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Bellerophontida
Taxonomy
Bellerophontida was named by Ulrich and Scofield (1897).
It was assigned to Monoplacophora by Runnegar and Jell (1976) and Bengtson (1992); to Amphigastropoda by Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Bouchet et al. (2017); and to Gastropoda by Sepkoski (2002) and Wagner (2023).
It was assigned to Monoplacophora by Runnegar and Jell (1976) and Bengtson (1992); to Amphigastropoda by Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Bouchet et al. (2017); and to Gastropoda by Sepkoski (2002) and Wagner (2023).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1897 | Bellerophontida Ulrich and Scofield |
| 1976 | Bellerophontida Runnegar and Jell p. 119 |
| 1992 | Bellerophontida Bengtson p. 1026 |
| 2002 | Bellerophontida Sepkoski |
| 2016 | Bellerophontida Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 484 |
| 2017 | Bellerophontida Bouchet et al. p. 332 |
| 2023 | Bellerophontida Wagner |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Bellerophontida Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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G. †Atlantobellerophon Trechmann 1930
Subor. †Bellerophontina Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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Superfm. †Bellerophontoidea M'Coy 1851
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Fm. †Bellerophontidae M'Coy 1851
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Subfm. †Bellerophontinae M'Coy 1851
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G. †Aglaoglypta Knight 1942
G. †Bellerophon de Montfort 1808
G. †Bubovicus Horný 1962
G. †Khumerspira Murata 1974
G. †Kodymites Horný 1962
G. †Liljevallospira Knight 1945
G. †Mogulia Waagen 1880
G. †Pharkidonotus Girty 1912
G. †Praematuratropis Rollins et al. 1971
G. †Ptychobellerophon Delpey 1941
G. †Semilukispira Blodgett and Frýda 1999
G. †Sphaerocyclus Perner 1903
G. †Waagenella de Koninck 1883
Subfm. †Bucanopsinae Wahlman 1992
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G. †Bucanopsis Ulrich and Scofield 1897
G. †Sphenosphaera Knight 1945
Subfm. †Cymbulariinae Horný 1963
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G. †Beyrichidiscus Linsley and Peel 1983
G. †Coelocyclus Perner 1903
G. †Collina Jhaveri 1969
G. †Joleaudella Patte 1929
G. †Prosoptychus Perner 1903
G. †Ptychosphaera Perner 1903
G. †Dicellonema Yu and Wang 1975
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†Dicellonema abrekensis Kaim 2009
†Dicellonema dicellonemata Yu and Wang 1975
†Dicellonema granaticarinata Wang 1980
†Dicellonema panxianensis Yu 1980
Subfm. †Knightitinae Knight 1956
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G. †Anapetopsis Peel 1975
G. †Cymatospira Knight 1942
G. †Knightites Moore 1941
G. †Patellilabia Knight 1945
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Invalid names: Aiptospira Wang 1980 [synonym], Extendilabrum Wang 1980 [synonym], Singulitubus Wang 1980 [synonym], Tetratubispira Wang 1980 [synonym]
G. †Retispira Knight 1945
G. †Teutonophon Blodgett and Frýda 1999
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†Teutonophon konincki Weir 1931
†Teutonophon sinensis Pan and Cook 2003
†Teutonophon tangentialis Phillips 1836
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Invalid names: Bellerophon cornuarietis d'Orbigny 1850 [synonym]
†Teutonophon umbilicatus Potiez and Michaud 1838
Invalid names: Pseudopharkidonotus Pan and Cook 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Liljevallospiridae Golikov and Starobogatov 1989 [synonym]
Fm. †Bucanellidae Koken and Perner 1925
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G. †Bucanella Meek 1871
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Subg. †Bucanella (Bucanella) Meek 1871
†Bucanella crispata Koken 1897
†Bucanella homalotropis Koken 1897
†Bucanella nana Meek 1871
†Bucanella revaliensis Koken 1897
†Bucanella tripla Whitfield 1889
†Bucaniella quadrisulcata Reed 1921
G. †Crenistriella Knight 1945
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†Crenistriella armoricana Blodgett et al. 1999
†Crenistriella crenistria Hall 1876
†Crenistriella rotalinea Hall 1879
Fm. †Bucaniidae Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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Subfm. †Bucaniinae Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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G. †Bucania Hall 1847
G. †Bucanopsina Horný 1997
G. †Loxobucania Knight 1942
G. †Megalomphala Ulrich and Scofield 1897
G. †Offleya Poulsen 1974
Invalid names: Bucaniides Ulrich and Scofield 1897 [empty], Grandostomatinae Horný 1962 [synonym]
Subfm. †Salpingostomatinae Koken and Perner 1925
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G. †Grandostoma Horný 1962
G. †Salpingostoma Roemer 1876
Subfm. †Tremanotinae Peel 1972
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G. †Boiotremus Horný 1962
G. †Goniotremus Horný 1992
G. †Tremanotus Hall 1868
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Invalid names: Gyrotrema Lindström 1884 [objective synonym], Tremagyrus Perner 1903 [synonym]
Fm. †Knightitidae Knight 1956
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Fm. †Plectonotidae Boucot and Yochelson 1966
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G. †Boucotonotus Frýda and Manda 1997
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†Boucotonotus mareki Horný 1963
†Boucotonotus snajdri Horný 1963
G. †Plectonotus Clarke 1899
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Subg. †Plectonotus (Plectonotoides) Boucot et al. 1986
Subg. †Plectonotus (Plectonotus) Clarke 1899
†Plectonotus dereimsi Knod 1908
†Plectonotus hapsideus Clarke 1913
†Plectonotus laticarinata Knod 1908
†Plectonotus quadrilobatus Reed 1904
†Plectonotus raricostatus Radabaugh 1942
†Plectonotus rectangularis Knod 1908
†Plectonotus reissi Clarke 1899
†Plectonotus salteri Clarke 1899
G. †Ptomatis Clarke 1899
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†Ptomatis africanoides Reed 1925
†Ptomatis moreirai Clarke 1913
†Ptomatis proteiforme Hyde 1953
†Ptomatis rudis Hall 1860
Invalid names: Fuchsella Spriestersbach 1942 [replaced]
G. †Tetranota Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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†Tetranota bidorsata Hall 1847
†Tetranota carrickensis Reed 1921
†Tetranota charon Billings 1860
†Tetranota conspicua d'Eichwald 1840
†Tetranota craigensis Reed 1921
†Tetranota decurrens d'Eichwald 1860
†Tetranota divergens Koken 1897
†Tetranota hippopus Salter 1866
†Tetranota lineata Koken 1896
†Tetranota macra Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Tetranota rudicostata Koken 1897
†Tetranota rugosa Emmons 1855
†Tetranota scanica Ebbestad et al. 2013
†Tetranota sexcarinata Ulrich and Scofield 1897
†Tetranota silurica d'Eichwald 1840
†Tetranota umbilicata Yü 1961
†Tetranota undata Koken 1897
†Tetranota wisconsinensis Whitfield 1878
G. †Tritonophon Öpik 1953
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†Tritonophon bohemica Perner 1903
†Tritonophon carina Beushausen 1884
†Tritonophon kivitalonae Peel 1974
†Tritonophon peeli Horný 1997
†Tritonophon subtrilobatus Troedsson 1919
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Invalid names: Tritonophon atavus Troedsson 1919 [synonym]
†Tritonophon trilobatus de Sowerby and Murchison 1839
†Tritonophon trimetra Öpik 1953
Fm. †Pterothecidae Wenz 1938
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Subfm. †Carinaropsinae Ulrich and Scofield 1897
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G. †Carinaropsis Hall 1847
G. †Gyrospira Boucot 1956
G. †Merriamites Blodgett and Johnson 1995
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Invalid names: Merriamella Blodgett and Johnson 1992 [replaced]
G. †Phragmosphaera Knight 1945
Invalid names: Pedasionlinae Wahlman 1992 [empty]
Subfm. †Pterothecinae Wenz 1938
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G. †Cyclotheca Teichert 1935
G. †Pterotheca Salter 1853
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Invalid names: Aulacomerella Huene 1900 [synonym], Clioderma Hall 1861 [synonym]
Fm. †Sinuitidae Dall 1913
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G. †Cyrtodiscus Perner 1903
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†Cyrtodiscus evolvens Perner 1903
†Cyrtodiscus nitidus Perner 1903
†Cyrtodiscus procer Perner 1903
†Cyrtodiscus simaki Horný 1997
Invalid names: Gamadiscus Horný 1962 [synonym]
G. †Sinosinuites Yü 1961
Subfm. †Sinuitinae Dall 1913
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G. †Branzovodiscus Frýda 1999
G. †Hispanosinuites Fryda and Gutierrez-Marco 1996
G. †Modestospira Yochelson 1964
G. †Selesinuites Horný 1997
G. †Sinuites Koken 1896
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Invalid names: Discolites Emmons 1855 [synonym], Protowarthia Ulrich and Scofield 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hispanosinuitinae Fryda and Gutierrez-Marco 1996 [synonym]
G. †Strangulites Horný 1962
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†Strangulites balclatchiensis Reed 1921
†Strangulites elongatus Portlock 1843
†Strangulites maccallumi Reed 1921
†Strangulites sphaeroidalis Reed 1921
†Strangulites strangulatus Perner 1903
Invalid names: Aiptospirinae Wang 1980 [empty], Bucaniellidae Koken and Perner 1925 [empty], Protowarthiidae Ulrich and Scofield 1897 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Temnodiscidae Horný 1963
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G. †Alaskodiscus Rohr et al. 2013
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†Alaskodiscus donensis Rohr et al. 2003
Invalid names: Alaskadiscus Rohr et al. 2003 [replaced]
G. †Thoralispira Horný and Vizcaïno 1995
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†Thoralispira laevis Thoral 1935
†Thoralispira occitana Horný and Vizcaïno 1995
Invalid names: Cymbulariidae Horný 1963 [empty]
G. †Cloudina Knight 1947
G. †Euphemitella
G. †Gammadiscus Horný 1962
G. †Lenticularis
G. †Pseudowarthia
G. †Rotadiscoides
G. †Siluracmaea Horný 1961
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G. †Squarrosus
Superfm. †Tropidodiscoidea Knight 1956
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Fm. †Tropidodiscidae Knight 1956
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G. †Groomodiscus Rohr and Yochelson 1990
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†Groomodiscus bouceki Horný 1997
†Groomodiscus buccinoideum Reed 1921
†Groomodiscus calcifer Cleland 1900
†Groomodiscus planulatus Endo 1932
†Groomodiscus rossi Rohr and Yochelson 1990
G. †Nylanderina Boucot et al. 1967
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†Nylanderina bisulcata Römer 1843
†Nylanderina goldringae Boucot et al. 1967
G. †Sinuitina Knight 1945
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†Sinuitina acutilira Hall 1859
†Sinuitina brevilineatus Conrad 1842
†Sinuitina cordiformis Newell 1935
†Sinuitina duchastelii Léveillé 1835
†Sinuitina gratiosus de Koninck 1883
†Sinuitina hyalina Clarke 1904
†Sinuitina matuta Öpik 1953
†Sinuitina morzadeci Blodgett et al. 1999
†Sinuitina multirugatus Cowper Reed 1906
†Sinuitina nudidorsa Rollins 1975
†Sinuitina oldhami Portlock 1843
†Sinuitina parva Yu 1980
†Sinuitina planilata Ebbestad and Yochelson 2000
†Sinuitina portulacoides Campbell and Engel 1963
†Sinuitina punjabica Reed 1944
†Sinuitina slavinka Horný 1962
†Sinuitina spinari Horný 1963
G. †Spirilira Pinilla et al. 2007
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†Sinuitina (Spirilira) gonzalezi Sabattini 1980
†Sinuitina (Spirilira) tenuis Pinilla et al. 2007
Subfm. †Temnodiscinae Horný 1962
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G. †Cyrtolitina Ulrich and Scofield 1897
G. †Eobucania Kobayashi 1955
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†Eobucania bohemica Horný 1997
†Eobucania mexicana Yochelson 1968
†Eobucania palinurus Billings 1865
†Eobucania pulchra Kobayashi 1955
†Eobucania subovatus Cleland 1900
G. †Peelerophon Yochelson 1982
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†Peelerophon hodites Ebbestad et al. 2013
†Peelerophon mergli Frýda 1988
†Peelerophon oehlerti Bergeron 1889
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Invalid names: Peelerophon cyrtoglypha Harrington 1938 [synonym], Peelerophon keideli Kobayashi 1935 [synonym]
G. †Peruniscus Horný 1962
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†Peruniscus cassinensis Whitfield 1886
†Peruniscus macer Billings 1865
†Peruniscus pusillus Perner 1903
†Peruniscus ramseyensis Hicks 1873
G. †Pharetrolites Wenz 1938
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†Pharetrolites bambachi Peel 1975
†Pharetrolites cristatus Perner 1903
†Pharetrolites elegans Koken and Perner 1925
†Pharetrolites murchisoni de Ferrusac and d'Orbigny 1840
†Pharetrolites pharetra Lindström 1884
†Pharetrolites tumidus Koken 1896
†Pharetrolites vostokovae Rohr et al. 1979
G. †Strepsodiscus Knight 1948
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†Strepsodiscus austrinus Pinilla et al. 2008
†Strepsodiscus franconiensis Berkey 1898
†Strepsodiscus hoyti Walcott 1890
†Strepsodiscus major Knight 1948
†Strepsodiscus minutissimus Walcott 1879
†Strepsodiscus pagoda Walcott 1905
†Strepsodiscus paucivoluta Calvin 1892
†Strepsodiscus praecursor Knight 1948
†Strepsodiscus shinetonensis Callaway 1877
†Strepsodiscus splettstoesseri Webers et al. 1992
†Strepsodiscus strongi Whitfield 1878
Invalid names: Chalarostrepsis Knight 1948 [synonym]
G. †Temnodiscus Koken 1896
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†Temnodiscus accola Koken 1896
†Temnodiscus arrosus Lindström 1884
†Temnodiscus euryomphalus Lindström 1884
†Temnodiscus eximius Perner 1903
†Temnodiscus fletcheri Reed 1921
†Temnodiscus imbricatus Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus ingricus Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus lamellifer Lindström 1884
†Temnodiscus minuta Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus nautilinus Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus nitidula Ulrich 1879
†Temnodiscus obliquus Lindström 1884
†Temnodiscus ogygiae Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus orbiculus Lindström 1884
†Temnodiscus parvus Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus pharetroides Chapman 1916
†Temnodiscus pleurogonus Koken and Perner 1925
†Temnodiscus salopiensis Reed 1921
†Temnodiscus secans Koken 1897
†Temnodiscus solitarius Reed 1921
†Temnodiscus suecicus Koken 1897
†Temnodiscus viator Koken and Perner 1925
G. †Tropidodiscus Meek and Worthen 1866
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Subg. †Tropidodiscus (Tropidodiscus) Meek and Worthen 1866
Subg. †Tropidodiscus (Umbilicatus) Fix 1975
†Tropidodiscus annularis Perner 1903
†Tropidodiscus antarcticus Clarke 1913
†Tropidodiscus arisaigensis Peel 1977
†Tropidodiscus carinatus Yoo 1994
†Tropidodiscus carnicus Spitz 1907
†Tropidodiscus centrifugulus Chapman 1916
†Tropidodiscus compticarinatus Linsley 1968
†Tropidodiscus cultricarinatus Linsley 1968
†Tropidodiscus curvilineatus Conrad 1842
†Tropidodiscus decussata Spitz 1907
†Tropidodiscus delanoui Oehlert and Oehlert 1888
†Tropidodiscus foliatus Cook 1995
†Tropidodiscus geyeri Frech 1894
†Tropidodiscus globosus Knod 1908
†Tropidodiscus imitator Koken 1889
†Tropidodiscus minimus Tschernischeff 1893
†Tropidodiscus minimus americanus Williams and Breger 1916
†Tropidodiscus nakazatensis Kase and Nishida 1986
†Tropidodiscus obex Clarke 1907
†Tropidodiscus phoenix Heidelberger 2001
†Tropidodiscus pragensis Horný 1963
†Tropidodiscus regularis Yü 1961
†Tropidodiscus rotula de Koninck 1883
†Tropidodiscus vesculilineatus Linsley 1968
†Tropidodiscus waratahensis Tassell 1978
Invalid names: Oxydiscus Koken 1889 [objective synonym], Tropidocyclus de Koninck 1882 [synonym]
G. †Vorticina Gordon and Yochelson 1987
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†Sinuitina (Vorticina) keytei Yochelson 1960
†Sinuitina (Vorticina) rugosiuscula Winchell 1862
†Sinuitina (Vorticina) taeniata Winchell 1862
†Sinuitina (Vorticina) venata Girty 1910
†Vorticina anneae Conkin 1957
†Vorticina cyrtolites Hall 1858
†Vorticina vortex Gordon and Yochelson 1987
G. †Westraliadiscus Cook 1999
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†Westraliadiscus robertsi Cook 1998
Invalid names: Ningbingia Cook 1998 [replaced]
G. †Zonidiscus Spitz 1907
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†Zonidiscus clemvillensis Northrop 1939
†Zonidiscus discus Lindström 1884
†Zonidiscus grayi Reed 1921
†Zonidiscus grayi shallochensis Reed 1921
†Zonidiscus incola Perner 1903
†Zonidiscus youngi Foerste 1889
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Steptoean to the top of the Variabilis or 497.00000 to 175.60000 Ma
Collections (2805 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Steptoean | USA (Minnesota) | Hypseloconus franconiensis, Euomphalus strongi (156300) | |
| Dresbachian | USA (Missouri) | Strepsodiscus major (9625 158316) | |
| Dresbachian | Antarctica (Elsemere Island) | Euomphalus splettstoesseri (99793 99795) | |
| Franconian | USA (Colorado) | Strepsodiscus major (56818) | |
| Furongian | Argentina | Strepsodiscus austrinus (85006 85007) | |
| Furongian | China (Shandong) | Pelagiella pagoda (157404) | |
| Sunwaptan | Canada (Quebec) | Chalarostrepsis praecursor (56819) | |
| Trempealeauan | USA (Missouri) | Strepsodiscus paucivoluta (8232 8695) | |
| Trempealeauan | USA (New York) | Pelagiella hoyti (74540) | |
| Payntonian | Australia (Tasmania) | Bellerophontida indet. (119429 119430) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Smithian | Pakistan | Stachella sp. (143630) Warthia hisakatsui (139083 139086 139141 139143 139150 140678 140683 140684) | |
| Smithian | Russian Federation | Warthia zakharovi (90220 221139) | |
| Smithian | Japan | Bellerophon asiaticus (115248) | |
| Smithian | Australia (Queensland) | Stachella sp. (44044 116736) | |
| Dienerian | Russian Federation | Bellerophon abrekensis (90209 90210) Bellerophon borealis (214749) Bellerophon sp. (214721) Warthia zakharovi (90218) | |
| Dienerian | Italy | Bellerophontidae indet. A (165120) | |
| Bithynian | China (Xizang) | Bellerophon dicellonematum (110244) | |
| Carnian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (164208) | |
| Julian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (144632) | |
| Variabilis | Hungary | Collina kampemorpha (108082) | |