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Taxonomy
Tarsiiformes was named by Gregory (1915) [also said to be 1910]. It is extant. Its type is Tarsius. It was considered monophyletic by Kay et al. (2004).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Tarsiiformes by Rosenberger (2006), Rose et al. (2009), Burger (2010) and Chaimanee et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Prosimii by Simons and Bown (1985), Hooker (1986), Carroll (1988) and Gunnell and Miller (2001); to Haplorrhini by Kay et al. (2004) and Poux and Douzery (2004); to Haplorrhini by Rosenberger (2006); to Primates by Bown and Rose (1991), Gingerich (1993), Bajpai et al. (2005) and Hooker (2007); to Haplorhini by Rose et al. (2009) and Burger (2010); to Haplorhini by Beard et al. (1994) and Chaimanee et al. (2011); and to Haplorhini by McKenna (1975), Szalay (1976), Mein and Ginsburg (1997), Muldoon and Gunnell (2002) and Fleagle (2013).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Tarsiiformes by Rosenberger (2006), Rose et al. (2009), Burger (2010) and Chaimanee et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Prosimii by Simons and Bown (1985), Hooker (1986), Carroll (1988) and Gunnell and Miller (2001); to Haplorrhini by Kay et al. (2004) and Poux and Douzery (2004); to Haplorrhini by Rosenberger (2006); to Primates by Bown and Rose (1991), Gingerich (1993), Bajpai et al. (2005) and Hooker (2007); to Haplorhini by Rose et al. (2009) and Burger (2010); to Haplorhini by Beard et al. (1994) and Chaimanee et al. (2011); and to Haplorhini by McKenna (1975), Szalay (1976), Mein and Ginsburg (1997), Muldoon and Gunnell (2002) and Fleagle (2013).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1915 | Tarsiiformes Gregory |
| 1975 | Tarsiiformes McKenna p. 42 |
| 1976 | Tarsiiformes Szalay p. 172 |
| 1985 | Tarsiiformes Simons and Bown p. 476 |
| 1986 | Tarsiiformes Hooker p. 245 |
| 1988 | Tarsiiformes Carroll |
| 1991 | Tarsiiformes Bown and Rose p. 467 |
| 1993 | Tarsiiformes Gingerich p. 322 |
| 1994 | Tarsiiformes Beard et al. p. 609 |
| 1997 | Tarsiiformes Mein and Ginsburg p. 806 |
| 2001 | Tarsiiformes Gunnell and Miller p. 189 |
| 2002 | Tarsiiformes Muldoon and Gunnell p. 481 |
| 2004 | Tarsiiformes Kay et al. p. 100 |
| 2004 | Tarsiiformes Poux and Douzery |
| 2005 | Tarsiiformes Bajpai et al. p. 44 |
| 2006 | Tarsiiformes Rosenberger p. 140 |
| 2007 | Tarsiiformes Hooker p. 740 |
| 2009 | Tarsiiformes Rose et al. p. 384 |
| 2010 | Tarsiiformes Burger p. 2 |
| 2011 | Tarsiiformes Chaimanee et al. p. 1957 |
| 2013 | Tarsiiformes Fleagle |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Infraor. Tarsiiformes Gregory 1915 [tarsier]
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Fm. †Archicebidae Ni et al. 2013
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G. †Donrussellia Szalay 1976
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†Donrussellia gallica Russell et al. 1967
†Donrussellia lusitanica Estravís 2000
†Donrussellia provincialis Godinot 1978
Superfm. †Omomyoidea
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Fm. †Omomyidae Gazin 1958
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Subfm. †Anaptomorphinae Cope 1883
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Tr. †Anaptomorphini Cope 1883
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Subtr. †Anaptomorphina Cope 1883
G. †Arapahovius Savage and Waters 1978
G. †Artimonius Muldoon and Gunnell 2002
G. †Tatmanius Bown and Rose 1991
Subtr. †Teilhardinina Quinet 1964
Tr. †Tetoniina Abel 1931
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G. †Absarokius Matthew 1915
G. †Anemorhysis Gazin 1958
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Invalid names: Tetonoides Gazin 1962 [synonym], Uintalacus Gazin 1958 [synonym]
G. †Mckennamorphus Szalay 1976
G. †Tetonius Matthew 1915
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Invalid names: Paratetonius Seton 1940 [synonym], Pseudotetonius Bown 1974 [synonym]
Tr. †Trogolemurini Szalay 1976
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G. †Sphacorhysis Gunnell 1995
G. †Walshina López-Torres et al. 2018
G. †Bownomomys Morse et al. 2019
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†Bownomomys americanus Bown 1976
†Bownomomys crassidens Bown and Rose 1987
Subfm. †Microchoerinae Lydekker 1887
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G. †Indusomys Gunnell et al. 2012
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†Indusomys kaliae Gunnell et al. 2008
Invalid names: Indusius Gunnell et al. 2008 [replaced]
G. †Microchoerus Wood 1844
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†Microchoerus creechbarrowensis Hooker 1986
†Microchoerus erinaceus Wood 1844
†Microchoerus hookeri Minwer-Barakat et al. 2017
†Microchoerus ornatus Stehlin 1916
†Microchoerus wardi Hooker 1986
G. †Nannopithex Stehlin 1916
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†Nannopithex barnesi Thalmann 1994
†Nannopithex filholi Chantre and Gaillard 1897
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Invalid names: Nannopithex pollicaris Stehlin 1916 [synonym]
†Nannopithex humilidens Thalmann 1994
†Nannopithex zuccolae Godinot et al. 1992
G. †Necrolemur Filhol 1873
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†Necrolemur anadoni Minwer-Barakat et al. 2015
†Necrolemur antiquus Filhol 1873
†Necrolemur edwardsi Filhol 1880
†Necrolemur parvulus Filhol 1890
†Necrolemur zitteli Schlosser 1887
G. †Pseudoloris Stehlin 1916
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†Pseudoloris crusafonti Louis and Sudre 1975
†Pseudoloris cuestai Minwer-Barakat et al. 2012
†Pseudoloris erenensis Wang 2008
†Pseudoloris godinoti Köhler and Moyá-Solá 1999
†Pseudoloris isabenae Crusafont Pairó 1967
†Pseudoloris parvulus Filhol 1890
†Pseudoloris pyrenaicus Minwer-Barakat et al. 2010
†Pseudoloris reguanti Crusafont Pairo 1967
Invalid names: Pivetonia Crusafont Pairó 1967 [synonym]
G. †Vectipithex Hooker and Harrison 2008
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†Vectipithex quaylei Hooker 1986
†Vectipithex smithorum Hooker and Harrison 2008
†Vectipithex ulmensis Schmidt-Kittler 1971
Invalid names: Necrolemurinae Simpson 1940 [synonym], Pseudolorisinae Simpson 1940 [synonym]
Subfm. †Omomyinae Trouessart 1879
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Tr. †Omomyini Szalay 1976
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G. †Chumashius Stock 1933
G. †Saskomomys Perry et al. 2023
G. †Steinius Bown and Rose 1984
Invalid names: Omomyina Trouessart 1879 [empty]
Tr. †Washakiini Szalay 1976
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G. †Dyseolemur Stock 1934
G. †Loveina Simpson 1940
G. †Shoshonius Granger 1910
Invalid names: Rooneyiini Szalay 1976 [empty]
G. †Strigorhysis Bown 1979
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†Strigorhysis bridgerensis Bown 1979
†Strigorhysis huerfanensis Bown and Rose 1987
†Strigorhysis rugosus Bown 1979
Subfm. †Tarkadectinae Szalay and Lucas 1996
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G. †Teilhardina Simpson 1940
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†Teilhardina asiatica Ni et al. 2004
†Teilhardina belgica Teilhard de Chardin 1927
†Teilhardina brandti Gingerich 1993
†Teilhardina demissa Rose 1995
†Teilhardina gingerichi Rose et al. 2012
†Teilhardina magnoliana Beard 2008
†Teilhardina tenuicula Jepsen 1930
Invalid names: Protomomys Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [synonym]
G. †Vastanomys Bajpai et al. 2005
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†Vastanomys gracilis Bajpai et al. 2005
†Vastanomys major Rose et al. 2009
Fm. Tarsiidae Gray 1825
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G. Carlito Groves and Shekelle 2010
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Carlito syrichta Linnaeus 1758 [Philippine tarsier]
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Invalid names: Tarsius carbonarius Heude 1898 [synonym], Tarsius fraterculus Miller 1911 [synonym], Tarsius philippensis Meyer 1894 [synonym], Tarsius syrichta syrichta Linnaeus 1758 [invalid subgroup]
G. Cephalopachus Swainson 1835
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Cephalopachus bancanus Horsfield 1821 [Horsfield's tarsier]
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Cephalopachus bancanus borneanus Elliot 1910 [Bornean tarsier]
Tarsius bancanus natunensis Chasen 1940
Tarsius bancanus saltator Elliot 1910 [Belitung Island tarsier]
Cephalopachus bancanus bancanus Horsfield 1821
G. †Hesperotarsius Zijlstra et al. 2013
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†Hesperotarsius sindhensis Zijlstra et al. 2013
†Hesperotarsius thailandicus Ginsburg and Mein 1987
G. Tarsius Storr 1780 [tarsier]
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Tarsius dentatus Miller and Hollister 1921 [Dian's tarsier]
†Tarsius eocaenus Beard et al. 1994
Tarsius fuscus Fischer 1804
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Invalid names: Tarsius fischerii Desmarest 1804 [objective synonym], Tarsius fuscomanus Fischer 1804 [objective synonym]
Tarsius lariang Merker and Groves 2006 [Lariang tarsier]
Tarsius pelengensis Sody 1949 [Peleng Island tarsier]
Tarsius pumilus Miller and Hollister 1921 [pygmy tarsier]
Tarsius sangirensis Meyer 1897
†Tarsius sirindhornae Chaimanee et al. 2011
Tarsius spectrumgurskyae Shekelle et al. 2017
Tarsius supriatnai Shekelle et al. 2017
Tarsius tarsier Erxleben 1777
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Invalid names: Didelphys macrotarsos Schreber 1778 [objective synonym], Lemur podje Kerr 1792 [synonym], Lemur spectrum Pallas 1778 [objective synonym], Macrotarsus buffonii Link 1795 [objective synonym], Tarsius daubentonii Fischer 1804 [synonym], Tarsius pallassii Geoffroy 1796 [objective synonym], Tarsius spectrum spectrum Pallas 1778 [invalid subgroup]
Tarsius tumpara Shekelle et al. 2008 [Siau Island tarsier]
Tarsius wallacei Merker et al. 2010 [Wallace's tarsier]
Invalid names: Macrotarsus Link 1795 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Omomyiformes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Legendre 1988, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the MN 6 or 55.80000 to 12.75000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma
Collections (571 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Kohatius coppensi, Indusius kaliae (87933) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Vastanomys gracilis, Vastanomys major (55494) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Melaneremia bryanti (38868) Melaneremia schrevei (174239) Nannopithex zuccolae (68439) Teilhardina belgica (133368) | |
| Ypresian | France (Île-de-France) | Teilhardina belgica (68437) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium (Brabant) | Teilhardina belgica (35531) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium (Hainaut) | Teilhardina belgica (87947) | |
| Ypresian | France (Oise) | Teilhardina belgica (68174) | |
| Sharamurunian | China (Shanxi) | Xanthorhysis tabrumi (67491) | |
| Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Anemorhysis savagei (201473) | |
| Graybullian | USA (Wyoming) | Teilhardina sp., Absarokius metoecus (15701) | |
| Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Absarokius witteri (16076) Absarokius witteri, Shoshonius cooperi (15915) Anemorhysis sp., Shoshonius cooperi, Absarokius noctivagus (15930) Hemiacodon casamissus, Shoshonius cooperi, Absarokius noctivagus (15917) Loveina sheai (124856 124857) Loveina wapitiensis (15997 16005 124858) Loveina zephyri (16068 16073) Shoshonius cooperi (16078) | |
| Lysitean - Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Loveina sp., Tetonius sp., Arapahovius gazini, Tetonoides sp. (15451) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Omomyidae indet. (15595) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | Absarokius abbotti (15454 15552 15557 15558 15560 15562 15563 15567 15933 15937 15963 46700 46715) Absarokius abbotti, Absarokius metoecus (15554 15555 15556 15564 15565 15566 15579 46699) Absarokius abbotti, Absarokius metoecus, Anemorhysis wortmani (15559 15581) Absarokius abbotti, Absarokius metoecus, Tetonius homunculus (15551 15553) Absarokius abbotti, Anemorhysis wortmani (15561) Absarokius abbotti, Arapahovius advena (15537) Absarokius abbotti, Omomys minutus, Anemorhysis musculus (15964) Absarokius abbotti, Omomys vespertinus (15717) Absarokius abbotti, Tetonius homunculus (15550) Absarokius gazini (88037 88038) Absarokius metoecus (15540 15545 15546 15575 15578 15687 15692 46692 46763 46847 46851) Absarokius metoecus, Anemorhysis pattersoni (15576) Absarokius metoecus, Steinius vespertinus (15541 15542 15577) Absarokius metoecus, Tetonius matthewi (46831) Absarokius noctivagus (15906 46705) Absarokius noctivagus, Loveina zephyri (15934) Absarokius sp. (46765) Anemorhysis pattersoni (15533) Anemorhysis sublettensis, Chlororhysis knightensis, Absarokius noctivagus, Omomys sheai (15662) Chlororhysis incomptus (15896) Chlororhysis knightensis (15479) Chlororhysis sp., Loveina minuta, Absarokius sp. (15842) Loveina sp., Absarokius sp. (27268) Loveina zephyri, Shoshonius cooperi, Absarokius noctivagus, Absarokius witteri (15942) Omomyidae indet. (181313 192129 192130 226068) Omomyidae indet., Absarokius abbotti, Absarokius metoecus, Tetonoides sp., Tetonius homunculus (15548) Omomys sheai (15456) Omomys sp., Tetonoides pearcei (15455) Pseudotetonius ambiguus (15785 15803 15807 15812 46682) Pseudotetonius ambiguus, Teilhardina americana, Tetonius matthewi (15694) Pseudotetonius ambiguus, Tetonius matthewi (15705) Shoshonius cooperi (15902) Steinius annectens (87317) Strigorhysis bridgerensis (15569) Tatmanius szalayi (87316) Teilhardina americana (15488 15586 15729 15747 15786 46728 46796 46804 46813) Teilhardina americana, Tetonius matthewi (46800 46814) Teilhardina americana, Tetonoides sp., Tetonius homunculus (15493) Teilhardina americana, Tetonoides tenuiculus, Tetonius homunculus (15491) Teilhardina brandti (15834) Teilhardina crassidens (15707) Teilhardina crassidens, Tetonius matthewi (15697 15743 15762 15796 46721 46808) Teilhardina demissa (15539) Teilhardina mathewi, Teilhardina americana (46792) Teilhardina sp. (15501 15503 15509 15733 15740 15756 15765 15766 15779 15792 15795 15824) Teilhardina sp., Tetonius matthewi (15508 15790) Teilhardina tenuicula (46668 46686) Tetonius homunculus (15511 15517 15518 15522 15523 15524 15532 15912 16055) Tetonius homunculus, Tetonoides pearcei (15723) Tetonius homunculus, Tetonoides tenuiculus (15520) Tetonius matthewi (15513 15592 15695 15702 15742 15799 15801 15818 15826 46641 46669 46672 46675 46687 46688 46704 46720 46730 46731 46753 46773 46780 46795 46797 46805 46816 46828 46830 46834 46838 46843 226069) Tetonius matthewi, Tetonoides tenuiculus (15512) Tetonius musculus (15994 16029 16033) Tetonius sp. (15467 15468 15469 15472 15525 15527 15528 15529 15534 15570 15571 15594 15682 15730 15758 15767 15768 15769 15770 15784 15797 15819 15821) Tetonius sp., Pseudotetonius ambiguus (15530 15805) Tetonoides pearcei (118482 226071) Tetonoides pearcei, Tetonius sp. (15673) Tetonoides sp., Tetonius homunculus (15504 15515) Tetonoides tenuiculus (15793) Tetonoides tenuiculus, Tetonius homunculus (15507 15510 15514 15516 15531) Washakius insignis (15486) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (North Dakota) | Teilhardina sp., Tetonoides pearcei (15895) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Utah) | Uintalacus nettingi (15715) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Mississippi) | Omomyidae indet. (15719) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (New Mexico) | Jemezius szalayi (15436) Omomyidae indet. (15432 15447) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Colorado) | Absarokius sp. (15332 15387) Loveina zephyri (15650 15651) Tetonius homunculus (15357 15450 15725 15845) Tetonius homunculus, Anemorhysis minutus (15887) Tetonius homunculus, Trogolemur sp. (15480) Tetonius mckennai (15429) Tetonius sp. (15274) Tetonius sp., Anemorhysis tenuiculus, Tetonius homunculus, Anemorhysis minutus (15485) | |
| Bumbanian | China (Nei Mongol) | Baataromomys ulaanus (72202) | |