.
2011	Neosauropoda Taylor et al. p. 78
2012	Neosauropoda Mateus et al.
2013	Neosauropoda Otero and Pol
2015	Neosauropoda Xing et al.
2017	Neosauropoda Ibiricu et al.
2019	Neosauropoda Mannion et al.
2024	Neosauropoda Pérez-Moreno et al. p. 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Sauropoda	()
—	Gravisauria
—	Eusauropoda
—	Neosauropoda
—	Neosauropoda

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Neosauropoda Bonaparte 1986

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Unr. †Diplodocoidea Upchurch 1995

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G. †Amphicoelias Cope 1877

†Amphicoelias altus Cope 1877

†Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus Galiano and Albersdörfer 2010

Unr. †Diplodocimorpha Calvo and Salgado 1995

Unr. †Flagellicaudata Harris and Dodson 2004

Unr. †Dicraeosauridae Huene 1927 [dicraeosaurid]

G. †Amargasaurus Bonaparte 1984

G. †Amargatitanis Apesteguía 2007 [Amarga titan]

G. †Bajadasaurus Gallina et al. 2019

G. †Brachytrachelopan Rauhut et al. 2005

G. †Dicraeosaurus Janensch 1914

G. †Dyslocosaurus Mcintosh et al. 1992

G. †Kaatedocus Tschopp and Mateus 2013

G. †Lingwulong Xu et al. 2018

G. †Pilmatueia Coria et al. 2019

G. †Smitanosaurus Whitlock and Wilson Mantilla 2020

G. †Suuwassea Harris and Dodson 2004

G. †Tharosaurus Bajpai et al. 2023

Unr. †Diplodocidae Marsh 1884 [diplodocid]

Subfm. †Apatosaurinae Janensch 1929

Unr. †Diplodocinae Janensch 1929 [diplodocine]

Invalid names: Dicraeosaurinae Janensch 1929 [empty]

Invalid names: Diplodocus lacustris Marsh 1884 [nomen dubium]

Unr. †Rebbachisauridae Bonaparte 1997

G. †Agustinia Bonaparte 1999

†Agustinia ligabuei Bonaparte 1999

G. †Amazonsaurus Carvalho et al. 2003

†Amazonsaurus maranhensis Carvalho et al. 2003

G. †Campananeyen Lerzo et al. 2024

†Campananeyen fragilissimus Lerzo et al. 2024

G. †Comahuesaurus Carballido et al. 2012

†Comahuesaurus windhauseni Carballido et al. 2012

G. †Histriasaurus Dalla Vecchia 1998

†Histriasaurus boscarollii Dalla Vecchia 1998

G. †Itapeuasaurus Lindoso et al. 2019

†Itapeuasaurus cajapioensis Lindoso et al. 2019

Unr. †Khebbashia Fanti et al. 2015

Unr. †Nigersaurinae Whitlock 2011

Unr. †Rebbachisaurinae Wilson and Allain 2015

G. †Lavocatisaurus Canudo et al. 2018

†Lavocatisaurus agrioensis Canudo et al. 2018

G. †Maraapunisaurus Carpenter 2018

†Maraapunisaurus fragillimus Cope 1878

G. †Sidersaura Lerzo et al. 2024

†Sidersaura marae Lerzo et al. 2024

G. †Xenoposeidon Taylor and Naish 2007

†Xenoposeidon proneneukos Taylor and Naish 2007

G. †Zapalasaurus Salgado et al. 2006

†Zapalasaurus bonapartei Salgado et al. 2006

Invalid names: Rebbachisaurus tamesnensis Lapparent 1957 [nomen dubium]

G. †Haplocanthosaurus Hatcher 1903

†Haplocanthosaurus delfsi McIntosh and Williams 1988

†Haplocanthosaurus priscus Hatcher 1903

Invalid names: Haplocanthosaurus utterbacki Hatcher 1903 [synonym]

Invalid names: Haplocanthus Hatcher 1903 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cetiosaurus glymptonensis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Rebbachisauroidea Apesteguía 2007 [synonym]

Unr. †Macronaria Sereno 1997

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G. †Aragosaurus Sanz et al. 1987

†Aragosaurus ischiaticus Sanz et al. 1987

G. †Atlasaurus Monbaron et al. 1999

†Atlasaurus imelakei Monbaron et al. 1999

Unr. †Camarasauromorpha Salgado et al. 1997

Fm. †Camarasauridae Cope 1877 [camarasaurid]

G. †Camarasaurus Cope 1877

†Camarasaurus grandis Marsh 1877

Invalid names: Morosaurus impar Marsh 1878 [synonym], Morosaurus robustus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Pleurocoelus montanus Marsh 1896 [synonym]

†Camarasaurus lentus Marsh 1889

Invalid names: Camarasaurus annae Ellinger 1950 [synonym], Uintasaurus douglassi Holland 1919 [synonym]

†Camarasaurus lewisi Jensen 1988

†Camarasaurus supremus Cope 1877

Invalid names: Amphicoelias latus Cope 1877 [synonym], Camarasaurus leptodirus Cope 1879 [synonym], Caulodon diversidens Cope 1877 [synonym], Caulodon leptoganus Cope 1878 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cathetosaurus Jensen 1988 [synonym], Caulodon Cope 1877 [synonym], Morosaurus Marsh 1878 [synonym], Uintasaurus Holland 1919 [synonym]

G. †Lourinhasaurus Dantas et al. 1998

†Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957

Invalid names: Helopodinae Huene 1932 [empty]

G. †Europasaurus Sander et al. 2006

†Europasaurus holgeri Sander et al. 2006

G. †Tehuelchesaurus Rich et al. 1999

†Tehuelchesaurus benitezii Rich et al. 1999

Invalid names: Brachiosauria Upchurch 1997 [synonym]

G. †Dashanpusaurus Peng et al. 2005

†Dashanpusaurus dongi Peng et al. 2005

G. †Galveosaurus Sánchez-Hernández 2005

Unr. †Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. 1997

Fm. †Brachiosauridae Riggs 1904 [brachiosaurid]

G. †Abydosaurus Chure et al. 2010

†Abydosaurus mcintoshi Chure et al. 2010

G. †Brachiosaurus Riggs 1903

Subg. †Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) Paul 1988

†Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903

G. †Cedarosaurus Tidwell et al. 1999

†Cedarosaurus weiskopfae Tidwell et al. 1999

G. †Galvesaurus Barco et al. 2005 [Galve lizard]

†Galvesaurus herreroi Barco et al. 2005

Invalid names: Galveosaurus herreroi Sánchez-Hernández 2005 [objective synonym]

G. †Giraffatitan Paul 1988

†Brachiosaurus (Giraffatitan) brancai Janensch 1914

†Giraffatitan brancai Janensch 1914

Invalid names: Brachiosaurus fraasi Janensch 1914 [synonym]

G. †Lusotitan Antunes and Mateus 2003

†Lusotitan atalaiensis Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957

G. †Sonorasaurus Ratkevich 1998

†Sonorasaurus thompsoni Ratkevich 1998

G. †Soriatitan Royo-Torres et al. 2017

†Soriatitan golmayensis Royo-Torres et al. 2017

G. †Venenosaurus Tidwell et al. 2001

†Venenosaurus dicrocei Tidwell et al. 2001

G. †Vouivria Mannion et al. 2017

†Vouivria damparisensis Mannion et al. 2017

Invalid names: Astrodontidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Bellusaurinae Dong 1990 [empty], Brachiosaurinae Huene 1927 [empty], Camarasaurinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Euhelopodinae Romer 1956 [empty], Klamelisaurinae Zhao 1993 [empty], Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke 1882 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelidae Marsh 1888 [synonym]

G. †Duriatitan Barrett et al. 2010

†Duriatitan humerocristatus Lydekker 1888

G. †Fukuititan Azuma and Shibata 2010

†Fukuititan nipponensis Azuma and Shibata 2010

G. †Fushanosaurus Wang et al. 2019

†Fushanosaurus qitaiensis Wang et al. 2019

G. †Fusuisaurus Mo et al. 2006

†Fusuisaurus zhaoi Mo et al. 2006

G. †Liaoningotitan Zhou et al. 2018

†Liaoningotitan sinensis Zhou et al. 2018

G. †Occitanopodus Moreau et al. 2020

†Occitanopodus gandi Moreau et al. 2020

G. †Oceanotitan Mocho et al. 2019

†Oceanotitan dantasi Mocho et al. 2019

G. †Ornithopsis Seeley 1870

†Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley 1870

Invalid names: Bothriospondylus magnus Owen 1875 [objective synonym]

G. †Pelorosaurus Mantell 1850

†Pelorosaurus conybeari Melville 1849

†Pelorosaurus praecursor Sauvage 1876

Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998

G. †Angolatitan Mateus et al. 2011

†Angolatitan adamastor Mateus et al. 2011

G. †Astrophocaudia D'Emic 2013

†Astrophocaudia slaughteri D'Emic 2013

G. †Australodocus Remes 2007

†Australodocus bohetii Remes 2007

G. †Austrosaurus Longman 1933

†Austrosaurus mckillopi Longman 1933

G. †Brontomerus Taylor et al. 2011

†Brontomerus mcintoshi Taylor et al. 2011

G. †Chubutisaurus del Corro 1975

†Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro 1975

Unr. †Diamantinasauria Poropat et al. 2021

G. †Diamantinasaurus Hocknull et al. 2009

G. †Mansourasaurus Sallam et al. 2018

G. †Sarmientosaurus Martínez et al. 2016

G. †Savannasaurus Poropat et al. 2016

G. †Wintonotitan Hocknull et al. 2009

Invalid names: Australotitan cooperensis Hocknull et al. 2021 [nomen dubium]

G. †Dongbeititan Wang et al. 2007

†Dongbeititan dongi Wang et al. 2007

Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]

G. †Daxiatitan You et al. 2008

G. †Erketu Ksepka and Norell 2006

G. †Euhelopus Romer 1956

Invalid names: Helopus Wiman 1929 [replaced]

G. †Gobititan You et al. 2003

G. †Huabeisaurus Pang and Cheng 2000

G. †Phuwiangosaurus Martin et al. 1994

G. †Qiaowanlong You and Li 2009

G. †Ruixinia Mo et al. 2023

G. †Ruyangosaurus Lü et al. 2009

G. †Silutitan Wang et al. 2021

G. †Tambatitanis Saegusa and Ikeda 2014

G. †Tangvayosaurus Allain et al. 1999

G. †Xianshanosaurus Lü et al. 2009

G. †Yongjinglong Li et al. 2014

G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017

†Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017

G. †Gannansaurus Lü et al. 2013

†Gannansaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2013

G. †Garumbatitan Mocho et al. 2024

†Garumbatitan morellensis Mocho et al. 2024

G. †Huanghetitan You et al. 2006

†Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis You et al. 2006

G. †Jiangshanosaurus Tang et al. 2001

†Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis Tang et al. 2001

G. †Jiangxititan Mo et al. 2023

†Jiangxititan ganzhouensis Mo et al. 2023

G. †Ligabuesaurus Bonaparte et al. 2006

†Ligabuesaurus leanzai Bonaparte et al. 2006

G. †Liubangosaurus Mo et al. 2010

†Liubangosaurus hei Mo et al. 2010

G. †Padillasaurus Carballido et al. 2015

†Padillasaurus leivaensis Carballido et al. 2015

G. †Sauroposeidon Wedel et al. 2000

†Sauroposeidon proteles Wedel et al. 2000

Invalid names: Paluxysaurus jonesi Rose 2007 [synonym]

Invalid names: Paluxysaurus Rose 2007 [synonym]

G. †Sibirotitan Averianov et al. 2018

†Sibirotitan astrosacralis Averianov et al. 2018

G. †Sonidosaurus Xu et al. 2006

†Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis Xu et al. 2006

G. †Tastavinsaurus Canudo et al. 2008

†Tastavinsaurus sanzi Canudo et al. 2008

G. †Triunfosaurus Carvalho et al. 2017

†Triunfosaurus leonardii Carvalho et al. 2017

G. †Yunmenglong Lü et al. 2013

†Yunmenglong ruyangensis Lü et al. 2013

Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Australotitan Hocknull et al. 2021 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]

G. †Sousatitanosauripus Gomes et al. 2024

†Sousatitanosauripus robsoni Gomes et al. 2024

Unr. †Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria 1993

G. †Abdarainurus Averianov and Lopatin 2020

†Abdarainurus barsboldi Averianov and Lopatin 2020

G. †Aegyptosaurus Stromer 1932

†Aegyptosaurus baharijensis Stromer 1932

G. †Andesaurus Calvo and Bonaparte 1991

†Andesaurus delgadoi Calvo and Bonaparte 1991

G. †Argyrosaurus Lydekker 1893

†Argyrosaurus superbus Lydekker 1893

G. †Baalsaurus Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019

†Baalsaurus mansillai Calvo and Gonzalez Riga 2019

Fm. †Balochisauridae Malkani 2003

Subfm. †Balochisaurinae Malkani 2010

Subfm. †Marisaurinae Malkani 2010

G. †Baotianmansaurus Zhang et al. 2009

†Baotianmansaurus henanensis Zhang et al. 2009

G. †Barrosasaurus Salgado and Coria 2009

†Barrosasaurus casamiquelai Salgado and Coria 2009

G. †Borealosaurus You et al. 2004

†Borealosaurus wimani You et al. 2004

G. †Choconsaurus Simón et al. 2018

†Choconsaurus baileywillisi Simón et al. 2018

Unr. †Colossosauria González Riga et al. 2019

Unr. †Aeolosaurini Franco-Rosas et al. 2004

G. †Chucarosaurus Agnolin et al. 2023

Unr. †Lognkosauria Calvo et al. 2007

G. †Notocolossus González Riga et al. 2016

G. †Puertasaurus Novas et al. 2005

Unr. †Rinconsauria Calvo et al. 2007

G. †Dgkhansaurus Malkani 2019

†Dgkhansaurus maarri Malkani 2019

G. †Dongyangosaurus Lü et al. 2008

†Dongyangosaurus sinensis Lü et al. 2008

G. †Dzharatitanis Averianov and Sues 2021

†Dzharatitanis kingi Averianov and Sues 2021

Unr. †Eutitanosauria Sanz et al. 1999

G. †Argentinosaurus Bonaparte and Coria 1993

G. †Bonitasaura Apesteguía 2004

G. †Dreadnoughtus Lacovara et al. 2014

G. †Inawentu Filippi et al. 2024

G. †Menucocelsior Rolando et al. 2022

G. †Patagotitan Carballido et al. 2017

G. †Gandititan Han et al. 2024

†Gandititan cavocaudatus Han et al. 2024

G. †Hamititan Wang et al. 2021

†Hamititan xinjiangensis Wang et al. 2021

G. †Karongasaurus Gomani 2005

†Karongasaurus gittelmani Gomani 2005

G. †Laplatasaurus Huene 1927

†Laplatasaurus araukanicus Huene 1927

Unr. †Lithostrotia Wilson and Upchurch 2003

G. †Antarctosaurus Huene 1927

G. †Arackar Rubilar-Rogers et al. 2021

G. †Atacamatitan Kellner et al. 2011

G. †Bustingorrytitan Simón and Salgado 2023

G. †Elaltitan Mannion and Otero 2012

G. †Epachthosaurus Powell 1990

G. †Jainosaurus Hunt et al. 1995

G. †Kaijutitan Filippi et al. 2019

G. †Magyarosaurus Huene 1932

G. †Malawisaurus Jacobs et al. 1993

Fm. †Nemegtosauridae Upchurch 1995

G. †Normanniasaurus Le Loeuff et al. 2013

G. †Nullotitan Novas et al. 2019

G. †Paludititan Csiki et al. 2010

G. †Paralititan Smith et al. 2001

G. †Pellegrinisaurus Salgado 1996

Superfm. †Saltasauroidea Powell 1992

G. †Shingopana Gorscak et al. 2017

G. †Tengrisaurus Averianov and Skutschas 2017

G. †Vahiny Curry Rogers and Wilson 2014

G. †Volgatitan Averianov and Efimov 2018

Invalid names: Antarctosaurus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen dubium]

G. †Malakhelisaurus Malkani 2008 [Malakhel lizard]

†Malakhelisaurus mianwali Malkani 2007

Invalid names: Malasaurus Malkani 2007 [replaced]

G. †Malarguesaurus González Riga et al. 2009 [Malargüe lizard]

†Malarguesaurus florenciae González Riga et al. 2009

G. †Mnyamawamtuka Gorscak and O'Connor 2019

†Mnyamawamtuka moyowamkia Gorscak and O'Connor 2019

G. †Mongolosaurus Gilmore 1933

†Mongolosaurus haplodon Gilmore 1933

G. †Narambuenatitan Filippi et al. 2011

†Narambuenatitan palomoi Filippi et al. 2011

G. †Ninjatitan Gallina et al. 2021

†Ninjatitan zapatai Gallina et al. 2021

G. †Pashtosaurus Malkani 2014

†Pashtosaurus zhobi Malkani 2014

G. †Petrobrasaurus Filippi et al. 2011

†Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi Filippi et al. 2011

Unr. †Poripuchia Malkani 2020

Fm. †Gspsauridae Malkani 2015

Fm. †Pakisauridae Malkani 2003

G. †Pseudomegaloolithus Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003

†Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003

G. †Rukwatitan Gorscak et al. 2014

†Rukwatitan bisepultus Gorscak et al. 2014

G. †Teratopodus Tomaselli et al. 2022

†Teratopodus malarguensis Tomaselli et al. 2022

G. †Tiamat Pereira et al. 2024

†Tiamat valdecii Pereira et al. 2024

G. †Titanopodus González Riga and Calvo 2009

†Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo 2009

Fm. †Titanosauridae Lydekker 1885 [titanosaurid]

Unr. †Megaloolithidae Zhao 1979

Invalid names: Antarctosauridae Olshevsky 1978 [synonym], Antarctosaurinae Powell 1986 [empty], Hypselosaurus Matheron 1869 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurinae Lydekker 1893 [empty]

Invalid names: Andesauridae Calvo and Bonaparte 1991 [empty], Andesauroidea Salgado 2003 [empty], Argyrosaurinae Powell 1986 [invalid subgroup], Titanosaurus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium]

G. †Titanosaurimanus Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000

†Titanosaurimanus nana Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000

Invalid names: Brohisaurus Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Eucamerotus Hulke 1871 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitanidae Lü et al. 2007 [empty], Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff 1993 [nomen dubium], Iuticosaurus valdensis Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Laurasiformes Royo-Torres 2009 [empty], Macrurosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium]

G. †Yuzhoulong Dai et al. 2022

†Yuzhoulong qurenensis Dai et al. 2022

Invalid names: Apatosaurus minimus Mook 1917 [nomen dubium], Astrodon Johnston 1859 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus robustus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Dinodocus mackesoni Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Titanomorpha Sereno 1997 [empty]

G. †Oobardjidama Salisbury et al. 2016

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†Oobardjidama foulkesi Salisbury et al. 2016

Superfm. †Titanosauroidea Upchurch 1995

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Invalid names: Epachthosaurinae Salgado 2003 [empty]

Invalid names: Bothriospondylus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus Hulke 1874 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus manseli Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteinfrao

Entire body:

yesinfrao

Adult length:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult width:

10 to < 100infrao

Adult height:

10 to < 100infrao

Maximum body mass:

100000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 kgg

Thickness:

thickinfrao

Architecture:

compact or denseinfrao

Form:

sphericalinfrao

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partsinfrao

Grouping:

gregariousinfrao

Environment:

terrestrialinfrao

Locomotion:

actively mobileinfrao

Life habit:

ground dwellinginfrao

Diet:

herbivoreinfrao

Reproduction:

oviparousinfrao

Dispersal:

direct/internalinfrao

Dispersal 2:

mobileinfrao

Created:

2004-12-14 12:49:10

Modified:

2004-12-14 14:49:10

Source: g = genus, infrao = infraorder

References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Middle Toarcian to the top of the Lancian or 182.00000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (1444 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Argentina (Chubut)	Titanosauriformes indet. (67434)
Middle Jurassic	174.7 - 161.5	China (Ningxia)	Lingwulong shenqi (195171)
Middle Jurassic	174.7 - 161.5	Pakistan (Punjab)	Malasaurus mianwali (80011)
Late/Upper Bajocian - Early/Lower Bathonian	171.6 - 164.7	France (Occitanie)	Megaloolithus sp. (58416)
Bajocian	170.3 - 168.3	India (Gujarat)	Camarasauromorpha indet. (61163)
Bajocian - Oxfordian	170.3 - 157.3	China (Sichuan)	Dashanpusaurus dongi (24883)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	France (Occitanie)	Occitanopodus gandi (225329)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Neosauropoda indet. (55747) Titanosauriformes indet. (55318 55393)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	India (Rajasthan)	Tharosaurus indicus (227432)
Bathonian	168.3 - 166.1	Morocco (Azilal)	Cetiosaurinae indet. (45941)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Megaloolithus aureliensis, Megaloolithus petralta (36725) Megaloolithus mamillare (61380 169875 183093 226202) Megaloolithus mamillare, Hypselosaurus sp., Titanosauridae indet. (36381) Megaloolithus sp. (167946 171123) Sauropoda indet. (169298) Titanosauria indet. (148950 169322 169450 219381 224901) Titanosauridae indet., Megaloolithus mammilare (38893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Utah)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (45721 45722) Sauropoda indet. (45718)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Amur)	Arkharavia heterocoelica (38134)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Romania (Hunedoara)	Megaloolithidae indet. (193944) Megaloolithus siruguei (27894) Megaloolithus siruguei, Paludititan sp., Titanosauridae indet. (26369) Titanosauria indet. (14454 219186 221769 221784) Titanosauria indet., Megaloolithidae indet. (138826)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (52087 52090 61847 85189 85191 165562) Alamosaurus sp. (52091 165198 231098 231099 231100) Lithostrotia indet. (164702 164703) Titanosauria indet. (224287) Titanosauridae indet. (156122)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Ecuador (Loja)	Yamanasaurus lojaensis (206833)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Languedoc-Roussillon)	Dinosauria indet. (53481) Tritonausaurus sp. (91074)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Aragón)	Titanosauridae indet. (46437)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Brazil (Goiás)	Titanosauria indet. (225047) Titanosauria indet., Titanosauriformes indet. (225046)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	India (Tamil Nadu)	Camarasauridae indet. (71480) Titanosauridae indet. (53922)