PBDB Taxon

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Bivalvia (clam)

Bivalvia

Taxonomy

Bivalvia was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was assigned to Mollusca by Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988), Kennedy (1993), Barnes (1998), Gravestock et al. (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Giribet et al. (2006) and Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie (2008).

Subtaxa

Acturellina, Amosius, Amphikoilinae, Anomalodesmacea, Arhouriellidae, Asiphonidae, Asthenodonta, Aviculidae, Aviculomya, Bakewellia, Bathyspinulinae (syn. Spirulinae), Bleta, Bodmania, Burriera, Carnidia, Cirravidae, Claughtonia, Conchodus, Corbidae, Cruciella, Cryptodonta, Ctenolima, Delia, Edon, Elliptoidea, Ensia, Eoasmussia, Eubivalvia, Euburnopecten, Euprotobranchia, Fogiella, Fusidae, Gariidae, Geinitzia, Gibboconcha, Gosselettia, Guebhardia, Hemisterias, Isofilibranchia, Laubeia, Laurskiidae, Libyaconchus, Lux, Manankovia, Megagrypha, Modiolopsis praerupta, Neotaxodonta, Onkogrypha, Ostrea compta, Ostreavicula, Palaeoentolium, Palaeostrea, Paradoxia, Paraviculidae, Phaenomya, Phyllonia, Pleureterites, Plicatulacea, Praeanomalodontata, Praecardiomya, Praelamellodontidae, Praevicula, Prionodesmacea, Productae, Psammoconcha, Pteriomorpha, Ptychoplasma, Rebusum, Reniella, Rostrotortus, Septocardiidae, Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus, Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus, Solenomyidae, Spirodomidae, Stagnestesta, Taeniodon, Tatella, Teleodesmacea, Telistrophis, Trachidomia

Synonyms

Palaeoentolium is a genus. It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Bouchet et al. (2010).

It was assigned to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002).
Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus was named by Dana (1847). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wollongong Point, Illawarra (USNM coll), which is in a Wordian coastal siliciclastic in the Gerringong Formation of Australia.

It was recombined as Solecurtus ellipticus by Dana (1849); it was considered a nomen dubium by Etheridge (1919).
Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus was named by Dana (1847). Its type specimen is USNM 3631 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Harper's Hill, Hunter Valley (USNM coll), which is in a Sakmarian marine limestone in the Allandale Formation of Australia.

It was recombined as Solecurtus (Psammobia) planulatus by Dana (1849); it was considered a nomen dubium by Etheridge (1919) and Waterhouse (1988).
Modiolopsis praerupta was named by Dana (1847). Its type specimen is USNM 3667 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Illawarra District (USNM coll), which is in a Wordian coastal siliciclastic in the Gerringong Formation of Australia.

It was recombined as Cypricardia praerupta by Dana (1849); it was recombined as Stutchburia praerupta by Etheridge (1919); it was considered a nomen dubium by Waterhouse (1988).
Palaeostrea was named by Grabau (1936). Its type is Palaeostrea sinica.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Fang et al. (2009).

It was assigned to Ostreidae by Grabau (1936).
Ostrea compta was named by Goldfuss (1838).

It was recombined as Hinnites comtus by Giebel (1856); it was considered a nomen dubium by Hofmann and Hautmann (2013).
Asiphonidae was named by Choffat (1886). It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Bivalvia by Bouchet et al. (2010).
Pelecypoda was named by Goldfuss (1820).

It was synonymized objectively with Bivalvia by Newell (1969), Vokes (1980) and Giribet and Wheeler (2002).

It was assigned to Mollusca by Stanton (1895), Raymond (1916), Ward and Blackwelder (1987) and Shoshani et al. (1989).
Lamellibranchiata was named by Blainville.

It was synonymized subjectively with Bivalvia by Newell (1969) and Vokes (1980).
Bathyspinulinae was named by Coan and Scott (1997) [= Spirulinae Allen and Sanders 1982 [invalid; type genus is a juinor homonym] [Coan et al. 2000]]. It is extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Bivalvia by Bouchet et al. (2010).

It was assigned to Nuculanidae by Coan et al. (2000).
Spirulinae was named by Allen and Sanders (1982) [HISTORY: Invalid; type genus is a juinor homonym [Coan et al. 2000].]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Bathyspinulinae by Coan et al. (2000).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Bivalvia Linnaeus
1820	Pelecypoda Goldfuss
1838	Ostrea compta Goldfuss
1847	Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus Dana p. 153
1847	Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus Dana p. 153
1847	Modiolopsis praerupta Dana p. 159
1849	Solecurtus (Psammobia) planulatus Dana p. 686 figs. Pl 2, fig 10
1849	Solecurtus ellipticus Dana p. 686 figs. Pl 2, fig 9
1849	Cypricardia praerupta Dana p. 703 figs. Pl 8, fig 10
1856	Hinnites comtus Giebel
1886	Asiphonidae Choffat
1895	Pelecypoda Stanton p. 34
1916	Pelecypoda Raymond
1919	Stutchburia praerupta Etheridge Jr. p. 190
1936	Palaeostrea Grabau
1982	Spirulinae Allen and Sanders
1984	Bivalvia Squires p. 40
1987	Bivalvia Squires p. 54
1987	Pelecypoda Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1988	Bivalvia Squires p. 17
1989	Pelecypoda Shoshani et al. p. 435
1993	Bivalvia Kennedy p. 397
1997	Bathyspinulinae Coan and Scott
1998	Bivalvia Barnes p. 270
2000	Bathyspinulinae Coan et al. pp. 82, 91
2001	Bivalvia Gravestock et al. p. 200
2002	Bivalvia Sepkoski
2002	Palaeoentolium Sepkoski
2006	Bivalvia Giribet et al. p. 7724
2008	Bivalvia Hikuroa and Grant-Mackie

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia

Rank	Name	Author
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
class	Bivalvia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. Bivalvia Linnaeus 1758 [clam]

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G. †Acturellina

G. †Amosius González and Waterhouse 2004

†Amosius harringtoni González 1972

Fm. Arhouriellidae Geyer and Streng 1998

G. †Arhouriella Geyer and Streng 1998

†Arhouriella opheodontoides Geyer and Streng 1998

†Arhouriella thecoides Matthew 1899

G. †Aviculomya

G. †Bakevellia King 1848

†Gervillia sedgwickiana King 1848

G. †Bleta De Gregorio 1930

G. †Bodmania Miller and Faber 1894

G. †Burriera Laseron 1910

†Burriera dunii Laseron 1910

G. †Carnidia Bittner 1901

†Carnidia pannonica Bittner 1901

Fm. †Cirravidae Chernyshev 1935

G. †Cirravus Chernyshev 1935

G. †Claughtonia

G. †Conchodus Stoppani 1865

†Conchodus hungaricus Hoernes 1912

G. †Cruciella Koken 1913

G. †Ctenolima Fuersich and Werner 1988

G. †Delia

G. †Edon Miller 1877

†Edon oblonga Hall 1856

Invalid names: Cypricardella nucleata Hall 1856 [synonym]

G. †Elliptoidea Tasch 1961

†Elliptoidea vulgaris Tasch 1961

G. †Ensia De Gregorio 1930

Unr. Eubivalvia Carter 2011

Subcl. Autobranchia Groblen 1894

Infracl. Heteroconchia Gray 1854

Unr. Cardiomorphi Ferussac 1822

Unr. Cardioni Ferussac 1822

Unr. Carditioni Dall 1889

Subcl. Heterodonta Neumayr 1884

Or. Myoida Goldfuss 1820

Fm. †Rhaetidiidae Dominici and Danise 2024

Unr. Septibranchia Pelseneer 1888

Invalid names: Anomalodesmata Dall 1889 [empty], Carditoidea Fleming 1820 [empty]

Unr. Heterodonta Neumayr 1884

Invalid names: Orthonotida Pojeta 1978 [empty], Tanaodontidae Liu 1976 [empty]

Fm. †Lipanellidae Sánchez 2005

G. †Goniophorina Isberg 1934

Invalid names: Digoniomya Whidborne 1897 [synonym]

G. †Lipanella Sánchez 2005

G. †Paraphtonia Khalfin 1958

Unr. Uniomorphi Gray 1854

Fm. †Thoraliidae Morris 1980

Unr. Unioni Gray 1854

Invalid names: Archiheterodonta Giribet 2008 [empty], Eoastartella Chang 1980 [nomen nudum], Palaeoheterodonta Newell 1965 [empty], Parenia Biakov 2012 [nomen nudum], Paullia Schubert and Bottjer 1995 [nomen nudum]

Infracl. Pteriomorphia Beurlen 1944

Unr. Mytilomorphi Ferussac 1822

Or. †Colpomyida Carter 2011

Or. Mytilida Rafinesque 1815

Unr. Ostreomorphi Ferussac 1822

Unr. Arcioni Gray 1854

Fm. †Matheriidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979

Unr. Ostreioni Ferussac 1822

Invalid names: Ischyrodontidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]

Or. Pterioida Newell 1965

G. †Amuropecten

G. †Annulinectes Allasinaz 1972

G. †Arzelella

G. †Barehamia

G. †Canadotis

G. †Capedopecten

G. †Cleidochondrella Freneix and Lefevre 1967

G. †Colpentolium

G. †Cornutoentolium

G. †Costentolium Freneix 1980

G. †Cussetostrea

G. †Echinopecten Brasil 1895

G. †Entomonotis

G. †Euthymipecten

G. †Fibrosopecten

G. †Freneixita Stenzel 1971

G. †Freneixostrea

G. †Fylgia

G. †Gervilleiogoma

G. †Gervilletia

G. †Gondwanella

G. †Grabella

G. †Gryphaeligmus

G. †Ignara

G. †Indonectes

G. †Intodesma Popov 1958

G. †Jeletzkiella

G. †Kabyaipecten

G. †Kobayshites Hayami 1959

G. †Konbostrea

G. †Lentilla Conti and Monari 1992

G. †Lithioperna

G. †Loemmelella

G. †Lywcea

G. †Minervapecten

G. †Moussonella

G. †Mysidoptera Salomon 1895

G. †Neitheops Stewart 1930

G. †Neoentolium Romanov 1985

G. Notochlamy Cotton 1930

G. †Novaculaperma

G. †Opiotoptera

G. †Pacimonotis Grant-Mackie and Silberling 1990

G. †Periclaria

G. †Pichlerella

G. †Platygena

G. †Pomiropecten

G. †Praeaucellina

G. †Praebuchia

G. †Praesondylopecten

Fm. †Prospondylidea Ptchelincev 1960

G. †Protostrea Chen 1976

G. †Pseudogyra

G. †Pseudovola Lissajous 1923

Subor. †Pteriina Newell 1965

G. †Pterinoactinodesma

G. †Raricardium

G. †Rhyssomytiloides Hessel 1988

G. †Scythemtolium Allasinaz 1972

G. †Soleniscostrea

G. †Sorngyaceramus

G. †Spia

G. †Stappyersella Maillieux 1920

G. †Tarturia

G. †Titaonpecten

G. †Trematiconcha Newell and Boyd 1970

G. †Unica

G. †Uralopteria

G. †Vertinomia

G. †Xenium

Invalid names: Bakevellidae King 1850 [empty], Lamellotacea Horvath 1966 [empty], Pinnina Waller 1978 [empty], Pterioidina Newell 1965 [empty]

Invalid names: Prionodonta McNeil 1937 [empty]

Invalid names: Autolamellibranchiata Grobben 1894 [replaced], Cercomyidae Crickmay 1936 [empty]

Subcl. Protobranchia Pelseneer 1889

Fm. †Antactinodiontidae Guo 1980

G. †Antactinodion Guo 1980

†Antactinodion biradiatum Guo 1980

Superor. Nuculaniformii Carter et al. 2000

Or. †Afghanodesmatida Carter 2011

Superfm. †Afghanodesmatoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979

Superfm. †Tironuculoidea Babin 1982

Or. Nuculanida Carter et al. 2000

Superfm. Malletioidea Adams and Adams 1857

Superfm. Nuculanoidea Adams and Adams 1858

Invalid names: Nuculanacea Adams and A. 1858 [replaced]

Superor. Nuculiformii Dall 1889

Or. Nuculida Dall 1889

Fm. †Cardiolariidae Cope 1997

G. †Clinopista Meek and Worthen 1870

G. †Cnestriella

Superfm. †Ctenodontoidea Wohrmann 1893

Invalid names: Ctenodontacea Wöhrmann 1893 [replaced]

G. †Dysondonta Mansuy 1913

G. †Eonuculoma Klug et al. 2008

G. †Eritropsis Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

G. †Iheringinucula

G. †Kasachia Bazhenova 1971

G. †Leiodysodonta

G. †Lepteviella

G. †Menneroctenia

G. †Neiloides

Superfm. Nuculoidea Gray 1824

G. †Paleostraba Liljedahl 1984

G. †Phestioides Pojeta et al. 1986

Superfm. Pristiglomoidea Sanders and Allen 1973

G. †Pseudoleda Sanchez et al. 1995

G. †Pseudonuculana Pojeta et al. 1986

G. †Scyphoconcha Liu and Gu 1988

G. †Xiaoshuisulcna

G. †Zechania Pojeta and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977

Invalid names: Nuculacea Gray 1824 [empty], Phaseoloidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1971 [empty]

Or. †Nuculiformes Dall 1889

Invalid names: Radiidentoidei Scarlato and Starobogatov 1975 [empty]

Or. Solemyida Newell 1965

Superfm. Manzanelloidea Chronic 1952

Superfm. Solemyoidea Adams and Adams 1857

Invalid names: Solemyacea Gray 1840 [replaced]

Or. Solemyoida Dall 1889

Superfm. Archaracoidea Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979

Invalid names: Archaracidae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty]

Invalid names: Nucinelloidea Vokes 1956 [empty]

Invalid names: Palaeotaxodonta Korobkov 1954 [synonym], Sareptoidea Adams 1860 [empty]

G. †Euburnopecten Conrad 1865

Unr. †Euprotobranchia Nevesskaja 2009

Or. †Fordillida Pojeta 1975

Superfm. †Fordilloidea Pojeta 1975

Fm. †Camyidae Hinz-Schallreuter 2000

G. †Camya Hinz-Schallreuter 1995

Fm. †Fordillidae Pojeta 1975

G. †Fordilla Barrande 1881

G. †Pojetaia Jell 1980

Invalid names: Buluniella Jermak 1986 [synonym], Jellia Li and Zhou 1986 [synonym], Oryzoconcha He and Pei 1985 [synonym]

G. †Fogiella Krumbeck 1913

†Fogiella deningeri Krumbeck 1913

G. †Geinitzia Gemmellaro 1896

†Geinitzia carinata Gemmellaro 1896

†Geinitzia catherinae Gemmellaro 1896

†Geinitzia frangiata de Gregorio 1930

G. †Gibboconcha De Gregorio 1930

G. †Gosselettia Conrad

†Gosselettia triquetra Hall 1884

G. †Guebhardia

G. †Hemisterias

G. †Laubeia Bittner 1895

†Laubeia strigilata Bittner 1895

Fm. †Laurskiidae Khalfin 1948

G. †Laurskia Khalfin 1948

G. †Libyaconchus

G. Lux Chemnitz 1782

G. †Manankovia Astafieva-Urbaytis 1983

G. †Megagrypha

G. †Onkogrypha

G. †Ostreavicula

G. †Paradoxia Krumbeck 1923

†Paradoxia timorensis Krumbeck 1923

G. †Phyllonia

G. †Pleureterites

G. †Praecardiomya

Fm. †Praelamellodontidae Zhang 1980

G. †Praelamellodonta Zhang 1980

†Praelamellodonta elegansa Zhang 1980

G. †Praevicula

G. †Productae Tasch 1961

†Productae dunbaris Tasch 1961

G. †Psammoconcha Tommasi 1896

G. †Ptychoplasma Fenton and Fenton 1937

G. †Rebusum De Gregorio 1930

G. Reniella Swainson 1840

G. †Rostrotortus Tasch 1961

†Rostrotortus dissimilis Tasch 1961

Fm. †Spirodomidae Miller 1889

G. †Spirodomus Beecher 1886

G. †Stagnestesta Tasch 1961

†Stagnestesta solitaria Tasch 1961

G. †Taeniodon Dunker 1848

†Taeniodon praecursor Schloenbach 1862

G. †Tatella

G. †Telistrophis

G. †Trachidomia

Invalid names: Amphikoilinae Novozhilov 1953 [empty], Asiphonidae Choffat 1886 [invalid subgroup], Asthenodonta [empty], Bathyspinulinae Coan and Scott 1997 [invalid subgroup], Cryptodonta Neumayr 1884 [empty], Isofilibranchia Iredale 1939 [empty], Lamellibranchiata Blainville [synonym], Modiolopsis praerupta Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Neotaxodonta Korobkov 1954 [empty], Ostrea compta Goldfuss 1838 [nomen dubium], Palaeoentolium [nomen nudum], Palaeostrea Grabau 1936 [nomen dubium], Paraviculidae Gugenberger 1935 [empty], Pelecypoda Goldfuss 1820 [synonym], Pteriomorpha Beurlan 1944 [empty], Septocardiidae Kafanov and Starobogatov 1977 [empty], Solen (Solecurtus) ellipticus Dana 1847 [nomen dubium], Solen (Solecurtus) planulatus Dana 1847 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available