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Gorgonopsia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1876Cynodraco Owen
1876Cynodraco major Owen
1894Gorgonopsia Seeley pp. 225, 226
1895Gorgonopsia Seeley
1905Cyniscodon Broom
1905Cyniscodon lydekkeri Broom
1913Cynodraco Broom
1913Cynodraco serridens Broom
1913Scymnorhinus planiceps Broom
1920Broomisaurus planiceps Joleaud
1928Cynodraco Perrier p. 3085
1928Cynodraco major Perrier p. 3085
1930Cynarioides gracilis Broom
1935Scylacognathus major Broom
1946Gorgonopsia Kuhn p. 57
1948Hipposaurus kitchingi Broom
1952Pseudhipposaurus kitchingi Boonstra p. 145
1954Gorgonopsia Haughton and Brink p. 6
1954Gorgonopsia Huene p. 31
1966Gorgonopsia Olson p. 302
1969Gorgonopsia Boonstra
1974Gorgonopsia Olson p. 28
1982Gorgonopsia Kemp p. 348
1988Gorgonopsia Carroll
1989Gorgonopsia Gauthier et al. p. 341
1989Broomisaurus planiceps Sigogneau-Russell
1989Gorgonopsia Sigogneau-Russell
2000Gorgonopsia Battail and Surkov
2001Gorgonopsia Rubidge and Sidor
2003Gorgonopsia Ivakhnenko
2016Gorgonopsia Kammerer

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
RankNameAuthor
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
suborderGorgonopsia
suborderGorgonopsia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Gorgonopsia Seeley 1894
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G. †Cerdodon Broom 1915
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†Cerdodon tenuidens Broom 1915
G. †Cyniscops Broom 1937
G. †Dixeya Haughton 1926
G. †Eriphostoma Broom 1911
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†Eriphostoma microdon Broom 1911
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Invalid names: Eoarctops vanderbyli Haughton 1929 [synonym], Galesuchus gracilis Haughton 1915 [synonym], Scylacognathus parvus Broom 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eoarctops Haughton 1929 [synonym], Galesuchus Haughton 1915 [synonym], Scylacognathus Broom 1913 [synonym]
Infraor. †Estemmenosuchida Ivakhnenko 2003
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Superfm. †Rhopalodontoidea Seeley 1894
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Fm. †Estemmenosuchidae Tchudinov 1960
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G. †Estemmenosuchus Chudinov 1960
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†Estemmenosuchus mirabilis Tchudinov 1968
†Estemmenosuchus uralensis Chudinov 1960
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Invalid names: Anoplosuchus tenuirostris Tchudinov 1968 [synonym], Zopherosuchus luceus Chudinov 1983 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anoplosuchus Tchudinov 1968 [synonym], Zopherosuchus Chudinov 1983 [synonym]
G. †Molybdopygus Tchudinov 1964
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†Molybdopygus arcanus Tchudinov 1964
Fm. †Rhopalodontidae Seeley 1894
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G. †Parabradysaurus Efremov 1954
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†Parabradysaurus silantjevi Ivakhnenko 1995
G. †Phthinosaurus Efremov 1940
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†Phthinosaurus borissiaki Efremov 1940
G. †Rhopalodon Fischer von Waldheim 1841
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†Rhopalodon wangenheimi Fischer von Waldheim 1841
Invalid names: Burnetioidea Broom 1923 [empty]
Infraor. †Gorgonopida Ivakhnenko 2003
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Superfm. †Rubidgeoidea Broom 1938
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Fm. †Inostranceviidae Huene 1948
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G. †Inostrancevia Amalitski 1922
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†Inostrancevia africana Kammerer et al. 2023
†Inostrancevia alexandri Amalitski 1922
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Invalid names: Inostrancevia proclivis Pravoslavlev 1927 [synonym]
†Inostrancevia latifrons Pravoslavlev 1927
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Invalid names: Amalitzkia annae Pravoslavlev 1927 [synonym], Amalitzkia vladimiri Pravoslavlev 1927 [synonym]
†Inostrancevia uralensis Tatarinov 1974
Invalid names: Amalitzkia Pravoslavlev 1927 [synonym]
Fm. †Phthinosuchidae Efremov 1954
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G. †Dinosaurus Fischer 1847
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†Dinosaurus murchisoni Fischer von Waldheim 1845
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Invalid names: Phthinosuchus discors Efremov 1954 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phthinosuchus Efremov 1954 [synonym]
G. †Gorgodon Olson 1962
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†Gorgodon minutus Olson 1962
G. †Kamagorgon Tatarinov 1999
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†Kamagorgon ulanovi Tatarinov 1999
G. †Knoxosaurus Olson 1962
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†Knoxosaurus niteckii Olson 1962
G. †Steppesaurus Olson and Beerbower 1953
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†Steppesaurus gurleyi Olson and Beerbower 1953
Invalid names: Rubidgeidae Broom 1938 [empty]
Invalid names: Gorgonopioidea Lydekker 1890 [empty]
Fm. †Gorgonopidae Lydekker 1890
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Subfm. †Gorgonopsinae Sigogneau-Russell 1970
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G. †Aelurosaurus Owen 1881
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†Aelurosaurus felinus Owen 1881
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Invalid names: Aelurosauroides watsoni Boonstra 1934 [synonym], Aelurosaurus striatidens Broom 1912 [synonym], Aelurosaurus tenuirostris Broom 1911 [synonym]
†Aelurosaurus polyodon Broom 1935
†Aelurosaurus whaitsi Broom 1911
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Invalid names: Aelurosaurus breviceps Broom 1930 [synonym]
†Aelurosaurus wilmanae Broom 1940
Invalid names: Aelurosauroides Boonstra 1934 [synonym], Scylacocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym]
G. †Aloposaurus Broom 1910
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†Aloposaurus gracilis Broom 1910
†Aloposaurus tenuis Brink and Kitching 1953
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Invalid names: Cynarioides tenuis Broom 1925 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aloposauroides Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Cynarioides Broom 1925 [synonym], Cyniscops broomianus Huene 1950 [nomen dubium]
G. †Arctognathus Broom 1911
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†Arctognathus breviceps Boonstra 1934
†Arctognathus cookei Broom 1948
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Invalid names: Lycaenodontoides bathyrhinus Haughton 1929 [synonym], Lycaenops pricei Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym]
†Arctognathus nasuta Huene 1950
Invalid names: Lycaenodontoides Haughton 1929 [synonym]
G. †Arctops Watson 1914
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†Arctops kitchingi Sigogneau 1970
†Arctops watsoni Brink and Kitching 1953
†Arctops willistoni Watson 1914
G. †Broomisaurus Joleaud 1920
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Invalid names: Scymnorhinus Broom 1913 [replaced]
G. †Cerdorhinus Broom 1936
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†Cerdorhinus parvidens Broom 1936
†Cerdorhinus rubidgei Broom 1937
G. †Cyonosaurus Olson 1937
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†Cyonosaurus kitchingi Broom 1948
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Invalid names: Alopecorhynchus rubidgei Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]
†Cyonosaurus longiceps Olson 1937
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Invalid names: Cyniscops longiceps Broom 1941 [synonym]
†Cyonosaurus rubidgei Broom 1947
Invalid names: Alopecorhynchus Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Cyniscopoides broomi Brink and Kitching 1953 [nomen dubium], Nanogorgon Broom and Robinson 1948 [synonym], Nanogorgon gracilis Broom and Robinson 1948 [nomen dubium]
G. †Gorgonops Owen 1876
+
†Gorgonops dixeyi Haughton 1926
†Gorgonops kaiseri Broili and Schroder 1934
†Gorgonops longifrons Haughton 1915
†Gorgonops torvus Owen 1876
†Gorgonops whaitsi Broom 1912
Invalid names: Chiwetasaurus Haughton 1926 [synonym], Leptotracheliscops Kuhn 1965 [synonym], Leptotrachelus Watson 1921 [synonym], Pachyrhinos Broili and Schroder 1934 [synonym], Scymnognathus Broom 1912 [synonym]
G. †Lycaenops Broom 1925
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†Lycaenops angusticeps Broom 1913
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Invalid names: Scymnognathus major Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Scymnognathus minor Broom 1913 [synonym]
†Lycaenops minor Brink and Kitching 1953
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Invalid names: Aelurognathus microdon Boonstra 1934 [synonym]
†Lycaenops ornatus Broom 1925
†Lycaenops quadrata Haughton 1926
†Lycaenops sollasi Broili and Schröder 1935
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Invalid names: Scymnognathus holmesi Broom 1948 [synonym]
†Lycaenops tenuirostris Boonstra 1953
Invalid names: Tangagorgon Boonstra 1953 [synonym]
G. †Paragalerhinus Sigogneau 1970
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G. †Pravoslavlevia Vjushkov 1953
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†Pravoslavlevia parva Pravoslavlev 1927
G. †Scylacops Broom 1913
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†Scylacops bigendens Brink and Kitching 1953
†Scylacops capensis Broom 1913
Invalid names: Sycocephalus Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]
G. †Lycosaurus Owen 1876
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†Lycosaurus pardalis Owen 1876
Subfm. †Rubidgeinae Broom 1938
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G. †Aelurognathus Haughton 1924
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†Aelurognathus tigriceps Broom and Haughton 1913
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Invalid names: Gorgonorhinus luckhoffi Broom 1937 [synonym], Gorgonorhinus minor Broom 1948 [synonym], Leontocephalus cadlei Broom 1940 [synonym], Lycaenops alticeps Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Prorubidgea brinki Manten 1959 [synonym], Prorubidgea maccabei Broom 1940 [synonym], Scymnognathus serratidens Haughton 1915 [synonym], Sycosaurus brodiei Broom 1941 [synonym], Tigricephalus kingwilli Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gorgonorhinus Broom 1937 [synonym], Leontocephalus Broom 1940 [synonym], Prorubidgea Broom 1940 [synonym], Tigricephalus Broom 1948 [synonym]
G. †Leogorgon Ivakhnenko 2003
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†Leogorgon klimovensis Ivakhnenko 2003
Tr. †Rubidgeini Broom 1938
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G. †Clelandina Broom 1948
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†Clelandina rubidgei Broom 1948
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Invalid names: Clelandina major Broom 1948 [synonym], Dracocephalus scheepersi Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Tigrisaurus pricei Broom and George 1950 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dracocephalus Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Tigrisaurus Broom and George 1950 [synonym]
G. †Dinogorgon Broom 1936
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†Dinogorgon rubidgei Broom 1936
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Invalid names: Dinogorgon oudebergensis Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Dinogorgon quinquemolaris Huene 1950 [synonym], Prorubidgea robusta Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]
G. †Leontosaurus Broom and George 1950
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†Leontosaurus vanderhorsti Broom and George 1950
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Invalid names: Rubidgea platyrhina Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]
G. †Rubidgea Broom 1938
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†Rubidgea atrox Broom 1938
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Invalid names: Broomicephalus laticeps Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Gorgonognathus maximus Huene 1950 [synonym], Rubidgea kitchingi Broom 1938 [synonym], Rubidgea laticeps Broom 1940 [synonym], Rubidgea majora Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym]
Invalid names: Broomicephalus Brink and Kitching 1953 [synonym], Titanogorgon Maisch 2002 [synonym]
G. †Ruhuhucerberus Maisch 2002
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+
Invalid names: Ruhuhucerberus terror Maisch 2002 [synonym]
G. †Smilesaurus Broom 1948
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†Smilesaurus ferox Broom 1948
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Invalid names: Pardocephalus wallacei Broom 1948 [synonym], Smilesaurus maccabei Broom 1948 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pardocephalus Broom 1948 [synonym]
G. †Sycosaurus Haughton 1924
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†Sycosaurus laticeps Haughton 1924
†Sycosaurus nowaki Broili and Schröder 1936
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Invalid names: Leontocephalus intactus Kemp 1969 [synonym], Lycaenops kingoriensis Huene 1950 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cephalicustriodus Parrington 1974 [synonym], Tetraodon Broili and Schröder 1936 [synonym], Tetraodontonius Kuhn 1961 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aelurognathus nyasaensis Haughton 1926 [nomen dubium], Broomicephalinae Tatarinov 1974 [synonym], Sycosaurinae Tatarinov 1974 [synonym]
Subfm. †Scylacopinae Watson and Romer 1956
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G. †Sauroctonus Bystrow 1955
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†Sauroctonus progressus Hartmann-Weinberg 1938
G. †Suchogorgon Tatarinov 2000
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†Suchogorgon golubevi Tatarinov 2000
Invalid names: Arctognathus whaitsi Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Arctosuchus Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Asthenognathus Broom 1915 [nomen dubium], Delphaciognathus Broom 1932 [nomen dubium], Delphaciognathus paucidens Broom 1915 [nomen dubium], Genovum Huene 1950 [nomen dubium], Genovum broilii Huene 1950 [nomen dubium], Inostranceviinae Sigogneau-Russell 1989 [empty], Lycosaurus tigrinus Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Rubidginae Sigogneau 1970 [empty], Scymnognathus parvus Broom 1915 [nomen dubium]
Infraor. †Ictidorhinida Ivakhnenko 2003
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Fm. †Ictidorhinidae Broom 1932
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G. †Biarmosuchoides Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
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†Biarmosuchoides romanovi Tverdokhlebova and Ivakhnenko 1994
G. †Pseudhipposaurus Boonstra 1952
G. †Ustia Ivakhnenko 2003
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†Ustia atra Ivakhnenko 2003
G. †Karoopes Marchetti et al. 2019
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†Karoopes gansfonteinensis Marchetti et al. 2019
Infraor. †Nikkasaurida Ivakhnenko 2008
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Fm. †Nikkasauridae Ivakhnenko 2000
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G. †Nikkasaurus Ivakhnenko 2000
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†Nikkasaurus tatarinovi Ivakhnenko 2000
G. †Reiszia Ivakhnenko 2000
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†Reiszia gubini Ivakhnenko 2000
†Reiszia tippula Ivakhnenko 2000
G. †Nochnitsa Kammerer and Masyutin 2018
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†Nochnitsa geminidens Kammerer and Masyutin 2018
G. †Phorcys Kammerer and Rubidge 2022
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†Phorcys dubei Kammerer and Rubidge 2022
G. †Viatkogorgon Tatarinov 1999
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†Viatkogorgon ivakhnenkoi Tatarinov 1999
Invalid names: Broomisaurus planiceps Broom 1913 [nomen dubium], Cynarioides gracilis Broom 1930 [nomen dubium], Cyniscodon Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Cyniscodon lydekkeri Broom 1905 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco major Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Cynodraco serridens Owen [nomen dubium], Galesuchidae Watson and Romer 1956 [empty], Hipposaurus kitchingi Broom 1948 [nomen dubium], Scylacognathus major Broom 1935 [nomen dubium], Watongiidae Sigogneau-Russell 1989 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. G. Seeley 1895Temporal vacuities roofed over, with the broad brain-case closed behind, as in Kistecephalus, by a vertical occipital plate. Skull bones thin, enclosing an interior cartilage. The palato-nares are placed far forward, without any indication of a hard palate forming a platfrom in front of them. The teeth appear to have been pointed.