Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Ruminantia (ruminant)
Taxonomy
Ruminantia was named by Scopoli (1777). It is extant.
It was corrected as Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ruminantia by Scott (1940) and Spaulding et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Diungulati by Jaekel (1911); to Ruminantiamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Artiodactyla by Owen (1848) and Asher and Helgen (2010); to Cetartiodactyla by Boisserie et al. (2005), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Becker et al. (2010); to Cetruminantia by Waddell et al. (1999), Ursing et al. (2000) and Boisserie et al. (2011); and to Artiodactyla by Leidy (1873), Gregory (1910), Scott (1940), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Carroll (1988), Anyonge (1991), Sach and Heizmann (2001), Khan and Sarwar (2002), Mead and Taylor (2005), Webb (2008), Bravo-Cuevas et al. (2013) and Koufos (2020).
It was corrected as Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the unranked clade Ruminantia by Scott (1940) and Spaulding et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Diungulati by Jaekel (1911); to Ruminantiamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Artiodactyla by Owen (1848) and Asher and Helgen (2010); to Cetartiodactyla by Boisserie et al. (2005), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Becker et al. (2010); to Cetruminantia by Waddell et al. (1999), Ursing et al. (2000) and Boisserie et al. (2011); and to Artiodactyla by Leidy (1873), Gregory (1910), Scott (1940), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Carroll (1988), Anyonge (1991), Sach and Heizmann (2001), Khan and Sarwar (2002), Mead and Taylor (2005), Webb (2008), Bravo-Cuevas et al. (2013) and Koufos (2020).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1777 | Ruminantia Scopoli |
1848 | Ruminantia Owen p. 139 |
1873 | Ruminantia Leidy p. 317 |
1910 | Ruminantia Gregory p. 466 |
1911 | Ruminantii Jaekel p. 234 |
1940 | Ruminantia Scott p. 363 |
1969 | Ruminantia Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
1981 | Ruminantia Thurmond and Jones p. 188 |
1988 | Ruminantia Carroll |
1991 | Ruminantia Anyonge p. 385 |
1999 | Ruminantia Waddell et al. p. 2 |
2000 | Ruminantia Ursing et al. |
2001 | Ruminantia Sach and Heizmann p. 35 |
2002 | Ruminantia Khan and Sarwar p. 140 |
2005 | Ruminantia Boisserie et al. |
2005 | Ruminantia Mead and Taylor p. 3 |
2008 | Ruminantia Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2 |
2008 | Ruminantia Webb p. 19 |
2009 | Ruminantia Spaulding et al. |
2010 | Ruminantia Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1 |
2010 | Ruminantia Becker et al. |
2011 | Ruminantia Boisserie et al. p. 620 figs. Table 1 |
2013 | Ruminantia Bravo-Cuevas et al. p. 604 |
2020 | Ruminantia Koufos |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Ruminantia Scopoli 1777 [ruminant]
show all | hide all
Fm. †Agriochoeridae Leidy 1869 [agriochoerid]
+
G. †Agriochoerus Leidy 1850
+
†Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
+
†Agriochoerus antiquus antiquus Leidy 1850
Invalid names: Agriochoerus latifrons Leidy 1869 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus antiquus dakotensis Thorpe 1921
†Agriochoerus gaudryi Osborn and Wortman 1893
+
Invalid names: Agriomeryx migrans Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus guyotianus Cope 1878
+
Invalid names: Agriochoerus bullatus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Agriochoerus trifrons Cope 1884 [synonym], Coloreodon ferox Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon macrocephalus Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon ryderanus Cope 1881 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus major Leidy 1856
†Agriochoerus maximus Douglass 1902
Invalid names: Agriomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Artionyx Osborn and Wortman 1893 [synonym], Coloreodon Cope 1879 [synonym], Eomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Merycopater Cope 1879 [synonym]
G. †Diplobunops Peterson 1919
+
†Diplobunops crassus Scott 1945
†Diplobunops kardoula Emery et al. 2016
†Diplobunops matthewi Peterson 1919
+
Invalid names: Diplobunops leotensis Scott 1945 [synonym], Diplobunops uintensis Peterson 1931 [synonym], Diplobunops ultimus Peterson 1931 [synonym], Protoreodon pearcei Gazin 1956 [synonym]
†Diplobunops vanhouteni Gazin 1955
G. †Protoreodon Scott and Osborn 1887
+
†Protoreodon minimus Douglass 1902
†Protoreodon minor Scott 1899
†Protoreodon pacificus Golz 1976
†Protoreodon parvus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Agriotherium paradoxicus Scott 1898 [synonym], Hyomeryx breviceps Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Protoreodon petersoni Gazin 1955
†Protoreodon pumilus Marsh 1875
+
Invalid names: Mesagriochoerus primus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus annectens Scott 1899 [synonym], Protoreodon medius Peterson 1919 [synonym], Protoreodon tardus Scott 1945 [synonym]
†Protoreodon transmontanus Stock 1949
†Protoreodon walshi Theodor 1999
Invalid names: Agriotherium Scott 1898 [synonym], Chorotherium Berg 1899 [synonym], Hyomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Mesagriochoerus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus Scott 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriochoerinae Cope 1884 [empty], Protoreodontinae Scott 1890 [empty]
G. †Merycotherium Bojanus 1834
G. †Palaeohypsodontus Trofimov 1958
+
†Palaeohypsodontus asiaticus Trofimov 1958
†Palaeohypsodontus zinensis Métais et al. 2003
Unr. Pecora Linnaeus 1758
+
Fm. Antilocapridae Gray 1866 [pronghorn]
+
Subfm. †Antilocaprinae Gray 1866
+
G. †Capromeryx Matthew 1902
+
†Capromeryx arizonensis Skinner 1942
†Capromeryx gidleyi Frick 1937
†Capromeryx mexicana Furlong 1925
†Capromeryx tauntonensis Morgan and Morgan 1995
Invalid names: Breameryx Furlong Eustace 1946 [synonym], Dorcameryx [synonym]
G. †Sphenophalos Merriam 1909
+
†Sphenophalos garciae Webb 1973
†Sphenophalos middleswarti Barbour and Schultz 1941
†Sphenophalos nevadanus Merriam 1909
G. †Tetrameryx Lull 1921
+
†Tetrameryx irvingtonensis Stirton 1939
†Tetrameryx knoxensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1960
†Tetrameryx mooseri Dalquest 1974
†Tetrameryx shuleri Lull 1921
†Tetrameryx tacubayensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975
G. †Hexameryx White 1941
+
G. †Ilingoceros Merriam 1909
+
†Ilingoceros alexandrae Merriam 1909
†Ilingoceros schizoceras Merriam 1911
Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
+
G. †Cosoryx Leidy 1869
+
Subg. †Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) Frick 1937
Subg. †Cosoryx (Subcosoryx) Frick 1937
Subg. †Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) Frick 1937
†Cosoryx furcatus Leidy 1869
+
Invalid names: Cosoryx (Paracosoryx) burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cosoryx agilis Douglass 1899 [synonym], Cosoryx burgensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Cosoryx ilfonsensis Frick 1937
G. †Ramoceros Frick 1937
+
Subg. †Ramoceros (Merriamoceros) Frick 1937
Subg. †Ramoceros (Paramoceros) Frick 1937
†Ramoceros osborni Matthew 1904
+
Invalid names: Ramoceros (Paramoceros) howardae Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros (Paramoceros) kansanus Frick 1937 [synonym], Ramoceros hitchcockensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Ramoceros ramosus Cope 1874
G. †Merycodus Leidy 1854
+
†Merycodus crucensis Frick 1937
†Merycodus hookwayi Furlong 1934
†Merycodus joraki Frick 1937
†Merycodus major Frick 1937
†Merycodus minimus Frick 1937
†Merycodus minor Frick 1937
†Merycodus necatus Leidy 1854
†Merycodus sabulonis Matthew and Cook 1909
+
Invalid names: Cosoryx (Subparacosoryx) savaronis Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Merycodus tehuanus Cope 1877
†Merycodus trilateralis Cope 1877
†Merycodus warreni Leidy 1858
+
†Meryceros warreni johnsoni Frick 1937
Invalid names: Meryceros nenzelensis Frick 1937 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dicrocerus Cope 1875 [synonym], Meryceros Frick 1937 [synonym], Merycodus prodromus Cook 1934 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paracosoryx Frick 1937
+
†Paracosoryx alticornis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx dawesensis Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx furlongi Frick 1937
†Paracosoryx loxoceros Furlong 1934
†Paracosoryx nevadensis Merriam 1911
†Paracosoryx wilsoni Frick 1937
G. †Plioceros Frick 1937
+
†Plioceros blicki Frick 1937
†Plioceros dehlini Frick 1937
†Plioceros floblairi Frick 1937
G. †Texoceros Frick 1937
+
†Texoceros altidens Matthew 1924
+
Invalid names: Capromeryx texanus Hesse 1935 [synonym], Dorcameryx optimae Reed and Longnecker 1928 [synonym]
†Texoceros edensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros guymonensis Frick 1937
†Texoceros minorei Frick 1937
†Texoceros vaughani Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosorycinae Frick 1937 [empty], Ramocerotinae Frick 1937 [empty]
Superfm. Bovoidea Gray 1821
+
G. †Amphimoschus Gray 1852
+
†Amphimoschus ponteleviensis Bourgeois 1873
†Amphimoschus xishuiensis Li et al. 2022
Fm. Bovidae Gray 1821 [antelope]
+
Subfm. Antilopinae Gray 1821
+
Tr. Aepycerotini Gray 1872
Tr. Alcelaphini Brookes 1876
Tr. Antilopini Gray 1821
Tr. Caprini Gray 1821
Tr. Cephalophini Blyth 1863
G. †Etruria Abbazzi et al. 2008
Tr. Hippotragini Sundevall 1845
G. †Homoiodorcas Thomas 1981
Tr. †Neotragini Sclater and Thomas 1894
G. †Parantidorcas Arambourg 1979
Tr. Reduncini Knottnerus-Meyer 1907
G. †Urmiatherium Rodler 1888
Invalid names: Etruria Hurzeler and Engesser 1976 [nomen nudum], Pantholopini [empty], Peleini Gray 1872 [empty]
G. †Antilospira Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
Subfm. Bovinae Gray 1821
+
Tr. Boselaphini Knottnerus-Meyer 1997
Tr. Bovini Gray 1821
G. †Duboisea Stremme 1911
G. †Miotragocerus Stromer 1928
G. †Platycerabos Barbour and Schultz 1942
+
Invalid names: Parabos Barbour and Schultz 1941 [replaced]
Tr. Tragelaphini Blyth 1863
G. †Cambayella Pilgrim 1939
Subfm. Caprinae Gray 1821
+
G. †Aragoral Alcala and Morales 1997
G. †Benicerus Heintz 1973
G. †Damalavus Arambourg 1958
G. †Myotragus Bate 1909
Tr. Ovibovini
Invalid names: Naemorhedini [empty], Rupicaprini [empty]
G. †Criotherium Forsyth Major 1891
G. †Deperetia Schaub 1923
G. †Dorcadoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Dorcadoxa Pilgrim 1939
G. †Dystychoceras Kretzoi 1941
G. †Eosyncerus Vekua 1972
G. †Euceratherium Furlong and Sinclair 1904 [shrub-ox]
+
†Euceratherium americanum Gidley 1913
†Euceratherium collinum Furlong and Sinclair 1904 [shrub ox]
+
Invalid names: Aftonius calvini Hay 1913 [synonym], Euceratherium bizzelli Stovall 1937 [synonym], Preptoceras sinclairi Furlong 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Aftonius Hay 1913 [synonym], Preptoceras Furlong 1905 [synonym]
G. †Gallogoral Guérin 1865
G. †Gazellospira Pilgrim and Schaub 1939
G. †Gentrytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Gobiocerus Sokolov 1952
G. †Grevenobos Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
+
†Grevenobos antiquus Cregut-Bonnoure and Tsoukala 2017
G. †Helicoportax Pilgrim 1937
G. †Hemibos Falconer 1865
+
†Hemibos acuticornis Falconer and Cautley 1868
†Hemibos antilopinus Falconer 1870
†Hemibos gracilis Qiu et al. 2004
Invalid names: Amphibos Falconer and Cautley 1868 [synonym], Peribos Lydekker 1878 [synonym], Probubalus Rütimeyer [objective synonym]
G. †Hemistrepsiceros Pilgrim and Hopwood 1928
G. †Hesperidoceras Crusafont Pairo 1965
G. †Kabulicornis Heintz and Thomas 1981
G. †Kobikeryx Pilgrim 1939
G. †Kubanotragus Gabunia 1973
G. †Leptotragus Bohlin 1936
G. †Liops Gidley 1906
G. †Lyrocerus Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Majoreas Kostopoulos 2004
G. †Megalovis Schaub 1924
G. †Mesembriacerus Bouvrain 1975
G. †Microtragus Andres 1926
G. Nesotragus von Duben 1846
+
Nesotragus batesi de Winton 1903 [bates' pygmy antelope]
Nesotragus moschatus Von Dueben 1846 [suni]
Tr. †Oiocerini Pilgrim 1934
+
G. †Oioceros Gaillard 1902
G. †Samodorcas Bouvrain and de Bonis 1985
G. †Samotragus Sickenberg 1936
G. †Olonbulukia Bohlin 1937
G. †Oreonager Pomel 1895
G. †Pachygazella Teilhard de Jardin and Young 1931
G. †Pachytragus Schlosser 1904
+
†Pachytragus crassicornis Schlosser 1904
†Pachytragus solignaci Robinson 1972
G. †Palaeoreas Gaudry 1861
+
†Palaeoreas lindermayeri Wagner 1848
†Palaeoreas sinensis Schlosser 1903
G. †Palaeoryx Gaudry 1861
+
†Palaeoryx majori Schlosser 1904
†Palaeoryx minor Vasileiadis et al. 2019
†Palaeoryx pallasi Wagner 1857
G. †Paraprotoryx Bohlin 1935
G. †Paratragocerus Sokolov 1949
G. †Parurmiatherium Sickenberg 1932
G. †Perimia Pilgrim 1939
G. †Platybos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Pliotragus Kretzoi 1941
+
†Pliotragus ardeus Deperet 1883
+
Invalid names: Hesperoceras merlae Villalta and Crusafont Pairó 1956 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hesperoceras Villalta and Crusafont Pairó 1956 [synonym]
G. †Proamphibos Pilgrim 1939
+
†Proamphibos kashmiricus Pilgrim 1939
†Proamphibos lachrymans Pilgrim 1939
G. †Procamptoceras Schaub 1923
G. †Procobus Khomenko 1913
G. †Proleptobos Pilgrim 1939
G. †Prosinotragus Bohlin 1935
G. †Prostrepsiceros Forsyth Major 1891
+
†Prostrepsiceros houtumschindleri Rodler and Weithofer 1890
†Prostrepsiceros libycus Lehmann and Thomas 1987
G. †Protoryx Forsyth Major 1891
+
†Protoryx capricornis Schlosser 1904
†Protoryx carolinae Major 1891
G. †Pseudotragus Schlosser 1904
+
†Pseudotragus gentryi Thomas 1981
†Pseudotragus parvidens Gaudry 1861
G. †Qurliqnoria Bohlin 1937
G. †Selenoportax Pilgrim 1937
+
†Selenoportax dhokpathanensis Akhtar 1992
†Selenoportax falconeri Lydekker 1886
†Selenoportax giganteus Akhtar 1995
†Selenoportax tatrotensis Akhtar 1992
†Selenoportax vexillarius Pilgrim 1937
G. †Shensispira Chiu et al. 1979
G. †Sinoreas Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinoryx Teilhard de Jardin and Trassaert 1938
G. †Sinotragus Bohlin 1935
+
†Sinotragus occidentalis Geraads et al. 2002
†Sinotragus wimani Bohlin 1935
G. †Sivacapra Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivaportax Pilgrim 1939
G. †Sivatragus Pilgrim 1939
G. †Skoufotragus Kostopoulos 2009
+
†Skoufotragus laticeps Andree 1926
†Skoufotragus schlosseri Andree 1926
†Skoufotragus zemalisorum Kostopoulos 2009
G. †Soergelia Schaub 1951
+
G. †Spirocerus Boule and Teilhard de Jardin 1928
+
†Spirocerus wongi Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
G. †Strepsiportax Pilgrim 1937
+
†Strepsiportax gluten Pilgrim 1937
+
Invalid names: Helicoportax praecox Pilgrim 1937 [synonym], Strepsiportax chinjiensis Pilgrim 1937 [synonym]
G. †Strogulognathus Filhol 1890
G. †Tethytragus Azanza 1994
G. †Toribos
G. †Torticornis Dmitrieva 1977
G. †Tossunnoria Bohlin 1937
G. †Tragocerus Gaudry 1861
+
†Tragocerus kokeni Schlosser 1903
†Tragocerus sylvaticos Schlosser 1903
†Tragocerus sylvaticus Schlosser 1903
G. †Tragospira Kretzoi 1954
Subfm. †Urmiatheriinae Sickenberg 1933
+
G. †Lantiantragus Chen and Zhang 2004
G. †Plesiaddax Schlosser 1903
G. †Shaanxispira Liu et al. 1978
G. †Turcocerus Kohler 1987
Invalid names: Antilopina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Camelopardalina Gray 1825 [empty], Capra depressa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Capra reversa Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Caprina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippotraginae Sundevall 1845 [empty], Peleinae Gray 1872 [empty], Tragelaphinae Jerdon 1874 [empty]
Fm. Moschidae Gray 1821 [musk deer]
+
Subfm. †Blastomerycinae Frick 1937
+
G. †Blastomeryx Cope 1877
G. †Longirostromeryx Frick 1937
G. †Machaeromeryx Matthew 1926
G. †Parablastomeryx Frick 1937
G. †Problastomeryx Webb 1998
G. †Pseudoblastomeryx Tedford et al. 1987
G. †Dremotherium Geoffroy 1833
+
†Dremotherium cetinensis Ginsburg et al. 1994
†Dremotherium feignouxi Geoffroy 1833
†Dremotherium guthi Jehenne 1987
†Dremotherium quercyi Filhol 1887
G. †Friburgomeryx Becker et al. 2001
G. †Hispanomeryx Morales et al. 1981
+
†Hispanomeryx andrewsi Sánchez et al. 2011
†Hispanomeryx aragonensis Azanza 1986
†Hispanomeryx daamsi Sánchez et al. 2010
†Hispanomeryx duriensis Morales et al. 1981
†Hispanomeryx lacetanus Sánchez et al. 2019
G. †Hydropotopsis Jehenne 1991
G. †Oriomeryx Ginsburg 1985
G. †Pomelomeryx Ginsburg and Morales 1989
G. †Bugtimeryx Ginsburg et al. 2001
Superfm. †Cervoidea
+
G. †Amphiprox Kaup 1839
Fm. Cervidae Gray 1821 [deer]
+
G. †Anoglochis Croizet and Jobert 1826
G. †Bretzia Fry and Gustafson 1974
+
†Bretzia nebrascensis Gunnell and Foral. 1994
†Bretzia pseudalces Fry and Gustafson 1974
Subfm. Capreolinae Brookes 1828
+
Tr. †Alceini Brookes 1828
G. Capreolus Gray 1821 [roe]
G. †Cervavitus Chomenko 1913
+
Invalid names: Cervocerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Damacerus Khomenko 1913 [synonym], Metadicrocerus Schlosser 1924 [synonym], Procervus Alexejev 1913 [synonym]
Tr. Odocoileini Simpson 1945
G. †Pliocervus Hilzheimer 1922
+
Invalid names: Ctenocerus Kretzoi 1941 [synonym], Ctenocervus Kretzoi 1968 [synonym]
G. †Procapreolus Schlosser 1929
Tr. Rangiferini
Invalid names: Capreolini [empty]
G. †Cervalces Scott 1885 [stag moose]
+
†Cervalces latifrons Johnson 1874
+
Invalid names: Cervalces alaskensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Cervalces borealis Bensley 1913 [synonym], Cervalces roosevelti Hay 1913 [synonym]
†Cervalces postremus Vangengeim and Flerov 1965
G. †Cervavitulus Kretzoi 1951
Subfm. Cervinae Goldfuss 1820
+
G. †Arvernoceros Heintz 1968
G. †Candiacervus Kuss 1975
Tr. Cervini Goldfuss 1820
G. †Croizetoceros Heintz 1970
G. †Eucladoceros Falconer 1868
Tr. †Megacerini Viret 1961
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
G. †Praedama Portis 1920
G. †Praeelaphus Portis 1920
G. †Praesinomegaceros Vislobokova 1983
G. †Torontoceros Churcher and Peterson 1982
G. †Cervodama Pidoplichko and Flerov 1952
G. †Charitoceros Hoffstetter 1963
G. †Euctenoceros Trouessart 1898
G. †Eumeryx Matthew and Granger 1924
+
†Eumeryx culminis Matthew and Granger 1924
†Eumeryx imbellis Vislobokova 1983
G. †Furcifer Wagner 1844
+
†Furcifer bisulcus Molina 1782
+
Invalid names: Capreolus leucotis Gray 1849 [synonym], Cervus (Cervequus) andicus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Cervus (Furcifer) antisiensis d'Orbigny 1834 [synonym], Cervus chilensis Gay and Gervais 1846 [synonym]
†Furcifer seleniticus Ameghino 1888
†Furcifer sulcatus Ameghino 1882
G. †Lucentia Azanza and Montoya 1995
+
†Lucentia iberica Azanza and Montoya 1995
†Lucentia pierensis Thomas 1951
G. †Paracervulus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
+
†Paracervulus australis Serres 1832
†Paracervulus christoli Dong 1996
†Paracervulus perpinianensis Dong 1996
G. †Praemegaceros Portis 1920
+
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Nesoleipoceros) Radulesco and Samson 1967
+
Invalid names: Cervus (Anoglokis) Robert 1830 [synonym]
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Orthogonoceros) Kahlke 1956
Subg. †Praemegaceros (Praemegaceros) Portis 1920
†Praemegaceros verticornis Dawkins 1872
Invalid names: Allocaenelaphus Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Praerangifer Portis 1920 [synonym], Psecupsoceros Radulesco and Samson 1967 [synonym], Tamanalces Vereshchagin 1957 [synonym]
G. Pseudaxis Gray 1872
Invalid names: Cervulinae [empty], Cervus guineensis Linnaeus 1758 [nomen dubium], Plesiometacarpalia [empty], Pliocervinae Symeonidis 1974 [empty], Sangamona Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Sangamona fugitiva Hay 1920 [nomen vanum], Surameryx Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium], Surameryx acrensis Prothero et al. 2014 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Dromomerycidae Frick 1937
+
Tr. †Cranioceratini Frick 1937
+
G. †Barbouromeryx Frick 1937
G. †Bouromeryx Skinner et al. 1977
G. †Cranioceras Matthew 1918
G. †Pediomeryx Stirton 1936
G. †Procranioceras Frick 1937
G. †Yumaceras Frick 1937
Tr. †Dromomerycini Frick 1937
+
G. †Drepanomeryx Sinclair 1915
G. †Dromomeryx Douglass 1909
G. †Rakomeryx Frick 1937
G. †Subdromomeryx Frick 1937
Fm. Lagomerycidae Pilgrim 1941
+
G. †Paradicrocerus Gabunia 1959
+
†Paradicrocerus brevistephanos Baschanov and Nurumov 1955
†Paradicrocerus elegantulus Roger 1898
†Paradicrocerus flerovi Gabuniya 1959
G. †Stephanocemas Colbert 1936
+
†Stephanocemas actauensis Abdrachmanova 1993
†Stephanocemas aralensis Beliajeva 1974
†Stephanocemas chinghaiensis Young 1964
†Stephanocemas palmatus WANG et al. 2009
†Stephanocemas rucha Ginsburg and Ukkakimapan 1983
†Stephanocemas thomsoni Colbert 1936
†Stephanocemas triacuminatus Colbert 1936
Invalid names: Stephanoceras Colbert 1936 [replaced]
Superfm. Giraffomorpha Sánchez et al. 2015
+
Fm. Giraffidae Gray 1821 [giraffe]
+
G. †Alcicephalus Rodler and Wiethofer 1890
+
†Alcicephalus neumayri Rodler and Weithofer 1890
†Alcicephalus sinensis Schlosser 1903
G. †Decennatherium Crusafont Pairo 1952
+
†Decennatherium crusafonti Bosscha-Erbrink 1976
†Decennatherium pachecoi Crusafont 1952
†Decennatherium rex Rios et al. 2017
Tr. Giraffini
+
G. Giraffa Brisson 1762 [giraffe]
+
Invalid names: Camelopardalis Schreber 1784 [synonym], Orasius Oken 1816 [synonym], Trachelotherium Gistl 1848 [synonym]
G. †Honanotherium Bohlin 1926
+
†Honanotherium bernori Solounias and Danowitz 2016
†Honanotherium schlosseri Bohlin 1926
G. †Palaeogiraffa Bonis and Bouvrain 2003
+
†Palaeogiraffa macedoniae Geraads 1989
†Palaeogiraffa major Bonis and Bouvrain 2003
†Palaeogiraffa pamiri Ozansoy 1965
Tr. †Palaeotragini Pilgrim 1911
+
G. †Mitilanotherium Samson and Radulesco 1966
+
Invalid names: Macedonitherium Sickenberg 1967 [synonym], Sogdianotherium Sharapov 1974 [synonym]
G. †Samotherium Forsyth Major 1888
G. †Palaeotragus Gaudry 1861
+
†Palaeotragus coelophrys Rodler and Weithofer 1890
†Palaeotragus germaini Arambourg 1959
†Palaeotragus inexspectatus Samson and Radulesco 1966
†Palaeotragus lavocati Heintz 1976
†Palaeotragus microdon Bohlin 1926
†Palaeotragus quadricornis Bohlin 1926
†Palaeotragus robinsoni Crusafont-Pairó 1979
†Palaeotragus rouenii Gaudry 1861
Invalid names: Achtiaria Borissiak 1914 [synonym]
G. †Progiraffa Pilgrim 1908
G. †Propalaeomeryx Lydekker 1883
G. †Schansitherium Kilgus 1922
+
†Schansitherium fuguensis Guan 1998
†Schansitherium quadricornis Kostopoulos 2009
†Schansitherium tafeli Kilgus 1922
Subfm. †Sivatheriinae Zittel 1893
+
G. †Indratherium Pilgrim 1910
G. †Sivatherium Falconer and Cautley 1836
Invalid names: Bohlininae Solounias 2007 [empty], Giraffinae [empty], Sivatheriini Zittel 1893 [empty]
Fm. †Palaeomerycidae Lydekker 1883
+
Subfm. †Aletomerycinae Frick 1937
+
G. †Diabolocornis Beatty 2010
G. †Sinclairomeryx Frick 1937
Invalid names: Aletomerycini Frick 1937 [empty]
G. †Amphitragulus Pomel 1847
+
†Amphitragulus elegans Pomel 1846
†Amphitragulus minoensis Matsumoto 1918
†Amphitragulus quercyi Filhol 1887
†Amphitragulus validus Dehm 1935
G. †Heterocemas Young 1937
Subfm. †Palaeomerycinae Lydekker 1883
+
G. †Ampelomeryx Duranthon et al. 1995
G. †Tauromeryx Astibia et al. 1998
G. †Palaeomeryx von Meyer 1834
+
†Palaeomeryx kaupi von Meyer 1834
†Palaeomeryx magnus Lartet 1851
Invalid names: Sinomeryx Duranthon et al. 1995 [synonym]
G. †Procervulus Gaudry 1877
+
†Procervulus dichotomus Gervais 1849
†Procervulus ginsburgi Azanza 1993
†Procervulus praelucidus Obergfell 1957
Fm. †Leptomerycidae Zittel 1893
+
G. †Hendryomeryx Black 1978
+
†Hendryomeryx defordi Wilson 1974
+
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium transpecoensis Wilson 1974 [synonym]
†Hendryomeryx wilsoni Black 1978
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium Wilson 1974 [synonym]
G. †Leptomeryx Leidy 1853
+
†Leptomeryx antecedens Cook 1934
†Leptomeryx blacki Stock 1949
†Leptomeryx evansi Leidy 1853
+
Invalid names: Leptomeryx lenis Cook 1934 [synonym], Trimerodus cedrensis Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Leptomeryx mammifer Cope 1885
†Leptomeryx significans Russell 1954
†Leptomeryx speciosus Lambe 1908
†Leptomeryx yoderi Schlaikjer 1935
Invalid names: Trimerodus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Pronodens Koerner 1940
+
†Pronodens silberlingi Koerner 1940
†Pronodens transmontanus Douglass 1903
G. †Pseudoparablastomeryx Frick 1937
+
†Pseudoparablastomeryx francescita Frick 1937
†Pseudoparablastomeryx scotti Frick 1937
G. †Propalaeoryx Stromer 1926
+
†Propalaeoryx austroafricanus Stromer 1926
†Propalaeoryx nyanzae Whitworth 1958
G. †Walangania Whitworth 1958
+
†Walangania africanus Whitworth 1958
†Walangania gracilis Whitworth 1958
Invalid names: Prodremotheridae Guo et al. 1999 [empty]
G. †Prodremotherium Filhol 1877
+
†Prodremotherium beatrix Pilgrim 1912
†Prodremotherium elongatum Filhol 1877
†Prodremotherium flerowi Trofimov 1957
†Prodremotherium trepidum Gabunia 1964
G. †Sanitherium von Meyer 1866
+
†Sanitherium cingulatum Pilgrim 1926
†Sanitherium masticum Paraskevaidis 1940
†Sanitherium nadiurum Wilkinson 1976
Invalid names: Diamantohyus Stromer 1926 [synonym], Xenochoerus Zdarsky 1909 [synonym]
Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883
+
Superfm. †Hypertraguloidea Scott 1940
+
Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
+
G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874
+
†Hypertragulus chadronensis Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus crawfordensis Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus dakotensis Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus heikeni Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1969
†Hypertragulus hesperius Hay 1902
†Hypertragulus minor Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus minutus Lull 1922
†Hypertragulus planiceps Sinclair 1905
†Hypertragulus quadratus Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus sequens Cook 1934
Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922
+
†Nanotragulus fontanus Stock 1935
†Nanotragulus loomisi Lull 1922
+
Invalid names: Nanotragulus intermedius Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Nanotragulus lulli Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Nanotragulus ordinatus Matthew 1907
+
Invalid names: Nanotragulus albanensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Nanotragulus matthewi Cook 1934 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty]
Fm. †Hypisodontidae
+
G. †Hypisodus Cope 1873
+
†Hypisodus alacer Troxell 1920
†Hypisodus ironsi Cook 1934
†Hypisodus minimus Cope 1873
†Hypisodus paululus Cook 1934
†Hypisodus retallacki Meehan and Martin 2004
†Hypisodus ringens Cope 1873
Fm. †Praetragulidae Vislobokova 2001
+
G. †Praetragulus Vislobokova 1998
+
†Praetragulus electus Vislobokova 1998
†Praetragulus gobiae Matthew and Granger 1925
Superfm. †Traguloidea
+
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
+
G. †Bachitherium Filhol 1882
+
†Bachitherium curtum Filhol 1877
†Bachitherium guirounetensis Sudre 1995
†Bachitherium insigne Filhol 1882
†Bachitherium lavocati Sudre 1986
†Bachitherium thraciensis Mennecart et al. 2018
†Bachitherium vireti Sudre 1986
G. †Gelocus Aymard 1855
+
†Gelocus communis Aymard 1846
†Gelocus gajense Pilgrim 1912
†Gelocus indicus Cooper 1915
†Gelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Gelocus minor Pavlov 1900
†Gelocus villebramarensis Brunet and Jehenne 1976
†Gelocus whitworthi Hamilton 1973
Invalid names: Rutitherium Filhol 1876 [synonym]
G. †Paragelocus Schlosser 1902
+
†Paragelocus laubei Schlosser 1901
†Paragelocus scotti Schlosser 1902
G. †Pseudogelocus Schlosser 1902
+
†Pseudogelocus mongolicus Vislobokova and Daxner-Höck 2002
†Pseudogelocus suevicus Schlosser 1902
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987
+
G. †Indomeryx Pilgrim 1928
+
G. †Lophiomeryx Pomel 1853
+
†Lophiomeryx angarae Matthew and Granger 1925
†Lophiomeryx benarensis Gabunia 1964
†Lophiomeryx chalaniati Pomel 1853
†Lophiomeryx gracilis Miao 1982
†Lophiomeryx kargilensis Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Lophiomeryx minor Lydekker 1885
†Lophiomeryx mouchelini Brunet and Sudre 1987
†Lophiomeryx shinaoensis Miao 1982
†Lophiomeryx turgaicus Flerov 1938
G. †Nalameryx Métais et al. 2009
+
†Nalameryx savagei Nanda and Sahni 1990
†Nalameryx sulaimani Métais et al. 2009
Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]
+
G. †Afrotragulus Sánchez et al. 2010
+
†Afrotragulus moruorotensis Pickford 2001
†Afrotragulus parvus Whitworth 1958
G. †Cryptomeryx Schlosser 1886
+
†Cryptomeryx decedens Stehlin 1910
†Cryptomeryx gaudryi Filhol 1877
†Cryptomeryx major Schlosser 1886
†Cryptomeryx matsoui Sudre 1984
G. †Dorcatherium Kaup 1839
+
†Dorcatherium bulgaricus Bakalov and Nikilov 1962
†Dorcatherium chappuisi Arambourg 1933
†Dorcatherium crassum Lartet 1851
†Dorcatherium guntianum von Meyer 1846
†Dorcatherium iririensis Pickford 2002
†Dorcatherium jourdani Deperet 1887
†Dorcatherium libiensis Hamilton 1973
†Dorcatherium majus Lydekker 1876
+
Invalid names: Merycopotamus nanus Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]
†Dorcatherium minus Lydekker 1876
†Dorcatherium naui Kaup 1833
†Dorcatherium orientale Qui and Gu 1991
†Dorcatherium peneckei Hoffmann 1892
†Dorcatherium pigotti Whitworth 1958
†Dorcatherium puyhauberti Arambourg and Piveteau 1929
†Dorcatherium rodgeri Hofman 1909
†Dorcatherium vindobonense von Meyer 1846
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
+
Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. Hyemoschus Gray 1845
+
Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [water chevrotain]
†Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837
Invalid names: Hyemoschus aquaticus Ogilby 1841 [valid], Hyomoschus crassus Lartet 1837 [valid]
G. †Iberomeryx Gabunia 1964
+
†Iberomeryx minor Filhol 1882
+
Invalid names: Iberomeryx matsoui Heissig 1987 [synonym], Iberomeryx minus Sudre and Blondel 1996 [synonym]
†Iberomeryx parvus Gabunia 1964
G. †Siamotragulus Thomas et al. 1990
+
†Siamotragulus bugtiensis Ginsburg 2001
†Siamotragulus haripounchai Mein and Ginsburg 1997
†Siamotragulus sanyathanai Thomas et al. 1990
†Siamotragulus songhorensis Whitworth 1958
G. Tragulus Brisson 1762 [mouse deer]
+
Tragulus fulviventer Gray 1836
Tragulus javanicus Osbeck 1765 [Java mouse-deer]
+
Invalid names: Tragulus fuscatus Blyth 1858 [synonym]
Tragulus kanchil Raffles 1822 [lesser mouse-deer]
Tragulus napu Cuvier 1822 [greater mouse-deer]
Tragulus nigricans Thomas 1892 [Philippine mouse-deer]
†Tragulus sivalensis Lydekker 1882
Tragulus stanleyanus Gray 1836
Invalid names: Meminna Gray 1836 [synonym], Tragulus malaccensis Gray 1843 [nomen nudum], Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson 1844 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Anoplotheriadae Gray 1821 [empty], Giraffoidea Gray 1821 [empty], Hispanomerycidae Moya 1986 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available