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Testudinoidea

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy
Testudinoidea was named by Gray (1825) [incorrectly credited by someone (Whatley?) to Batsch 1788; incorrectly credited by Fitzinger 1826 (e.g., by Parmley et al. 2006); assigned to Gray 1825 under principle of coordination and originally named at family rank]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Joyce (2007) and Danilov and Parham (2008).

It was assigned to Eucryptodira by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptoderinea by Joyce et al. (2004); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Cryptodira by Joyce (2007) and Joyce and Lyson (2010); to Cryptodira by Baur (1893), Estes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Antunes and de Broin (1977), Carroll (1988), Takahashi et al. (2003), Hervet (2004), Claude et al. (2012), Takahashi et al. (2013), van Dijk et al. (2014), Garcia et al. (2016) and Pérez-García et al. (2017); to Pantestudinoidea by Vlachos (2018); and to Cryptodira by de Broin and de la Fuente (1993), Hervet (2003), Hervet (2006), Karl (2007), Vremir (2013) and Collareta et al. (2020).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Testudinoidea Gray
1868Emys petrolei Leidy p. 176
1871Emys latilabiatus Cope
1871Hadrianus allabiatus Cope p. 3
1871Hybemys arenarius Leidy p. 103
1872Emys latilabiatus Cope p. 3
1872Hadrianus allabiatus Cope p. 3
1872Notomorpha testudinea Cope p. 4
1873Emys euthnetus Cope
1873Emys latilabiatus Cope
1873Emys megaulax Cope
1873Emys pachylomus Cope
1873Emys testudineus Cope
1873Hadrianus allabiatus Cope
1873Testudo culbratus Cope
1873Testudo cultratus Cope
1873Testudo culbratus Cope p. 6
1873Hybemys arenarius Leidy p. 174
1873Emys petrolei Leidy p. 260
1875Emys latilabiatus Cope p. 36
1877Eupachemys obtusus Leidy
1878Hadrianus allabiatus Osborn et al.
1884Emys euthneta Cope
1884Emys latilabiatus Cope
1884Emys megaulax Cope
1884Emys testudinea Cope
1884Hadrianus allabiatus Cope
1889Emys euglypha Leidy
1893Testudinoidea Baur p. 675
1899Clemmys percrassus Cope
1902Emys euglypha Hay p. 447
1902Emys euthneta Hay p. 447
1902Emys latilabiata Hay p. 448
1902Emys megaulax Hay p. 448
1902Emys petrolei Hay p. 448
1902Emys testudinea Hay p. 448
1902Eupachemys obtusa Hay p. 448
1902Hybemys arenarius Hay p. 448
1902Clemmys percrassa Hay p. 449
1902Hadrianus allabiatus Hay p. 450
1902Testudo cultrata Hay p. 451
1903Clemmys hesperia Hay
1906Testudo isis Andrews p. 286
1908Achilemys allabiata Hay
1908Echmatemys megaulax Hay
1908Echmatemys testudinea Hay
1916Testudo distans Hay
1916Trachemys delicata Hay
1916Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay
1920Testudo munda Hay p. 86 figs. Plate 3, figs. 1-8
1930Clemmys hesperia Hay p. 94
1930Clemmys percrassa Hay p. 94
1930Echmatemys euthneta Hay p. 95
1930Echmatemys latilabiata Hay p. 95
1930Echmatemys megaulax Hay p. 95
1930Echmatemys testudinea Hay p. 96
1930Hybemys arenarius Hay p. 96
1930Trachemys delicata Hay p. 97
1930Trachemys euglypha Hay p. 97
1930Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay p. 97
1930Trachemys petrolei Hay p. 97
1930Achilemys allabiata Hay p. 100
1930Testudo cultrata Hay p. 103
1930Testudo distans Hay p. 103
1930Testudo munda Hay p. 104
1930Testudo obtusa Hay p. 104
1964Testudinoidea Estes p. 97
1966Testudinoidea Kuhn p. 25
1975Testudinoidea Gaffney p. 429
1977Testudinoidea Antunes and de Broin
1979Chrysemys (Pseudemys) hibbardi Preston
1988Testudinoidea Carroll
1993Testudinoidea de Broin and de la Fuente p. 10
1995Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) percrassa Parris and Daeschler
1996Rhinoclemmys nicoyana Acuña-Mesen and Laurito-Mora
2003Testudinoidea Hervet
2003Testudinoidea Takahashi et al.
2004Testudinoidea Hervet
2004Testudinoidea Joyce et al.
2006Testudinoidea Hervet
2007Testudinoidea Joyce
2007Testudinoidea Karl p. 56
2008Testudinoidea Danilov and Parham
2008Testudo isis de Lapparent de Broin p. 124
2010Testudinoidea Joyce and Lyson
2012Testudinoidea Claude et al.
2013Testudinoidea Takahashi et al. p. 529
2013Testudinoidea Vremir
2014Testudinoidea van Dijk et al.
2016Testudinoidea Garcia et al.
2017Testudinoidea Pérez-García et al.
2018Testudinoidea Vlachos
2020Testudinoidea Collareta et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
—Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Testudinoidea Gray 1825
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G. †Bergouniouxchelys Hervet 2004
+
†Bergouniouxchelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1954
+
Invalid names: Paralichelys complanata Bergounioux 1954 [synonym]
Invalid names: Anthracochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Anthracochelys vallisnerii Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys complanata Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum], Cyclochelys perexpansa Bergounioux 1953 [nomen nudum]
G. †Borkenia Schleich 1994
+
†Borkenia eckfeldense Karl 2018
†Borkenia germanica Hummel 1935
†Borkenia oschkinisi Schleich 1994
†Borkenia philippeni Karl 2018
G. †Cucullemys Hervet 2004
+
†Cucullemys crocheti Hervet 2004
G. †Cuvierichelys Hervet 2004
+
†Cuvierichelys crassa Owen 1849
†Cuvierichelys iberica Bergounioux 1958
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys elegans Bergounioux 1958 [synonym]
Fm. Emydidae Rafinesque 1815
+
Subfm. Batagurinae Gray 1870
+
G. Chinemys Smith 1931
+
Chinemys nigricans Gray 1834 [Redneck pond turtle]
†Chinemys palaeannamitica Bourret 1941
Chinemys reevesii Gray 1931 [Chinese pond turtle]
G. Kachuga Gray 1869 [roofed turtle]
+
Kachuga dhongoka Gray 1835 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
Kachuga kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
Kachuga trivitatta Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [Burmese roofed turtle]
G. †Omegachelys Srivastava and Schleich 2018
+
†Omegachelys sahnii Srivastava and Schleich 2018
G. Callagur Schlegel and Muller 1844
+
Callagur borneoensis Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Painted terrapin]
G. †Chelonemys Jourdan 1862
G. Chelopus Rafinesque
Subfm. Deirochelyinae Agassiz 1857
+
G. Chrysemys Gray 1844 [painted turtle]
+
Subg. †Chrysemys (Pseudemys) Gray 1856
†Chrysemys corniculata Jasinski 2022
Chrysemys dorsalis Agassiz 1857 [Southern painted turtle]
†Chrysemys index Chkhikvadze 1971
†Chrysemys isoni Weems and George 2001
†Chrysemys lachati Sauvage 1873
†Chrysemys lavrovi Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977
Chrysemys picta Schneider 1783 [painted turtle]
†Chrysemys platymarginata Weaver and Robertson 1967
†Chrysemys sculptata de Stefano 1902
†Chrysemys timida Hay 1908
Invalid names: Baicalemys Ivaniev and Khosatzky 1977 [synonym]
G. Deirochelys Agassiz 1857 [chicken turtle]
+
†Deirochelys carri Jackson 1978
Deirochelys reticularia Latreille 1801 [Chicken turtle]
G. Graptemys Agassiz 1857 [map turtle]
+
Graptemys barbouri Carr and Marchand 1942 [Barbour's map turtle]
Graptemys caglei Haynes and McKown 1974 [Cagles map turtle]
Graptemys ernsti Lovich and McCoy 1992 [Escambia map turtle]
Graptemys flavimaculata Cagle 1954 [Yellow-blotched map turtle]
Graptemys geographica Le Sueur 1817 [common map turtle]
Graptemys gibbonsi Lovich and McCoy 1992 [Pascagoula map turtle]
†Graptemys kerneri Ehret and Bourque 2011
Graptemys kohni Baur 1890 [Mississippi map turtle]
Graptemys nigrinoda Cagle 1954 [Black-knobbed map turtle]
Graptemys oculifera Baur 1890 [Ringed map turtle]
Graptemys ouachitensis Cagle 1953 [Ouachita map turtle]
Graptemys pearlensis Ennen et al. 2010 [Pearl River map turtle]
Graptemys pulchra Baur 1893 [Alabama map turtle]
Graptemys sabinensis Cagle 1953 [Sabine map turtle]
Graptemys versa Stejneger 1925 [Texas map turtle]
†Graptemys yamashitai Urata 1968
G. Malaclemys Gray 1844 [diamondback terrapin]
+
Malaclemys terrapin Schoepff 1793 [diamondback terrapin]
G. Trachemys Agassiz 1857 [slider]
+
Trachemys adiutrix Vanzolini 1995
†Trachemys antiqua Clark 1937
Trachemys decorata Barbour and Carr 1940 [Hispaniolan slider]
Trachemys decussata Gray 1831 [North Antillean slider]
Trachemys dorbigni Dumeril and Bibron 1835
Trachemys emolli Legler 1990 [Nicaraguan slider]
Trachemys gaigeae Hartweg 1939 [Big Bend slider]
Trachemys grayi Bocourt 1868 [Gray's slider]
†Trachemys haugrudi Jasinski 2018
†Trachemys inflata Weaver and Robertson 1967
Trachemys nebulosa Van Denburgh 1895 [Baja California slider]
Trachemys ornata Gray 1830 [Ornate slider]
Trachemys scripta Schoepff 1792 [slider]
†Trachemys sculpta Hay 1908
Trachemys stejnegeri Schmidt 1928 [Central Antillean slider]
Trachemys taylori Legler 1960 [Cuatro Cienegas slider]
Trachemys terrapen Lacépède 1788 [Jamaican slider]
Trachemys venusta Gray 1856 [MesoAmerican slider]
Trachemys yaquia Legler and Webb 1970 [Yaqui slider]
Invalid names: Callichelys Gray 1863 [synonym], Redamia Gray 1870 [synonym], Trachemys jarmani Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Trachemys trulla Hay 1908 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Emydinae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Actinemys Agassiz 1857
G. Clemmys Ritgen 1828
+
†Clemmys gaudryi Depéret 1885
Clemmys guttata Schneider 1792
+
Invalid names: Clemmys punctata Schoepff 1792 [synonym]
†Clemmys schansiensis Ping 1932
†Clemmys ukoi Bachmayer 1957
G. Emyda Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1809
+
Emyda vittata Peters 1854
+
Invalid names: Emyda ceylonensis Gray 1855 [synonym]
G. †Wilburemys Martin and Mallory 2011
+
†Wilburemys yakimensis Martin and Mallory 2011
G. Emydoidea Gray 1870 [Blanding's turtle]
+
Emydoidea blandingii Holbrook 1838 [Blanding's turtle]
+
Invalid names: Emys twentei Taylor 1943 [synonym]
G. Emys Dumeril 1806 [pond turtle]
+
†Emys cuvieri Gray 1831
Emys dhongoka Gray 1834 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
†Emys hordwellensis Seeley 1876
Emys kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
†Emys lucii Gray 1831
Emys marmorata Baird and Girard 1852 [western pond turtle]
+
Invalid names: Clemmys owyheensis Brattstrom and Sturn 1959 [synonym]
Emys orbicularis Linnaeus 1758 [European pond turtle]
Emys sigriz Michahelles 1829
Emys sinensis Gray 1835
+
Invalid names: Testudo anyangensis Ping 1930 [synonym]
Emys trinacris Fritz et al. 2005 [Sicilian pond turtle]
Emys vulgaris Gray 1831
†Emys wermuthi Mlynarski 1956
†Emys wyomingensis Leidy 1870
Invalid names: Emys namadicus Theobald 1860 [nomen nudum]
G. †Epiemys Yeh 1963
+
†Epiemys perfectus Yeh 1963
G. Glyptemys Agassiz 1857
+
Glyptemys insculpta Le Conte 1830 [wood turtle]
Glyptemys muhlenbergii Schoepff 1801 [bog turtle]
†Glyptemys valentinensis Holman and Fritz 2001
Invalid names: Calemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Grayemys Chkhikvadze 1970
G. †Gyremys Hay 1908
+
†Gyremys spectabilis Hay 1908
G. Hieremys Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtles]
+
Hieremys annandalii Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtle]
G. †Hybemys Leidy 1871
G. †Lyssemys
+
†Lyssemys piramensis Prasad 1974
G. Malacoclemmys Gray 1844
G. †Palaeotheca Cope 1872
G. †Polyechmatemys Ping 1930
+
G. Pseudemys Gray 1856 [cooter]
+
Pseudemys alabamensis Baur 1893 [Alabama red-bellied turtle]
†Pseudemys caelata Hay 1908
†Pseudemys carri Rose and Weaver 1966
Pseudemys concinna Le Conte 1830 [eastern river cooter]
Pseudemys floridana Le Conte 1830 [peninsula cooter]
†Pseudemys idahoensis Gilmore 1933
Pseudemys nelsoni Carr, Jr. 1938 [Florida red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys rubriventris Le Conte 1830 [American red-bellied turtle]
Pseudemys texana Baur 1893
†Pseudemys williamsi Rose and Weaver 1966
Invalid names: Nectemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Ptychemys Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. †Pseudochrysemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
+
†Pseudochrysemys gobiensis Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Pseudograptemys Hutchison 1996
G. Pyxidea Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtles]
+
Pyxidea mouhotii Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtle]
G. †Sakya Carroll 1988
G. †Senryuemys Shikama 1953
+
†Senryuemys kiharai Shikama 1953
G. †Shansiemys Yeh 1963
+
G. †Sharemys Gilmore 1931
+
†Sharemys hemispherica Gilmore 1931
G. Terrapene Merrem 1820 [box turtle]
+
Terrapene carolina Linnaeus 1758 [common box turtle]
+
Testudo carolina carolina Linnaeus 1758 [Eastern box turtle]
Testudo carolina major Agassiz 1857 [Gulf Coast box turtle]
Testudo carolina triunguis Agassiz 1857 [three-toed box turtle]
Invalid names: Terrapene innoxia Hay 1916 [synonym]
Terrapene coahuila Schmidt and Owens 1944
†Terrapene corneri Holman and Fritz 2005
†Terrapene eurypygia Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Toxaspis anguillulatus Cope 1899 [synonym]
†Terrapene impensa Hay 1924
Terrapene klauberi Bogert 1943
Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger 1925
Terrapene ornata Agassiz 1857 [Western box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene longinsulae Hay 1909 [synonym], Terrapene whitneyi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Terrapene parornata Joyce et al. 2012
†Terrapene putnami Hay 1906 [box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene antipex Hay 1916 [synonym], Terrapene canaliculata Hay 1907 [synonym], Terrapene llanensis Oelrich 1953 [synonym]
†Terrapene singletoni Gilmore 1927
Testudo carolina bauri Taylor 1894 [Florida box turtle]
Invalid names: Cistudo Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Cistudo marnochii Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Terrapene bulverda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Terrapene hibernaculum Kuhn 1964 [nomen nudum], Terrapene impressa Hay 1924 [nomen dubium], Toxaspis Cope 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chrysemys limnodytes Galbreath 1948 [nomen dubium], Cistudinidae Cope 1882 [synonym], Clemmys hutchensorum Bourque 2016 [nomen dubium], Clemmys saxea Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Deirochelys floridana Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Emydoidea hutchisoni Holman 1995 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys bisornatus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys extincta Hay 1908 [nomen dubium], Pseudemys hillii Cope 1878 [nomen dubium]
G. †Euroemys Hervet 2004
+
†Euroemys kehreri Staesche 1928
†Euroemys vidalenci Hervet 2004
G. †Francellia Hervet 2004
+
†Francellia messeliana Staesche 1928
†Francellia salouagmirae Hervet 2004
Fm. Geoemydidae Theobald 1868
+
G. †Bridgeremys Hutchison 2006
+
†Bridgeremys pusilla Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Clemmys morrisiae Hay 1908 [synonym]
G. †Clemmydopsis Boda 1927
+
†Clemmydopsis mehelyi Kormos 1911
+
Invalid names: Clemmydopsis sopronensis Boda 1927 [synonym]
†Clemmydopsis steinheimensis Staesche 1931
Invalid names: Chrysemys bisbalensis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen dubium]
G. Cuora Gray 1855 [Asian box turtle]
+
Cuora amboinensis Riche 1801 [Southeast Asian box turtle]
Cuora aurocapitata Luo and Zong 1988 [Yellow-headed box turtle]
Cuora bourreti Obst and Reimann 1994 [Bourrets box turtle]
Cuora flavomarginata Gray 1863 [Yellow-margined box turtle]
+
Invalid names: Terrapene culturalia Yeh 1961 [synonym]
Cuora galbinifrons Bourret 1939 [Indochinese box turtle]
Cuora mccordi Ernst 1988 [McCord's box turtle]
Cuora mouhotii Gray 1862 [Keeled box turtle]
Cuora pani Song 1984 [Pan's box turtle]
Cuora picturata Lehr et al. 1998 [Southern Vietnam box turtle]
†Cuora pitheca Yeh 1981
Cuora trifasciata Bell 1825 [Chinese three-striped box turtle]
†Cuora tungia Yeh 1963
Cuora yunnanensis Boulenger 1906 [Yunnan box turtle]
Cuora zhoui Zhao 1990 [Zhou's box turtle]
G. Cyclemys Bell 1834 [Asian leaf turtle]
+
Cyclemys atripons Iverson and McCord 1997
Cyclemys dentata Gray 1831
Cyclemys enigmatica Fritz et al. 2008
Cyclemys fusca Fritz et al. 2008
Cyclemys gemeli Fritz et al. 2008
†Cyclemys miyatai Shikama 1949
Cyclemys pulchristriata Fritz et al. 1997
G. †Echmatemys Hay 1906
+
†Echmatemys arethusa Hay 1908
†Echmatemys haydeni Leidy 1870
†Echmatemys jeanesi Leidy 1870
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys inornata Loomis 1904 [synonym], Echmatemys douglassi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys hollandi Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Echmatemys rivalis Hay 1909 [synonym], Emys shaughnessiana Cope 1882 [synonym], Graptemys cordifera Clark 1937 [synonym]
†Echmatemys naomi Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Echmatemys obscura Gilmore 1915 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Echmatemys aegle Hay 1908 [synonym], Echmatemys cyane Hay 1908 [synonym], Echmatemys ocyrrhoe Hay 1908 [synonym], Emys septarius Cope 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Echmatemys depressa Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium], Palaeotheca polycypha Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeotheca terrestris Cope 1872 [nomen dubium]
G. †Geiselemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1966
G. Geoemyda Gray 1834
+
Subg. †Geoemyda (Geoliemys) Matsumoto 1929
†Geoemyda amamiensis Takahashi et al. 2007
†Geoemyda eureia Wegner 1913
†Geoemyda headonensis Hooley 1905
†Geoemyda malustensis Macarovici and Vanca 1960
†Geoemyda mossoczyi Mlynarski 1964
†Geoemyda pidoplickai Khosatzky 1946
Geoemyda spengleri Gmelin 1789
†Geoemyda striata Deraniyagala 1969
Subfm. Geoemydinae Theobald 1868
+
G. Heosemys Gray 1831 [Forest turtles]
+
Heosemys annandalii Boulenger 1903 [Yellow-headed temple turtle]
Heosemys depressa Anderson 1875 [Arakan forest turtle]
Heosemys grandis Gray 1860 [Giant Asian pond turtle]
Heosemys leytensis Tayor 1920 [Philippine pond turtle]
Heosemys spinosa Gray 1831 [Spiny turtle]
G. Leucocephalon McCord et al. 2000 [Sulawesi forest turtle]
+
Leucocephalon yuwonoi McCord et al. 1995 [Sulawesi forest turtle]
G. Malayemys Lindholm 1931 [Malayan snail-eating turtles]
+
Malayemys macrocephala Gray 1859 [Malayan snail-eating turtle]
Malayemys subtrijuga Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Malayan snail-eating turtle]
G. Melanochelys Schweigger 1812 [Indian black turtles]
+
†Melanochelys sivalensis Lydekker 1885
+
Invalid names: Bellia theobaldi Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Clemmys hydaspica Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Clemmys punjabiensis Lydekker 1885 [synonym]
†Melanochelys tapani Garbin et al. 2020
Melanochelys tricarinata Blyth 1856 [Tricarinate hill turtle]
Melanochelys trijuga Schweigger 1812 [Indian black turtle]
G. Morenia Gray 1870 [Eyed turtles]
+
Morenia ocellata Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [Burmese eyed turtle]
Morenia petersi Anderson 1879 [Indian eyed turtle]
G. Notochelys Gray 1863
+
Notochelys platynota Gray 1834 [Malayan flatshell turtle]
G. Vijayachelys Praschag et al. 2006 [Cochin forest cane turtle]
+
Vijayachelys silvatica Henderson 1912 [Cochin forest cane turtle]
G. †Guangdongemys Claude et al. 2012
+
†Guangdongemys pingi Claude et al. 2012
G. †Isometremys Chow and Yeh 1962
+
†Isometremys lacuna Chow and Yeh 1962
G. Mauremys Gray 1870 [pond turtle]
+
Mauremys annamensis Siebenrock 1903 [Vietnamese pond turtle]
†Mauremys aristotelica Vlachos et al. 2019
Mauremys caspica Gmelin 1774 [Caspian turtle]
†Mauremys fenhoense Gray 1931
†Mauremys gaudryi Depéret 1885
+
Invalid names: Clemmys romani Bergounioux 1935 [synonym], Emys etrusca Portis 1890 [synonym], Paralichelys carinata Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Mauremys guntiana Roger 1902
†Mauremys isoclina Dubois 1908
Mauremys japonica Temminck and Schlegel 1835 [Japanese pond turtle]
Mauremys leprosa Schweigger 1812 [Mediterranean pond turtle]
†Mauremys massiliensis Bergounioux 1936
Mauremys mutica Cantor 1842 [yellow pond turtle]
Mauremys nigricans Gray 1834 [Chinese red-necked turtle]
†Mauremys portisi Sacco 1889
†Mauremys pygolopha Peters 1868
Mauremys reevesii Gray 1831 [Reeves turtle]
+
Invalid names: Chinemys pani Tao 1985 [synonym]
Mauremys rivulata Valenciennes 1833 [Western Caspian turtle]
†Mauremys sarmatica Purschke 1885
Mauremys sinensis Gray 1834 [Chinese stripe-necked turtle]
†Mauremys sophiae Ammon 1911
†Mauremys thanhinensis Claude et al. 2007
†Mauremys yabei Shikama 1949
Invalid names: Clemmys precaspica de Stefano 1902 [nomen dubium], Emys prosigriz Pallary 1901 [nomen dubium], Paralichelys Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
G. Ocadia Gray 1870
+
†Ocadia nicoleti Pictet and Humbert 1856
†Ocadia nipponica Hirayama et al. 2007
†Ocadia perplexa Gilmore 1931
†Ocadia sansaniensis Lartet 1851
+
Invalid names: Emys aquitanensis Bergounioux 1935 [synonym]
†Ocadia tanegashimensis Takahashi et al. 2013
†Ocadia turgaica Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze 1977
G. Orlitia Gray 1873
+
G. †Palaeochelys Meyer 1847
+
†Palaeochelys astrei Bergounioux 1935
†Palaeochelys elongata Gilmore 1931
†Palaeochelys gabuniai Chkhikvadze 1973
Invalid names: Palaeochelys haslachensis Meyer 1851 [nomen nudum]
Unr. Palatochelydia Joyce and Lyson 2010
+
G. Batagur Gray 1855
+
Batagur affinis Cantor 1847 [Southern River terrapin]
Batagur baska Gray 1831 [River terrapin]
Batagur borneoensis Schlegel and Muller 1845 [Painted terrapin]
Batagur dhongoka Gray 1834 [Three-striped roofed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batagur durandi Lydekker 1885 [synonym]
Batagur kachuga Gray 1831 [Red-crowned roofed turtle]
+
Invalid names: Batagur bakeri Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Batagur ellioti Gray 1962 [synonym]
Batagur trivittata Duméril and Bibron 1835 [Burmese roofed turtle]
Invalid names: Batagur cautleyi Lydekker 1885 [nomen dubium]
G. Geoclemys Gray 1855
+
†Geoclemmys matuuraensis Shikama 1956
†Geoclemmys yudaensis Shikama 1956
Geoclemys hamiltonii Gray 1831 [Spotted pond turtle]
+
Invalid names: Clemmys palaeindica Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Geoclemys sivalensis Tewari and Badam 1969 [synonym]
†Geoclemys matuuraensis Shikama 1956
G. Hardella Gray 1870
+
†Hardella siamensis Claude et al. 2007
Hardella thurjii Gray 1831
+
Invalid names: Batagur falconeri Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Clemmys watsoni Lydekker 1886 [synonym]
G. Pangshura Gray 1856
+
†Pangshura tatrotia Joyce and Lyson 2010
Pangshura tecta Gray 1830
Subfm. †Ptychogasterinae De Stefano 1903
+
G. †Ptychogaster Pomel 1847
+
Subg. †Ptychogaster (Temnoclemmys) Bergounioux 1957
+
†Temnoclemmys mazedonica Pasic and Klincarski 1959
†Ptychogaster bardenensis Murellaga et al. 1999
†Ptychogaster batalleri Bergounioux 1931
+
Invalid names: Emys egarensis Bataller 1967 [synonym], Temnoclemmys elongata Bergounioux 1957 [synonym], Temnoclemmys vallesensis Bergounioux 1957 [synonym], Testudo celonica Bergounioux 1958 [synonym]
†Ptychogaster cayluxensis Lydekker 1889
†Ptychogaster emydoides Pomel 1847
†Ptychogaster kinkelini Reinach 1900
†Ptychogaster pomeli Lydekker 1889
†Ptychogaster ronheimensis Groessens-Van Dyck and Schleich 1985
Tr. †Ptychogastrini De Stefano 1903
+
G. †Forachelys Bourque 2022
+
†Forachelys woodi Bourque 2022
G. †Hummelemys Hervet 2004
+
†Hummelemys ambigua Hervet 2004
G. †Merovemys Hervet 2006
+
†Merovemys ploegi Hervet 2006
Subfm. Rhinoclemmydinae Gray 1873
+
G. †Notapachemys Bourque 2021
+
†Notapachemys oglala Bourque 2021
G. Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger 1835
+
Rhinoclemmys areolata Dumeril and Bibron 1851
Rhinoclemmys nasuta Boulenger 1902
†Rhinoclemmys panamaensis Cadena et al. 2012
G. Sacalia Gray 1870 [eyed turtle]
+
Sacalia bealei Gray 1831
Sacalia quadriocellata Siebenrock 1903
G. Siebenrockiella Lindholm 1929 [black marsh turtle]
+
Invalid names: Bellia Gray 1869 [replaced]
Invalid names: Palaeochelyinae Karl and Wettlaufer 2011 [empty]
G. †Landreatchelys Hervet 2004
+
†Landreatchelys oweni Lydekker 1889
+
Invalid names: Clemmys vidali Bergounioux 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze 1970
+
G. †Amuremys Danilov et al. 2002
+
†Amuremys planicostata Riabinin 1930
G. †Elkemys Chkhikvadze 1976
+
†Elkemys australis Yeh 1974
G. †Gravemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1983
+
†Gravemys barsboldi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1974
†Gravemys hutchisoni Danilov 2003
G. †Hokouchelys Yeh 1974
+
G. †Hongilemys Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
+
†Hongilemys kurzanovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 2006
G. †Jastmelchyi Chkhikvadze 1987
+
†Jastmelchyi jastmelchyi Chkhikvadze 1981
G. †Khodzhakulemys Danilov 1999
+
G. †Lindholmemys Riabinin 1935
+
†Lindholmemys elegans Riabinin 1935
†Lindholmemys gravis Nessov and Khozatsky 1980
†Lindholmemys martinsoni Ckhikvadze 1975
G. †Mongolemys Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971
+
†Mongolemys elegans Khosatzky and Mlynarski 1971
†Mongolemys reshetovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
†Mongolemys tatarinovi Sukhanov and Narmandakh 1976
G. †Paragravemys Sukhanov et al. 1999
+
†Paragravemys erratica Sukhanov et al. 1999
G. †Paramongolemys Danilov and Sukhanov 2013
+
†Paramongolemys khosatzkyi Danilov and Sukhanov 2013
G. †Shandongemys Li et al. 2013
+
†Shandongemys dongwuica Li et al. 2013
G. †Tsaotanemys Bohlin 1953
+
†Tsaotanemys compressus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys parvulus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys rugosus Bohlin 1953
†Tsaotanemys undulatus Bohlin 1953
Invalid names: Hongilemys Sukhanov 2000 [nomen nudum]
G. †Owenemys Hervet 2004
+
†Owenemys corroyi Bergounioux 1933
+
Invalid names: Chrysemys bicarinata Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
G. †Palaeomauremys Hervet 2004
+
†Palaeomauremys mlynarskii Hervet and de Broin 2000
Unr. †Panemydidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Acherontemys Hay 1899
+
G. †Psilosemys Hutchison 2013
+
†Psilosemys wyomingensis Hutchison 2013
Unr. †Pangeoemydidae Joyce 2007
+
G. †Banhxeochelys Garbin et al. 2019
+
†Banhxeochelys trani Garbin et al. 2019
Unr. †Pantestudinidae Joyce et al. 2004
+
G. †Cymatholcus Clark 1932
+
+
Invalid names: Cymatholcus longus Clark 1932 [synonym]
G. †Hadrianus Cope 1872
+
†Hadrianus corsoni Leidy 1871
+
Invalid names: Emys carteri Leidy 1871 [synonym], Hadrianus octonarius Cope 1871 [synonym], Hadrianus robustus Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Hadrianus tumidus Hay 1908 [synonym], Hadrianus utahensis Gilmore 1915 [synonym], Testudo hadriana Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Hadrianus obailiensis Chkhikvadze 1970
†Hadrianus octonaria Cope 1871
†Hadrianus vialovi Ckhikvadze 1984
Invalid names: Testudo uintensis Gilmore 1915 [nomen dubium]
G. †Oligopherus Hutchison 1996
+
+
Invalid names: Testudo praeextans Lambe 1913 [synonym], Testudo thomsoni Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo undabuna Loomis 1909 [synonym]
G. †Promalacoclemmys Reinach 1900
+
†Promalacoclemmys laharpi Pictet and Humbert 1861
+
Invalid names: Emys charpentieri Pictet and Humbert 1861 [synonym], Emys renevieri Portis 1882 [synonym], Emys sulcata Portis 1882 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Emys gessneri Meyer 1851 [synonym], Ocadia hessleriana Reinach 1900 [synonym], Promalacoclemmys boulengeri Reinach 1900 [synonym]
G. †Provencemys Hervet 2004
+
†Provencemys lachati Sauvage 1873
+
Invalid names: Clemmys manuascensis Bergounioux 1934 [synonym]
†Provencemys laurenti Bergounioux 1934
Fm. Testudinidae Batsch 1788
+
G. †Achilemys Hay 1908
G. Aldabrachelys Loveridge and Williams 1957
+
Aldabrachelys gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra giant tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Testudo dussumieri Gray 1831 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dipsochelys Bour 1982 [synonym]
G. †Anhuichelys Yeh 1979
+
†Anhuichelys doumuensis Tong et al. 2016
+
Invalid names: Anhuichelys xinzhouensis Chen 1983 [synonym]
G. Astrochelys Gray 1873
+
Astrochelys radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
†Astrochelys rogerbouri Kehlmaier et al. 2023
Astrochelys yniphora Vaillant 1885 [Ploughshare tortoise]
G. †Barnesia Karl 2018
G. Cachuga Gray 1855
+
†Cachuga lineata Gray 1831
Cachuga tectum Gray 1831
G. †Cautleya Lydekker 1885
G. †Cylindraspis Fitzinger 1835
+
Cylindraspis indica Schneider 1783
Cylindraspis inepta Gunther 1873
Cylindraspis peltastes Dumeril and Bibron 1835
G. Damonia Gray 1869
+
†Damonia hamiltoni Gray 1831
G. †Eochersina Karl 2018
+
G. †Eochersis Karl 2018
+
†Eochersis eiflaensis Karl 2018
G. †Floridemys Williams 1950
+
†Floridemys hurdi Weems and George 2013
†Floridemys nana Hay 1916
†Floridemys nancei Weems 2023
Invalid names: Bystra Hay 1916 [replaced]
G. †Fontainechelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
+
†Fontainechelon cassouleti Claude and Tong 2004
Tr. Geochelonini Swingland and Klemens 1989
+
G. Chelonoidis Fitzinger 1835
+
†Chelonoidis abingdonii Gunther 1877 [Pinta giant tortoise]
†Chelonoidis alburyorum Franz and Franz 2009
+
†Chelonoidis alburyorum alburyorum Franz and Franz 2009
†Chelonoidis alburyorum sementis Franz et al. 2020
†Chelonoidis alburyorum keegani Franz et al. 2020
†Chelonoidis australis Moreno 1889
+
Invalid names: Testudo praestans Rovereto 1914 [synonym]
Chelonoidis becki Rothschild 1901 [Volcan wolf giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis carbonarius Spix 1824 [Red-footed tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone atlantica López-Jurado et al. 1998 [synonym]
Chelonoidis chathamensis Van Denburgh 1907 [San Cristobal giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis chilensis Gray 1870 [Chaco tortoise]
†Chelonoidis cubensis Leidy 1868
Chelonoidis darwini Van Denburgh 1907 [Santiago giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis denticulata Linnaeus 1766 [Yellow-footed tortoise]
†Chelonoidis dominicensis Albury et al. 2018
Chelonoidis duncanensis Garman 1996 [Pinzon giant tortoise]
†Chelonoidis gallardoi Rovereto 1914
†Chelonoidis gersoni Viñola-López and Almonte 2022
†Chelonoidis gringorum Simpson 1942
†Chelonoidis hesterna Auffenberg 1971
Chelonoidis hoodensis Van Denburgh 1907 [Espanola giant tortoise]
†Chelonoidis lutzae Zacarias et al. 2013
†Chelonoidis marcanoi Turvey et al. 2017
†Chelonoidis meridiana Vlachos et al. 2022
†Chelonoidis monensis Williams 1952
Chelonoidis nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Floreana giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis petersi Freiberg 1973
†Chelonoidis petrocellii Agnolin 2021
†Chelonoidis phantastica Van Denburgh 1907 [Fernandina giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis porteri Rothschild 1903 [Santa Cruz giant tortoise]
Chelonoidis vicina Gunther 1875 [Southern Isabela giant tortoise]
G. †Titanochelon Pérez-García and Vlachos 2014
+
†Titanochelon bacharidisi Vlachos et al. 2014
†Titanochelon bolivari Hernandez-Pacheco 1917
+
Invalid names: Testudo richardi Bergounioux 1938 [synonym]
†Titanochelon ginsburgi Broin 1977
†Titanochelon kayadibiensis Karl et al. 2021
†Titanochelon perpiniana Depéret 1885
†Titanochelon schafferi Szalai 1931
†Titanochelon schleichi Pappa et al. 2023
†Titanochelon vitodurana Biedermann 1862
+
Invalid names: Testudo picteti Biedermann 1862 [synonym]
Subfm. Gopherinae Swingland and Klemens 1989
+
Invalid names: Gopherinii Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty], Manourinii Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty]
G. Gopherus Rafinesque 1832 [gopher tortoise]
+
Subg. †Gopherus (Gopherus) Rafinesque 1832
Gopherus agassizii Cooper 1863 [Mojave desert tortoise]
†Gopherus auffenbergi Mooser 1972
+
Invalid names: Gopherus pargensis Mooser 1980 [synonym]
Gopherus berlandieri Agassiz 1857
†Gopherus brevisternus Loomis 1909
†Gopherus depressus Brattstrom 1961
+
Invalid names: Gopherus dehiscus Des Lauriers 1965 [synonym]
†Gopherus donlaloi Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros 2004
†Gopherus edae Hay 1906
+
Invalid names: Testudo hollandi Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo pansa Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo vaga Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Gopherus hexagonatus Cope 1893
+
Invalid names: Bysmachelys canyonensis Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus huecoensis Strain 1966 [synonym], Testudo campester Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Gopherus laticuneus Cope 1873
†Gopherus mohavensis Merriam 1919
Gopherus morafkai Murphy et al. 2011 [Sonoran desert tortoise]
Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 [Florida gopher tortoise]
Invalid names: Bysmachelys Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus (Oligopherus) Hutchison 1996 [invalid subgroup], Scaptochelys Bramble 1982 [synonym], Testudo milleri Brattstrom 1961 [nomen dubium], Xerobates Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
G. Homopus Duméril and Bibron 1834 [cape tortoise]
+
Homopus areolatus Thunberg 1787 [Parrot-beaked tortoise]
Homopus boulengeri Duerden 1906 [Karoo dwarf tortoise]
†Homopus comptoni Owen and Bell 1849
Homopus femoralis Boulenger 1888 [Greater dwarf tortoise]
†Homopus fenestratus Cooper and Broadley 1990
†Homopus scutella Meyer 1845
Homopus signatus Gmelin 1789 [Speckled tortoise]
Homopus solus Branch 2007 [Nama tortoise]
G. †Juvemys Hervet 2003
+
†Juvemys labarrerei Hervet 2003
G. †Kansuchelys Yeh 1963
+
†Kansuchelys ovalis Yeh 1963
G. Malacochersus Lindholm 1929
+
Malacochersus tornieri Siebenrock 1903 [African pancake tortoise]
G. Manouria Gray 1852
+
Manouria emys Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Asian brown tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone emys Schlegel and Muller 1840 [synonym]
Manouria impressa Gunther 1882 [Impressed tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone impressa Gunther 1822 [synonym]
†Manouria oyamai Takahashi et al. 2003
†Manouria yushensis Yeh 1963
G. †Megalochelys Falconer and Cautley 1837
+
†Megalochelys sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1837
+
Invalid names: Cautleya annuliger Lydekker 1885 [synonym], Colossochelys atlas Falconer and Cautley 1844 [objective synonym], Testudo punjabiensis Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Miotestudo Deraniyagala 1967
+
†Miotestudo ibba Deraniyagala 1967
G. †Nicoria Gray 1855
+
†Nicoria tricarinata Blyth 1856
G. †Palaeoemys Schleich 1994
+
†Palaeoemys hessiaca Schleich 1994
†Palaeoemys occitana Hervet 2003
G. †Pelorochelon Pérez-García et al. 2016
+
†Pelorochelon eocaenica Hummel 1935
†Pelorochelon soriana Pérez-García et al. 2016
Invalid names: Asturichelys multicostatus Bergounioux 1957 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Platysterninae Gray 1869
+
G. Platysternon Gray 1831 [big-headed turtle]
+
Platysternon megacephalum Danilov and Parham 2008
G. †Protestudo Chkhikvadze 1970
+
†Protestudo bessarabica Riabinin 1918
G. Psammobates Fitzinger 1835
+
†Psammobates antiquorum Broadley 1997
Psammobates geometricus Linneaus 1758 [Geometric tortoise]
Psammobates oculifer Kuhl 1820 [Serrated tortoise]
Psammobates tentorius Bell 1828 [Tent tortoise]
G. Pyxis Bell 1827
+
Pyxis arachnoides Bell 1827 [Common spider tortoise]
Pyxis planicauda Grandidier 1867 [Flat-shelled spider tortoise]
G. †Sinohadrianus Ping 1929
+
†Sinohadrianus ezoensis Shikama 1953
G. †Solitudo Valenti et al. 2022
+
†Solitudo gymnesica Bate 1914
†Solitudo robusta Leith-Adams 1877
+
Invalid names: Testudo robustissima Tagliaferro 1913 [synonym], Testudo spratti Leith-Adams 1877 [synonym]
†Solitudo sicula Valenti et al. 2022
Subfm. Testudininae Gray 1825
+
G. Agrionemys Khosatzky and Mlynarsky 1966
+
Agrionemys horsfieldii Gray 1844 [Central Asia tortoise]
G. Centrochelys Gray 1872 [spurred tortoise]
+
†Centrochelys marocana Gmira et al. 2013
†Centrochelys punica Arambourg 1979
Centrochelys sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
†Centrochelys vulcanica Lopez-Jurado and Mateo 1993
G. †Cheirogaster Bergounioux 1935
+
†Cheirogaster gigas Bravard 1844
†Cheirogaster maurini Bergounioux 1935
Invalid names: Taraschelon Pérez-García 2016 [synonym]
G. Chersina Gray 1831
+
Chersina angulata Schweigger 1812 [South African bowsprit tortoise]
†Chersina langebaanwegi Delfino et al. 2024
G. †Ergilemys Ckhikvadze 1972
+
†Ergilemys bruneti Broin 1977
†Ergilemys insolitus Matthew and Granger 1923
†Ergilemys saikanensis Ckhikvadze 1972
Unr. †Geochelona Vlachos and Rabi 2018
+
G. †Alatochelon Pérez-García et al. 2020
+
†Alatochelon myrteum Pérez-García et al. 2020
G. Geochelone Fitzinger 1835
+
Subg. Geochelone (Chelonoidis) Fitzinger 1835
Geochelone carbonaria Spix 1824 [red-footed tortoise]
Geochelone chilensis Gray 1870 [Chaco tortoise]
†Geochelone costaricensis Segura 1944
†Geochelone demissa Gilmore 1931
Geochelone elegans Schoepff 1794 [Indian star tortoise]
Geochelone elephantopus Harlan 1827 [Galapagos giant tortoise]
Geochelone gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra tortoise]
†Geochelone kalganensis Gilmore 1931
†Geochelone laetoliensis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
Geochelone nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Galapagos tortoise]
†Geochelone oskarkuhni Mlynarski 1969
Geochelone pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
Geochelone platynota Blyth 1863 [Burmese star tortoise]
Geochelone radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
†Geochelone stromeri Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
Geochelone sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
Geochelone travancorica Boulenger 1907
Geochelone yniphora Vaillant 1885 [angonoka]
Invalid names: Geochelone (Asterochelys) Gray 1873 [invalid subgroup], Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger 1835 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Gigantochersina Chkhikvadze 1989
+
†Gigantochersina ammon Andrews 1903
+
Invalid names: Testudo beadnelli Andrews 1906 [synonym]
G. †Impregnochelys Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
+
†Impregnochelys pachytectis Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
G. Indotestudo Lindholm 1929
+
Indotestudo elongata Blyth 1853 [Elongate tortoise]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone elongata Blyth 1853 [synonym]
Indotestudo forstenii Schlegel and Muller 1844 [Travancore tortoise]
†Indotestudo kaiseni Gilmore 1931
†Indotestudo takasago Matsumoto 1929
Indotestudo travancorica Boulenger 1907
G. Kinixys Bell 1827 [hingeback tortoise]
+
Kinixys belliana Gray 1830 [Bells hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys erosa Schweigger 1812 [forest hingeback tortoise]
Kinixys homeana Bell 1827 [Home's hingeback tortoise]
Kinixys lobatsiana Power 1927 [Lobatse hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys natalensis Hewitt 1935 [Natal hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys nogueyi Lataste 1886 [Western hinge-back tortoise]
Kinixys zombensis Hewitt 1931 [Southeastern hinge-back tortoise]
G. †Mesochersus de Lapparent de Broin 2003
+
†Mesochersus orangeus de Lapparent de Broin 2003
G. †Namibchersus de Lapparent de Broin 2003
+
†Namibchersus namaquensis Stromer 1926
G. †Paleotestudo Lartet 1851
+
†Paleotestudo antiqua Bronn 1831
+
Invalid names: Testudo catalaunica Bataller 1926 [synonym]
†Paleotestudo canetotiana Lartet 1851
†Paleotestudo mellingi Peters 1868
Invalid names: Cheirogaster arrahonensis Bergounioux 1958 [nomen dubium], Paralichelys catalaunicus Bergounioux 1951 [nomen dubium]
G. Stigmochelys Gray 1873
+
†Stigmochelys brachygularis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
†Stigmochelys crassa Andrews 1914
Stigmochelys pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
G. †Stylemys Leidy 1851
+
†Stylemys bottii de Stefano 1902
†Stylemys capax Hay 1908
+
Invalid names: Stylemys conspecta Hay 1908 [synonym]
†Stylemys frizaciana Lartet 1851
†Stylemys gisellae Carbot-Chanona et al. 2022
†Stylemys inusitata Hay 1906
+
Invalid names: Stylemys copei Koerner 1940 [synonym], Testudo primaeva Oelrich 1950 [synonym]
†Stylemys karakolensis Riabinin 1927
†Stylemys nebrascensis Leidy 1851
+
Invalid names: Emys culbertsonii Leidy 1852 [synonym], Emys hemispherica Leidy 1851 [synonym], Emys oweni Leidy 1851 [synonym], Gopherus neglectus Brattstrom 1961 [synonym], Testudo amphithorax Cope 1873 [synonym], Testudo emiliae Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo lata Leidy 1851 [synonym], Testudo ligonius Cope 1873 [synonym]
†Stylemys pygmea Lartet 1851
Invalid names: Stylemys oregonensis Leidy 1872 [nomen dubium], Testudo niobrarensis Leidy 1858 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Testudinini Batsch 1788
+
G. Acinixys Siebenrock 1902
G. Chersine Merrem 1820
+
†Chersine khosatzkyi Redkozubov et al. 2020
†Chersine lunellensis Almera and Bofill 1903
Invalid names: Eurotestudo Lapparent de Broin et al. 2006 [objective synonym]
G. Testudo Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. Testudo (Chersine) Merrem 1820
Subg. †Testudo (Stylemys) Leidy 1851
†Testudo amberiacensis Deperet 1894
†Testudo amiatae Pantanelli 1893
Testudo antakyensis Perala 1996
†Testudo antiqua Bronn 1831
†Testudo atlas Falconer and Cautley 1844
†Testudo bosporica Riabinin 1946
†Testudo brevitesta Vlachos and Tsoukala 2016
†Testudo brontops Marsh 1890
†Testudo burgenlandica Bachmayer and Mlynarski 1983
Testudo carinata Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo cautleyi Lydekker 1889
†Testudo cernovi Khosatzky 1948
†Testudo changshanensis Wei et al. 1975
Testudo costarricensis Segura Paguaga 1944
†Testudo craverii Portis 1879
†Testudo denizoti Bergounioux 1935
†Testudo despotti Szalai 1937
Testudo emys Schlegel and Müller 1840
†Testudo escheri Pictet and Humbert 1856
†Testudo eurysternum Gervais 1848
Testudo floweri Bodenheimer 1935
Testudo geometrica Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo globosa Portis 1890
+
Invalid names: Testudo szalaii Mlynarski 1955 [synonym]
Testudo graeca Linnaeus 1758 [common tortoise]
†Testudo hellenica Garcia et al. 2020
Testudo hermanni Gmelin 1789 [Hermann's tortoise]
†Testudo hexagonata Cope 1893
†Testudo hipparionum Wiman 1930
†Testudo honanensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo houzei Dollo 1909
†Testudo hypercostata Wiman 1930
Testudo hypselonota Bourret 1941
Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 [Asia Minor spur-thighed tortoise]
Testudo indica Schneider 1783
†Testudo kalksburgensis Toula 1896
†Testudo kenitrensis Gmira 1993
Testudo kleinmanni Lortet 1883 [Egyptian tortoise]
†Testudo lamanonii Gray 1831
†Testudo larteti Pictet 1853
†Testudo lohanica Perez-Garcia et al. 2022
†Testudo lunanensis Yeh 1963
Testudo lutaria Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo margae Hooijer 1948
Testudo marginata Schoepff 1792 [Marginated tortoise]
†Testudo marmorum Gaudry 1862
†Testudo nanus Gilmore 1931
†Testudo neraudii Gray 1831
†Testudo oughlamensis Gmira et al. 2013
†Testudo pecorinii Abbazzi et al. 2008
†Testudo promarginata Reinach 1900
Testudo pusilla Linnaeus 1758
Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758
†Testudo shansiensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo sharanensis Yeh 1965
†Testudo shensiensis Wiman 1930
†Testudo shilouensis Hsu et al. 1973
†Testudo sloanei Lydekker 1889
†Testudo sphaerica Wiman 1930
†Testudo steinheimensis Staesche 1931
†Testudo tarakliensis Riabinin 1918
Testudo terrestris Forsskal 1775 [Middle Eastern spur-thighed tortoise]
†Testudo ulanensis Gilmore 1931
†Testudo yunnanensis Yeh 1963
Invalid names: Pseudotestudo Loveridge and Williams 1957 [synonym], Testudo marginata cretensis Bachmayer et al. 1975 [synonym]
Invalid names: Geoemydinei Theobald 1868 [empty]
Subfm. †Xerobatinae Agassiz 1857
+
G. †Hesperotestudo Williams 1950
+
†Hesperotestudo bermudae Meylan and Sterrer 2000
+
Invalid names: Testudo sellardsi Hay 1916 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo ducateli Collins and Lynn 1936
†Hesperotestudo harrisi Lichtig and Lucas 2022
+
Invalid names: Geochelone nordensis Holman 1973 [synonym], Testudo rexroadensis Oelrich 1952 [synonym], Xerobates cyclopygius Cope 1878 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Caryoderma snovianum Cope 1886 [synonym], Testudo arenivaga Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo farri Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo impensa Hay 1908 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Geochelone alleni Auffenberg 1966 [synonym], Geochelone johnstoni Auffenberg 1962 [synonym], Geochelone mlynarskii Auffenberg 1988 [synonym], Geochelone oelrichi Holman 1972 [synonym], Testudo incisa Hay 1916 [synonym], Testudo riggsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Testudo wilsoni Milstead 1956 [synonym]
†Hesperotestudo williamsi Auffenberg 1964
Invalid names: Caudochelys Auffenberg 1963 [synonym], Eupachemys Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Testudo tedwhitei Williams 1953 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Caryoderma Cope 1886 [nomen dubium], Chelys patagonica Wieland 1923 [nomen dubium], Emys sombrerensis Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Geochelone (Hesperotestudo) equicomes Hay 1917 [nomen dubium], Geocheloninae Swingland and Klemens 1989 [empty], Gopherus pertenius Cope 1892 [nomen dubium], Gopherus praecedens Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Stylemys calaverensis Sinclair 1903 [nomen dubium], Testudininei de Broin and de la Fuente 1993 [empty], Testudinites sellovii Weiss 1830 [nomen dubium], Testudo annae Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo atascosae Hay 1902 [nomen dubium], Testudo castrensis Bergounioux 1935 [nomen dubium], Testudo cultrata Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo exornata Lambe 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo formosa Moreno 1889 [nomen dubium], Testudo francisi Hay 1923 [nomen dubium], Testudo hayi Sellards 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo klettiana Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Testudo laticaudata Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Testudo louisekressmani Wark 1929 [nomen dubium], Testudo luciae Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo ocalana Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo paranensis Scalabrini 1887 [nomen nudum], Testudo peragrans Hay 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo quadratus Cope 1884 [nomen dubium], Testudo semenensis Bergounioux 1955 [nomen dubium], Testudo undata Cope 1875 [nomen dubium]
G. †Wutuchelys Tong et al. 2017
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†Wutuchelys eocenica Tong et al. 2017
Invalid names: Chrysemys (Pseudemys) hibbardi Preston 1979 [nomen dubium], Clemmys hesperia Hay 1903 [nomen dubium], Clemmys percrassus Cope 1899 [nomen dubium], Emys euglypha Leidy 1889 [nomen dubium], Emys euthnetus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys latilabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Emys megaulax Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys pachylomus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Emys petrolei Leidy 1868 [nomen dubium], Eupachemys obtusus Leidy 1877 [nomen dubium], Hadrianus allabiatus Cope 1871 [nomen dubium], Hybemys arenarius Leidy 1871 [nomen dubium], Notomorpha testudinea Cope 1872 [nomen dubium], Rhinoclemmys nicoyana Acuña-Mesen and Laurito-Mora 1996 [nomen dubium], Testudo culbratus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Testudo distans Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Testudo isis Andrews 1906 [nomen dubium], Testudo munda Hay 1920 [nomen dubium], Trachemys delicata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium], Trachemys nuchocarinata Hay 1916 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available