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Gruiformes
Taxonomy
Gruiformes was named by Bonaparte (1854). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Gruiformes by Zittel (1890), Jaekel (1911) and Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Gruiformes by Mayr (2005).
It was assigned to Carinatae by Gadow (1898); to Alectromorphae by Jaekel (1911); to Carinatae by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); to Neognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988) and Kurochkin (2000); to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Charadriimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aves by Mourer-Chauvire et al. (2011); and to Aves by Parmalee (1992) and del Hoyo et al. (2014).
It was reranked as the suborder Gruiformes by Zittel (1890), Jaekel (1911) and Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Gruiformes by Mayr (2005).
It was assigned to Carinatae by Gadow (1898); to Alectromorphae by Jaekel (1911); to Carinatae by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); to Neognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988) and Kurochkin (2000); to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Charadriimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aves by Mourer-Chauvire et al. (2011); and to Aves by Parmalee (1992) and del Hoyo et al. (2014).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Gruiformes Bonaparte |
| 1890 | Gruiformes Zittel p. 846 |
| 1898 | Gruiformes Gadow p. 34 |
| 1911 | Gruiformes Jaekel p. 175 |
| 1930 | Gruiformes Hay p. 330 |
| 1940 | Gruiformes Wetmore p. 48 |
| 1960 | Gruiformes Wetmore p. 26 |
| 1988 | Gruiformes Carroll |
| 1992 | Gruiformes Parmalee p. 313 |
| 2000 | Gruiformes Kurochkin p. 551 |
| 2005 | Gruiformes Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Gruiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 91 |
| 2011 | Gruiformes Mourer-Chauvire et al. p. 817 |
| 2014 | Gruiformes del Hoyo et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Gruiformes Bonaparte 1854
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Fm. Aramidae Bonaparte 1854 [limpkin]
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G. Aramus Viellot 1816 [limpkin]
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Aramus guarauna Linnaeus 1762 [limpkin]
Aramus guarauna pictus Meyer 1794
†Aramus paludigrus Rasmussen 1997
Subor. Cariamae Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Ameghinornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1981
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Infraor. Cariamides
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Superfm. Cariamoidea
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Fm. †Hermosiornithidae Kraglievich 1932
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G. †Mesembriornis Moreno 1889
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Invalid names: Hermosiornis Rovereto 1914 [synonym], Palaeociconia Moreno 1889 [synonym], Prophororhacos [synonym]
Fm. †Idiornithidae Brodkorb 1965
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G. †Dynamopterus Milne-Edward 1891
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†Dynamopterus boulei Gaillard 1939
†Dynamopterus gaillardi Cracraft 1973
†Dynamopterus gallicus Milne-Edwards 1891
†Dynamopterus gracilis Milne-Edwards 1892
†Dynamopterus minor Milne-Edwards 1891
†Dynamopterus tuberculatus Peters 1995
†Dynamopterus velox Milne-Edwards 1891
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Invalid names: Idiornis cursor Milne-Edwards 1892 [synonym]
G. †Oblitavis Mourer-Chauvire 1983
G. †Occitaniavis Mourer-Chauvire 1983
Fm. †Phorusrhacidae Ameghino 1889 [terror bird]
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G. †Andalgalornis Patterson and Kraglievich 1960
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†Andalgalornis ferox Patterson and Kraglievich 1960
†Andalgalornis steulleti Kraglievich 1931
Subfm. †Brontornithinae Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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G. †Ameghinia Sharpe
Invalid names: Callornis Ameghino 1894 [nomen dubium]
G. †Devincenzia Kraglievich 1932
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†Devincenzia gallinali Kraglievich 1932
†Devincenzia pozzi Kraglievich, 1931
Invalid names: Onactornis Cabrera 1939 [synonym]
G. †Liornis Ameghino 1894
Subfm. †Mesembriornithinae
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Invalid names: Hermosiorninae Rovereto 1914 [synonym], Prophororhacinae [synonym]
Subfm. †Patagornithinae Mercerat 1897
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G. †Patagornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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†Patagornis marshi Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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Invalid names: Palaeociconia cristata Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos inflatus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Morenomerceraria Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Tolmodus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Palaeociconiinae [synonym], Tolmodinae Kraglievich, 1932 [synonym]
Subfm. †Phorusrhacinae Ameghino 1899
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G. †Phorusrhacos Ameghino 1887
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†Phororhacos affinis Ameghino 1899
†Phororhacos deautieri Kraglievich 1931
†Phorusrhacos longissimus Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Callornis giganteus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Darwinornis copei Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Darwinornis socialis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Darwinornis zitteli Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Eucallornis giganteus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Liornis minor Dolgopol de Saez 1927 [synonym], Mesembriornis quatrefragesi Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Mesembriornis studeri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Owenornis affinis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Owenornis lydekkeri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos platygnathus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos sehuensis Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Stereornis gaudryi Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Stereornis rollieri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Titanornis mirabilis Mercerat 1893 [synonym]
Invalid names: Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Eucallornis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Owenornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Stephanornis Mercerat 1893 [synonym], Stereornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Titanornis Mercerat 1893 [synonym]
G. †Physornis Ameghino 1895
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Subfm. †Psilopterinae Dolgopol de Saez 1927
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G. †Eleutherornis Schaub 1940
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†Eleutherornis cotei Galliard 1936
†Eleutherornis helveticus Schaub 1940
G. †Psilopterus Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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†Psilopterus bachmanni Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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Invalid names: Phororhacos delicatus Amegino 1891 [synonym]
†Psilopterus colzecus Tonni and Tambussi 1988
†Psilopterus communis Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Psilopterus intermedius Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Psilopterus lemoinei Moreno and Mercerat 1891
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Invalid names: Pelecyornis tubulatus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Phororhacos modicus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Psilopterus australis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Staphylornis erythacus Mercerat 1897 [synonym], Staphylornis gallardoi Mercerat 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelecyornis Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Staphylornis Mercerat 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelecyorninae Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Darwinornithidae Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Devincenziidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym], Mesembriorniidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Otides Sibley 1988 [empty], Phororhacoidea Patterson 1941 [invalid subgroup], Phororhacosidae Ameghino 1889 [empty]
Subor. Eurypygae
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Infraor. Rhynochetides Sharpe 1891
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Subfm. Aptornithinae Bonaparte 1856
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G. †Aptornis Mantell 1848
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†Aptornis defossor Owen 1871
†Aptornis otidiformes Owen 1844
†Aptornis proasciarostratus Worthy et al. 2011
Subor. Grues Bonaparte 1854
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G. †Rupelrallus Fischer 1997
Invalid names: Psophioidea [empty]
Fm. Gruidae Vigors 1825 [crane]
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G. Antigone Reichenbach 1853
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Antigone antigone Linnaeus 1758 [Sarus crane]
Antigone canadensis Linnaeus 1758 [Sandhill crane]
Antigone canadensis pratensis Meyer 1794 [sandhill crane]
†Antigone cubensis Fischer and Stephan 1971
Antigone rubicunda Perry 1810 [brolga]
Antigone vipio Pallas 1811 [White-naped crane]
Subfm. Balearicinae Brasil 1913
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G. Balearica Brisson [crowned cranes]
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†Balearica excelsa Milne-Edwards 1871
Balearica pavonina Linnaeus 1758 [Black crowned-crane]
Balearica regulorum Bennett 1834 [Grey crowned-crane]
Subfm. Gruinae
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G. †Aletornis Marsh 1872
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†Aletornis bellus Marsh 1872
†Aletornis gracilis Marsh 1872
†Aletornis nobilis Marsh 1872
†Aletornis pernix Marsh 1872
†Aletornis venustus Marsh 1872
G. Anthropoides Vieillot 1816 [cranes]
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Anthropoides paradiseus Lichtenstein 1793 [Blue crane]
Anthropoides virgo Linnaeus 1758 [Demoiselle crane]
G. Grus Brisson 1760 [crane]
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Grus americana Linnaeus 1758 [Whooping crane]
†Grus conferta Miller and Sibley 1942
Grus grus Linnaeus 1758 [Common crane]
Grus japonensis Muller 1776 [Red-crowned crane]
†Grus latipes Wetmore 1960
†Grus marshi Shufeldt 1915
†Grus melitensis Lydekker 1890
†Grus minor Miller 1910
†Grus moldavica Kurochkin and Ganea 1972
Grus monacha Temminck 1835 [Hooded crane]
†Grus nannodes Wetmore and Martin 1930
Grus nigricollis Przevalski 1876 [Black-necked crane]
†Grus pagei Campbell Jr. 1995
†Grus pentellici Gaudry 1862
†Grus primigenia Milne-Edwards 1871
†Grus proavus Marsh 1872
†Grus turfa Portis 1884
Invalid names: Baeopteryx Wetmore 1960 [synonym], Megalornis Gray 1841 [synonym]
G. †Palaeogrus Portis 1884
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†Palaeogrus hordwelliensis Lydekker 1891
†Palaeogrus princeps Lydekker 1891
G. †Protogrus Lambrecht 1933
Fm. Heliornithidae Gray 1841
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Fm. †Messelornithidae
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Fm. Psophiidae Bonaparte 1831
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G. Psophia Linnaeus 1758 [trumpeters]
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Psophia crepitans Linnaeus 1758 [Grey-winged trumpeter]
Psophia dextralis Conover 1934 [Olive-winged trumpeter]
Psophia leucoptera Spix 1825 [White-winged trumpeter]
Psophia obscura Pelzeln 1857 [Black-winged trumpeter]
Psophia ochroptera Pelzeln 1857 [Ochre-winged trumpeter]
Psophia viridis Spix 1825 [Green-winged trumpeter]
Fm. Rallidae Vigors 1825 [rail]
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G. Amaurornis Reichenbach 1853
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Amaurornis cinerea Vieillot 1819 [white-browed crake]
Amaurornis isabellina Schlegel 1865 [Isabelline bush-hen]
Amaurornis magnirostris Lambert 1998 [Talaud bush-hen]
Amaurornis marginalis Hartlaub 1857 [Striped crake]
Amaurornis moluccana Wallace 1865 [Pale-vented bush-hen]
Amaurornis olivacea Meyen 1834 [plain bush-hen]
Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant 1769 [white-breasted waterhen]
Invalid names: Poliolimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
G. Aramides Pucheran 1845
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Aramides cajaneus Statius Muller 1776 [Gray-necked wood-rail]
Aramides saracura Spix 1825 [Slaty-breasted wood-rail]
G. Atlantisia Lowe 1923
G. †Australlus Worthy and Boles 2011
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†Australlus disneyi Boles 2005
†Australlus gagensis Worthy and Boles 2011
G. Coturnicops Gray 1825
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†Coturnicops avita Feduccia 1968
Coturnicops noveboracensis Gmelin 1789 [yellow rail]
G. Dryolimnas Sharpe 1893
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†Dryolimnas augusti Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1999 [Réunion rail]
Dryolimnas cuvieri Pucheran 1845 [white-throated rail]
G. Fulica Linnaeus 1758
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Fulica alai Peale 1848 [Hawaiian coot]
Fulica ardesiaca Tschudi 1843 [Andean coot]
Fulica armillata Vieillot 1817 [red-gartered coot]
†Fulica chathamensis Forbes 1892 [Chatham coot]
†Fulica chathamensis chathamensis Olson 1975
Fulica cornuta Bonaparte 1853 [Horned coot]
Fulica cristata Gmelin 1789 [red-knobbed coot]
Fulica gigantea Eydoux and Souleyet 1841 [Giant coot]
†Fulica infelix Brodkorb 1961
Fulica leucoptera Vieillot 1817 [white-winged coot]
†Fulica newtonii Milne-Edwards 1867 [Mascarene coot]
†Fulica picapicensis Fisher and Stephan 1971
†Fulica podagrica Brodkorb 1965 [coot]
†Fulica prisca Hamilton 1893 [New Zealand coot]
Fulica rufifrons Philppi and Landbeck 1861 [red-fronted coot]
†Fulica stekelesi Tchernov 1968
G. †Fulicaletornis Lambrecht 1933
Subfm. †Fulicinae Nitzsch 1820
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G. †Nesophalaris Brodkorb and Dawson 1962
G. †Palaeolimnas Forbes 1892
G. Gallinula Brisson 1760 [moorhen]
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†Gallinula balcanica Boev 1997
Gallinula chloropus Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian moorhen]
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Invalid names: Gallinula brodkorbi McCoy 1963 [synonym]
†Gallinula gigantea Tchernov 1980
†Gallinula hodgenorum Scarlett 1955 [Hodgen's rail]
†Gallinula kansarum Brodkorb 1967
†Gallinula peralta De Vis 1892
†Gallinula strenuipes De Vis 1888
Gallinula tenebrosa Gould 1846 [dusky moorhen]
G. Gallirallus Lafresnaye 1841
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†Gallirallus astolfoi Salvador et al. 2021
Gallirallus australis Sparrman 1786 [weka]
†Gallirallus dieffenbachii Gray 1843 [Dieffenbach's rail]
†Gallirallus epulare Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Nuku Hiva rail]
†Gallirallus gracilitibia Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Ua Huka rail]
†Gallirallus huiatua Steadman et al. 2000
†Gallirallus insignis Forbes 1892
Gallirallus lafresnayanus Verreaux and des Murs 1860 [New Caledonian rail]
†Gallirallus minor Hamilton 1892
†Gallirallus modestus Hutton 1872 [Chatham Islands rail]
Gallirallus okinawae Yamashina and Mano 1981 [Okinawa rail]
Gallirallus owstoni Rothschild 1895 [Guam rail]
Gallirallus philippensis Linnaeus 1766 [buff-banded rail]
†Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis Hutton 1879 [Macquarie Island rail]
†Gallirallus ripleyi Steadman 1987 [Mangaia rail]
†Gallirallus roletti Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Tahuata rail]
†Gallirallus storrsolsoni Kirchman and Steadman 2006
†Gallirallus vekamatolu Kirchman and Steadman 2005 [Eua rail]
Invalid names: Hypotaenidia Reichenbach 1853 [synonym], Ocydromus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Tricholimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
Subfm. Himantornithinae Bonaparte 1856
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G. Himantornis Hartlaub 1855 [Nkulengu rails]
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Himantornis haematopus Hartlaub 1855 [Nkulengu rail]
G. Laterallus Bonaparte 1854
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Laterallus exilis Temminck 1831 [gray-breasted crake]
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Invalid names: Laterallus guti Brodkorb 1952 [synonym]
†Laterallus insignis Feduccia 1968
Laterallus jamaicensis Gmelin 1789 [Black rail]
Laterallus melanophaius Vieillot 1819 [Rufous-sided crake]
G. †Latipons Harrison and Walker 1979
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†Latipons gardneri Harrison and Walker 1979
†Latipons robinsoni Harrison and Walker 1979
G. †Microtribonyx Sharpe 1892
G. †Nesotrochis Wetmore 1918 [cave-rail]
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†Nesotrochis debooyi Wetmore 1918
†Nesotrochis steganinos Olson 1974
G. †Palaeoaramides Lambrecht 1933
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†Palaeoaramides beaumontii Milne-Edwards 1869
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Invalid names: Rallus dispar Milne-Edwards 1871 [synonym]
†Palaeoaramides christyi Milne-Edwards 1871
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Invalid names: Rallus eximius Milne-Edwards 1869 [synonym]
†Palaeoaramides lungi Kurochkin and Ganea 1972
†Palaeoaramides minutus Cracraft 1973
Invalid names: Pararallus Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Tertiariaporphyrula Kurochkin and Ganea 1972 [synonym]
G. †Palaeorallus Wetmore 1931
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†Palaeorallus brodkorbi Cracraft 1973
†Palaeorallus troxelli Wetmore 1931
G. †Parvirallus Harrison and Walker 1979
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†Parvirallus bassetti Harrison 1984
†Parvirallus gassoni Harrison 1984
†Parvirallus gracilis Harrison and Walker 1979
†Parvirallus medius Harrison 1984
G. †Pediorallus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Porphyrio Brisson 1760
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†Porphyrio albus White 1790 [White swamphen]
Porphyrio alleni Thomson 1842 [Allen's gallinule]
†Porphyrio caerulescens Selys Longchamps 1848 [Reunion gallinule]
Porphyrio flavirostris Gmelin 1789 [Azure gallinule]
Porphyrio hochstetteri Meyer 1883 [South Island takahe]
†Porphyrio kukwiedei Balouet and Olson 1989 [New Caledonia gallinule]
†Porphyrio mackintoshi De Vis 1892
†Porphyrio mantelli Owen 1848 [North Island takahe]
Porphyrio martinica Linnaeus 1766 [purple gallinule]
Porphyrio martinicus Linnaeus 1766 [purple gallinule]
†Porphyrio mcnabi Kirchman and Steadman 2006
Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820 [Australasian swamphen]
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Porphyrio melanotus samoensis Peale 1848
†Porphyrio melanotus nujagura Boles and Mackness 1994
†Porphyrio paepae Steadman 1988 [Marquesan swamphen]
Porphyrio porphyrio Linnaeus 1758 [western swamphen]
†Porphyrio porphyrio nujagura Boles and Backness 1994
Invalid names: Ionornis Reichebach 1853 [synonym], Notornis Owen 1848 [synonym], Porphyrula Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
G. Porzana Vieillot 1816
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Porzana albicollis Vieillot 1819 [Ash-throated crake]
†Porzana astrictocarpus Olson 1973 [Saint Helena crake]
Porzana carolina Linnaeus 1758 [sora]
†Porzana estramosi Jánossy 1979
Porzana fasciata Sclater and Salvin 1868 [Black-banded crake]
Porzana fluminea Gould 1843 [Australian crake]
†Porzana keplerorum Olson and James 1991
†Porzana menehune Olson and James 1991
†Porzana piercei Olson and Wingate 2000 [lesser Bermuda crake]
Porzana porzana Linnaeus 1766 [spotted crake]
†Porzana ralphorum Olson and James 1991
†Porzana rua Steadman 1987 [Mangaia crake]
†Porzana severnsi Olson and James 1991
Porzana spiloptera Durnford 1877 [Dot-winged crake]
†Porzana ziegleri Olson and James 1991
G. †Quercyrallus Lambrecht 1933
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†Quercyrallus arenarius Milne-Edwards 1891
†Quercyrallus ludianus Brodkorb 1963
†Quercyrallus quercy Cracraft 1973
G. †Rallicrex Lambrecht 1933
+
†Rallicrex kolozsvarensis Lambrecht 1933
†Rallicrex polgardiensis Jánossy 1991
G. Rallina Gray 1846
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Rallina eurizonoides Lafresnaye 1845 [slaty-legged crake]
Rallina tricolor Gray 1858 [red-necked crake]
Subfm. Rallinae Vigors 1825
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G. †Aphanapteryx Frauenfeld 1868
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†Aphanapteryx bonasia Frauenfeld 1868 [red rail]
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Invalid names: Didus broeckii Schegel 1854 [synonym]
G. †Belgirallus Mayr and Smith 2001
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†Belgirallus minutus Mayr and Smith 2001
†Belgirallus oligocaenus Mayr and Smith 2001
G. †Eulabeornis Gould 1844 [Chestnut rail]
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†Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould 1844 [Chestnut rail]
G. Gymnocrex Salvadori 1875 [rails]
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Gymnocrex plumbeiventris Gray 1862 [Bare-eyed rail]
Gymnocrex rosenbergii Schlegel 1866 [Blue-faced rail]
Gymnocrex talaudensis Lambert 1998 [Talaud rail]
G. Pareudiastes Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [moorhen]
+
Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [Samoan moorhen]
Pareudiastes silvestris Mayr 1933 [Makira moorhen]
G. Rallus Linnaeus 1758
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Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 [water rail]
†Rallus cyanocavi Steadman et al. 2013
Rallus elegans Audubon 1834 [king rail]
†Rallus ibycus Olson and Wingate 2000 [lesser Bermuda rail]
Rallus limicola Vieillot 1819 [Virginia rail]
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Invalid names: Porzana auffenbergi Brodkorb 1954 [synonym]
Rallus longirostris Boddaert 1783 [mangrove rail]
†Rallus natator Miller 1942
†Rallus phillipsi Wetmore 1957
†Rallus prenticei Wetmore 1944
†Rallus recessus Olson and Wingate 2001 [flightless rail]
†Rallus sumiderensis Fischer and Stephan 1971
Rallus virginianus Linnaeus 1766
Invalid names: Epirallus Miller 1942 [synonym]
G. Tribonyx Du Bus de Gisignies 1840
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†Tribonyx effluxus De Vis 1892
Tribonyx hodgenorum Olson 1986 [Hodgen's waterhen]
Tribonyx mortierii Du Bus de Gisignies 1840 [Tasmanian nativehen]
†Tribonyx mortierii repertus De Vis 1888
Tribonyx ventralis Gould 1837 [black-tailed nativehen]
G. †Youngornis Yeh 1981
G. Zapornia Leach 1816
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Zapornia atra North 1908 [Henderson Island crake]
Zapornia flavirostra Swainson 1837 [Black crake]
Zapornia fusca Linnaeus 1766 [ruddy-breasted crake]
Zapornia parva Scopoli 1769 [Little crake]
Zapornia pusilla Pallas 1776 [Baillon's crake]
†Zapornia sandwichensis Gmelin 1789 [Hawaiian rail]
Zapornia tabuensis Gmelin 1789 [spotless crake]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available