| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Ornithuromorpha
Taxonomy
Ornithuromorpha was named by Chiappe et al. (1999). It was considered monophyletic by Chiappe (2002), Carvalho et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli (2009); to Pygostylia by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); and to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006), O'Connor et al. (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2014), O'Connor et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2016), McLachlan et al. (2017), Wang et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2020), Carvalho et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli (2009); to Pygostylia by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); and to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe (2002), You et al. (2006), O'Connor et al. (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Liu et al. (2014), O'Connor et al. (2016), Wang et al. (2016), McLachlan et al. (2017), Wang et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2020), Carvalho et al. (2021).
Subtaxa
Ambiortus, Antarcticavis, Apsaravis, Archaeorhynchus, Bellulia, Changmaornis, Chaoyangia, Dingavis, Eogranivora, Gansus, Hollanda, Hongshanornithidae, Iteravis, Jianchangornis, Jiuquanornis, Juehuaornis, Kaririavis, Khinganornis, Liaoningornis, Ornithurae, Patagopteryx, Piscivoravis, Schizooura, Schizoouridae, Songlingornithidae, Vorona, Yumenornis, Zhongjianornis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1999 | Ornithuromorpha Chiappe and et al. |
| 2002 | Ornithuromorpha Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
| 2006 | Ornithuromorpha You et al. p. 1643 figs. Fig. 3 |
| 2009 | Ornithuromorpha Agnolin and Martinelli p. 44 |
| 2010 | Ornithuromorpha O'Connor et al. p. 319 |
| 2013 | Ornithuromorpha Kurochkin et al. |
| 2013 | Ornithuromorpha O'Connor and Zelenkov |
| 2014 | Ornithuromorpha Liu et al. |
| 2014 | Ornithuromorpha O'Connor and Sullivan |
| 2014 | Ornithuromorpha Wang et al. |
| 2014 | Ornithuromorpha Wang et al. |
| 2014 | Ornithuromorpha Zhang et al. |
| 2016 | Ornithuromorpha O'Connor et al. |
| 2016 | Ornithuromorpha Wang et al. |
| 2017 | Ornithuromorpha McLachlan et al. p. 2 |
| 2020 | Ornithuromorpha Wang et al. |
| 2020 | Ornithuromorpha Wang et al. |
| 2021 | Ornithuromorpha Carvalho et al. |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Ornithuromorpha Chiappe 1999
show all | hide all
G. †Antarcticavis Cordes-Person et al. 2020
+
†Antarcticavis capelambensis Cordes-Person et al. 2020
Fm. †Hongshanornithidae O'Connor et al. 2010
+
Subcl. Ornithurae Haeckel 1866
+
Unr. †Carinatae Merrem 1813
+
Subor. Galliformes Temminck 1820 [fowl]
+
G. †Amitabha Gulas-Wroblewski and Wroblewski 2003
+
†Amitabha urbsinterdictensis Gulas-Wroblewski and Wroblewski 2003
G. †Archaealectrornis Crowe and Short 1992
G. †Argillipes Harrison and Walker 1977
+
†Argillipes aurorum Harrison and Walker 1977
†Argillipes paralectoris Harrison and Walker 1977
Fm. Cracidae Vigors 1825
+
G. †Boreortalis Brodkorb 1954 [chachalaca]
Subfm. Cracinae Vigors 1825
Subfm. Oreophasinae Sclater and Salvin 1870
G. Ortalis Merrem 1786 [chachalaca]
G. †Palaeonossax Wetmore 1956
G. Pauxi Temminck 1813
G. Penelope Merrem 1786
Subfm. Penelopinae Huxley 1868
Invalid names: Ortalisinae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Fm. †Gallinuloididae Lucas 1900
+
G. †Eortyx Brodkorb 1967
G. †Gallinuloides Eastman 1900
G. †Paraortygoides Mayr 2000
Fm. Megapodiidae Lesson 1831 [megapode]
+
G. Aepypodius Oustalet 1880 [Brush-turkeys]
G. Alectura Latham 1824 [Brush-turkey]
G. Eulipoa Ogilvie-Grant 1893 [Moluccan scrubfowl]
G. †Garrdimalga Shute et al. 2017
G. †Latagallina Shute et al. 2017
G. Leipoa Gould 1840 [malleefowl]
G. Macrocephalon Muller 1846 [maleo]
G. Megapodius Gaimard 1823 [scrubfowl]
G. †Mwalau Worthy et al. 2015
G. †Ngawupodius Boles and Ivison 1999
G. †Progura De Vis 1889
+
Invalid names: Chosornis De Vis 1889 [synonym], Palaeopelargus De Vis 1892 [synonym]
G. Talegalla Lesson 1828 [Brush-turkeys]
Fm. Numididae Reichenbach 1850 [guineafowl]
+
G. Acryllium Gray 1840
G. Numida Linnaeus 1766 [helmeted guineafowl]
G. †Telecrex Wetmore 1934
Invalid names: Telecrecinae Wetmore 1934 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Odontophoridae Gould 1844 [New World quail]
+
G. Caccabis Kaup 1829
G. Cyrtonyx Gould 1844
G. †Miortyx Miller 1944 [quail]
G. †Nanortyx Weigel 1963
G. Odontophorus Vieillot 1816
G. Oreortyx Baird 1858
Subfm. Ptilopachinae Bowie et al. 2013
Fm. Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 [pheasant]
+
G. Afropavo Chapin 1936
G. Bonasa Stephens 1819
G. Centrocercus Swainson 1832
G. †Coturnipes Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Francolinus Stephens 1819 [francolin]
G. Gallus Brisson 1766 [junglefowl]
G. Lagopus Brisson 1760 [ptarmigan]
G. †Litoripes Harrison and Walker 1979
G. Lyrurus Swainson 1832
G. Margaroperdix Reichenbach 1853
G. Meleagris Linnaeus 1758 [turkey]
G. †Miogallus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Miophasianus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Palaeocryptonyx Depéret 1892
G. †Palaeortyx Milne-Edwards 1869
G. Pavo Linnaeus 1758 [peafowl]
G. Peliperdix Bonaparte 1856
G. †Percolinus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Perdix Brisson 1760 [partridge]
Subfm. Phasianinae Horsfield 1821
G. Phasianus Linnaeus 1758
G. †Pirortyx Brodkorb 1964
G. †Pliogallus Gaillard 1939
G. †Plioperdix Kretzoi 1955
G. Pternistis Wagler 1832
G. †Schaubortyx Brodkorb 1964
G. Scleroptila Blyth 1849
G. Tetrao Linnaeus 1758
G. Tetraogallus Gray 1832
G. Tetrastes Keyserling and Blasius 1840
G. Tympanuchus Gloger 1841
+
Invalid names: Cupidonia Reichenbach 1852 [synonym], Pedioecetes Baird 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alectoris pliocaena Tugarinov 1940 [invalid subgroup], Perdicinae [invalid subgroup], Rollulinae Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Tetraoninae Linnaeus 1758 [empty]
Fm. †Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992
+
G. †Ameripodius Alvarenga 1995
G. †Palintropus Brodkorb 1970
G. †Quercymegapodius Mourer-Chauviré 1992
G. †Scopelortyx Mourer-Chauvire et al. 2015
+
†Scopelortyx klinghardtensis Mourer-Chauvire et al. 2015
G. †Taoperdix Milne-Edwards 1869
+
†Taoperdix miocaena Ballman 1966
†Taoperdix pessieti Gervais 1862
Invalid names: Galli [empty], Odontiphorinidae Gould 1844 [empty], Phasanidae Monroe and Sibley 1893 [empty], Sylviornithes Worthy et al. 2017 [empty]
Invalid names: Anatiformes Hay 1930 [empty], Diatrymatiformes Hay 1930 [empty]
Fm. †Gargantuaviidae Buffetaut and Angst 2019
+
G. †Gargantuavis Buffetaut and Le Loeuff 1998
+
†Gargantuavis philoinos Buffetaut and Le Loeuff 1998
Or. †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888
+
Fm. †Baptornithidae American Ornithologists' Union 1910
+
G. †Baptornis Marsh 1877
+
†Baptornis advenus Marsh 1877
Invalid names: Parascaniornis Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Parascaniornis stensioei Lambrecht 1933 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Brodavidae Martin et al. 2012
+
G. †Brodavis Martin et al. 2012
+
†Brodavis americanus Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis baileyi Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis mongoliensis Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis varneri Martin and Cordes-Person 2007
G. †Enaliornis Seeley 1876
+
†Enaliornis barretti Seeley 1866
†Enaliornis sedgwicki Seeley 1869
†Enaliornis seeleyi Galton and Martin 2002
†Enaliornis segdwicki Seeley 1869
Invalid names: Pelagornis Seeley 1866 [replaced]
Unr. †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872
+
G. †Asiahesperornis Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
+
†Asiahesperornis bazhanovi Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
G. †Hesperornis Marsh 1872
+
†Hesperornis altus Marsh 1893
†Hesperornis bairdi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis chowi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis crassipes Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis lumgairi Aotsuka and Sato 2016
†Hesperornis macdonaldi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis mengeli Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis montanus Shufeldt 1915
†Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872
†Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov 1993
Invalid names: Coniornis Marsh 1893 [synonym], Hargeria Lucas 1903 [synonym], Lestornis Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asiahesperornithinae Nessov and Prizemlin 1991 [empty]
G. †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk et al. 1997
+
†Pasquiaornis hardiei Tokaryk et al. 1997
†Pasquiaornis tankei Tokaryk et al. 1997
Invalid names: Enaliornithidae [empty]
Unr. †Ichthyornithes Marsh 1873
+
G. †Ichthyornis Marsh 1872
+
†Ichthyornis dispar Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Colonosaurus mudgei Marsh 1872 [objective synonym], Ichthyornis agilis Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ichthyornis anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Ichthyornis antecessor Wetmore 1962 [synonym], Ichthyornis validus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Ichthyornis victor Marsh 1876 [synonym]
†Ichthyornis minusculus Nessov 1990
Invalid names: Angelinornis Kashin 1972 [synonym], Colonosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Fm. †Ichthyornithidae Marsh 1873
+
Invalid names: Angelinornithidae Kashin 1972 [synonym], Plegadornithidae Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Apatornithidae Fürbringer 1888 [empty]
Or. †Yanornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
Fm. †Yanornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
G. †Yanornis Zhou and Zhang 2001
+
†Yanornis guozhangi Wang et al. 2013
†Yanornis martini Zhou and Zhang 2001
Invalid names: Aberratiodontus Gong et al. 2004 [synonym]
Or. †Yixianornithiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
Invalid names: Yixianornithidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
Invalid names: Chaoyangornithiformes Hou 1997 [empty], Dromaeognathae Huxley 1867 [empty], Gobipterygiformes Elzanowski 1974 [empty], Odontoholcae Stejneger 1884 [empty], Odontoholomorphae [empty]
G. †Patagopteryx Alvarenga and Bonaparte 1992
+
†Patagopteryx deferrariisi Alvarenga and Bonaparte 1992
Fm. †Schizoouridae Wang et al. 2020
+
Invalid names: Songlingornithidae Hou 1997 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Bathonian to the top of the Holocene or 167.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 164.7 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 164.7 Ma
Collections (755 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Aves indet. (59357) | |
| Berriasian | Romania (Judetul Bihor) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (13335) | |
| Hauterivian | China (Hebei) | Archaeornithura meemannae (68022) | |
| Hauterivian - Barremian | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Ambiortus dementjevi (85287) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | China (Nei Mongol) | Tianyuornis cheni (106346) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Kalasin) | Ornithurae indet. (84443) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Archaeorhynchus spathula (123753) Hongshanornis longicresta, Longicrusavis houi, Eogranivora edentulata (13937) Liaoningornis longidigitris (85288) Yanornis guozhangi (92806) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Nei Mongol) | Hongshanornis longicresta, Abitusavis lii (79519) | |
| Aptian | China (Gansu) | Gansus yumenensis, Changmaornis houi, Yumenornis huangi, Ornithuromorpha indet. (62293) | |
| Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Aberratiodontus wui (79518) Archaeovolans repatriatus (55708) Bellulia rectusunguis, Mengciusornis dentatus (105772) Chaoyangia beishanensis, Songlingornis linghensis (79517) Iteravis huchzermenyeri, Changzuiornis ahgmi, Gansus zheni, Dingavis longimaxilla (135798) Juehuaornis zhangi (169930) Ornithurae indet., Archaeorhynchus spathula, Zhongjianornis yangi, Jianchangornis microdonta, Schizooura lii (118207) Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis (79941) Piscivoravis lii (129475) Similiyanornis brevipectus (73688) Yanornis martini (85258) Yanornis sp. (55536) Yixianornis grabaui (55426) | |
| Aptian | China (Inner Mongolia) | Khinganornis sp. (224092) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Kaririavis mater (169901) | |
| Early/Lower Aptian | China (Inner Mongolia) | Ornithuromorpha indet. (193940) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Pelagornis barretti, Enaliornis sedgwicki (85289) | |
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | Hesperornis gracilis (156590) Lestornis crassipes (156589) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Canada (Nunavut) | Tingmiatornis arctica (45559) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Nebraska) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (239336) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Hesperornithiformes indet., Ichthyornis sp. (22731) Ichthyornis sp. B, Pasquiaornis hardiei, Pasquiaornis tankei, Aves indet., Ichthyornis sp. (52997) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | Baptornithidae indet., Ichthyornithes indet. (94538) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Aves indet. (92399) | |