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Holothuroidea (sea cucumber)
Taxonomy
Holothuridea was named by de Blainville (1834). It is extant.
It was reranked as the class Holothuroidea by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Barnes (1998), Boczarowski (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Jell (2010) and Nanglu et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Echinodermata by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Barnes (1998), Sepkoski (2002) and Jell (2010); and to Echinozoa by Boczarowski (2001) and Nanglu et al. (2023).
It was reranked as the class Holothuroidea by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Barnes (1998), Boczarowski (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Jell (2010) and Nanglu et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Echinodermata by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Frizzell and Exline (1966), Barnes (1998), Sepkoski (2002) and Jell (2010); and to Echinozoa by Boczarowski (2001) and Nanglu et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Acanthocaudina, Achistrulidae, Alexandritidae, Apodacea, Apodida, Arthrochirota, Arthrochirotida, Aspidochirotacea, Aspidochirotida, Bogschites, Calcancorellidae, Canisiidae, Chiridotitidae, Conisia, Crucivirga, Dactylochirotida, Dendrochirotacea, Dendrochirotida, Elasipodida, Etheridgellidae, Harinellites, Irinella, Kaliobullitidae, Kozurellidae, Kuehnitidae, Laetmophasma, Leptosynapta, Molpadiida, Ocellothuria, Palelpidiidae, Paractinopoda, Placerotapis, Priscopedatidae, Protocaudinidae, Punctatitidae, Rotiformidae, Sclerothurites, Semperitidae, Stichopitidae, Synaptellidae, Tetravirga, Theeliidae, Thyonidium, Triradites
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1915 | Holothuroidea Clark and Twitchell p. 177 |
| 1966 | Holothuroidea Frizzell and Exline p. U641 |
| 1998 | Holothuroidea Barnes p. 313 |
| 2001 | Holothuroidea Boczarowski p. 117 |
| 2002 | Holothuroidea Sepkoski |
| 2010 | Holothuroidea Jell p. 30 |
| 2023 | Holothuroidea Nanglu et al. p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]
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Fm. †Alexandritidae Kristan-Tollmann 1964
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Or. Apodida Brandt 1835
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Fm. †Achistridae Frizzell and Exline 1955
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G. †Achistrum Etheridge 1881
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†Achistrum beckmanni Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Achistrum brevis Gutschick 1959
†Achistrum brevis Mostler 1971
†Achistrum coloculum Gutschick et al. 1967
†Achistrum frizzelli Langenheim and Epis 1957
†Achistrum gamma Hodson et al. 1956
†Achistrum issleri Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Achistrum longirostrum Mostler 1971
†Achistrum ludwigi Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Achistrum monochordata Hodson et al. 1956
+
Invalid names: Achistrum bartensteini Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym], Achistrum bichordata Fletcher 1962 [synonym], Calcligula huckei Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym]
†Achistrum multiperforatum Beckmann 1965
†Achistrum nicholsoni Etheridge 1881
†Achistrum permianum Spandel 1898
†Achistrum pulchrum Kozur 1969
†Achistrum triassicum Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Achistrum tuto Boczarowski 2001
†Achistrum varicum Boczarowski 2001
Invalid names: Achistrum (Achistrum) Hampton 1958 [invalid subgroup], Achistrum (Aduncrum) Hampton 1958 [invalid subgroup], Achistrum (Cancellrum) Hampton 1958 [invalid subgroup], Achistrum (Spinrum) Hampton 1958 [invalid subgroup], Ancistrum Bather 1900 [synonym]
Fm. †Calcancoridae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Costigerites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
Costigerites indicus Soodan 1991
†Costigerites piveteaui Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Fm. Chiridotidae Ostergren 1898
+
G. Theelia Schlumberger 1890
+
†Theelia alta Speckmann 1968
†Theelia alveata Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Theelia anguinea Mostler 1971
†Theelia conglobata Mostler 1971
†Theelia crassidentata Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Theelia dentata Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Theelia doreckae Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Theelia dzhulfaensis Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Theelia fastigata Mostler 1972
†Theelia fissa Mostler 1971
†Theelia florida Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Theelia guembeli Kristan-Tollmann 1963
†Theelia hexacneme Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Theelia immissorbicula Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Theelia subcirculata Mostler 1968 [synonym], Theelia thalattocanthoides Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Theelia koeveskalensis Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Theelia kutscheri Reich 2003
†Theelia lata Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Theelia latimarginata Mostler 1971
†Theelia liassica Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Theelia liptovskaensis Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Theelia loferensis Mostler 1994
†Theelia mesopermiana Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Theelia monicae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Theelia mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Theelia multiplex Speckmann 1968
†Theelia multiundulata Mostler 1994
†Theelia norica Mostler 1969
†Theelia petasiformis Kristan-Tolmann 1964
†Theelia planata Mostler 1968
†Theelia polydenticulata Mostler and Parwin 1973
†Theelia praeacuta Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Theelia praenorica Kozur and Mock 1972
†Theelia praeseniradiata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Theelia pseudoplanata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Theelia seniradiata Zankl 1966
†Theelia serta Speckmann 1968
†Theelia sinaiensis Said and Barakat 1958
†Theelia speciosa Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Theelia staurolithensis Kristan-Tollmann 1972
†Theelia stellifera Zankl 1966
†Theelia stellifera bistellata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Theelia synapta Gilliland 1992
†Theelia teneromarginata Mostler 1971
†Theelia trammeri Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Theelia undata Mostler 1968
†Theelia undulata Schlumberger 1888
†Theelia variabilis Zankl 1966
†Theelia variabilis slovakensis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Theelia wartensis Garbowska and Wierzbowski 1967
†Theelia zawidzkae Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Holothuriopsis Hess 1973
Fm. Myriotrochidae Théel 1877
+
G. †Acanthotheelia Frizzell and Exline 1955
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†Acanthotheelia angustiperforata Mostler 1971
†Acanthotheelia anisica Mostler 1968
†Acanthotheelia diffissa Mostler 1972
†Acanthotheelia helios Kozur and Mock 1972
†Acanthotheelia ladinica Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Acanthotheelia pseudospinosa Kozur and Mock 1972
†Acanthotheelia pulchra Kozur and Mock 1972
†Acanthotheelia rhaetica Kristan-Tolmann 1964
†Acanthotheelia spinosa Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Acanthotheelia triassica Speckmann 1968
†Acanthotheelia veghae Kozur and Mostler 1971
G. †Gagesiniotrochus Boczarowski 2001
+
†Gagesiniotrochus astralis Boczarowski 2001
†Gagesiniotrochus billetti Boczarowski 2001
G. †Hemisphaeranthos Terquem and Berthelin 1875
+
†Hemisphaeranthos costifera Terquem and Berthelin 1875
†Hemisphaeranthos frankei Müller 1912
†Hemisphaeranthos ogrodzieniecensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Hemisphaeranthos simplex Müller 1964
Unr. †Paleochiridotidae Frizzell and Exline 1966
+
G. †Paleochiridota Croneis and McCormack 1932
+
†Paleochiridota plummerae Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Paleochiridota primaeva Etheridge 1881
†Paleochiridota radiata Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Paleochiridota robertsoni Etheridge 1881
†Paleochiridota terquemi Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Paleochiridota waylandensis Croneis and McCormack 1932
G. †Rotoides Gutschick et al. 1967
+
†Rotoides imperforata Gutschick et al. 1967
†Rotoides tretomesota Gutschick et al. 1967
G. Myriotrochus Steenstrup 1851
G. †Porachistrum Beckmann 1965
Fm. Synaptidae Burmeister 1837
+
G. Calcancora Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Calcancora kistnai Jafar 1970
†Calcancora mississippiensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Calcancora venusta Reich and Wiese 2010
G. Chiridota Eschscholtz 1829
+
†Cheirodota traquairii Etheridge 1881
†Chiridota atava Waagen 1867
†Chirodota vetusa Schwager 1865
G. †Prosynapta Spandel 1898
G. †Pseudocaudina Broili 1926
G. †Rigaudites Frizzell and Exline 1957
+
†Rigaudites cuvillieri Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Rigaudites ernsti Reich and Wiese 2010
Rigaudites indicus Soodan 1977
Rigaudites rajui Soodan 1977
Rigaudites sastrii Soodan 1977
Rigaudites singhi Soodan 1977
Rigaudites subcircularia Soodan 1977
G. Synapta Eschscholtz 1829
Fm. †Synaptitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Auricularites Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
+
†Auricularites arcuatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Auricularites parviradiatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
G. †Croneisites Frizzell and Exline 1957
+
†Croneisites insignis Kristan-Tollmann 1964
†Croneisites laevigatus Schlumberger 1890
†Croneisites oligocaenicus Spandel 1900
†Croneisites polonicus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
G. Synaptites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Synaptites circularis Schlumberger 1890
†Synaptites cunninghami Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Synaptites eocenus Schlumberger 1888
†Synaptites renifer Schlumberger 1890
†Synaptites stueri Schlumberger 1890
†Synaptites truncatus Schlumberger 1890
Or. †Arthrochirotida Seilacher 1961
+
Fm. †Palaeocucumariidae Frizzell and Exline 1966
+
G. †Palaeocucumaria Lehmann 1958
+
†Palaeocucumaria ancile Boczarowski 2001
†Palaeocucumaria delicata Boczarowski 2001
†Palaeocucumaria hunsrueckiana Lehmann 1958
Or. Aspidochirotida Brandt 1835
+
Fm. Holothuriidae Ludwig 1894
+
G. †Holothuria Linnaeus 1767
+
Subg. †Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) Rowe 1969
Subg. †Holothuria (Cystipus) Haacke 1880
Subg. †Holothuria (Halodeima) Pearson 1914
Subg. †Holothuria (Holothuria) Linnaeus 1767
Subg. †Holothuria (Lessonothuria) Deichmann 1958
Subg. †Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) Deichmann 1958
Subg. †Holothuria (Metriatyla) Rowe 1969
Subg. †Holothuria (Microthele) Brandt 1835
Subg. †Holothuria (Platyperona) Rowe 1969
Subg. †Holothuria (Selenkothuria) Deichmann 1958
Subg. †Holothuria (Semperothuria) Deichmann 1958
Subg. †Holothuria (Stauropora) Rowe 1969
Subg. †Holothuria (Theelothuria) Deichmann 1958
Subg. †Holothuria (Thymiosycia) Pearson 1914
Subg. †Holothuria (Vaneyothuria) Deichmann 1958
G. †Labidodemas Selenka 1867
G. †Protholothuria Giebel 1857
G. †Holothuropsis
G. †Ornaticannula Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Ornaticannula bonhourei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula micralcyonarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula solida Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Ornaticannula tesseyrei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Parvispina Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
+
†Parvispina harpago Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Parvispina spinosa Frizzell and Exline 1955
Fm. Synallactidae Ludwig 1894
+
Invalid names: Stichopodidae [empty]
Fm. †Chiridotitidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1957
+
G. †Chiridotites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
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†Chiridotites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites atavus Waagen 1867
†Chiridotites clavatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites curriculum Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites floridus Terquem and Berthelin 1875
†Chiridotites ingens Joshua 1914
†Chiridotites lanceolatus Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites quinquelobatus Terquem 1866
†Chiridotites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites vetustus Schwager 1865
G. †Myriotrochites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Myriotrochites gracillimus Whidborne 1883
†Myriotrochites helveticus Kübler and Zwingli 1870
†Myriotrochites operculum Schlumberger 1890
G. †Conisia
G. †Crucivirga
Or. Dactylochirotida Pawson and Fell 1965
+
Fm. Ypsilothuriidae Heding 1942
+
Invalid names: Rhopalodinidae Theel 1886 [empty], Vaneyellidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty]
Or. Dendrochirotida Grube 1840
+
G. †Andenothyone
G. Binoculites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
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†Binoculites barnardi Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Binoculites issleri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Binoculites jurassica Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites multiperforata Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites perforatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Binoculites irregularis Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym], Calclamna germanica Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym]
†Binoculites tornatus Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Cucumariopsis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Fm. †Calclamnidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
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G. †Calclamna Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Calclamna bekanernsis Soodan 1980
†Calclamna britannica Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamna fletcheri Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamna intermedia Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamna misiki Kozur and Mock 1972
†Calclamna norica Kozur and Mock 1972
†Calclamna nuda Mostler 1971
†Calclamna prebritannica Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamna trettoensis Mostler 1980
†Calclamna triangularis Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamna turoniansis Sadeddin and Saqqa 1997
†Calclamna wrighti Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Calclamnella Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Calclamnella clavata Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Calclamnella consona Mostler and Parwin 1973
†Calclamnella elliptica Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Calclamnella elongata Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Calclamnella foliosa Mostler 1971
†Calclamnella fragosa Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Calclamnella fusiformis Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Calclamnella irregularis Schlumberger 1890
†Calclamnella oweni Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamnella permotriassica Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Calclamnella ramosa Mostler 1971
†Calclamnella robusta Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Calclamnella transversa Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Calclamnella triperforata Mostler 1971
†Calclamnella venusta Mostler 1972
Subfm. †Calclamninae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Calclamnoidea Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Calclamnoidea ausini Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Calclamnoidea canalifera Kristan-Tollmann 1963
†Calclamnoidea collaris Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Calclamnoidea crassomarginata Kristan-Tollmann 1972
G. †Elgerius Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
+
Elgerius indicus Soodan 1991
†Elgerius inniensis Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Elgerius ostrea Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
Subfm. †Eocaudiniinae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Eocaudina Martin 1952
+
†Eocaudina acanthica Mostler 1972
Eocaudina angulata Soodan 1977
Eocaudina bombayensis Soodan 1977
†Eocaudina cassianensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
Eocaudina circularia Soodan 1991
†Eocaudina columcanthus Gutschick et al. 1967
†Eocaudina concentrica Langer 1991
†Eocaudina crassa Mostler 1972
†Eocaudina gornensis Matyja et al. 1973
Eocaudina gowdai Soodan 1977
†Eocaudina gutschicki Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Eocaudina hexagona Kristan-Tollmann 1963
Eocaudina hexagona Soodan 1977
Eocaudina indica Soodan 1977
†Eocaudina insolica Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
Eocaudina jaffari Soodan 1977
†Eocaudina liassica Mostler 1972
†Eocaudina liptovskaensis Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Eocaudina longa Kozur and Mock 1972
†Eocaudina marginata Langenheim and Epis 1957
†Eocaudina mccormacki Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Eocaudina mostleri Kozur and Mock 1972
†Eocaudina ovalis Matyja et al. 1973
†Eocaudina patella Boczarowski 2001
Eocaudina pentagona Soodan 1991
†Eocaudina plaga Boczarowski 2001
†Eocaudina ramosa Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Eocaudina rimosa Boczarowski 2001
†Eocaudina septaforaminalis Martin 1952
+
Invalid names: Protocaudina hexagonaria Martin 1952 [synonym]
†Eocaudina subhexagona Gutschick et al. 1967
†Eocaudina subquadrata Mostler 1971
†Eocaudina subrotunda Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Fissobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1963
+
†Fissobactrites inusitata Kozur and Mostler 1971
†Fissobractites subsymmetrica Kristan-Tollmann 1963
G. †Hodsonina Soodan and Whatley 1990
+
†Hodsonina intermedia Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Hodsonina spathi Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Mortensenites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Mortensenites circularis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Mortensenites cuneus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Mortensenites elongatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Mortensenites liasicus Terquem 1866
†Mortensenites sievertsi Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
G. †Pachopsites Kristan-Tollmann 1964
G. †Paracucumarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Paracucumarites anceps Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Paracucumarites hamptoni Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Paracucumarites porosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Paracucumarites similis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
G. †Petropegia Summerson and Campbell 1958
+
†Petropegia radiata Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Petropegia spinosa Summerson and Campbell 1958
G. †Praecaudina Mostler 1970
+
†Praecaudina hexagona Mostler 1970
†Praecaudina mostleri Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Praecaudina rigaudae Mostler 1970
G. †Thuroholia Gutschick 1954
+
†Thuroholia cribriformis Gutschick 1954
†Thuroholia crinerensis Reso and Wegner 1964
†Thuroholia croneisi Gutschick 1954
†Thuroholia floydensis Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Thuroholia irregularis Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Thuroholia overbrookensis Reso and Wegner 1964
†Thuroholia spicatus Gutschick 1959
†Thuroholia wanlessi Summerson and Campbell 1958
G. †Yorkshirella Soodan and Whatley 1990
+
†Yorkshirella adamsi Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella ageri Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella arkelli Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella bifurcata Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella etheridgei Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella lordi Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Yorkshirella rectangularia Soodan and Whatley 1990
Fm. †Cucumariidae
+
G. Cucumaria de Blainville 1830
Subfm. †Devonothyoninae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Devonothyonites Langer 1991
+
†Devonothyonites accipitris Boczarowski 2001
†Devonothyonites avis Boczarowski 2001
†Devonothyonites exporrigus Boczarowski 2001
†Devonothyonites polymorphus Boczarowski 2001
†Devonothyonites spiritus Boczarowski 2001
†Devonothyonites triangularis Langer 1991
†Devonothyonites tudorowiensis Boczarowski 2001
Subfm. †Palaeohemioedemiinae Boczarowski 2001
+
Subfm. †Staurocaudininae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Mercedescaudina Schallreuter 1975
+
†Mercedescaudina langeri Boczarowski 2001
†Mercedescaudina mostleri Schallreuter 1975
†Mercedescaudina triperforata Schallreuter 1968
G. †Staurocaudina Boczarowski 2001
+
†Staurocaudina canina Boczarowski 2001
†Staurocaudina dombrowiana Boczarowski 2001
Fm. Heterothyonidae Pawson 1970
+
G. †Priscoligula
G. †Priscopedatoides
Fm. Psolidae Perrier 1902
+
G. †Ceto Gistel 1848
Subfm. †Monilipsolinae Smith and Gallemi 1991
+
G. †Psolidum Ludwig 1886
G. †Psolus Oken 1815
Fm. †Schlumbergeritidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
Invalid names: Placothuriidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty], Sclerodactylidae [empty]
Or. Elasipodida Théel 1882
+
Fm. †Palaeocaudinidae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Palaeocaudina Boczarowski 1997
+
†Palaeocaudina acmaea Matyja 1972
†Palaeocaudina hannai Croneis and McCormack 1932
†Palaeocaudina kansasensis Hanna 1930
†Palaeocaudina regia Boczarowski 2001
Invalid names: Deimatidae [empty], Elpidiidae Theel 1882 [empty], Laetmogonidae Ekman 1926 [empty], Pelagothuriidae Ludwig 1893 [empty], Psychropotidae [empty]
Fm. †Etheridgellidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Dictyobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1972
G. †Etheridgella Croneis and McCormack 1932
+
†Etheridgella biconvexa Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Etheridgella pentagonia Kristan-Tollmann 1963
†Etheridgella porosa Croneis and McCormack 1932
G. †Frizzellus Hampton 1958
+
†Frizzellus donofrioi Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Frizzellus irregularis Hampton 1958
Fm. †Kuehnitidae Mostler 1968
+
G. †Kuehnites Mostler 1968
+
†Kuehnites aequiperforatus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites andrusovi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Kuehnites dumosus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites hallstattensis Mostler 1971
†Kuehnites inaequalis Mostler 1969
†Kuehnites serratus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites slovakensis Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Kuehnites spiniperforatus Zawidzka 1971
†Kuehnites turgidus Mostler 1972
G. Laetmophasma Ludwig 1894
Or. Molpadiida Haeckel 1896
+
Fm. †Exlinellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
Fm. Molpadiidae Müller 1850
+
G. Calcligula Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Calcligula ansorgei Reich 2003
†Calcligula costata Reich 2003
†Calcligula cretacea Reich 2003
†Calcligula elgeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Calcligula ficta Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Calcligula frenzeli Reich 2003
†Calcligula gracilis Reich 2003
†Calcligula jurassica Said and Barakat 1958
†Calcligula liguliformis Kristan-Tollmann 1972
†Calcligula perforata Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Molpadia Risso 1826 [rat-tailed sea cucumber]
G. †Priscolongatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
+
†Priscolongatus obliquobrachiatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscolongatus quadriperforatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
Invalid names: Caudinidae [empty], Gephyrothuriidae [empty]
Fm. †Priscopedatidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Brianella Huddleston 1982
+
†Brianella acuta Soodan 1975
†Brianella giganta Soodan 1975
Invalid names: Fletcherina Soodan 1975 [replaced]
G. †Centripedatus Mostler 1996
+
†Centripedatus callosus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus inaequiperforatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus scheibelbergensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus undulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus unkenensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. Dictyothurites Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
+
†Dictyothurites corbisema Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Dictyothurites spatuligerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
G. Feddenella Soodan 1975
G. †Hexapriscopedatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
+
†Hexapriscopedatus reichi Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subcircularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subquadratus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
G. †Kristanella Krainer and Mostler 1997
+
†Kristanella latidentata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Kristanella liassica Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Octopedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Octopedatus densusmaculis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Praethyonidium Mostler 1996
G. Priscopedatus Schlumberger 1890
+
†Priscopedatus acutus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus aegyptiacus Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus affinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Priscopedatus anceps Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus anguliferus Zankl 1966
†Priscopedatus apertus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus apertus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus artus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus aspergillum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus asymmetricus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus batoniensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bogschi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus bolkoviensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bullatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus buno Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus concameratus Mostler 1980
†Priscopedatus conspicuus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Priscopedatus corolla Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crassus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus crassus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus cribellum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crux Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus denticulatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus dumosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus echinatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus eiffeli Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus elliptiferus Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus elongatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus exlineae Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus foliosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus frizzelli Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus guyaderi Rioult 1959
†Priscopedatus heteroporus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus hystrix Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus illyricus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus incisus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus inflexus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus jaworznicensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus kozuri Mostler 1970
†Priscopedatus margaritatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus mostleri Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus multiangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus multiforaminis Al-Tamimi et al. 2001
†Priscopedatus multiforis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus multiformis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus nawarensis Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus normani Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus normannus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus octoperforatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus orbiculatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus parvulus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus pentaradiatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus perpusillus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus ploechingeri Mostler 1969
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus hernsteini Mostler 1969 [synonym]
†Priscopedatus procerus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus propinquus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus pseudaffinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus pyramidalis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus quinquespinosus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Priscopedatus radiatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus slovakensis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus spectabilis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus spiniferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus stellatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus triangularis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus triangularis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus triangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus triassicus Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus tyrolensis Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus variabilis Mostler 1972
G. †Prisculatrites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Prisculatrites deflandreae Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Prisculatrites lansulata Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites lobatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Prisculatrites sinuatus Reich 2003
†Prisculatrites subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites triceratium Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Prisculatrites tricostatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Sastriella Soodan 1975
G. †Septapedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Septapedatus palestiniensis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Spinopriscopedatus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
+
†Spinopriscopedatus magnispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus quadratus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus salhoubensis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Spinopriscopedatus subtriangularis Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus unispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
G. †Staurocumites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Staurocumites bartensteini Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus acanthicus Mostler 1968 [synonym], Priscopedatus staurocumitoides Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Staurocumites horridus Mostler 1968
†Staurocumites tetraporatus Kozur and Mostler 1989
Fm. †Semperitidae Mostler 1970
+
G. †Biacumina Mostler 1970
+
†Biacumina aequibrachiata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina inconstans Mostler 1970
†Biacumina latiareata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina nasiformis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina rara Mostler 1972
†Biacumina rariperforata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Biacumina spinosa Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Semperites Mostler 1970
+
†Semperites longiramosus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Semperites radiatus Mostler 1971
†Semperites subtilis Mostler 1970
†Semperites ungersteinensis Mostler 1970
Fm. †Stichopitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. Cucumarites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Cucumarites ambiguus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites compactus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentigerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diplococcus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diversimeatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dubius Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites feifeli Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites heteroporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites holsaticus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites inflatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites microporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites mortenseni Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites nigrivaccae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Mostler 1972
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites proteus Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites punctiferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites radiatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites robustus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites scaber Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Cucumarites soodanii Kalita et al. 2002
†Cucumarites sparsispinosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites speciosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites spitiensis Soodan 1986
†Cucumarites squamma Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites undatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Invalid names: Procucumaria Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Jagdipina Soodan 1986
+
†Jagdipina curta Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Jagdipina triassica Soodan 1986
G. †Praeeuphronides Mostler 1967
+
†Praeeuphronides complexus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Praeeuphronides concavus Mostler 1971
†Praeeuphronides crassirimosus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides latus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides multiperforata Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides multiperforatus Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides robustus Mostler 1970
†Praeeuphronides simplex Mostler 1969
G. †Punctatites Mostler 1968
+
†Punctatites aequiperforatus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Punctatites angulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites appensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites cruciformis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites dracoformis Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Calclamnella symmetrica Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Punctatites extensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites folliculus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites incurvatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites longirameus Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Uncinulinoides diffissus Mostler 1971 [synonym]
†Punctatites polymorphus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites tetrabrachiatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites triangularis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites triplex Mostler 1972
†Punctatites triradiatus Mostler 1968
G. †Rhabdotites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Rhabdotites dorsetensis Hodson et al. 1956
+
Invalid names: Rhabdotites bifidus Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites divergens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites irregularis Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites tridens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym]
†Rhabdotites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Rhabdotites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
Invalid names: Chirobaculus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. Stichopites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Stichopites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Prostichopus jurensis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Invalid names: Prostichopus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Thenuisites Mostler 1970
+
†Thenuisites multipartitus Mostler 1970
†Thenuisites trisulcus Mostler 1970
G. Uncinulina Terquem 1862
+
†Uncinulina acanthica Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina arcuata Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Uncinulina compressa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina gordoni Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Uncinulina gracilis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina levis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina lunata Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Uncinulina parvispinosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina polymorpha Terquem 1862
Invalid names: Ambulacrites Rioult 1961 [synonym]
G. †Uncinulinoides Mostler 1968
+
†Uncinulinoides alternata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides hastata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides porosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides regularis Mostler 1968
Fm. †Synaptellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Spandelites Frizzell and Exline 1957
+
†Spandelites arcuatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Spandelites irregularis Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Spandelites lehmani Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Synaptellus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Tetravirga etheridgei Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga fordelensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga gracilis Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga imperforata Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga liassica Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga perforata Mostler 1968
Fm. Theeliidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Jumaraina Soodan 1977
+
†Jumaraina germanica Kozur 1969
†Jumaraina haynesi Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Jumaraina indica Soodan 1977
†Jumaraina planorbicula Mostler 1968
†Jumaraina rinconensis Huddleston et al. 1986
†Jumaraina simoni Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Lawsonina Soodan and Whatley 1988
+
†Lawsonina huntingdonshirensis Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Lawsonina multiradiata Soodan and Whatley 1988
G. Stueria Schlumberger 1888
+
†Stueria blakei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria elegans Schlumberger 1888
†Stueria hendersoni Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria intercessus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Stueria jumaraensis Soodan 1972
†Stueria kashimi Soodan 1972
†Stueria malmensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Stueria moorei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria multiradiata Mostler 1971
†Stueria raoi Soodan 1972
G. Thyonidium Düren and Koren 1846
G. †Triradites Mostler 1969
+
†Triradites communis Mostler 1969
†Triradites transitus Kozur and Mock 1972
Invalid names: Apodacea [empty], Arthrochirota Seilacher 1961 [empty], Aspidochirotacea [empty], Dendrochirotacea [empty], Paractinopoda [empty], Protocaudinidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962 [empty], Punctatitidae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976 [empty], Rotiformidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1950 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available