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Elasmobranchii (elasmobranch)

Chondrichthyes

Taxonomy
Elasmobranchii was named by Bonaparte (1838). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Duffin (2001) and Soto et al. (2012) and Pinheiro et al. (2013).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Elasmobranchii by Gadow (1898), Bryant (1932), Säve-Söderbergh (1934) and Ebersole et al. (2019); it was reranked as the class Elasmobranchii by Hay (1902) and Jordan (1963); it was reranked as the infraclass Elasmobranchii by Nelson et al. (2016) and Ebersole et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Pisces by Gadow (1898); to Vertebrata by Hay (1902); to Pisces by Eastman (1904), Andrews (1906) and Bryant (1932); to Gnathostomata by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Vertebrata by Jordan (1963); to Euselachii by Ebersole et al. (2019); to Chondrichthyes by Fedorowski (1912), Daly (1973), Case (1979), Zangerl (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Thies (1983), Duffin and Ward (1983), Squires (1984), Williams (1985), Schultze (1985), Lund (1985), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Cappetta (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Murry (1989), Kindlimann (1990), Long (1992), Cappetta (1992), Duffin (1993), Long et al. (1993), Dica et al. (1996), Johns (1997), Duffin (1998), Min (1998), Williams (1998), Heidtke (1998), Ivanov (1999), Duffin (2001), Marss and Gagnier (2001), Williams (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Delsate (2003), Duncan (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Duncan (2004), Everhart (2004), Kriwet (2005), Chandler et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Carnevale (2007), Everhart (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Chrzastek (2008), Pereira and Medeiros (2008), Adnet et al. (2008), Kriwet (2008), Hairapetian et al. (2008), Kriwet et al. (2009), Ehret et al. (2009), Ginter et al. (2010), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Bogan and Gallina (2011), Cook et al. (2011), Long (2011), Ehret et al. (2012), Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Skinner et al. (2020), dos Santos et al. (2024) and Shimada et al. (2024); and to Euselachii by Ebersole et al. (2024).

Subtaxa
Amelacanthus, Annulicorona, Antarctilamniformes, Aporomicrodus (syn. Microdus), Arduodens, Carcharopsis, Carinasubcorona, Celtiberina, Cestraciontidae, Changxingselache, Cladodontomorphi, Cladodontomorphii, Cladodus hassiacus, Cladodus wildungensis, Cladoselachida, Cladoselachii, Complanicorona, Coniunctio, Coronodontida, Eunemacanthus, Euselachiformes, Euselachii, Fragilicorona, Galeiformes, Glabrisubcorona, Gondwanodus, Ichthyodorulites, Kannathalepididae, Labascicorona, Labrilancea, Leonodus, Lesnilomia, Listracanthidae, Lobaticorona, Meishanselache, Minuticorona, Omalodontiformes, Oniscina, Ornathiliabrilance, Ornatilabrilancea, Orodontida, Osteodonti, Parvicorona, Parvidiabolus, Parviscapha, Phoebodontiformes, Physonemus (syn. Xystracanthus, Batacanthus, Gnathacanthus, Drepanacanthus), Plagiostomi, Platylithophycus, Pleuracanthidae, Pleuracanthodii, Pristiorajea, Proselachii, Protodontidae, Raineria, Rosaodus, Rugosicorona, Sacrisubcorona, Selachii, Selachimorpha, Serratocorona, Siamodus, Suaviloquentia, Undulaticorona, Xenacanthida, Xenacanthimorpha
Sister taxa
Selachii

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Elasmobranchii Bonaparte
1898Elasmobranchii Gadow p. 5
1902Elasmobranchii Hay p. 262
1904Elasmobranchii Eastman p. 71
1906Elasmobranchii Andrews p. 317
1912Elasmobranchii Fedorowski p. 55
1921Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel
1932Elasmobranchii Bryant p. 232
1934Elasmobranchii Säve-Söderbergh p. 17
1937Cladodus hassiacus Gross
1963Elasmobranchii Jordan p. 590
1973Elasmobranchii Daly p. 564
1979Elasmobranchii Case p. 79
1981Elasmobranchii Thurmond and Jones p. 36
1981Elasmobranchii Zangerl p. 50
1983Elasmobranchii Duffin and Ward p. 839
1983Elasmobranchii Thies p. 10
1984Elasmobranchii Squires p. 56
1985Elasmobranchii Lund p. 2
1985Elasmobranchii Schultze p. 6 figs. 2-3
1985Elasmobranchii Williams p. 88
1987Elasmobranchii Cappetta p. 27
1987Elasmobranchii Kumar and Loyal p. 62
1988Elasmobranchii Case and Schwimmer p. 291
1989Elasmobranchii Murry p. 250
1990Elasmobranchii Kindlimann p. 834
1992Elasmobranchii Cappetta p. 640
1992Elasmobranchii Long p. 14
1993Elasmobranchii Duffin p. 7
1993Elasmobranchii Long et al. p. 655
1996Elasmobranchii Dica et al. p. 118
1997Elasmobranchii Johns p. 29
1998Elasmobranchii Duffin p. 160
1998Elasmobranchii Heidtke p. 137
1998Elasmobranchii Min p. 161
1998Elasmobranchii Williams p. 251
1999Elasmobranchii Ivanov p. 271
2001Elasmobranchii Duffin
2001Elasmobranchii Marss and Gagnier
2001Elasmobranchii Peng et al. p. 5
2001Elasmobranchii Williams p. 215
2003Elasmobranchii Delsate p. 4
2003Elasmobranchii Duncan p. 114
2004Elasmobranchii Duncan p. 419
2004Elasmobranchii Everhart
2004Elasmobranchii Yamagishi p. 566
2005Elasmobranchii Kriwet
2006Elasmobranchii Chandler et al. p. 2
2007Elasmobranchii Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2007Elasmobranchii Carnevale p. 6
2007Elasmobranchii Everhart p. 226
2007Elasmobranchii Kriwet et al.
2007Elasmobranchii Marsili et al. p. 30
2008Elasmobranchii Adnet et al. p. 713
2008Elasmobranchii Chrzastek p. 228
2008Elasmobranchii Hairapetian et al. p. 174
2008Elasmobranchii Kriwet p. 236
2008Elasmobranchii Pereira and Medeiros p. 209
2009Elasmobranchii Ehret et al. p. 3
2009Elasmobranchii Kriwet et al. p. 320
2010Elasmobranchii Bogan and Agnolin
2010Elasmobranchii Ginter et al. p. 27
2011Elasmobranchii Bogan and Gallina
2011Elasmobranchii Cook et al.
2011Elasmobranchii Long p. 242
2012Elasmobranchii Ehret et al. p. 1145
2012Elasmobranchii Soto et al.
2013Elasmobranchii Pinheiro et al.
2016Elasmobranchii Bogan et al.
2016Elasmobranchii Nelson et al. p. 56
2017Elasmobranchii Engelbrecht et al. p. 2
2019Elasmobranchii Ebersole et al. p. 15
2020Elasmobranchii Skinner et al.
2024Elasmobranchii Ebersole et al. p. 4
2024Elasmobranchii Shimada et al.
2024Elasmobranchii dos Santos et al. p. 4

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
RankNameAuthor
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
subclassElasmobranchiiBonaparte 1838
subclassElasmobranchiiBonaparte 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]
show all | hide all
G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982
+
†Amelacanthus laevis Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus plicatus Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Annulicorona pyramidalis Chen and Cuny 2003
Or. †Antarctilamniformes Ginter et al. 2008
+
Fm. †Antarctilamnidae Ginter et al. 2008
+
G. †Antarctilamna Young 1982
+
†Antarctilamna prisca Young 1982
†Antarctilamna ultima Gess and Coates 2015
G. †Wellerodus Turner 1997
Fm. †Coronodontidae Harris 1951
+
G. †Coronodus Bryant 1935
G. †Aporomicrodus Fowler 1958
+
Invalid names: Microdus Emmons 1857 [replaced]
G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843
+
†Carcharopsis prototypus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharopsis wortheni Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Dicrenodus texanus Eastman 1917 [synonym]
G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993
Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]
+
G. †Diclitodus Davis 1883
+
†Diclitodus scitulus Davis 1883
G. †Scoliorhiza Raymond 1925
+
†Scoliorhiza kellyi Raymond 1925
†Scoliorhiza whitei St John and Worthen 1875
G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Changxingselache wangi Wang et al. 2007
Superor. †Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010
+
Fm. †Jalodontidae Ginter et al. 2002
+
G. †Adamantina Bendix-Almgreen 1993
+
†Adamantina benedictae Bendix-Almgreen 1993
†Adamantina foliacea Ivanov 1999
G. †Isacrodus Ivanov et al. 2012
+
†Isacrodus marthae Ivanov et al. 2012
G. †Texasodus Ivanov et al. 2012
+
†Texasodus varidentatus Ivanov et al. 2012
Or. †Squatinactiformes Zangerl 1981
+
Fm. †Squatinactidae Cappetta et al. 1993
+
G. †Squatinactis Lund and Zangerl 1974
+
†Squatinactis caudispinatus Lund and Zangerl 1974
Or. †Symmoriiformes Zangerl 1981
+
Fm. †Falcatidae Zangerl 1990
+
G. †Cosmoselachus Bronson et al. 2024
+
†Cosmoselachus mehlingi Bronson et al. 2024
G. †Damocles Lund 1986
+
†Damocles attenuatus Davis 1883
†Damocles serratus Lund 1986
G. †Denaea Pruvost 1922
+
†Denaea decora Ivanov 1999
†Denaea fournieri Pruvost 1922
†Denaea saltsmani Ginter and Hansen 2010
†Denaea wangi Wang et al. 2004
G. †Falcatus Lund 1985
+
†Falcatus falcatus St. John and Worthen 1883
†Falcatus hamatus Agassiz 1837
†Falcatus proclivus St. John and Worthen 1875
G. †Ozarcus Pradel et al. 2014
+
†Ozarcus mapesae Pradel et al. 2014
G. †Kawichthys Pradel et al. 2011
+
†Kawichthys moodiei Pradel et al. 2011
G. †Kungurodus Ivanov 2017
+
†Kungurodus obliquus Ivanov 2005
G. †Stemmatias Hay 1899
+
†Stemmatias bicristatus St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias bifurcatus St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias cheiriformis St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias compactus St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias keokuk St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias simplex St John and Worthen 1875
†Stemmatias symmetricus St John and Worthen 1875
Invalid names: Gunnellodus Wilimovksy 1954 [synonym], Stemmatodus St John and Worthen 1875 [replaced]
Fm. †Symmoriidae Dean 1909
+
G. †Cobelodus Zangerl 1973
+
†Cobelodus knightianus Cope 1891
G. †Danaea Pruvost 1922
+
†Danaea meccaensis Williams 1985
G. †Gutturensis Sequeira and Coates 2000
+
†Gutturensis neilsoni Traquair 1898
G. †Orestiacanthus Lund 1984
G. †Petrodus McCoy 1848
+
†Petrodus acutus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Petrodus patelliformis McCoy 1848
+
Invalid names: Petrodus buttersi Newberry 1889 [synonym], Petrodus occidentalis Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym]
†Petrodus pustulosus Newberry and Worthen 1870
G. †Stethacanthulus Zangerl 1990
+
†Stethacanthulus meccaensis Williams 1985
G. †Stethacanthus Newberry 1889
+
†Stethacanthus altonensis St. John and Worthen 1875
†Stethacanthus compressus Newberry 1897
†Stethacanthus concavus Ginter 2018
†Stethacanthus depressus Stjohn and Worthen 1875
†Stethacanthus erectus Eastman 1903
†Stethacanthus exilis Hussakof 1913
†Stethacanthus gansuensis Wang et al. 2004
†Stethacanthus humilis Hussakof 1913
†Stethacanthus praecursor Hussakof and Bryant 1918
†Stethacanthus productus Newberry 1897
†Stethacanthus tumidus Newberry 1889
Invalid names: Cladodus hibberti Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Pinegocaptus Minikh 2006 [synonym]
G. †Symmorium Cope 1893
+
†Symmorium reniforme Cope 1893
Invalid names: Stethacanthidae Lund 1974 [synonym]
Invalid names: Denaeidae Berg 1940 [empty]
Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909
+
G. †Iberolepis Mader 1986
G. †Lunalepis Mader 1986
G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997
+
†Complanicorona glabra Johns 1997
G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997
+
†Coniunctio aequirugosa Johns 1997
†Coniunctio multirugosa Johns 1997
G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883
+
†Eunemacanthus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus heterogyrus Agassiz 1837 [objective synonym]
†Eunemacanthus keytei Branson 1916
†Eunemacanthus venator Khabakob 1928
Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975
+
+
Subor. †Sarcura
+
Invalid names: Arthropteridae [empty], Asterodermidae [empty]
Invalid names: Dasyatoidei [empty], Ganopristinidea Case 1978 [empty], Narcaciontes [empty]
Infracl. Euselachii Hay 1902
+
G. †Acronemus Rieppel 1982
+
†Acronemus tuberculatus Bassani 1886
+
Invalid names: Acrodus bicarinatus Bassani 1886 [synonym]
G. †Artiodus Ivanov and Duffin 2017
+
†Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin 2017
G. †Cheirostephanus Casier 1958
+
Or. †Ctenacanthiformes Cappetta 1988
+
G. †Acandylacanthus St. John and Worthen 1875
G. †Arauzia Mader 1986
Fm. †Ctenacanthidae Dean 1909
+
G. †Acondylacanthus John and Worthen 1875
+
†Acondylacanthus aequicostatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Acondylacanthus browni Branson 1916
†Acondylacanthus colei Davis 1883
†Acondylacanthus gracilis Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Acondylacanthus gracillimus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus cannaliratus Stjohn and Worthen 1883 [objective synonym]
†Acondylacanthus mudgianus Saint John and Worthen 1883
†Acondylacanthus nuperus St John and Worthen 1883
†Acondylacanthus rectus Saint John and Worthen 1883
G. †Bythiacanthus StJohn and Worthen 1875
+
†Bythiacanthus brevis Agassiz 1836
†Bythiacanthus ianishevskyi Khabakob 1926
†Bythiacanthus lucasi Eastman 1902
†Bythiacanthus siderius Leidy 1870
†Bythiacanthus solidus Eastman 1903
†Bythiacanthus vanhornei StJohn and Worthen 1875
G. †Cladodoides Maisey 2001
G. †Cladodus Agassiz 1843
+
†Cladodus acuminatus Newberry 1856
†Cladodus alternatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus angulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus bellifer St John and Worthen 1875
+
Invalid names: Cladodus praenuntius St John and Worthen 1875 [synonym]
†Cladodus claypolei Hay 1899
+
Invalid names: Cladodus magnificus Claypole 1894 [replaced]
†Cladodus concinnus Newberry 1875
†Cladodus coniger Hay 1899
+
Invalid names: Cladodus carinatus Newberry 1889 [replaced]
†Cladodus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus deflexus Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Cladodus elegans Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
Invalid names: Cladodus intercostatus St John and Worthen 1875 [synonym], Cladodus mucronatus Davis 1883 [synonym]
†Cladodus euglypheus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus exiguus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus exilis Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus fulleri Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus gomphoides Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus gracilis Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus hertzeri Newberry 1875
†Cladodus ischypus Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Cladodus keokuk Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus lamnoides Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus marginatus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Cladodus acutus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Cladodus laevis M'Coy 1848 [synonym]
†Cladodus micropus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus mirabilis Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Cladodus basalis Davis 1883 [synonym], Cladodus splendens Newberry 1897 [synonym]
†Cladodus monroei Eastman 1900
†Cladodus newmani Tuomey 1858
†Cladodus pandatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus parvulus Newberry 1875
†Cladodus pattersoni Newberry 1875
†Cladodus politus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus raricostatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus rivipetrosi Claypole 1893
†Cladodus robustus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus romingeri Newberry 1875
†Cladodus salinarius Reed 1931
†Cladodus subulatus Newberry 1875
†Cladodus terrelli Newberry 1899
†Cladodus tumidus Newberry 1899
†Cladodus turritus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Cladodus vanhornei St John and Worthen 1875
†Cladodus zygopus Newberry and Worthen 1866
Invalid names: Cladodus conicus Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Cladodus curvus Davis 1883 [nomen dubium], Cladodus milleri Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Cladodus parvus Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Styptobasis Cope 1891 [synonym]
G. †Cratoselache Woodward 1924
G. †Ctenacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Ctenacanthus abnormis Giebel 1858
†Ctenacanthus acutus Eastman 1897
†Ctenacanthus angulatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Ctenacanthus angustus Newberry 1889
†Ctenacanthus burlingtonensis Stjohn and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus buttersi St John and Worthen 1883
†Ctenacanthus chemungensis Claypole 1885
†Ctenacanthus clarkii Newberry 1889
†Ctenacanthus cliftonensis Branson and Mehl 1938
†Ctenacanthus compressus Newberry 1889
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus clarki Newberry 1889 [synonym]
†Ctenacanthus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Ctenacanthus coxianus Stjohn and Worthen 1883
†Ctenacanthus cylindricus Newberry 1889
†Ctenacanthus decussatus Eastman 1902
†Ctenacanthus depressus Newberry 1897
†Ctenacanthus elegans Tuomey 1858
†Ctenacanthus excavatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus fallax Woodward 1891
†Ctenacanthus formosus Newberry 1873
†Ctenacanthus furcicarinatus Newberry 1875
†Ctenacanthus gemmatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus gracillimus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Ctenacanthus gradocostatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus gurleyi Newberry 1897
†Ctenacanthus keokuk Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus laevis Davis 1883
†Ctenacanthus littoni Newberry 1889
†Ctenacanthus major Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus deflexus St. John and Worthen 1883 [objective synonym], Ctenacanthus harrisoni St. John and Worthen 1883 [objective synonym], Ctenacanthus maximus de Koninck 1878 [synonym], Ctenacanthus salopiensis Davis 1883 [objective synonym], Ctenacanthus spectabilis St. John and Worthen 1875 [objective synonym], Ctenacanthus tenuistriatus Agassiz 1836 [objective synonym], Ctenacanthus varians St. John and Worthen 1875 [objective synonym]
†Ctenacanthus marshii Newberry 1873
†Ctenacanthus mayi Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Ctenacanthus minor Davis 1879
†Ctenacanthus mutabilis Branson 1933
†Ctenacanthus ornatus Agassiz 1836
†Ctenacanthus pellensis Saint John and Worthen 1883
†Ctenacanthus pugiunculus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus randalli Newberry 1889
†Ctenacanthus sculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus similis Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus speciosus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Ctenacanthus triangularis Newberry 1873
†Ctenacanthus venustus Eastman 1902
†Ctenacanthus vetustus Newberry 1873
†Ctenacanthus wrighti Newberry 1884
†Ctenacanthus xiphias Saint John and Worthen 1883
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus crenatus McCoy 1855 [nomen dubium], Ctenacanthus crenulatus Agassiz 1837 [nomen nudum]
G. †Glikmanius Ginter et al. 2005
+
†Glikmanius culmenis Koot et al. 2013
†Glikmanius myachkovensis Lebedev 2001
+
Invalid names: Cladodus girtyi Hay 1900 [synonym], Cladodus mortifer Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Phoebodus knightianus Eastman 1903 [synonym]
G. †Glymmatacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1875
+
†Glymmatacanthus irishii StJohn et al. 1883
†Glymmatacanthus petrodoides StJohn et al. 1883
†Glymmatacanthus rudis StJohn et al. 1883
G. †Tamiobatis Eastman 1897
+
†Tamiobatis springeri St. John and Worthen 1875
†Tamiobatis succinctus St. John and Worthen 1875
†Tamiobatis vetustus Eastman 1897
†Tamiobatis wachsmuthi St. John and Worthen 1875
Invalid names: Anodontacanthus ruthenorum Chabakov 1928 [nomen nudum]
Superfm. †Ctenacanthoidea Zangerl 1981
+
G. †Anaclitacanthus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Anaclitacanthus semicostatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Asteroptychius Agassiz 1843
+
†Asteroptychius bellulus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Asteroptychius bellus Branson 1906
†Asteroptychius elegans Newberry 1889
†Asteroptychius gracilis Newberry 1897
†Asteroptychius keokuk Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Asteroptychius ornatus Agassiz 1843
†Asteroptychius sanctiludovici Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Asteroptychius tenellus Saint John and Worthen 1883
†Asteroptychius tenuis Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Asteroptychius triangularis Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Asteroptychius vetustus Saint John and Worthen 1875
Fm. †Bandringidae Zangerl 1969
+
G. †Bandringa Zangerl 1969
G. †Carinacanthus Bryant 1934
+
†Carinacanthus jepseni Bryant 1934
G. †Pyknotylacanthus Mutter and Rieber 2005
+
†Pyknotylacanthus spathianus Mutter and Rieber 2005
G. †Rhombacanthus Williams 1985
+
†Rhombacanthus zangerli Williams 1985
G. †Wodnika Münster 1843
+
†Wodnika althausi Münster 1840
+
Invalid names: Strophodus angustus Münster 1843 [synonym], Strophodus arcuatus Münster 1840 [synonym]
†Wodnika ocoyae Jordan and Gilbert 1919
†Wodnika striatula Münster 1843
+
Invalid names: Radamas macrocephalus Münster 1843 [synonym]
Invalid names: Radamas Münster 1843 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tamiobatidae Hay 1902 [empty]
G. †Grossosteus White and Moy-Thomas 1940
+
Invalid names: Coelosteus Gross 1930 [replaced]
Fm. †Heslerodidae Maisey 2010
+
G. †Heslerodus Ginter 2002
+
†Heslerodus divergens Trautschold 1879
+
Invalid names: Phoebodus heslerorum Williams 1985 [synonym]
G. †Kaibabvenator Hodnett et al. 2012
+
†Kaibabvenator swiftae Hodnett et al. 2012
G. †Nanoskalme Hodnett et al. 2012
+
†Nanoskalme natans Hodnett et al. 2012
G. †Neosaivodus Hodnett et al. 2012
+
†Neosaivodus flagstaffensis Hodnett et al. 2012
G. †Pororhiza
G. †Saivodus Duffin and Ginter 2006
+
†Saivodus striatus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Cladodus corrugatus Croneis 1927 [synonym], Cladodus curtus Davis 1883 [synonym], Cladodus eccentricus St John and Worthen 1875 [synonym], Cladodus elongatus Davis 1883 [synonym], Cladodus ferox Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Cladodus grandis Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Cladodus hornei Davis 1883 [synonym], Cladodus magnificus Tuomey 1858 [synonym], Cladodus prototypus Eastman 1907 [synonym], Cladodus spinosus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Cladodus stenopus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym]
G. †Favusodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Favusodus orientalis Li et al. 2022
Subor. †Galei
+
+
G. †Nebrodes Garman 1913
G. †Plicodus Winkler 1874
+
G. †Caninoa Nardo 1844
G. †Caninotus Nardo 1844
G. †Pentanchus Smith 1912
G. †Thalassoklephtes Gistel 1848
+
G. †Micristodus Gill 1865
Invalid names: Lamnoidei [empty]
+
Fm. †Galeidae
+
G. †Boreogaleus Gill 1861
G. †Calliscyllium Tanaka 1912
G. †Cymocephalus Klein 1777
G. †Cynias Gill 1903
G. †Dirrhizodon Klunzinger 1870
G. †Eridacnis Smith 1913
G. †Eulamia Gill 1861
+
†Eulamia altima Springer 1950
G. †Gyrace Jordan and Hannibal 1922
+
†Gyrace occidentalis Agassiz 1856
+
Invalid names: Galeocerdo productus Agassiz 1834 [synonym]
G. †Hypopriondon Gill 1861
G. †Isoplagiodon Gill 1861
G. †Leptocarcharias Günther 1879
G. †Leptocarias Smith 1837
G. †Myrmillo Gistel 1848
G. †Platypodon Poey 1876
G. †Pleuracromylon Gill 1864
G. †Pseudogaleus Jaekel 1894
+
†Pseudogaleus voltai Jaekel 1894
G. †Rhinotriacis Gill 1862
G. †Rhizoprion Ogilby 1915
G. †Scylliogaleus Boulenger 1902
G. †Thalassorhinus Müller and Henle 1838
+
G. †Hueneichthys Reif 1977
+
†Hueneichthys costatus Reif 1977
Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966
+
G. †Cassisodus Ginter and Sun 2007
G. †Doratodus Schmid 1861
+
†Doratodus tricuspidatus Schmid 1861
G. †Hamiltonichthys Maisey 1989
+
†Hamiltonichthys mapesi Maisey 1989
G. †Hubeiodus Shang et al. 2008 [Hubei tooth]
+
†Hubeiodus ziguiensis Shang et al. 2008
Superfm. †Hybodontoidea Agassiz 1834
+
Fm. †Acrodontidae Casier 1959
+
Subfm. †Acrodontinae Maisey 1989
G. †Acrodus Agassiz 1834
+
Invalid names: Thectodus Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym]
G. †Sinacrodus Wang et al. 2007
G. †Strophodus Agassiz 1838
G. †Acrorhizodus Cappetta et al. 2006
+
†Acrorhizodus khoratensis Cappetta et al. 2006
G. †Diablodontus Hodnett et al. 2013
+
†Diablodontus michaeledmundi Hodnett et al. 2013
Fm. †Distobatidae Werner 1989
+
G. †Aegyptobatus Werner 1989
G. †Distobatus Werner 1989
G. †Glickmanodus Nessov et al. 1997
Fm. †Homalodontidae Mutter et al. 2008
+
G. †Homalodontus Mutter et al. 2008
+
Invalid names: Wapitiodus Mutter et al. 2007 [replaced]
G. †Prolatodon Pla et al. 2013
Invalid names: Wapitiodidae Mutter et al. 2007 [replaced]
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Bdellodus Quenstedt 1882
G. †Dicrenodus Romanowski 1853
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
G. †Frangerodus Rees and Underwood 2008
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
G. †Miosynechodus Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Priohybodus d'Erasmo 1960
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
G. †Thaiodus Cappetta et al. 1990
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
+
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
G. †Lamarodus Ivanov 2020
+
†Lamarodus triangulus Ivanov 2020
G. †Lissodus Brough 1935
+
†Lissodus africanus Broom 1913
†Lissodus angulatus Stensiö 1921
†Lissodus bartheli Werner 1989
†Lissodus cassangensis Teixeira 1956
+
Invalid names: Hybodus pusillus Teixeira 1956 [replaced]
†Lissodus cristatus Delsate and Duffin 1999
†Lissodus guenneguesi Delsate 2003
†Lissodus hasleensis Rees 1998
†Lissodus johnsonorum Milner and Kirkland 2006
†Lissodus leiodus Woodward 1887
†Lissodus leiopleurus Agassiz 1839
†Lissodus lepagei Duffin 1993
†Lissodus levis Woodward 1887
†Lissodus minimus Agassiz 1839
+
Invalid names: Thectodus glaber Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Thectodus inflatus Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Thectodus tricuspidatus Plieninger 1844 [synonym]
†Lissodus wardi Duffin 1985
†Lissodus xiushuiensis Wang et al. 2007
Fm. †Lonchidiidae Herman 1977
+
G. †Dabasacanthus Zangerl 1979
G. †Diabodus Cuny et al. 2004
G. †Gansuselache Wang et al. 2009
G. †Hylaeobatis Woodward 1916
G. †Isanodus Cuny et al. 2006
G. †Jiaodontus Klug et al. 2010
G. †Lonchidion Estes 1964
+
Invalid names: Priscavolucris Gomez Pallerola 1979 [synonym]
G. †Luopingselache Wen et al. 2023
G. †Parvodus Rees and Underwood 2002
G. †Vectiselachos Rees and Underwood 2002
Fm. †Polyacrodontidae Glükman 1964
+
G. †Diplolonchidion Heckert 2004
G. †Polyacrodus Jaekel 1889
G. †Roongodus Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
Fm. †Tristychiidae Moy-Thomas 1936
+
G. †Tristychius Agassiz 1837
Invalid names: Asteracanthus semiverrucosus Egerton 1854 [nomen dubium], Asteracanthus verrucosus Egerton 1854 [nomen dubium], Hybodus strictus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium]
+
†Mesodmodus explanatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus exsculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus ornatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Omanoselache Koot et al. 2013
+
†Omanoselache angiolinii Koot et al. 2013
†Omanoselache bucheri Cuny et al. 2001
†Omanoselache halli Koot and Cuny 2014
†Omanoselache hendersoni Koot et al. 2013
Fm. †Pseudodalatiidae Reif 1978
+
G. †Pseudodalatias Reif 1978
+
†Pseudodalatias henarejensis Botella et al. 2009
+
G. †Ptychodus Agassiz 1834
+
†Ptychodus altior Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus anonymus Williston 1900
†Ptychodus arcuatus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus articulatus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus belluccii Bonarelli 1899
†Ptychodus concentricus Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus decurrens Agassiz 1838
+
Invalid names: Ptychodus depressus Dixon 1850 [synonym], Ptychodus multistriatus Woodward 1889 [synonym], Ptychodus oweni Dixon 1850 [synonym]
†Ptychodus elevatus Leriche 1929
†Ptychodus gibberulus Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus latissimus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus mahakalensis Chiplonkar and Ghare 1977
†Ptychodus mammillaris Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus marginalis Agassiz 1839
†Ptychodus martini Williston 1900
+
Invalid names: Ptychodus connellyi MacLeod and Slaughter 1980 [synonym]
†Ptychodus mortoni Mantell 1836
†Ptychodus occidentalis Leidy 1868
†Ptychodus papillosus Cope 1875
†Ptychodus parvulus Whiteaves 1889
†Ptychodus pauli Coquand 1859
†Ptychodus polygyrus Agassiz 1835
†Ptychodus rhombodus Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
†Ptychodus rugosus Dixon 1850
†Ptychodus schlottheimii Agassiz 1834
†Ptychodus spectabilis Agassiz 1837
†Ptychodus whipplei Marcou 1858
Invalid names: Buffonites Sternberg 1829 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Reesodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Reesodus pectinatus Lebedev 1996
†Reesodus underwoodi Koot et al. 2013
†Reesodus wirksworthensis Duffin 1985
Fm. †Steinbachodontidae Reif 1980
+
G. †Steinbachodus Reif 1980
+
G. †Teresodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Teresodus amplexus Koot et al. 2013
Unr. Neoselachii Compagno 1977
+
Fm. †Agaleidae Rees 2000
+
G. †Agaleus Duffin and Ward 1983
+
†Agaleus dorsetensis Duffin and Ward 1983
Fm. †Anachronistidae Duffin and Ward 1983
+
G. †Cooleyella Gunnell 1933
+
†Cooleyella amazonensis Duffin et al. 1996
†Cooleyella cuspidata Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella duffini Ivanov 2015
†Cooleyella fordi Duffin and Ward 1983
†Cooleyella peculiaris Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella quadrilobata Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella quinqueloba Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella simplex Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella spatulata Gunnell 1933
Invalid names: Anachronistes Duffin and Ward 1983 [synonym]
Unr. Batoidea [ray]
+
Subor. †Masticura Gill 1872
+
Superfm. †Rhinobatoidea
+
G. †Cristomylus Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Engaibatis Arratia et al. 2002
Or. Torpediniformes [electric ray]
+
Fm. Narcinidae Gill 1862 [numbfish]
Superfm. †Narcinoidea
Fm. Torpedinidae [torpedo]
Invalid names: Pristiformes [empty]
Superor. Batomorphii Cappetta 1980
+
G. †Enantiobatis Cappetta and Case 1999
+
†Enantiobatis tarrantensis Cappetta and Case 1999
Or. Myliobatiformes Compagno 1973 [stingray]
+
G. †Acanthobatis Larrazet 1866
G. †Bates Probst 1877
Fm. Dasyatidae Jordan 1888 [whiptail stingray]
Superfm. Dasyatoidea Whitley 1940
G. †Eomanta
Fm. Gymnuridae Fowler 1934
G. †Hypolophodon Cappetta 1980
Superfm. †Mobuloidea
Superfm. †Myliobatoidea
Subor. Myliobatoidei Compagno 1973
G. †Phosphatodon Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Ptychacanthus Agassiz 1836
G. †Texabatis Case and Cappetta 1997
Fm. Urolophidae Gray 1851 [round ray]
Invalid names: Ceratopteridae Whitley 1936 [empty], Platyrhinoidei [empty], Urotrygonidae McEachran et al. 1996 [empty]
Or. Rajiformes Berg 1940 [ray]
+
G. †Antiquaobatis Stumpf and Kriwet 2019
Fm. †Archaeobatidae Delsate and Candoni 2001
G. †Archingeayia Vullo et al. 2007
G. †Dynatobatis Larrazet 1886
G. †Engolismaia Vullo et al. 2007
G. †Erguitaia Cappetta 1989
G. †Hamrabatis Cappetta 1991
G. †Kiestus Cappetta and Case 1999
G. †Myeladaphus Cope 1876
G. †Oncobatis Leidy 1873
G. †Ostarriraja Marrama et al. 2018
Fm. Rajidae Blainville 1816 [skate]
Subor. †Rajoidei Garman 1913
G. Rhina [bowmouth guitarfish]
Subor. Rhinobatoidei Fowler 1941 [guitarfish]
Subor. †Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta 1980
G. †Sechmetia Werner 1989
G. †Squatirhina Casier 1947
G. †Tanoutia Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Tomewingia Case and Cappetta 2013
+
Invalid names: Ewingia Case and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
Unr. Torpedinoidea Jonet 1968
G. †Urobatis
G. †Urotrygon
G. †Zanobatus
Invalid names: Cyclobatidae Cappetta 1980 [empty], Hypolophidae Leriche 1902 [empty], Pristoidei [empty], Sclerorhynchiformes Kriwet 2004 [synonym], Spathobatidae [empty]
Or. †Rhinopristiformes Last et al. 2016
+
G. †Atlantobatis Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Microbatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Pristidae Bonaparte 1838 [sawfish]
Fm. †Rhinidae
Fm. Rhynchobatidae [wedgefish]
G. †Sowibatos Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Tlalocbatos Brito et al. 2019
Fm. †Zanobatidae Fowler 1934
+
G. †Plesiozanobatus Marramà et al. 2020
G. †Duffinselache Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
Superor. Galeomorphii Compagno 1973
+
Or. Carcharhiniformes Compagno 1973 [ground shark]
+
Fm. Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [requiem shark]
G. †Corysodon Saint-Seine 1949
Fm. †Florenceodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
Fm. Galeocerdidae Whitley 1934
G. †Platyrhizodon Guinot et al. 2013
Fm. Proscylliidae Fowler 1941
Fm. †Pseudoscyliorhinidae Stumpf et al. 2019
Fm. Scyliorhinidae Gill 1862 [cat shark]
Fm. Sphyrnidae Gill 1872 [hammerhead shark]
Fm. Triakidae Gray 1851 [hound shark]
Invalid names: Galeocerdonidae Poey 1875 [empty], Pseudotriakidae Brito Capello 1867 [empty]
G. †Jurobatos Thies 1983
+
†Jurobatos cappettai Thies 1983
Or. Lamniformes Berg 1958 [mackerel shark]
+
G. †Acutalamna Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
Fm. Alopiidae Bonaparte 1838 [thresher shark]
Fm. †Anacoracidae Casier 1947
Fm. †Aquilolamnidae Vullo et al. 2021
Fm. †Archaeolamnidae Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
Fm. Carchariidae Muller and Henle
G. †Carchariolamna Hora 1939
Fm. †Cardabiodontidae Siverson 1999
Fm. Cetorhinidae Gill 1862 [basking shark]
Fm. †Cretoxyrhinidae Glückman 1958
Fm. †Eoptolamnidae Kriwet et al. 2008
Fm. †Haimirichiidae Vullo et al. 2016
Fm. Lamnidae Müller and Henle 1838 [mackerel shark]
Fm. Mitsukurinidae Jordan 1898 [goblin shark]
Fm. Odontaspididae Müller and Henle 1839 [sand tiger shark]
G. †Orthodon Coquand 1860
G. †Palaeocarcharias Beaumont 1960
Fm. †Paraisuridae Herman 1979
Fm. †Pseudocarchariidae Compagno 1973
Fm. †Pseudocoracidae Cappetta 2012
Fm. †Pseudoscapanorhynchidae Herman 1979
Fm. †Serratolamnidae Landemaine 1991
Invalid names: Hybodus dispar Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium], Lamna (Odontaspis) ornata Rogovich 1861 [nomen dubium], Pseudisurus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium], Pseudocarcharidae Compagno 1973 [empty], Pseudoisurus tomosus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium]
Or. Orectolobiformes Applegate 1972 [carpet shark]
+
G. †Acanthoscyllium Cappetta 1980
G. †Akaimia Rees 2010
G. †Annea Thies 1983
Fm. †Brachaeluridae Applegate 1972
G. †Columbusia Case et al. 2001
G. †Dorsetoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Garrigascyllium Guinot et al. 2014
Fm. Hemiscylliidae Gill 1862
G. †Heterophorcynus Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Magistrauia Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Mesiteia Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885
Fm. Orectolobidae Jordan and Fowler 1903 [wobbegong]
Superfm. Orectoloboidea Maylor 2012
Subor. Orectoloboidei Applegate 1974
G. †Ornatoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Parahemiscyllium Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Parasquatina Herman 1982
Fm. Rhincodontidae Müller and Henle 1839 [whale shark]
Fm. †Rhinocodontidae Garman 1913
Fm. †Stegostomatidae Gill 1862
Invalid names: Galeoidea Hay 1902 [empty]
G. †Grozonodon Cuny et al. 1998
+
†Grozonodon candaui Cuny et al. 1998
G. †Hopleacanthus Schaumberg 1982
+
†Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis Schaumberg 1982
Fm. †Mcmurdodontidae White 1968
+
G. †Nanocetorhinus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
+
†Nanocetorhinus tuberculatus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
G. †Odontorhytis Bohm 1926
+
Fm. †Ostenoselachidae Duffin 1998
+
G. †Ostenoselache Duffin 1998
+
†Ostenoselache stenosoma Duffin 1998
G. †Rhomaleodus Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
†Rhomaleodus budurovi Andreev and Cuny 2012
Unr. Selachii [shark]
+
Subor. †Asterospondyli Haase
+
Invalid names: Gestracionidae [empty]
G. †Cooperodon Whitley 1956
+
†Cooperodon typicalis Gunnell 1933
Invalid names: Cooperella Gunnell 1933 [replaced]
Subor. †Ctenacanthoidei Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971
+
Invalid names: Londichiidae Herman 1977 [empty]
G. †Fortscottella Gunnell 1931
+
†Fortscottella gemmicula Gunnell 1933
Superor. †Galeomorphi
+
G. †Erquitaia Cappetta 1989
Or. Heterodontiformes Berg 1940 [bullhead shark]
G. †Hypsobatis Cappetta 1992
G. †Rajorhina Jaekel 1894
G. †Reifia Duffin 1980
G. †Youssoubatis Cappetta 1992
G. †Hammondella Gunnell 1933
+
†Hammondella crassa Gunnell 1933
†Hammondella globosa Gunnell 1933
G. †Idiacanthus Gunnell 1933
G. †Kirkella Gunnell 1933
+
†Kirkella elliptica Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella indentata Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella typicalis Gunnell 1933
G. †Moreyella Gunnell 1933
+
†Moreyella aviculiformis Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella trilobata Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella typicalis Gunnell 1933
Fm. Notidanidae Bonaparte
+
G. †Xenodolamia Leidy 1877
Subor. Rajae
+
Invalid names: Pachyura Gill 1872 [empty]
Subor. Squali Müller and Henle 1838
+
Invalid names: Petalodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Squaloidea [empty]
Superor. †Squalimorphi
+
Unr. †Squalida Nelson 2016
Unr. †Squatinida
Invalid names: Pristiphoriformes [empty]
Subor. †Tectospondyli
+
Invalid names: Squaloidei [empty]
Fm. Trygonidae Müller and Henle 1837
+
G. †Cyclobatis Egerton 1844
G. †Xiphotrygon Cope 1879
Invalid names: Anacoracoidei [empty], Centrobati Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Notidani Jaekel 1911 [empty], Notidanoidei [empty], Palaeosquali Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinoraji Jaekel 1911 [empty], Scyllidae [empty], Spinacidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Statodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Trirostri Jaekel 1911 [empty]
Superor. †Squalea Shirai 1996
+
Superor. †Hypnosqualea Carvalho and Maisey 1996
+
Fm. †Protospinacidae Woodward 1919
G. †Microtoxodus Delsate 2003
+
†Microtoxodus gulakmani Delsate 2003
Or. Squalomorphii Compagno 1973
+
Or. Hexanchiformes de Buen 1926
+
Fm. †Crassonotidae Kriwet and Klug 2012
G. †Eonotidanus Pfeil 1893
Fm. Hexanchidae Gray 1851 [cow shark]
Subor. †Hexanchoidei Hay 1902
Fm. †Komoksodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Paranotidanus Ward and Thies 1987
Fm. †Pseudonotidanidae Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Thrinax
G. †Weltonia
Invalid names: Heptranchidae Barnard 1925 [empty]
Or. Pristiophoriformes Berg 1958 [saw shark]
+
G. †Ikamuius Keyes 1979
Fm. Pristiophoridae Bleeker 1859
Invalid names: Hexanchida [empty]
Or. †Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward 1993
+
G. †Keichouodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Keichouodus nimaiguensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Mucrovenator Cuny et al. 2001
+
†Mucrovenator minimus Cuny et al. 2001
Fm. †Orthacodontidae de Beaumont 1960
+
G. †Occitanodus Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Sphenodus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Orthacodus Woodward 1889 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
+
G. †Antrigoulia Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Macrourogaleus Fowler 1947
G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Paraorthacodontidae Klug 2010
+
G. †Paraorthacodus Glikman 1957
G. †Parascylloides Thies et al. 2014
+
†Parascylloides turnerae Thies et al. 2014
G. †Polyfaciodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Polyfaciodus pandus Koot and Cuny 2014
G. †Rhomphaiodon Duffin 1993
+
†Rhomphaiodon minor Agassiz 1837
†Rhomphaiodon nicolensis Duffin 1993
G. †Safrodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Safrodus tozeri Koot and Cuny 2014
G. †Vallisodus Duffin 2021
+
†Vallisodus coppi Duffin 1982
Invalid names: Vallisia Duffin 1982 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dalatiiformes Shirai 1992 [empty], Galea Shirai 1996 [empty], Palaeocarcharidae [empty], Squatinomorphii Compagno 1973 [empty]
Superfm. †Protacrodontoidea Zangerl 1981
+
+
†Holmesella crassa Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella elongata Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella equilaterata Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella ornata Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella parallelata Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella parallella Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella quadrata Gunnel 1931
†Holmesella rhomboidelis Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella speni Gunnell 1933
†Holmesella triangularis Harlton 1933
†Holmesella wapanuckensis Harlton 1933
Fm. †Protacrodontidae Cappetta et al. 1993
+
G. †Dalmehodus Long and Hairapetian 2000
G. †Deihim Ginter et al. 2002
G. †Protacrodus Jaekel 1925
+
†Protacrodus vetustus Jaekel 1925
Fm. †Sphenacanthidae Maisey 1982
+
G. †Khuffia Koot et al. 2013
+
†Khuffia lenis Koot et al. 2013
†Khuffia prolixa Koot et al. 2013
G. †Sphenacanthus Agassiz 1837
+
†Sphenacanthus costellatus Traquair 1884
†Sphenacanthus hybodioides Agassiz 1843
†Sphenacanthus hybodoides Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus marshi Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus riorastoensis Pauliv et al. 2012
†Sphenacanthus sanpauloensis Chahud et al. 2010
†Sphenacanthus serrulatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Surcaudalus Leu 1989
+
Invalid names: Dasyatiformes [empty], Hybodonta [empty], Musteliformes [empty], Notidaniformes [empty], Protacrodontiformes [empty], Scyliorhiniformes [empty], Squatinoidei Berg 1940 [empty], Squatinorajiformes [empty], Synechodontidae Casier 1947 [empty]
+
Invalid names: Isuroidei Garman 1913 [empty]
G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999
+
†Gondwanodus irwinensis Daymond 1999
Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland
+
G. †Cyrtacanthus Newberry 1873
+
†Cyrtacanthus dentatus Newberry 1873
G. †Gampsacanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Gampsacanthus latus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus squamosus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus typus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Lecracanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Lecracanthus unguiculus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Marracanthus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Marracanthus rectus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Phlyctaenacanthus Eastman 1898
+
†Phlyctaenacanthus telleri Eastman 1898
Fm. †Kannathalepididae Marss and Gagnier 2001
+
G. †Kannathalepis Marss and Gagnier 2001
+
†Kannathalepis milleri Marss and Gagnier 2001
G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997
+
†Labascicorona alata Johns 1997
G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997
+
G. †Leonodus Mader 1986
G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008
Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014
+
G. †Acanthorhachis Martill et al. 2014
+
†Acanthorhachis spinatus Bolton 1896
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus wardi Woodward 1891 [synonym]
G. †Listracanthus Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
†Listracanthus hystrix Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus beyrichi von Koenen 1879 [synonym], Listracanthus eliasi Hibbard 1938 [synonym], Listracanthus hildrethi Newberry 1875 [synonym], Listracanthus woltersi Schmidt 1949 [synonym]
†Listracanthus pectenatus Mutter and Neuman 2006
G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Meishanselache liui Wang et al. 2007
G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997
+
†Minuticorona uniculmen Johns 1997
Or. †Omalodontiformes Turner 1997
+
Fm. †Aztecodontidae Hairapetian et al. 2008
+
G. †Aztecodus Long and Young 1995
+
Invalid names: Anareodus Long and Young 1995 [synonym]
G. †Manberodus Hairapetian et al. 2008
+
†Manberodus fortis Hairapetian et al. 2008
Fm. †Omalodontidae Ginter et al. 2008
+
G. †Omalodus Ginter and Ivano 1992
+
†Omalodus grabaui Hussakof and Bryant 1918
+
Invalid names: Omalodus bryanti Wells 1944 [synonym], Omalodus schultzei Hampe et al. 2004 [synonym]
G. †Portalodus Long and Young 1995
G. †Siberiodus Ivanov and Rodina 2004
G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873
+
†Oniscina ornata Goldenberg 1873
+
Invalid names: Arthropleura ornata Goldenberg 1873 [synonym]
G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997
G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997
+
Infracl. Osteodonti
+
Superor. Lamnae
+
+
Superfm. Isuroidea Glükman 1964
+
Fm. Isuridae Gray 1851 [mackerel shark]
Fm. Lamiostomatidae Glükman 1964
+
Fm. †Jaekelotodontidae Glükman 1964
Invalid names: Carcharodontidae Gill 1892 [empty]
Superfm. †Scapanorhynchoidea
+
Invalid names: Scapanorhynchidae Bigelow and Schroeder 1948 [empty]
Invalid names: Anacoracoidea [empty]
G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Parvicorona dacrysulca Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997
+
†Parvidiabolus acutus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus convexus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus obliquus Johns 1997
G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997
+
†Parviscapha trivela Johns 1997
†Parviscapha univelum Johns 1997
Or. †Phoebodontiformes Ginter et al. 2002
+
G. †Jalodus Ginter 1999
Fm. †Phoebodontidae Williams 1985
+
G. †Diademodus Harris 1951
G. †Phoebodus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Phoebodus bifurcatus Ginter and Ivanov 1992
†Phoebodus densneptuni Eastman 1903
†Phoebodus fastigatus Ginter and Ivanov 1992
†Phoebodus latus Ginter and Ivanov 1995
†Phoebodus macisaacsii Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Phoebodus politus Newberry 1899
†Phoebodus sophiae St. John and Worthen 1875
†Phoebodus springeri Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Thrinacodus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Thrinacodus bicornis Newberry 1879
†Thrinacodus duplicatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Thrinacodus incurvus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Harpagodens ferox Turner 1982 [synonym], Thrinacodus nanus St. John and Worthen 1875 [synonym]
Invalid names: Harpago Turner 1982 [synonym], Harpagodens Turner 1983 [synonym]
G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843
+
†Physonemus arcuatus McCoy 1848
†Physonemus asper Leidy 1859
†Physonemus carinatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus gemmatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Physonemus gigas Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Physonemus gigii Branson 1916
†Physonemus mirabilis St John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus pandatus Eastman 1903
†Physonemus stellatus Newberry 1889
†Physonemus striatus Moore 1929
†Physonemus subteres Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]
Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier
+
+
G. †Rhaibodus Bohm 1926
+
†Rhaibodus rapax Bohm 1926
G. †Narcopterus Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Eulamiidae [empty], Hexeptranchidae [empty], Raiae [empty]
G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948
+
†Platylithophycus cretaceus Johnson and Howell 1948
Fm. †Protodontidae Woodward 1932
+
G. †Dendrodus Owen 1841
+
†Dendrodus arisaigensis Whiteaves 1896
†Dendrodus biporcatus Owen 1841
†Dendrodus strigatus Owen 1841
G. †Protodus Woodward 1892
+
†Protodus jexi Woodward 1892
G. †Stigmodus Brotzen 1934
G. †Raineria Osswald 1928
+
†Raineria osswaldi Cappetta 1987
G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Rosaodus xingyiensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997
+
†Rugosicorona devexa Johns 1997
G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
†Sacrisubcorona circabasis Johns et al. 1997
Subcl. Selachii [shark]
+
Or. †Acanthodei Gunnell 1933
+
Fm. †Acanthoessidae Hay 1902
+
G. †Heteracanthus Newberry 1889
+
†Heteracanthus heterogyrus Agassiz 1845
G. †Holacanthodes Beyrich 1848
G. †Machaerius Rouault 1858
G. †Pelonectes Gistel 1848
G. †Rhadinacanthus Traquair 1888
G. †Traquairia Fritsch 1893
+
Invalid names: Janassides [empty], Prosarthri [empty]
Or. †Ichthyotomi Cope
+
+
G. †Bathycheilodus St John and Worthen 1875
+
†Hybocladodus compressus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Hybocladodus intermedius Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Hybocladodus nitidus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Hybocladodus plicatilis Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Hybocladodus tenuicostatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Lambdodus
+
†Lambdodus calceolus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Lambdodus costatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Lambdodus hamulus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Lambdodus reflexus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Lambdodus transversus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Pternodus Garman 1885
Invalid names: Pleuracanthides Haeckel 1895 [empty]
Or. †Polyspondyli Jordan 1963
+
Fm. †Onchidae
+
G. †Leptocheles M'Coy 1853
G. †Naulas Agassiz 1845
Invalid names: Pleuropterygii [empty], Selachophidichthyoidei [empty]
G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002
+
G. †Siamodus
G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997
+
G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997
+
Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964
+
G. †Anodontacanthus Davis 1881
Fm. †Orthacanthidae Heyler and Poplin 1989
+
G. †Orthacanthus Agassiz 1843
+
†Orthacanthus adamas Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Orthacanthus gracilis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus buxieri Heyler and Poplin 1989
†Orthacanthus compressus Newberry 1856
+
Invalid names: Diplodus latus Newberry 1856 [synonym], Diplodus penetrans Dawson 1868 [synonym]
†Orthacanthus donnelljohnsi Johnson and Thayer 2009
†Orthacanthus gibbosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus gracilis Giebel 1848
†Orthacanthus lintonensis Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Diplodus gracilis Newberry 1856 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus milleri Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus minor Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus pustulosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus texensis Cope 1888
Invalid names: Chilodus Giebel 1847 [synonym], Didymodus Cope 1883 [synonym], Diplodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Dittodus Owen 1867 [synonym], Giebelodus Whitley 1940 [synonym]
Infracl. †Xenacanthimorpha
+
Or. †Bransonelliformes Hampe and Ivanov 2007
+
G. †Barbclabornia Johnson 2003
+
G. †Bransonella Harlton 1933
+
†Bransonella lingulata Ivanov and Ginter 1996
†Bransonella nebraskensis Johnson 1984
†Bransonella tribula Elliott and Hodnett 2013
†Bransonella tridentata Harlton 1933
Or. †Xenacanthiformes Berg 1955
+
Fm. †Diplodoselachidae Dick 1981
+
G. †Dicentrodus Traquair 1888
+
†Dicentrodus bicuspidatus Traquair 1881
G. †Diplodoselache Dick 1981
G. †Hagenoselache Hampe and Heidtke 1997
G. †Lebachacanthus Soler-Gijon 1997
Fm. †Xenacanthidae Fritsch 1889
+
G. †Acanthopleurus Agassiz 1843
+
†Acanthopleurus serratus Agassiz 1842
G. †Aganodus Owen 1867
G. †Compsacanthus Newberry 1856
+
†Compsacanthus laevis Newberry 1856
G. †Diacranodus Garman 1885
+
†Diacranodus texensis Cope 1888
G. †Fayolia Renault and Zeiller 1884
+
†Fayolia dentata Renault and Zeiller 1884
†Fayolia sharovi Fischer et al. 2011
†Fayolia sterzeliana Weiss 1887
G. †Lepacanthus Arthaber 1896
+
†Lepacanthus gracilis Arthaber 1896
G. †Lophacanthus Stock 1880
G. †Mooreodontus Hampe and Schneider 2010
G. †Ochlodus Owen 1867
G. †Phricacanthus Davis 1879
G. †Platyacanthus Fritsch 1889
+
†Platyacanthus americanus Hussakof 1911
G. †Pleuracanthus Agassiz 1837
+
†Pleuracanthus arcuatus Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus biserialis Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus cylindricus Agassiz 1843
†Pleuracanthus decheni Goldfuss 1847
†Pleuracanthus dilatatus Newberry 1856
†Pleuracanthus laevissimus Agassiz 1837
†Pleuracanthus robustus Davis 1880
G. †Plicatodus Hampe 1995
G. †Pternodus Owen 1867
G. †Triodus Jordan 1849
+
†Triodus elpia Johnson and Thayer 2009
†Triodus moorei Woodward 1889
G. †Wurdigneria Richter 2005
G. †Xenacanthus Beyrich 1848
+
†Xenacanthus indicus Jain 1980
Fm. †Xenosynechodontidae Gluckman 1980
+
G. †Xenosynechodus Gluckman 1980
+
†Xenosynechodus egloni Gluckman 1980
Invalid names: Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 13:49:23
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:31:01
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Silurian to the top of the Holocene or 443.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 419.2 Ma

Collections (4390 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Silurian443.8 - 419.2Canada (Nunavut) Kannathalepis milleri (135991)
Early/Lower Devonian419.2 - 393.3Bolivia Antarctilamna seriponensis (25592)
Devonian419.2 - 358.9USA (Kentucky) Asteracanthus siderius (87058)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Canada (New Brunswick) Protodus jexi (90629)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Canada (New Brunswick) Doliodus problematicus (232474)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Russian Federation Elasmobranchii indet. (35710 35711 35712 35713)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Belarus (Gormel) Rhadinacanthus primaris (232957)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Belarus (Vitebsk) Rhadinacanthus primaris (232875 232877)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (New Brunswick) Diplodus problematicus (197260)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Piaui) Ctenacanthus sp. (37126 37128)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9Russian Federation Elasmobranchii indet. (35720)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian402.5 - 387.7Latvia Rhadinacanthus sp. (226510)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus Elasmobranchii indet. (225882)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus (Vitebsk) Rhadinacanthus primaris (232958)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia Elasmobranchii n. gen., Rhadinacanthus multisulcatus (225851)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Spain (Cataluña) Antarctilamna sp., Phoebodus fastigatus (90633) Phoebodus fastigatus (90632) Phoebodus fastigatus, Omalodus grabaui (90635) Phoebodus sophiae (90636 90637 90638) Phoebodus sophiae, Omalodus grabaui (90639)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran (Esfahan) Phoebodus latus, Manberodus fortis (90626 90627)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran Elasmobranchii indet. (226048)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (New South Wales) Elasmobranchii indet., Phoebodus fastigatus, Phoebodus latus, Protacrodus sp. (232510)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Russian Federation Stethacanthidae indet., Hybodontidae indet., Protacrodus sp. (133345) Symmoriidae indet., Hybodontidae indet. (133350)