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Thyreophora

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Thyreophora was named by Nopcsa (1915). It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008) and Butler and Sullivan (2009).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Thyreophora by Sereno (1986), Bakker (1986), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Norman et al. (2004), Weishampel (2004), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Han et al. (2012), Yang et al. (2013), Arbour et al. (2014), Leahey et al. (2015), Arbour and Evans (2017), Madzia et al. (2018), Zheng et al. (2018), Murray et al. (2019), Herne et al. (2019), Dieudonné et al. (2020), Rozadilla et al. (2021) and Riguetti et al. (2022).

It was assigned to Orthopoda by Nopcsa (1923) and Huene (1929); to Orthopoda by Casamiquela (1964); to Neornithischia by Cooper (1985); to Predentata by Bakker (1986); to Ornithischia by Huene (1927), Huene (1948), Huene (1954), Huene (1958), Norman (1984), de Valais et al. (2003) and Ulansky (2014); to Genasauria by Sereno (1986), Benton (1990), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Norman et al. (2004), Weishampel (2004), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Butler and Sullivan (2009), Madzia et al. (2018) and Dieudonné et al. (2020); and to Ornithischia by Rauhut (2003), Sánchez-Hernández et al. (2007), Han et al. (2012), Yang et al. (2013), Arbour et al. (2014), Leahey et al. (2015), Arbour and Evans (2017), Zheng et al. (2018), Murray et al. (2019), Herne et al. (2019), Rozadilla et al. (2021) and Riguetti et al. (2022).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1877Omosaurus hastiger Owen p. 95 figs. 23-24
1888Omosaurus hastiger Lydekker p. 179
1890Stegosaurus hastiger Lydekker p. 252
1890Omosaurus hastiger Woodward and Sherborn p. 253
1901Omosaurus hastiger Nopcsa p. 214
1902Omosaurus hastiger Sauvage p. 408
1915Dacentrurus hastiger Hennig p. 11
1915Thyreophora Nopcsa p. 13
1923Thyreophora Nopcsa p. 126
1927Thyreophora Huene p. 256
1929Thyreophora Huene p. 155
1939Omosaurus hastiger Kuhn p. 113
1948Thyreophora Huene p. 95
1953Stegosaurides Bohlin p. 66 fig. 41
1953Stegosaurides excavatus Bohlin p. 66 fig. 41
1953Peishansaurus Bohlin p. 67
1953Peishansaurus philemys Bohlin p. 67 figs. 42; Pl. 1, 9
1954Thyreophora Huene p. 51
1956Peishansaurus Romer p. 636
1956Stegosaurides Romer p. 636
1957Lusitanosaurus liasicus Lapparent and Zbyszewski
1957Lusitanosaurus Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 21
1957Lusitanosaurus liasicus Lapparent and Zbyszewski pp. 47-48
1958Peishanosaurus Huene p. 206
1958Stegosaurides Huene p. 206
1958Thyreophora Huene p. 206
1959Peishansaurus Huene p. 122
1959Stegosaurides Huene p. 122
1959Stegosaurides Young p. 8
1959Stegosaurides excavatus Young p. 8
1964Thyreophora Casamiquela
1964Lusitanosaurus Ginsburg p. 2367
1964Lusitanosaurus liasicus Ginsburg p. 2367
1964Lusitanosaurus Kuhn p. 11
1964Lusitanosaurus liasicus Kuhn p. 11
1964Peishansaurus Kuhn p. 50
1964Peishansaurus philemys Kuhn p. 50
1964Stegosaurides Kuhn p. 52
1964Stegosaurides excavatus Kuhn p. 52
1964Lusitanosaurus Tatarinov p. 572
1964Stegosaurides Tatarinov p. 577
1965Tatisaurus Simmons p. 65
1965Tatisaurus oehleri Simmons p. 65 fig. 11
1966Lusitanosaurus Romer p. 370
1966Peishansaurus Romer p. 370
1966Stegosaurides Romer p. 370
1966Tatisaurus Romer p. 370
1967Lusitanosaurus Charig p. 715
1967Lusitanosaurus liasicus Charig p. 715
1970Tatisaurus Thulborn p. 428 fig. 9
1971Tatisaurus Thulborn p. 77
1972Tatisaurus Galton p. 465
1972Tatisaurus Thulborn p. 57
1973Dacentrurus hastiger Delair p. 6
1974Lusitanosaurus Thulborn p. 172
1975Lusitanosaurus Thulborn p. 134
1975Lusitanosaurus liasicus Thulborn p. 134
1977Tatisaurus Rozhdestvensky p. 113
1977Tatisaurus oehleri Rozhdestvensky p. 113
1978Tatisaurus Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1978Stegosaurides Coombs
1978Peishansaurus Coombs p. 144
1978Stegosaurides Coombs p. 144
1981Tatisaurus Colbert p. 50
1983Tatisaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983Tatisaurus oehleri Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1983Tatisaurus Zhao p. 302
1984Thyreophora Norman p. 160 fig. 2
1985Thyreophorina Cooper p. 287
1985Lusitanosaurus Galton p. 251
1985Lusitanosaurus liasicus Galton p. 251
1986Thyreophora Bakker p. 461
1986Tatisaurus Battail p. 50
1986Thyreophora Sereno
1986Lusitanosaurus Zhou p. 35
1988Lusitanosaurus Carroll
1988Stegosaurides Carroll
1990Thyreophora Benton p. 19
1990Tatisaurus Dong p. 257
1990Tatisaurus oehleri Dong p. 257
1991Taveirosaurus Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 116
1991Taveirosaurus costai Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell p. 116
1992Taveirosaurus Antunes and Sigogneau p. 56
1992Taveirosaurus costai Antunes and Sigogneau p. 56
1992Peishansaurus Dong p. 166
1992Stegosaurides Dong p. 166
1992Tatisaurus Dong p. 166
1992Tatisaurus oehleri Dong p. 166
1994Stegosaurides excavatus Dong p. 2098
1996Taveirosaurus Galton pp. 88-89
1996Taveirosaurus costai Galton pp. 88-89
1996Scelidosaurus oehleri Lucas
1997Peishansaurus philemys Mateer p. 662
1997Thyreophora Sereno p. 443
1998Thyreophora Sereno p. 61
1999Thyreophora Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2001Bienosaurus Dong p. 238
2001Bienosaurus lufengensis Dong p. 238 figs. 17.1-17.2
2001Lusitanosaurus Dong p. 241
2001Lusitanosaurus liasicus Pereda Suberbiola and Galton p. 150
2003Thyreophora Rauhut p. 16
2003Thyreophora de Valais et al. p. 631
2004Tatisaurus Irmis p. 16
2004Tatisaurus oehleri Irmis p. 16
2004Bienosaurus Norman et al. p. 337
2004Bienosaurus lufengensis Norman et al. p. 337
2004Tatisaurus Norman et al. p. 337
2004Tatisaurus oehleri Norman et al. p. 337
2004Thyreophora Norman et al. p. 342 fig. 15.6
2004Thyreophora Weishampel p. 323
2007Thyreophora Butler et al. p. 2044
2007Thyreophora Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 204
2008Thyreophora Butler et al. pp. 13-16 figs. 2-4
2009Thyreophora Butler and Sullivan p. 22
2009Bienosaurus lufengensis Xing et al. p. 17
2009Tatisaurus oehleri Xing et al. p. 17
2012Thyreophora Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14
2013Thyreophora Yang et al. p. 268
2014Thyreophora Arbour et al.
2014Bienosaurus lufengensis Han et al. p. 1
2014Sinopelta Ulansky
2014Sinopelta minima Ulansky
2014Andhrasaurus Ulansky p. 4
2014Andhrasaurus indicus Ulansky p. 4
2014Bienosaurus Ulansky p. 4
2014Bienosaurus lufengensis Ulansky p. 4
2014Lusitanosaurus Ulansky p. 4
2014Lusitanosaurus liasicus Ulansky p. 4
2014Scelidosaurus arizonensis Ulansky p. 4
2014Sinopelta Ulansky p. 4
2014Sinopelta minima Ulansky p. 4
2014Tatisaurus Ulansky p. 4
2014Tatisaurus oehleri Ulansky p. 4
2014Thyreophora Ulansky p. 4
2014Lusitanosaurus liasicus Ulansky p. 8
2014Scelidosaurus arizonensis Ulansky p. 8
2014Andhrasaurus Ulansky p. 9
2014Andhrasaurus indicus Ulansky p. 9
2014Bienosaurus lufengensis Ulansky p. 9
2014Sinopeltosaurus Ulansky p. 9
2014Sinopeltosaurus minimus Ulansky p. 9
2014Tatisaurus oehleri Ulansky p. 9
2015Thyreophora Leahey et al.
2016Bienosaurus lufengensis Xing et al. p. 730
2016Tatisaurus oehleri Xing et al. p. 730
2017Thyreophora Arbour and Evans p. 7
2017Bienosaurus lufengensis Xing et al. p. 8
2017Tatisaurus oehleri Xing et al. p. 8
2018Thyreophora Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4
2018Thyreophora Zheng et al.
2019Lusitanosaurus liasicus Costa and Mateus p. 5
2019Thyreophora Herne et al. p. 574 fig. 25
2019Thyreophora Murray et al.
2020Thyreophora Dieudonné et al.
2021Thyreophora Rozadilla et al. p. 2
2022Thyreophora Riguetti et al. p. 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
RankNameAuthor
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Ornithischia()
—Genasauria
—Thyreophora()
—Thyreophora()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Thyreophora Nopcsa 1915
show all | hide all
Unr. †Ankylosauria Osborn 1923 [ankylosaur]
+
Fm. †Ankylosauridae Brown 1908 [ankylosaurid]
+
G. †Ahshislepelta Burns and Sullivan 2011
+
†Ahshislepelta minor Burns and Sullivan 2011
G. †Aletopelta Ford and Kirkland 2001
+
†Aletopelta coombsi Ford and Kirkland 2001
Subfm. †Ankylosaurinae Nopcsa 1918
+
Tr. †Ankylosaurini Arbour and Currie 2016
+
G. †Akainacephalus Wiersma and Irmis 2018
G. †Ziapelta Arbour et al. 2014
G. †Ankylosaurus Brown 1908
+
G. †Crichtonpelta Arbour and Currie 2016
+
†Crichtonpelta benxiensis Lü et al. 2007
Tr. †Euoplocephalini Penkalski 2018
+
G. †Anodontosaurus Sternberg 1929
G. †Dyoplosaurus Parks 1924
G. †Euoplocephalus Lambe 1910
+
Invalid names: Stereocephalus Lambe 1902 [replaced]
G. †Platypelta Penkalski 2018
G. †Scolosaurus Nopcsa 1928 [thorn lizard]
G. †Jinyunpelta Zheng et al. 2018
+
†Jinyunpelta sinensis Zheng et al. 2018
G. †Minotaurasaurus Miles and Miles 2009
G. †Nodocephalosaurus Sullivan 1999
+
G. †Oohkotokia Penkalski 2014
+
†Oohkotokia horneri Penkalski 2014
G. †Pinacosaurus Gilmore 1933
+
†Pinacosaurus grangeri Gilmore 1933
+
Invalid names: Pinacosaurus ninghsiensis Young 1935 [synonym], Syrmosaurus viminocaudus Maleev 1952 [synonym]
†Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus Godefroit et al. 1999
Invalid names: Syrmosaurus Maleev 1952 [synonym]
G. †Saichania Maryanska 1977
+
†Saichania chulsanensis Maryanska 1977
+
Invalid names: Shanxia tianzhenensis Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus youngi Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Shanxia Barrett et al. 1998 [synonym], Tianzhenosaurus Pang and Cheng 1998 [synonym]
G. †Talarurus Maleev 1952
+
†Talarurus plicatospineus Maleev 1952
G. †Tarchia Maryanska 1977
+
†Tarchia kielanae Maryanska 1977
+
Invalid names: Minotaurasaurus ramachandrani Miles and Miles 2009 [synonym]
†Tarchia teresae Penkalski and Tumanova 2017
†Tarchia tumanovae Park et al. 2021
G. †Tsagantegia Tumanova 1993
+
†Tsagantegia longicranialis Tumanova 1993
G. †Zaraapelta Arbour et al. 2014
+
†Zaraapelta nomadis Arbour et al. 2014
G. †Zuul Arbour and Evans 2017
+
†Zuul crurivastator Arbour and Evans 2017
G. †Bissektipelta Parish and Barrett 2004
+
†Bissektipelta archibaldi Averianov 2002
G. †Cedarpelta Carpenter et al. 2001
+
†Cedarpelta bilbeyhallorum Carpenter et al. 2001
G. †Chuanqilong Han et al. 2014
+
†Chuanqilong chaoyangensis Han et al. 2014
G. †Datai Xing et al. 2024
+
†Datai yingliangis Xing et al. 2024
G. †Gobisaurus Vickaryous et al. 2001
+
†Gobisaurus domoculus Vickaryous et al. 2001
+
Invalid names: Zhongyuangosaurus luoyangensis Xu et al. 2007 [synonym]
Invalid names: Zhongyuansaurus Xu et al. 2007 [synonym]
G. †Huaxiazhoulong Zhu et al. 2024
+
†Huaxiazhoulong shouwen Zhu et al. 2024
G. †Liaoningosaurus Xu et al. 2001
+
†Liaoningosaurus paradoxus Xu et al. 2001
G. †Shamosaurus Tumanova 1983
+
†Shamosaurus scutatus Tumanova 1983
Invalid names: Dyoplosaurus giganteus Maleev 1956 [nomen dubium], Maleevus Tumanova 1987 [nomen dubium], Minmi Molnar 1980 [nomen dubium], Palaeoscincus asper Lambe 1902 [nomen dubium], Polacanthinae Lapparent and Lavocat 1955 [empty], Shamosaurinae Tumanova 1983 [empty], Stegopeltinae Ford 2000 [empty], Syrmosauridae Maleev 1952 [synonym], Syrmosaurinae Ford 2000 [empty]
G. †Dracopelta Galton 1980
+
†Dracopelta zbyszewskii Galton 1980
G. †Kunbarrasaurus Leahey et al. 2015
+
†Kunbarrasaurus ieversi Leahey et al. 2015
G. †Metatetrapous Ballerstedt 1922
+
†Metatetrapous valdensis Nopcsa 1923
+
Invalid names: Metatetrapous valdense Ballerstedt 1922 [synonym]
Fm. †Nodosauridae Marsh 1890
+
G. †Acantholipan Rivera-Sylva et al. 2018
+
†Acantholipan gonzalezi Rivera-Sylva et al. 2018
G. †Animantarx Carpenter et al. 1999
+
†Animantarx ramaljonesi Carpenter et al. 1999
G. †Anoplosaurus Seeley 1879
+
†Anoplosaurus curtonotus Seeley 1879
G. †Borealopelta Brown et al. 2017
+
†Borealopelta markmitchelli Brown et al. 2017
G. †Dongyangopelta Chen et al. 2013
+
†Dongyangopelta yangyanensis Chen et al. 2013
G. †Edmontonia Sternberg 1928
+
†Edmontonia longiceps Sternberg 1928
+
Invalid names: Denversaurus schlessmani Bakker 1988 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chassternbergia Bakker 1988 [synonym], Denversaurus Bakker 1988 [synonym]
G. †Gargoyleosaurus Carpenter et al. 1998
+
†Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter et al. 1998
G. †Gastonia Kirkland 1998
+
†Gastonia burgei Kirkland 1998
†Gastonia lorriemcwhinneyae Kineer et al. 2016
G. †Glyptodontopelta Ford 2000
+
+
Invalid names: Edmontonia australis Ford 2000 [synonym]
G. †Hoplitosaurus Lucas 1902
+
†Hoplitosaurus marshi Lucas 1901
G. †Hungarosaurus Osi 2005
+
G. †Hylaeosaurus Mantell 1833
+
†Hylaeosaurus armatus Mantell 1833
+
Invalid names: Hylaeosaurus oweni Mantell 1844 [synonym]
G. †Invictarx McDonald and Wolfe 2018
+
†Invictarx zephyri McDonald and Wolfe 2018
G. †Mymoorapelta Kirkland and Carpenter 1994
+
†Mymoorapelta maysi Kirkland and Carpenter 1994
G. †Niobrarasaurus Carpenter et al. 1995
+
†Niobrarasaurus coleii Mehl 1936
G. †Nodosaurus Marsh 1889
+
†Nodosaurus textilis Marsh 1889
G. †Panoplosaurus Lambe 1919
+
†Panoplosaurus mirus Lambe 1919
†Panoplosaurus rugosidens Gilmore 1930
G. †Patagopelta Riguetti et al. 2022
+
†Patagopelta cristata Riguetti et al. 2022
G. †Pawpawsaurus Lee 1996
+
G. †Peloroplites Carpenter et al. 2008
+
†Peloroplites cedrimontanus Carpenter et al. 2008
G. †Polacanthus Fox 1866
+
†Polacanthus foxii Grabau 1921
+
Invalid names: Euacanthus vectianus Owen 1897 [objective synonym], Polacanthus becklesi Hennig 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Euacanthus Owen 1897 [objective synonym], Vectensia Delair 1982 [synonym]
G. †Propanoplosaurus Stanford et al. 2011
+
†Propanoplosaurus marylandicus Stanford et al. 2011
G. †Sauropelta Ostrom 1970
+
†Sauropelta edwardsorum Ostrom 1970
G. †Sauroplites Bohlin 1953
+
†Sauroplites scutiger Bohlin 1953
G. †Silvisaurus Eaton, Jr. 1960
+
†Silvisaurus condrayi Eaton, Jr. 1960
G. †Stegopelta Williston 1905
+
†Stegopelta landerensis Williston 1905
Subfm. †Struthiosaurinae Nopcsa 1923
+
G. †Europelta Kirkland et al. 2013
+
†Europelta carbonensis Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Struthiosaurus Bunzel 1870
+
+
Invalid names: Crataeomus lepidophorus Seeley 1881 [synonym], Crataeomus pawlowitschii Seeley 1881 [synonym], Danubiosaurus anceps Bunzel 1871 [synonym], Hoplosaurus ischyrus Seeley 1881 [synonym], Leipsanosaurus noricus Nopcsa 1918 [synonym], Pleuropeltus suessii Seeley 1881 [synonym]
†Struthiosaurus languedocensis Garcia and Pereda-Suberbiola 2003
Invalid names: Crataeomus Seeley 1881 [synonym], Danubiosaurus Bunzel 1871 [synonym], Leipsanosaurus Nopcsa 1918 [synonym], Pleuropeltus Seeley 1881 [synonym]
G. †Taohelong Yang et al. 2013
+
†Taohelong jinchengensis Yang et al. 2013
G. †Tatankacephalus Parsons and Parsons 2009
+
†Tatankacephalus cooneyorum Parsons and Parsons 2009
G. †Texasetes Coombs 1995
+
†Texasetes pleurohalio Coombs 1995
Invalid names: Acanthopholinae Nopcsa 1902 [synonym], Antarctopelta Salgado and Gasparini 2006 [nomen dubium], Edmontoniinae Russell 1940 [empty], Hylaeosauridae Nopcsa 1902 [synonym], Nodosaurinae Abel 1919 [empty], Palaeoscincidae Nopcsa 1918 [synonym], Panoplosaurinae Nopcsa 1929 [empty], Sauropeltinae Ford 2000 [empty]
Superfm. †Nodosauroidea Bakker 1988
+
Invalid names: Edmontoniidae Bakker 1988 [empty]
Unr. †Parankylosauria Soto-Acuña et al. 2021
+
G. †Stegouros Soto-Acuña et al. 2021
+
†Stegouros elengassen Soto-Acuña et al. 2021
G. †Qijiangpus Xing et al. 2007
+
†Qijiangpus sinensis Xing et al. 2007
G. †Sarcolestes Lydekker 1893
+
†Sarcolestes leedsi Lydekker 1893
G. †Sinankylosaurus Wang et al. 2020
+
†Sinankylosaurus zhuchengensis Wang et al. 2020
G. †Spicomellus Maidment et al. 2021
+
†Spicomellus afer Maidment et al. 2021
G. †Vectipelta Pond et al. 2023
+
†Vectipelta barretti Pond et al. 2023
Invalid names: Acanthopholis Huxley 1867 [nomen dubium], Acanthopholis eucercus Seeley 1879 [nomen dubium], Acanthopholis macrocercus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Apraedentalia Huene 1948 [synonym], Brachypodosaurus Chakravarti 1934 [nomen dubium], Crichtonsaurus Dong 2002 [nomen dubium], Cryptodraco Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Cryptosaurus Seeley 1875 [nomen dubium], Heishansaurus Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Hierosaurus Wieland 1909 [nomen dubium], Palaeoscincus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Palaeoscincus costatus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Polacanthidae Wieland 1911 [empty], Polacanthoides Nopcsa 1928 [nomen dubium], Priconodon Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Priodontognathus Seeley 1875 [nomen dubium], Rhadinosaurus Seeley 1881 [nomen dubium], Rhodanosaurus Nopcsa 1929 [nomen dubium], Stegosaurus madagascariensis Piveteau 1926 [nomen dubium], Tianchiasaurus Dong 1993 [nomen dubium], Zhejiangosaurus Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Emausaurus Haubold 1990
+
†Emausaurus ernsti Haubold 1990
G. †Jakapil Riguetti et al. 2022
+
†Jakapil kaniukura Riguetti et al. 2022
G. †Scelidosaurus Owen 1859
+
G. †Scutellosaurus Colbert 1981
+
†Scutellosaurus lawleri Colbert 1981
Unr. †Stegosauria Marsh 1877
+
G. †Adratiklit Maidment et al. 2020
+
†Adratiklit boulahfa Maidment et al. 2020
G. †Baiyinosaurus Li et al. 2024
+
†Baiyinosaurus baojiensis Li et al. 2024
G. †Bashanosaurus Hui et al. 2022
+
†Bashanosaurus primitivus Hui et al. 2022
G. †Deltapodus Whyte and Romano 1995
+
†Deltapodus brodricki Whyte and Romano 1995
†Deltapodus curriei Xing et al. 2013
†Deltapodus ibericus Cobos and Royo-Torres 2010
G. †Euskelesaurus Huxley 1866
G. †Garbina Salisbury et al. 2016
+
†Garbina roeorum Salisbury et al. 2016
G. †Huayangosaurus Dong et al. 1982
+
†Huayangosaurus taibaii Dong et al. 1982
G. †Isaberrysaura Salgado et al. 2017
+
†Isaberrysaura mollensis Salgado et al. 2017
G. †Kentrosaurus Hennig 1915
+
†Kentrosaurus aethiopicus Hennig 1915
Invalid names: Doryphorosaurus Nopcsa 1916 [synonym], Kentrurosaurus Hennig 1916 [synonym]
G. †Luluichnus Salisbury et al. 2016
+
†Luluichnus mueckei Salisbury et al. 2016
G. †Paranthodon Nopcsa 1929
+
†Paranthodon africanus Broom 1912
+
Invalid names: Paranthodon owenii Nopcsa 1929 [synonym], Paranthodon owenii Nopcsa 1929 [synonym]
G. †Stegopodus Lockley and Hunt 1998
+
†Stegopodus czerkasi Lockley and Hunt 1998
Fm. †Stegosauridae Marsh 1880
+
G. †Changdusaurus Zhao 1985
+
Subfm. †Dacentrurinae Olshevsky and Ford 1993
+
G. †Dacentrurus Lucas 1902
+
†Dacentrurus armatus Marsh 1877
Invalid names: Omosaurus Owen 1875 [replaced], Omosaurus lennieri Nopcsa 1911 [nomen dubium]
G. †Miragaia Mateus et al. 2009
+
†Miragaia longicollum Mateus et al. 2009
†Miragaia longispinus Gilmore 1914
Invalid names: Alcovasaurus Galton and Carpenter 2016 [synonym], Natronasaurus Ulansky 2014 [synonym]
G. †Thyreosaurus Zafaty et al. 2024
+
†Thyreosaurus atlasicus Zafaty et al. 2024
G. †Hesperosaurus Carpenter et al. 2001
+
†Hesperosaurus mjosi Carpenter et al. 2001
Subfm. †Huayangosaurinae Dong et al. 1982
+
G. †Chungkingosaurus Dong et al. 1983
+
†Chungkingosaurus jiangbeiensis Dong et al. 1983
+
Invalid names: Chungkingosaurus giganticus Ulansky 2014 [synonym], Chungkingosaurus magnus Ulansky 2014 [synonym]
G. †Gigantspinosaurus Ouyang 1992
+
G. †Jiangjunosaurus Jia et al. 2007
+
†Jiangjunosaurus junggarensis Jia et al. 2007
G. †Loricatosaurus Maidment et al. 2008
+
†Loricatosaurus priscus Nopcsa 1911
G. †Mongolostegus Tumanova and Alifanov 2018
+
†Mongolostegus exspectabilis Tumanova and Alifanov 2018
G. †Priodontosaurus Romer 1966
G. †Stegosaurus Marsh 1877
+
†Stegosaurus armatus Marsh 1877
†Stegosaurus duplex Marsh 1887
†Stegosaurus stenops Marsh 1887
†Stegosaurus sulcatus Marsh 1887
†Stegosaurus ungulatus Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Diracodon Marsh 1881 [synonym], Hypsirophus Cope 1878 [synonym], Stegosaurus affinis Marsh 1881 [nomen nudum], Stegosaurus armatus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Wuerhosaurus Dong 1973 [synonym]
G. †Yingshanosaurus Zhou 1986
+
Invalid names: Hypsirhophidae Cope 1891 [synonym], Kentrosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Kentrurosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Lexovisaurus Hoffstetter 1957 [nomen dubium], Omosauridae Lydekker 1888 [synonym], Scelidosaurinae Nopcsa 1923 [empty], Siamodracon Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Stegosaurinae Nopcsa 1917 [empty], Wuerhosaurus mongoliensis Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium]
G. †Tuojiangosaurus Dong et al. 1977
+
†Tuojiangosaurus multispinus Dong et al. 1977
G. †Yanbeilong Jia et al. 2024
+
†Yanbeilong ultimus Jia et al. 2024
Invalid names: Amargastegos Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Chialingosaurus Young 1959 [nomen dubium], Chialingosaurus kuani Young 1959 [nomen dubium], Craterosaurus Seeley 1874 [nomen dubium], Eoplophysis Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Ferganastegos Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Huayangosauridae Dong et al. 1982 [empty], Lexovisaurus durobrivensis Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium], Monkonosaurus Zhao 1986 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus leedsi Seeley 1901 [nomen dubium], Regnosaurus Mantell 1848 [nomen dubium], Rigalitidae Kuhn 1961 [empty], Saldamosaurus Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Wuerhosaurus ordosensis Dong 1994 [nomen dubium]
Infraor. †Stegosauromorpha Cooper 1985
+
Invalid names: Ankylosauroidea Huene 1914 [empty]
Subor. †Thyreophoroidea Nopcsa 1928
+
Unr. †Eurypoda Sereno 1986
+
Invalid names: Ankylosauromorpha Carpenter 2001 [empty]
G. †Yuxisaurus Yao et al. 2022
+
†Yuxisaurus kopchicki Yao et al. 2022
Invalid names: Andhrasaurus Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Bienosaurus Dong 2001 [nomen dubium], Bienosaurus lufengensis Dong 2001 [nomen dubium], Lusitanosaurus Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957 [nomen dubium], Lusitanosaurus liasicus Lapparent and Zbyszewski 1957 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus hastiger Owen 1877 [nomen dubium], Peishansaurus Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Scelidosauria Seeley 1892 [empty], Scelidosauridae Cope 1869 [empty], Scelidosaurus arizonensis Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Sinopeltosaurus Ulansky 2014 [nomen dubium], Stegosaurides Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Tatisaurus Simmons 1965 [nomen dubium], Taveirosaurus Antunes and Sigogneau-Russell 1991 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
F. v. Huene 1948Secondary quadrupedous. Broad upper process in mandible in distinction to the narrow high one in the other Ornithischia. Upper Triassic to Upper Cretaceous.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 10000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 3 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:52
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:52
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Alaunian to the top of the Lancian or 215.56000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (1056 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Luxembourg (Diekirch) Thyreophora indet. (56047)
Rhaetian - Sinemurian208.5 - 190.8United Kingdom (England) Scelidosaurus sp. (25838)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7China (Xizang) Scelidosaurus sp. (165590)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Thyreophora indet. (139588)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3France (Aquitaine) Thyreophora indet. (48852)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8USA (Arizona) Scutellosaurus lawleri (216632 216633 216634 216635) Scutellosaurus sp., Scutellosaurus lawleri (214349)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8South Africa (Free State) Thyreophora indet. (47031)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8United Kingdom (England) Scelidosaurus harrisonii (52260 84559 223809 223810 223811 223812 223813) Scelidosaurus sp. (96467)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8China (Yunnan) Bienosaurus lufengensis (93193) Ornithischia indet. (78993) Tatisaurus oehleri (72091)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8Portugal (Leiria) Stegosauria indet. (49213)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Alba) Struthiosaurus transylvanicus (115000)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Ankylosaurus magniventris (206819)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Ankylosauria indet. (14674) Ankylosaurus magniventris (11931 45879)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0India (Tamil Nadu) Stegosauria indet. (53922)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Ankylosauria indet. (49523) Ankylosauria indet., Edmontonia sp. (49539) Nodosauridae indet. (49551) Palaeoscincus latus (49528)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Ankylosauria indet. (48865)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (New Mexico) Ankylosauria indet. (46992 171032) Ankylosauridae indet. (47819 59068 171027) Glyptodontopelta mimus (171031) Glyptodontopelta mimus, Ankylosauria indet. (97795 138833 138836) Nodosauridae indet. (47016 56045) Pachycephalosauridae indet. (47008) Scelidosauridae indet. (62542 62543 62544)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Ankylosaurus magniventris, Euoplocephalus sp. (45876) Ankylosaurus sp. (45877)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0China (Henan) Ankylosauridae indet. (84996)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Ankylosaurus magniventris, Denversaurus schlessmanni (224484) Edmontonia sp. (47628)