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Chordata
Taxonomy
Chordata was named by Haeckel (1874). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Brusca et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Chordata by Nielsen (2012).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Shoshani et al. (1989), Sepkoski (2002); and to Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998), Edgecombe et al. (2011), Nielsen (2012), Brusca et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Chordata by Nielsen (2012).
It was assigned to Metazoa by Shoshani et al. (1989), Sepkoski (2002); and to Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998), Edgecombe et al. (2011), Nielsen (2012), Brusca et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1874 | Chordata Haeckel p. 410 |
| 1989 | Chordata Shoshani et al. p. 435 |
| 1998 | Chordata Zrzavy et al. |
| 2002 | Chordata Sepkoski |
| 2011 | Chordata Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 2012 | Chordata Nielsen p. 348 |
| 2016 | Chordata Brusca et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Ph. Chordata Haeckel 1874
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Subph. Cephalochordata Haeckel 1866 [lancelet]
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Or. Amphioxiformes
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Fm. Epigonichthyidae
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G. Epigonichthys Peters 1877
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Invalid names: Asymmetron Andrews 1893 [synonym], Heteropleuron Kirkaldy 1895 [synonym], Paramphioxus Haeckel 1893 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asymmetrontidae [synonym]
G. †Cathaymyrus Shu et al. 1996
Fm. †Myllokunmingiidae Shu 2003
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Fm. †Pikaidae Walcott 1911
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Subph. Tunicata Lamarck 1816 [tunicate]
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Cl. Ascidiacea Nielsen 1995 [sea squirt]
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G. †Choanites Mantell 1822
Or. Enterogona Perrier 1898
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Or. †Khmeriamorpha Wendt 2018
+
Fm. †Khmeriidae Montanaro Gallitelli 1954
+
G. †Imilce Flügel 1975
G. †Permosoma
G. †Zardinisoma Wendt 2018
G. Cystodytes
G. Micraseites
Invalid names: Urochordata Lankester 1877 [synonym]
G. †Undichna Anderson 1976
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†Undichna brittanica Higgs 1988
†Undichna unisulca de Gibert et al. 1999
Subph. Vertebrata Lamarck 1801 [vertebrate]
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Cl. Agnatha Cope 1889 [jawless fish]
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Or. †Pituriaspida Young 1991
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Invalid names: Loganiida Turner 1991 [empty], Myllokunmingiida Shu 2003 [empty]
Supercl. Cyclostomata Richards
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Or. †Conodontophorida Eichenberg 1930
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G. †Algherella
G. †Alternognathus
G. †Amydrotaxis
G. †Angulodus
G. †Axiothea
G. †Caenodontus
Cl. †Conodonta Pander 1856 [conodont]
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G. †Acodina Stauffer
G. †Aldridgeodus Calner et al. 2008
G. †Aldridgeognathus Miller et al. 2017
Fm. †Amphigeisinidae Miller 1981
G. †Ancidontus Chen and Gong 1986
G. †Ancyrogondolella Budurov 1972
G. †Apteracontiodus Bauer 2010
Or. †Belodellida Sweet 1988
G. †Bengtsonella Mueller and Hinz 1991
G. †Branmehla Haas 1959
G. †Costiconus Rasmussen 2001
G. †Dasytodus Chen and Gong 1986
G. †Diaphanodus Bagnoli 1987
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Invalid names: Stenodontus Chen and Gong 1986 [replaced], Vanwamelodus Apollonov 1984 [replaced]
G. †Dischidognathus
Fm. †Distacodidae Ulrich and Bassler 1926
G. †Dolborodina Moskalenko 2003
G. †Enantiognathus Mosher and Clark 1965
Infracl. †Euconodonta Janvier 1997
G. †Fahraeosodus Stouge and Bagnoli 1988
G. †Falcodus Huddle 1934
G. †Gagievodus Baranov and Al'khovik 2003
G. †Heterdontoides
G. †Iowagnathus Liu et al. 2017
G. †Llandoverygnathus Walliser 1972
G. †Lundodus Bagnoli and Stouge 1997
G. †Minimodus Rasmussen 2001
G. †Nasusgnathus Ni 1983
G. †Noixodontus McCracken and Barnes 1982
G. †Omanognathus Miller et al. 2017
G. †Oslodus Zhang 1998
Or. †Ozarkodinida Dzik 1976
G. †Palmatodella Bassler 1925
Or. †Panderodontida Sweet 1988
G. †Pandorinella Müller and Müller 1957
Or. †Paraconodontida Müller 1962
G. †Parvigondolella Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Pollognathus Kozur and Mostler 1970
Or. †Polyplacognathida Stouge and Bagnoli 1999
Or. †Prioniodontida Dzik 1976
Or. †Protopanderodontida
G. †Pseudobelodella Armstrong 1990
G. †Rexroadus Zhang and Barnes 2002
G. †Rhynchognathodus Ethington 1959
G. †Rotundoconus An and Zhang 1983
G. †Sagittodontus Rhodes 1953
G. †Silurognathus Jeppsson 2005
G. †Spathognathodus Branson and Mehl 1941
G. †Tardogondolella Kozur and Mostler 1971
G. †Trichonodella Branson and Branson 1947
G. †Youngquistognathus Myshkina and Zhuravlev 2005
G. †Zygognathus Branson et al. 1951
Invalid names: Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Euconodonta Müller and Hinz 1991 [empty], Hindeodella andrusovi Kozur and Mostler 1972 [nomen dubium], Polygnathida Barskov 1995 [empty]
G. †Dentacodina
Superfm. †Distacodontacea Bassler 1925
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Invalid names: Distacodontidae Bassler 1925 [empty], Teridontidae Miller 1981 [empty], Ulrichodinidae Bergstrom 1981 [empty]
G. †Elsonella
G. †Embaysgnathus
G. †Evencodus
G. †Exochognathus Pollock et al. 1970
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†Exochognathus brassfieldensis Branson and Branson 1947
†Exochognathus expansus Nicoll and Rexroad 1969
G. †Fungulodus
G. †Geniculatus
G. †Hindeodelloides
G. †Hindeodina
G. †Homoiranognathus
G. †Huddlella
G. †Istorinus Knüpfer 1967
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†Istorinus erectus Knüpfer 1967
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Invalid names: Istorinus disymmetricus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus humilis Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus postdentatus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym], Istorinus recurvus Knüpfer 1967 [synonym]
G. †Laterignathus
G. †Leutorhinion
G. †Mitrellotaxis
G. †Neocavitella
G. †Norigondolella
G. †Oligodus
G. †Ozarcodina Walliser
G. †Paraprionodus Ethington and Clark 1982
G. †Pavlovites
G. †Playfordia Glenister and Klapper 1966
G. †Prattognathus
G. †Pravognathus
G. †Ptilognathus
G. †Rhodalepus
G. †Roundya
+
†Roundya aurita Sannemann 1955
†Roundya laminata Branson and Mehl 1934
†Roundya latipennata Ziegler 1958
G. †Schopfodus
G. †Sibiriodus
G. †Steptotaxis
G. †Subbryantodus
G. †Tuxekania
G. †Volgelgnathus Norby and Rexroad 1985
G. †Windsorgnathus
G. †Zieglericonus
Invalid names: Chirognathacea Branson and Mehl 1944 [empty], Fryxellodontacea Miller 1981 [empty], Proconodontacea Miller 1981 [empty]
Cl. Myxini Jaekel 1911
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Invalid names: Hypospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Marsipobranchii [synonym], Palaeospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Petromyzontes [empty]
Unr. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806
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Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965
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Fm. †Dayongaspidae Pan and Zeng 1985
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G. †Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng 1985
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†Dayongaspis colubra Zhang et al. 2024
†Dayongaspis hunanensis Pan and Zeng 1985
Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980
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G. †Anjiaspis Gai and Zhu 2005
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†Anjiaspis ericius Shan et al. 2022
†Anjiaspis reticularis Gai and Zhu 2005
Fm. †Eugaleaspididae Liu 1980
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G. †Dunyu Zhu et al. 2012
G. †Eugaleaspis Liu 1980
G. †Nochelaspis Zhu 1992
G. †Pterogonaspis Zhu 1992
G. †Tridensaspis Liu 1986
G. †Yunnanogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
G. †Shuyu Gai et al. 2011
+
†Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al. 2011
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Invalid names: Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis Pan 1986 [replaced]
Fm. †Shuyuidae Shan 2020
+
G. †Jiangxialepis Liu et al. 2021
G. †Qingshuiaspis Shan et al. 2022
G. †Rumporostralis Shan et al. 2020
G. †Sinogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
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†Sinogaleaspis shankouensis Pan and Wang 1980
†Sinogaleaspis xikengensis Pan and Wang 1980
Fm. †Tujiaaspidae Chen et al. 2024
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G. †Miaojiaaspis Chen et al. 2024
G. †Tujiaaspis Gai et al. 2022
Fm. †Hanyangaspidae Pan and Liu 1975
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G. †Hanyangaspis Pan and Liu 1975
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†Hanyangaspis chaohuensis Wang et al. 1980
†Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis Pan and Liu 1975
Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007
+
Or. †Huananaspiformes Janvier 1975
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Fm. †Gantarostrataspidae Wang and Wang 1992
Fm. †Huananaspidae Liu 1973
Fm. †Sanchaspididae Pan and Wang 1981
Fm. †Sanqiaspidae Liu 1975
Or. †Polybranchiaspidiformes Liu 1965
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Fm. †Duyunolepididae Pan and Wang 1978
Fm. †Gumuaspidae Gai et al. 2018
Fm. †Pentathyraspididae Pan 1992
Fm. †Polybranchiaspididae Liu 1965
Fm. †Zhaotongaspididae Wang and Zhu 1994
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G. †Wenshanaspis Zhao et al. 2002
G. †Zhaotongaspis Wang and Zhu 1994
Fm. †Xiushuiaspidae Pan and Wang 1983
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G. †Changxingaspis Wang 1991
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†Changxingaspis gui Wang 1991
†Changxingaspis nianzhongi Li et al. 2024
G. †Xiushuiaspis Pan and Wang 1983
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†Xiushuiaspis ganbeiensis Pan and Wang 1983
†Xiushuiaspis jiangxiensis Pan and Wang 1983
G. †Xiyuichthys Shan et al. 2023
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†Xiyuichthys lixiensis Shan et al. 2023
Invalid names: Xiyuaspis Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]
Supercl. Gnathostomata Gegenbauer 1874 [jawed fish]
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Cl. Chondrichthyes Huxley 1880 [cartilaginous fish]
+
Subcl. †Acanthodii Owen 1846 [spiny fish]
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Or. †Acanthodiformes Berg 1940
G. †Antarctonchus White 1968
G. †Archaeacanthus Kade 1858
G. †Byssacanthoides Woodward 1921
G. †Campylodus Rohon 1893
Or. †Climatiiformes Berg 1940
Or. †Diplacanthiformes Berg 1940
G. †Eupleurogmus M'Coy 1890
Fm. †Euthacanthidae Berg 1940
G. †Gemuendolepis Gross 1973
G. †Haplacanthus Agassiz 1845
G. †Homacanthus Agassiz 1845
Or. †Ischnacanthida Berg 1940
Or. †Ischnacanthiformes Berg 1940
G. †Latviacanthus Schultze and Zidek 1982
G. †Lupopsyroides Hanke and Wilson 2004
G. †Lupopsyrus Bernacsek and Dineley 1977
Fm. †Machaeracanthidae Burrow and Young 2005
G. †Monopleurodus Pander 1856
G. †Neoasiacanthus Wang et al. 1980
G. †Nodacosta Gross 1940
G. †Nodonchus White 1961
G. †Onchus Agassiz 1837
G. †Parexus Agassiz 1844
G. †Paucicanthus Hanke 2002
G. †Pinnacanthus Bryant 1934
G. †Promesacanthus Hanke 2008
G. †Ptychodictyon Gross 1973
G. †Seretolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968
G. †Striacanthus Hills 1931
G. †Tetanopsyrus Gagnier et al. 1999
Fm. †Vesperaliidae Valiukevicius and Burrow 2005
G. †Yealepis Burrow and Young 1999
Invalid names: Acanthodei Gunnell 1933 [replaced], Acanthodi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Acanthodida Berg 1940 [empty], Climatiida Berg 1940 [empty], Diplacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Duplisuggestus Johns 1997
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†Duplisuggestus duplirugosus Johns 1997
†Duplisuggestus profundisulcus Johns 1997
Subcl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]
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G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982
G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
Or. †Antarctilamniformes Ginter et al. 2008
G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843
G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997
G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993
Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]
G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007
Superor. †Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010
Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909
G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997
G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997
G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883
Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975
Infracl. Euselachii Hay 1902
G. †Fragilicorona Johns 1997
Or. Galeiformes
G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997
G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999
Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland
Fm. †Kannathalepididae Marss and Gagnier 2001
G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997
G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997
G. †Leonodus Mader 1986
G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008
Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014
G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997
G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007
G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997
Or. †Omalodontiformes Turner 1997
G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873
G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997
G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997
Infracl. Osteodonti
G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997
G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997
Or. †Phoebodontiformes Ginter et al. 2002
G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]
Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier
G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948
Fm. †Protodontidae Woodward 1932
G. †Raineria Osswald 1928
G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022
G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997
G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997
Unr. Selachii [shark]
G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002
G. †Siamodus
G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997
Fm. †Thrinacodontidae Grogan and Lund 2008
G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997
Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964
Infracl. †Xenacanthimorpha
Invalid names: Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [empty]
G. †Elegestolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1973
G. †Eucentrurus Traquair 1901
G. †Geisacanthus St John and Worthen 1875
G. †Gracilisuggestus Johns 1997
+
†Gracilisuggestus triapices Johns 1997
†Gracilisuggestus uniapex Johns 1997
Subcl. Holocephali Bonaparte 1832 [chimaera]
+
Or. †Debeeriiformes
G. †Delphyodontos Lund 1980
Or. †Eugeneodontiformes Zangerl 1981
Or. †Helodontiformes
Superor. †Holocephalomorpha Lund 1986
G. †Macrodontacanthus Romer 1942
G. †Menaspacanthus Patterson 1965
Or. †Orodontiformes Zangerl 1981
Or. †Petalodontiformes Zangerl 1981
G. †Thoralodus
Invalid names: Bradyodonti Arambourg and Bertin 1958 [synonym], Chimaeri Jaekel 1911 [empty], Debeeriformes [empty], Euchondrocephali Lund and Grogan 1997 [synonym], Iniopterygiformes Zangerl and Case 1973 [empty], Paraselachiamorpha Lund 1977 [empty], Paraselachimorpha Lund 1977 [invalid subgroup], Trachyacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]
Infracl. †Holocephalimorpha Lund 1986
+
G. †Harpacanthus Traquair 1886
Invalid names: Harpacanthidae Lund and Grogan 1997 [empty]
Or. †Iniopterygia Zangerl and Case 1973
+
Fm. †Iniopterygidae Zangerl and Case 1973
G. †Inioxyle
Fm. †Sibyrhynchidae Zangerl and Case 1973
G. †Leonotus
Or. †Mongolepidida Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990
+
Fm. †Mongolepididae Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990
Fm. †Shiqianolepidae Sansom et al. 2000
G. †Proprigalea Johns 1997
+
†Proprigalea languidula Johns 1997
†Proprigalea mediglabra Johns 1997
†Proprigalea medirugosa Johns 1997
Fm. †Pucapampellidae Maisey et al. 2018
+
G. †Gydoselache Maisey et al. 2018
G. †Pucapampella Janvier and Riglos 1986
G. †Pucapumpella Maisey and Anderson 2001
G. †Simmorius
Invalid names: Clamydoselachidae [empty], Ctenacanthimorpha [empty], Ctenoptychius ordii Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Desmiodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Kathemacanthidae [empty], Polymerolepidiformes [empty], Rhinobatiformes Müller and Henle 1837 [empty], Subterbranchialia Zangerl 1979 [empty]
Unr. †Eugnathostomata
+
Unr. Teleostomi Bonaparte 1836
+
Fm. †Lepidopidae
Unr. Malacopterygii
Invalid names: Podopterygia Cope 1887 [empty], Rhipidopterygia Cope 1887 [empty]
Invalid names: Chondrichthyomorphi [empty]
Unr. Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [bony fish]
+
Unr. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]
+
G. †Austelliscus Figueroa et al. 2021
Or. †Cheirolepidiformes
Infracl. Chondrostei Müller 1844
Fm. †Coccocephalichthyidae Fowler 1951
G. †Coccolepis Agassiz 1843
G. †Concentrilepis Stack and Gottfried 2022
Or. †Elonichthyiformes Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
Or. †Eurynotoidiformes Minikh and Minikh 1990
G. †Gogosardina Choo et al. 2009
Unr. Halecostomi Regan 1903
Fm. †Haplolepidae Westoll 1944
Or. †Heteromi
Fm. †Howqualepididae Long et al. 2008
G. †Lambeia Mickle 2017
G. †Mesopoma R. H. Traquair 1890
Fm. †Mimiidae Gardiner 1993
G. †Pacorichthys Lombardo 2013
Or. †Paphosisciformes Grogan and Lund 2015
Or. †Percomorphi
G. †Pickeringius Choo et al. 2018
Or. †Plectognathi
Or. †Redfieldiiformes Berg 1940
Or. †Rhadinichthyiformes Lowney 1980
Or. †Scleroparei
Fm. †Scopelidae
G. †Tenupiscis Stack et al. 2025
Fm. †Turseoidae Bock 1959
G. †Usclasichthys Heyler 1977
Invalid names: Amblypteriformes Heyler 1969 [empty], Berycomorphi [empty], Dorypteriformes [empty], Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Irajapintoseidae Beltan 1990 [empty], Phanerosteoniformes Lowney 1980 [empty], Uydeniidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980 [empty]
Supercl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]
+
Cl. Actinopteri Cope 1871
Or. †Aeduelliformes Heyler 1969
Fm. †Aesopichthyidae Poplin and Lund 2000
Subor. †Aetheospondyli Woodward 1895
G. †Aetheretmon White 1927
G. †Aethocephalichthys Fielitz et al. 1999
G. †Akanolepis Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981
G. †Ameghinichthys Arratia et al. 2004
G. †Anapterus Sauvage 1873
Or. †Asarotiformes Schaeffer 1968
G. †Atkinsonella Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Australichthys Gardiner 1969
G. †Avamia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
G. †Avonichthys Wilson et al. 2018
G. †Baoqingichthys Wang et al. 2007
G. †Beagiascus Mickle et al. 2009
G. †Bishofia Kazantseva 1968
G. †Bluefieldius Mickle 2018
G. †Burguklia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980
Fm. †Charleuxiidae Heyler 2000
Fm. †Chichiidae Liu and Wang 1978
G. †Chirothrix Zittel 1888
Cl. Cladistia Cope 1870
G. †Cuneognathus Friedman and Blom 2006
G. †Diplospondichthys Filleul and Dutheil 2004
Fm. †Discordichthyidae Minikh 1998
G. †Echidnocephalus von der Marck 1858
G. Engraulis Cuvier 1817
Subor. †Eurekichthyoidei Lowney 1980
Or. †Eurynotiformes Sallan and Coates 2013
G. †Eurypoma Huxley 1866
G. †Exocoetoides Davis 1887
Or. †Fubarichthyiformes Lowney 1980
G. †Guaymayenia Rusconi 1887
G. †Guntherichthys Mickle 2011
Fm. †Gyrolepidotidae Gardiner 1967
G. †Histiothrissa Woodward 1901
G. †Holuropsis Berg 1947
Or. †Isospondyli Cope 1887
G. †Kalops Poplin and Lund 2002
G. †Kansasiella Poplin 1974
Fm. †Kenderlichthyidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
G. †Kutaichthys Esin and Bakaev 2022
G. †Lineagruan Mickle et al. 2009
G. Mallotus Cuvier 1829
G. †Meemannia Zhu et al. 2006
G. †Meisenheimichthys Poschmann and Schindler 2004
G. †Ministrella Matveeva 1958
Fm. †Moythomasiidae Kazantseva 1971
G. †Neuburgichthys Schultze et al. 2021
G. †Nozamichthys Schultze and Bardack 1987
G. †Opistopteryx Pictet and Humbert 1866
G. †Oxypteriscus Matveeva 1958
G. †Palaeobergia Berg 1958
G. †Palaeoneiros Giles et al. 2023
Or. †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902
+
Invalid names: Bobasatraniiformes [synonym], Palaeoniscida [synonym]
Or. †Paleonisciformes
Or. †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
Subor. †Phanerosteonoidei Lowney 1980
G. †Phoebeannaia Caron et al. 2023
G. †Piratata Richter 2022
G. Protaulopsis Woodward 1901
G. †Pseudoberyx Pictet and Humbert 1866
G. †Raynerius Giles et al. 2015
G. †Rhynchorhinus Woodward 1901
G. †Roslerichthys Hamel 2005
G. Salmo Linnaeus 1758 [salmon]
G. †Schizospondylus Bayer 1905
G. †Spinofacia Mickle 2011
G. †Stegotrachelus Woodward and White 1926
G. †Tanyrhinichthys Gottfried 1987
Or. †Tarrasiiformes
G. †Terenolepis Burrow 1995
G. †Tetragonopterus Cuvier 1817
Or. Tetraodontiformes Berg 1940
G. †Thryptodus Loomis 1900
Or. †Trachichthyiformes
G. †Trawdenia Coates and Tietjen 2018
G. †Uranichthys Minikh 2009
G. †Yaomoshania Poplin et al. 1991
Invalid names: Bobastraniiformes [empty], Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000 [empty], Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera 1944 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli 1839 [nomen dubium], Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi 1952 [nomen dubium], Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri 1910 [nomen dubium], Palaeonisci [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. 1995 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidae Rohon 1890 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidea [invalid subgroup], Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Polypteri [empty], Protospondyli Woodward 1895 [empty], Semionotus brevis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus dubius Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus inornatus Henry 1876 [nomen dubium], Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz 1885 [nomen dubium], Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi 1950 [nomen dubium]
Or. Ganoidei Agassiz
+
Or. Cycloganoidei
Subor. Lepidosteidae Owen 1859
Invalid names: Glaniostomi [empty], Lepidoganoidei [empty], Placoganoidei [empty], Pycnodonti [empty], Rhomboganoidei [empty], Selachostomi [empty]
Or. †Iniomi
+
Fm. †Beerichthyidae Casier 1966
Subor. Chondrichthyes
Invalid names: Bathypteroidae [empty], Cetunculi [empty], Cheirothricidae [empty], Harpodontidae [empty], Malacosteidae [empty], Omosudidae [empty], Plagyodontidae [empty]
G. †Lophosteus Pander 1856
+
†Lophosteus canadensis Schultze and Märss 2004
†Lophosteus connexus Schultze and Märss 2004
†Lophosteus incrementus Burrow 1995
†Lophosteus ohesaarensis Schultze and Märss 2004
†Lophosteus superbus Pander 1856
†Lophosteus uralensis Schultze and Märss 2004
G. †Nothosoma Agassiz 1843
+
†Nothosoma octostychius Egerton 1858
†Nothosomus laevissimus Agassiz 1834
G. †Preophiodon
Subcl. Sarcopterygii Romer 1955 [lobe-finned fish]
+
G. †Achoania Zhu et al. 2001
Subcl. Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson 2006
G. †Guiyu Zhu et al. 2009
G. †Ligulalepis Schultze 1968
G. †Psarolepis Yu 1998
G. †Ptyctolepis Lu et al. 2017
Infracl. Rhipidistia Cope 1887
Or. †Rhizodontiformes Andrews and Westoll 1970
Infracl. Tetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [tetrapod]
G. †Youngolepis Chang and Yu 1981
Invalid names: Actinistia Cope 1870 [empty], Akinetia Gardiner 1984 [empty], Crossopterygii Huxley 1861 [replaced], Lepidosireniformes Savage 1951 [empty], Onychodontia Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Tythonichthys
Invalid names: Cephaloxeniformes [empty], Dialipiniformes [empty], Discordichthyiformes Minikh 1998 [empty], Euteleostomi [synonym], Pattonia Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pattonia couttsi Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pisces Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Unr. †Placodermiomorphi
+
Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]
+
Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944
G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948
G. †Austroptyctodus Long 1997
G. †Bianchengichthys Li et al. 2021
Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980
G. †Campbellodus Miles and Young 1977
G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952
Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911
G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940
G. †Deinodus Hussakof and Bryant 1919
G. †Entelognathus Zhu et al. 2013
G. †Hybosteus Gross 1933
G. †Neopetalichthys Liu 1973
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
+
Invalid names: Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym]
Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911
+
Invalid names: Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym]
Or. †Pseudopetalichthyida Denison 1975
Or. †Ptychostei Jaekel 1911
Or. †Rhenanida Broili 1930
G. †Sedowichthys Bystrow 1957
Or. †Stensioellida Romer 1945
G. †Tollichthys Bystrow 1957
G. †Wangolepis Pan 1986
G. †Yunnanacanthus Liu 1973
Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyiformes [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]
Invalid names: Chondrichthiomorphi [empty], Ichthyes Gadow 1898 [empty]
G. †Hoplichnus Hitchcock 1848
+
†Hoplichnus equus Hitchcock 1858
†Hoplichnus quadrupedans Hitchcock 1848
+
Invalid names: Hoplichnus poledrus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
G. Hypichthyes Huxley 1880
Cl. †Osteostraci Lankaster 1868
+
Or. †Ateleaspidiformes Tarlo 1967
+
Fm. †Ateleaspididae Traquair 1899
+
G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899
+
Invalid names: Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym], Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ateleaspidinae Tranqiair 1899 [empty]
Or. †Benneviaspidida Janvier 1996
+
G. †Benneviaspis Stensiö 1927
+
†Benneviaspis anglica Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis holtedahli Stensio 1927
†Benneviaspis lankesteri Stensio 1932
†Benneviaspis longicornis Wangsjo 1937
†Benneviaspis polonica Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
†Benneviaspis salopiensis White 1961
†Benneviaspis urvantsevi Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
†Benneviaspis whitei Belles-Isles and Janvier 1984
Superfm. †Boreaspidoidei Stensio 1958
+
Fm. †Boreaspididae Stensio 1958
G. †Hoelaspis Stensio 1927
G. †Severaspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1995
G. †Securiaspis Stensio 1932
+
†Securiaspis caledonica White 1963
†Securiaspis kingi Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis kitchini Stensio 1932
†Securiaspis waterstoni White 1963
Or. †Benneviaspidiformes Afanassieva 1991
+
Subcl. †Cornuata Janvier 1985
+
G. †Cephalaspis Agassiz 1835
+
Subg. †Cephalaspis (Cwmaspis) White and Toombs 1983
†Cephalaspis acadica Robertson 1936
†Cephalaspis agassizi Stensio 1932
†Cephalaspis campbelltonensis Whiteaves 1881
+
Invalid names: Cephalaspis whiteavesi Traquair 1890 [synonym]
†Cephalaspis canadensis Robertson 1936
†Cephalaspis dawsoni Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis gabrielsei Dineley and Loeffler 1976
†Cephalaspis jexi Traquair 1893
†Cephalaspis laticeps Traquair 1890
†Cephalaspis lewisii Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis lightbodii Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis lloydii Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis lyelli Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis murchisoni Egerton 1857
†Cephalaspis novaescotiae Denison 1955
†Cephalaspis oeselensis Robertson 1939
†Cephalaspis pagei Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis podolica Balabai 1962
†Cephalaspis powriei Lankester 1870
†Cephalaspis rostratus Agassiz 1835
†Cephalaspis scotica White 1963
†Cephalaspis westolli Russell 1954
†Cephalaspis whitei Stensio 1932
†Cephalaspis wyomingensis Bryant 1933
G. †Mimetaspis Stensio 1958
+
†Mimetaspis concordis Voichyshyn 1994
†Mimetaspis glazewskii Janvier 1985
†Mimetaspis hoeli Wängsjö 1952
G. †Pattenaspis Stensio 1958
+
†Pattenaspis acuminata Wängsjö 1952
†Pattenaspis bardenheueri Friman and Janvier 1986
†Pattenaspis rogalai Balabai 1962
†Pattenaspis woschmidti Friman and Janvier 1986
Or. †Thyestiida Janvier 1996
+
G. †Auchenaspis Egerton 1857
+
†Auchenaspis egertoni Lankester 1870
†Auchenaspis salteri Egerton 1857
Superfm. †Kiaeraspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
+
G. †Didymaspis Lankester 1867
Fm. †Kiaeraspididae Stensio 1932
Superfm. †Tremataspidoidea Afanassieva 1991
+
G. †Aestiaspis Janvier and Lelievre 1994
G. †Saaremaaspis Robertson 1938
G. †Tyriaspis Heintz 1967
Or. †Tremataspidiformes Berg 1937
+
G. †Tahulaspis Märss et al. 2014
+
†Tahulaspis ordinata Märss et al. 2014
†Tahulaspis praevia Märss et al. 2014
Fm. †Tremataspididae Schmidt 1866
+
G. †Dartmuthia Patten 1931
G. †Dobraspis Mark-Kurik and Janvier 1997
G. †Sclerodus Agassiz 1839
G. †Tannuaspis Obruchev 1956
G. †Timanaspis Kossovoi and Obruchev 1962
Subfm. †Tremataspidinae Woodward 1891
G. †Waengsjoeaspis Janvier 1985
+
†Waengsjoeaspis excellens Janvier 1985
†Waengsjoeaspis nahanniensis Adrian and Wilson 1994
†Waengsjoeaspis platycornis Scott and Wilson 2012
Or. †Zenaspidida Stensio 1958
+
Fm. †Parameteoraspididae Sansom 2009
+
Subfm. †Escuminaspidinae Arsenault and Janvier 1995
G. †Parameteoraspis Blieck et al. 1987
G. †Spangenhelmaspis Sansom 2009
+
†Spangenhelmaspis quadrata Wangsjo 1952
†Spangenhelmaspis staxrudi Stensio 1927
Fm. †Superciliaspididae Scott and Wilson 2015
+
G. †Dentapelta Scott and Wilson 2015
G. †Glabrapelta Scott and Wilson 2015
G. †Superciliaspis Adrain and Wilson 1994
G. †Wladysagitta Voichyshyn 2006
+
†Wladysagitta janvieri Voichyshyn 2006
+
Invalid names: Cephalaspis acutirostrus Stensio 1932 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Zenaspididae Stensio 1958
+
G. †Diademaspis Janvier 1985
G. †Machairaspis Janvier 1985
G. †Scolenaspis Jarvik 1954
G. †Stensiopelta Denison 1951
G. †Tegaspis Wängsjö 1952
G. †Zenaspis Lankaster 1869
Supercl. †Osteostracomorphii
+
Cl. †Cephalaspidomorphi Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971
+
Or. †Atelaspidiformes Tarlo 1967
+
G. †Ateleaspis Traquair 1899
+
Invalid names: Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym], Aceraspis Kiaer 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cephalaspidida Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971 [empty], Galeaspidiformes [empty], Monorhina [synonym], Pituriaspidiformes [empty]
G. †Palaeoxyris Brongniart 1828
+
†Palaeoxyris alternus Fischer et al. 2011
†Palaeoxyris regularis Brogniart 1828
Invalid names: Sporlederia Stiehler 1860 [nomen nudum]
Supercl. †Thelodontomorphi Jackel 1911
+
Cl. †Thelodonti Jaekel 1911
+
G. †Apalolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968
+
†Apalolepis angelica Blom and Goujet 2002
†Apalolepis brotzeni Karatajute-Talimaa 1978
†Apalolepis obruchevi Karatajute-Talimaa 1968
†Apalolepis toombsi Turner 1973
G. †Canonia Vieth 1980
+
†Canonia costulata Märss et al. 2002
†Canonia grossi Vieth 1980
†Canonia kaerberi Marss et al. 2007
Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998
+
Fm. †Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002
G. †Furcacauda
+
†Furcacauda fredholmae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
†Furcacauda heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976
+
Invalid names: Sigurdia heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976 [replaced]
G. †Lanarkia Traquair 1898
G. †Nikolivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1978
G. †Pezopallichthyes
G. †Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998
Invalid names: Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002 [valid], Cometicercus Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Drepanolepis [valid], Furcacauda [valid], Lanarkia Traquair 1898 [valid], Nikolivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [valid], Pezopallichthyes [valid], Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998 [valid], Sphenonectris [valid]
Or. †Loganelliformes
+
Fm. †Loganelliidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997
+
Invalid names: Loganiidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [replaced]
Fm. †Nunavutiidae Märss et al. 2002
Or. †Phlebolepidiformes Berg 1937
+
Fm. †Katoporididae Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970
Fm. †Phlebolepididae Berg 1940
Or. †Thelodontiformes Kiaer 1932
+
Fm. †Apalolepidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978
Fm. †Archipelepididae Soehn et al. 2001
G. †Australolepis
G. †Boothialepis Marss 1999
Fm. †Eestilepididae Märss et al. 2002
G. †Kawalepsis
Fm. †Lanarkiidae Obruchev 1949
Fm. †Nikoliviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978
Fm. †Talivaliidae Märss et al. 2002
Fm. †Thelodontidae
Invalid names: Coelolepidiformes Berg 1937 [synonym], Thelodontida [synonym]
G. †Valiukia Karatajute-Talimaa and Marss 2002
+
†Valiukia flabellata Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002
Invalid names: Archipelepidiformes [empty]
G. †Zamponiopteron Janvier and Riglos 1986
+
†Zamponiopteron falciformis Janvier and Riglos 1986
†Zamponiopteron spinifera Janvier and Riglos 1986
†Zamponiopteron triangularis Janvier and Riglos 1986
Invalid names: Acrania Haeckel [empty], Anaspidomorphi [empty], Cephalaspidomorpha [empty], Craniata Linnaeus 1758 [objective synonym], Eotetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Herpetichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Mannodon Ameghino 1893 [nomen vanum], Myzichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Ophis Goldfuss 1831 [nomen nudum], Ostracophori [empty], Petromyzontomorphi [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty], Protetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Saurornia Seeley 1866 [empty], Thoracophis Troschel 1854 [nomen nudum], Tidaeus Ameghino 1890 [nomen vanum]
G. †Yunnanozoon Hou et al. 1991
+
†Yunnanozoon lividum Hou et al. 1991
+
Invalid names: Haikouella jianshanensis Shu et al. 2003 [synonym], Haikouella lanceolata Chen et al. 1999 [synonym]
Invalid names: Haikouella Chen et al. 1999 [synonym]
Invalid names: Olfactores Jefferies 1991 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available