PBDB

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Sauropodomorpha (sauropodomorph)

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Sauropodomorpha was named by Huene (1932). It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).

It was reranked as the order Sauropodomorpha by Bakker and Galton (1974); it was reranked as the superorder Sauropodomorpha by Olshevsky (1992); it was reranked as the unranked clade Sauropodomorpha by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Novas (1992), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Tang et al. (2001), Rauhut (2003), Langer (2004), Yates (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Langer et al. (2010), Novas et al. (2011), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Cabreira et al. (2011) and Apaldetti et al. (2018).

It was assigned to Saurischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Archosauria by Olshevsky (1992); to Saurischia by Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Reig (1970), Steel (1970), Swinton (1970), Ellenberger (1972), Krebs (1974), del Corro (1975), Jain et al. (1975), Anderson and Cruickshank (1978), Baird and Horner (1979), Benton (1979), Ostrom (1980), McGinnis (1982), Russell (1984), Galton and Van Heerden (1985), Buscalioni and Sanz (1987), Carroll (1988) and Long and Murry (1995); to Eusaurischia by Langer (2004), Yates (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Novas et al. (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011) and Cabreira et al. (2011); and to Saurischia by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Novas (1992), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Tang et al. (2001), Rauhut (2003), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Langer et al. (2010), Nesbitt (2011) and Apaldetti et al. (2018).

Synonyms

Thotobolosaurus was named by Ellenberger (1970). Its type is Thotobolosaurus mabeatae.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain (2020).

It was assigned to Euskelesauridae by Ellenberger (1970).
Thotobolosaurus mabeatae was named by Ellenberger (1970). It is not a trace fossil. Its type locality is Thotobolo ea 'Ma-beata (zone A/4), which is in a Norian/Rhaetian lacustrine sandstone/claystone in the Elliot Formation of Lesotho. It is the type species of Thotobolosaurus.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain (2020).
Pachysuchus was named by Young (1951). Its type is Pachysuchus imperfectus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Barrett and Xu (2012).

It was assigned to Parasuchia by Young (1951); and to Phytosauridae by Charig (1967).
Pachysuchus imperfectus was named by Young (1951). Its type specimen is IVPP V40, a partial skull (Skull fragment), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Huangchiatien, Lufeng, which is in a Sinemurian terrestrial horizon in the Lufeng Formation of China. It is the type species of Pachysuchus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Luo and Wu (1994) and Barrett and Xu (2012).
Orosaurus was named by Huxley (1866). Its type is Orinosaurus capensis.

It was replaced with Orinosaurus by Lydekker (1889) and Kuhn (1939); it was synonymized subjectively with Euskelosaurus by Huene (1914), Romer (1966), Heerden (1979) and Cooper (1981).

It was assigned to Dinosauria by Huxley (1866) and Fischer (1870); to Stegosauria by Zittel (1890); to Zanclodontidae by Huene (1902); to Teratosauridae by Romer (1956) and Tatarinov (1964); and to Anchisauridae by Steel (1970).
Euskelesaurus was named by Huxley (1866). Its type is Euskelosaurus brownii. It is the type genus of Euskelesauridae.

It was corrected as Euskelosaurus by Huene (1902), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Huene (1914), Haughton (1924), Kuhn (1939), Huene (1940), Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Steel (1970), Heerden (1979), Olsen and Galton (1984), Attridge et al. (1985), Galton (1985), Battail (1986), Ginsburg (1986), Carroll (1988), Gauffre (1993), Galton and Van Heerden (1998) and Galton and Upchurch (2004); it was considered a nomen dubium by Yates (2003), Knoll (2004) and Galton et al. (2005).

It was assigned to Megalosaurinidae by Huxley (1870); to Stegosauria by Zittel (1890); to Stegosauria by Winkler (1893); to Scelidosauridae by Marsh (1896); to Zanclodontidae by Huene (1902); to Dinosauria by Huxley (1866), Fischer (1870) and Broom (1909); to Theropoda by Broom (1913); to Prosauropoda by Kuhn (1939); to Saurischia by Huene (1940); to Euskelesauridae by Ellenberger (1970); to Melanorosauridae by Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Steel (1970), Attridge et al. (1985) and Battail (1986); to Anchisauridae by Olsen and Galton (1984), Galton (1985) and Carroll (1988); and to Plateosauridae by Huene (1908), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Huene (1914), Van Hoepen (1920), Haughton (1924), Nopcsa (1928), Haughton and Brink (1954), Anderson and Cruickshank (1978), Heerden (1979), Ginsburg (1986), Gauffre (1993), Galton and Van Heerden (1998) and Galton and Upchurch (2004).
Euskelesaurus brownii was named by Huxley (1866). Its type specimen is BMNH R1625, a set of postcrania, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Barnard's Spruit, Aliwal North (zone A/5), which is in a Norian/Rhaetian terrestrial horizon in the Elliot Formation of South Africa. It is the type species of Euskelosaurus, Euskelesaurus.

It was recombined as Euskelosaurus browni by Charig (1967); it was recombined as Euskelosaurus brownii by Steel (1970), Heerden (1979), Galton (1985), Galton and Van Heerden (1998) and Galton and Upchurch (2004); it was misspelled as Euskelesaurus browni by Ellenberger (1970), Olsen and Galton (1984), Ginsburg (1986), Gauffre (1993), Chinsamy (1997), Durand (2001) and Harris et al. (2002); it was considered a nomen dubium by Yates (2003) and Galton et al. (2005); it was misspelled as Euskelosaurus browni by Galton (2007); it was synonymized objectively with Kholumolumo ellenbergerorum by Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain (2020).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1866	Euskelesaurus Huxley pp. 1-6
1866	Euskelesaurus brownii Huxley p. 1
1866	Euskelesaurus Huxley p. 4
1866	Euskelesaurus brownii Huxley p. 4
1866	Orosaurus Huxley p. 5
1870	Euskelesaurus browni Fischer p. 177
1870	Euskelesaurus Fischer p. 178
1870	Orosaurus Fischer p. 178
1870	Euskelesaurus Huxley p. 34
1890	Euscelosaurus Zittel p. 749
1890	Orosaurus Zittel p. 749
1892	Euskelesaurus browni Seeley p. 190
1893	Euscelosaurus Winkler p. 105
1893	Euskelesaurus browni Winkler p. 113
1894	Euskelesaurus browni Seeley p. 317
1896	Euskelesaurus Marsh p. 196
1902	Euskelosaurus Huene
1902	Orosaurus Huene
1908	Euskelesaurus Huene p. 252
1909	Euskelesaurus Broom p. 289
1909	Euskelesaurus brownii Broom p. 289
1909	Euskelosaurus Huene p. 14
1911	Euskelosaurus von Zittel p. 279
1913	Euskelesaurus Broom p. 364
1913	Euskelesaurus brownii Broom p. 364
1914	Euskelosaurus Huene p. 16
1914	Euskelosaurus browni Huene p. 16
1920	Euskelesaurus Van Hoepen p. 100
1920	Euskelesaurus browni Van Hoepen p. 100
1924	Euskelosaurus Haughton
1924	Euskelosaurus browni Haughton
1928	Euskelesaurus Nopcsa p. 182–183
1932	Sauropodomorpha Huene
1939	Euskelosaurus Kuhn p. 66
1939	Euskelosaurus browni Kuhn p. 66
1940	Euskelosaurus Huene p. 263
1940	Euskelosaurus browni Huene p. 263
1951	Pachysuchus Young p. 25
1951	Pachysuchus imperfectus Young p. 25–26
1954	Euskelesaurus Haughton and Brink p. 4
1954	Euskelesaurus browni Haughton and Brink p. 36
1956	Orosaurus Romer p. 615
1956	Euskelosaurus Romer p. 618
1964	Orosaurus Tatarinov p. 537
1966	Euskelosaurus browni Ellenberger and Ginsburg p. 444
1966	Euskelosaurus Romer p. 370
1966	Sauropodomorpha Romer p. 370
1967	Pachysuchus Charig p. 709
1967	Pachysuchus imperfectus Charig p. 709
1967	Euskelosaurus Charig p. 712
1967	Euskelosaurus browni Charig p. 712
1967	Sauropodomorpha Charig p. 712
1970	Euskelesaurus Ellenberger p. 345
1970	Euskelesaurus browni Ellenberger p. 345
1970	Thotobolosaurus Ellenberger p. 345
1970	Thotobolosaurus mabeatae Ellenberger p. 345
1970	Sauropodomorpha Reig p. 277
1970	Sauropodomorpha Steel p. 46
1970	Orosaurus Steel p. 50
1970	Euskelosaurus Steel p. 57
1970	Euskelosaurus brownii Steel p. 57
1970	Sauropodomorpha Swinton p. 117
1972	Sauropodomorpha Ellenberger p. 152
1974	Sauropodomorpha Bakker and Galton p. 171
1974	Sauropodomorpha Krebs p. 22
1975	Sauropodomorpha Jain et al.
1975	Sauropodomorpha del Corro p. 231
1978	Euskelesaurus Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1978	Sauropodomorpha Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1979	Sauropodomorpha Baird and Horner p. 10
1979	Sauropodomorpha Benton p. 143
1979	Euskelosaurus Heerden
1979	Euskelosaurus brownii Heerden
1980	Sauropodomorpha Ostrom p. 22
1982	Sauropodomorpha McGinnis p. 28
1984	Euskelosaurus Olsen and Galton p. 91
1984	Euskelosaurus browni Olsen and Galton p. 91
1984	Sauropodomorpha Russell p. 28
1985	Euskelosaurus Attridge et al. p. 128
1985	Euskelosaurus Galton p. 671
1985	Euskelosaurus brownii Galton pp. 671-672
1985	Sauropodomorpha Galton and Van Heerden
1985	Sauropodomorpha Gauthier and Padian pp. 189-190 fig. 2
1986	Euskelosaurus Battail p. 49
1986	Sauropodomorpha Gauthier p. 44
1986	Euskelosaurus Ginsburg p. 143
1986	Euskelosaurus broomi Ginsburg p. 143
1987	Sauropodomorpha Brinkman and Sues p. 503
1987	Sauropodomorpha Buscalioni and Sanz p. 66
1988	Euskelosaurus Carroll
1988	Sauropodomorpha Carroll
1989	Sauropodomorpha Gauthier et al. p. 346
1990	Sauropodomorpha Benton p. 19
1990	Sauropodomorpha Osmolska p. 148
1992	Sauropodomorpha Novas p. 131
1992	Sauropodomorpha Olshevsky p. 171
1993	Euskelosaurus browni Gauffre p. 147
1993	Euskelosaurus Gauffre p. 148
1993	Sauropodomorpha Sereno et al. p. 65 fig. 2
1995	Sauropodomorpha Long and Murry p. 189
1996	Sauropodomorpha Novas p. 737 fig. 10
1997	Euskelosaurus browni Chinsamy p. 677
1998	Euskelosaurus Galton and Van Heerden pp. 174-175
1998	Euskelosaurus brownii Galton and Van Heerden pp. 174-175
1998	Sauropodomorpha Sereno p. 63
1999	Sauropodomorpha Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2001	Euskelosaurus browni Durand p. 598
2001	Sauropodomorpha Tang et al. p. 14
2002	Euskelosaurus browni Harris et al. p. 251
2003	Sauropodomorpha Rauhut p. 129
2004	Euskelosaurus Galton and Upchurch p. 234 fig. 12.11
2004	Euskelosaurus brownii Galton and Upchurch p. 234
2004	Sauropodomorpha Langer p. 27
2005	Sauropodomorpha Yates p. 118 fig. 9
2006	Sauropodomorpha Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006	Sauropodomorpha Langer and Benton pp. 346-348 fig. 15
2007	Euskelosaurus browni Galton p. 518
2009	Sauropodomorpha Martínez and Alcober p. 11 fig. 10
2010	Sauropodomorpha Langer et al. p. 93
2011	Sauropodomorpha Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011	Sauropodomorpha Cabreira et al. p. 1036
2011	Sauropodomorpha Nesbitt p. 212 fig. 52
2011	Sauropodomorpha Novas et al. p. 341 fig. 4
2018	Sauropodomorpha Apaldetti et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida

Rank	Name	Author
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Eusaurischia
—	Sauropodomorpha	(Huene 1932)
—	Sauropodomorpha	(Huene 1932)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Sauropodomorpha Huene 1932 [sauropodomorph]

show all | hide all

G. †Arcusaurus Yates et al. 2011

†Arcusaurus pereirabdalorum Yates et al. 2011

G. †Asylosaurus Galton 2007

†Asylosaurus yalensis Galton 2007

Unr. †Bagualosauria Langer et al. 2019

G. †Bagualosaurus Pretto et al. 2019

†Bagualosaurus agudoensis Pretto et al. 2019

Unr. †Plateosauria Tornier 1913

Unr. †Anchisauria Galton and Upchurch 2004

Unr. †Prosauropoda Huene 1920 [prosauropod]

Fm. †Anchisauridae Marsh 1885 [anchisaurid]

Invalid names: Amphisauridae Marsh 1882 [synonym], Gryponichidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Palaeosauridae Huene 1932 [synonym]

G. †Barrancapus Hunt et al. 1993

Fm. †Otozoidae Lull 1904

G. †Pseudotetrasauropus Ellenberger 1965

G. †Rotodactylopus Ellenberger 1970

G. †Tetrasauropus Ellenberger 1970

G. †Yimenosaurus Bai et al. 1990

Invalid names: Aetonyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Aetonyx palustris Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Agrosaurus Seeley 1891 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus erectus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dimodosaurus Pidancet and Chopard 1862 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus gracilis Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Euskelesauridae Ellenberger 1970 [empty], Euskelosaurus africanus Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Fulengia Carroll and Galton 1977 [nomen dubium], Gigantoscelus Van Hoepen 1916 [nomen dubium], Gresslyosaurus Rütimeyer 1856 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx africanus Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx taylori Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx transvaalensis Broom 1912 [nomen dubium], Gyposaurus capensis Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus Seeley 1894 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus skirtopodus Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Leptospondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus browni Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus harriesi Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus schwarzi Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Mussauridae Bonaparte and Vince 1979 [empty], Orinosaurus Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Orinosaurus capensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Pachysauriscus Kuhn 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurops Huene 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurus Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Pachyspondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plateosauravidae Huene 1929 [empty], Plateosaurus stormbergensis Broom 1915 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus acutunguis Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus curtus Ellenberger 1972 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus elegans Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus francisci Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Tawasaurus Young 1982 [nomen dubium], Teratosaurus trossingensis Huene 1908 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus dubius Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus minor Haughton 1918 [nomen dubium], Yunnanosauridae Young 1942 [empty], Zanclodon bavaricus Sandberger 1894 [nomen dubium]

Invalid names: Melanorosauridae Huene 1929 [empty]

G. †Buriolestes Cabreira et al. 2016

†Buriolestes schultzi Cabreira et al. 2016

G. †Efraasia Galton 1973

†Efraasia minor Huene 1908

Invalid names: Palaeosaurus diagnosticus Fraas 1912 [synonym], Sellosaurus fraasi Huene 1908 [synonym]

G. †Eoraptor Sereno et al. 1993

†Eoraptor lunensis Sereno et al. 1993

G. †Eosauropus Lockley et al. 2006

†Eosauropus cimarronensis Lockley et al. 2006

Fm. †Guaibasauridae Bonaparte et al. 1999

G. †Agnosphitys Fraser et al. 2002

†Agnosphitys cromhallensis Fraser et al. 2002

G. †Guaibasaurus Bonaparte et al. 1999

†Guaibasaurus candelariensis Bonaparte et al. 1999

Invalid names: Saturnaliinae Ezcurra 2010 [empty]

G. †Kholumolumo Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020

†Kholumolumo ellenbergerorum Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020

G. †Lavinipes Avanzini et al. 2003

†Lavinipes cheminii Avanzini et al. 2003

†Lavinipes jaquesi Ellenberger 1970

G. †Liujianpus Xing et al. 2016

†Liujianpus shunan Xing et al. 2016

Unr. †Massopoda Yates 2007

G. †Anchisaurus Marsh 1885

†Anchisaurus polyzelus Hitchcock 1865

Invalid names: Ammosaurus major Marsh 1889 [synonym], Ammosaurus solus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Anchisaurus colurus Marsh 1891 [synonym]

Invalid names: Amphisaurus Marsh 1882 [replaced], Megadactylus Hitchcock 1865 [replaced], Yaleosaurus Huene 1932 [synonym]

Fm. †Massospondylidae Huene 1914

G. †Adeopapposaurus Martínez 2009 [far eating lizard]

†Adeopapposaurus mognai Martínez 2009

G. †Coloradisaurus Lambert 1983

†Coloradisaurus brevis Bonaparte 1978

G. †Glacialisaurus Smith and Pol 2007 [frozen lizard]

†Glacialisaurus hammeri Smith and Pol 2007

G. †Ignavusaurus Knoll 2010

†Ignavusaurus rachelis Knoll 2010

G. †Leyesaurus Apaldetti et al. 2011

†Leyesaurus marayensis Apaldetti et al. 2011

G. †Lufengosaurus Young 1940

†Lufengosaurus changduensis Zhao 1985

†Lufengosaurus huenei Young 1940

†Lufengosaurus magnus Young 1941

G. †Massospondylus Owen 1854

†Massospondylus carinatus Owen 1854

†Massospondylus hislopi Lydekker 1890

†Massospondylus kaalae Barrett 2009

G. †Ngwevu Chapelle et al. 2019

†Ngwevu intloko Chapelle et al. 2019

G. †Pradhania Kutty et al. 2007

†Pradhania gracilis Kutty et al. 2007

G. †Sarahsaurus Rowe et al. 2011

†Sarahsaurus aurifontanalis Rowe et al. 2011

Unr. †Riojasauridae Yates 2007

G. †Eucnemesaurus Van Hoepen 1920

†Eucnemesaurus entaxonis McPhee et al. 2015

†Eucnemesaurus fortis Van Hoepen 1920

Invalid names: Aliwalia rex Galton 1985 [synonym]

Invalid names: Aliwalia Galton 1985 [synonym]

G. †Riojasaurus Bonaparte 1969

†Riojasaurus incertus Bonaparte 1969

Invalid names: Strenusaurus procerus Bonaparte 1969 [synonym]

Invalid names: Strenusaurus Bonaparte 1969 [synonym]

Unr. †Sauropodiformes Martinez et al. 2011

G. †Aardonyx Yates et al. 2010

†Aardonyx celestae Yates et al. 2010

G. †Blikanasaurus Galton and Van Heerden 1985

†Blikanasaurus cromptoni Galton and Van Heerden 1985

G. †Camelotia Galton 1985

†Camelotia borealis Galton 1985

G. †Gongxianosaurus He et al. 1998

†Gongxianosaurus shibeiensis He et al. 1998

G. †Irisosaurus Peyre de Fabrègues et al. 2020

†Irisosaurus yimenensis Peyre de Fabrègues et al. 2020

G. †Jingshanosaurus Zhang and Yang 1995

†Jingshanosaurus xinwaensis Zhang and Yang 1995

Invalid names: Chuxiongosaurus lufengensis Lü et al. 2010 [synonym]

Invalid names: Chuxiongosaurus Lü et al. 2010 [synonym]

G. †Ledumahadi McPhee et al. 2018

†Ledumahadi mafube McPhee et al. 2018

G. †Leonerasaurus Pol et al. 2011

†Leonerasaurus taquetrensis Pol et al. 2011

G. †Melanorosaurus Haughton 1924

†Melanorosaurus readi Haughton 1924

Invalid names: Roccosaurus Van Heerden 1978 [nomen nudum], Roccosaurus tetrasacralis van Heerden 1978 [nomen nudum]

G. †Meroktenos Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2016

†Meroktenos thabanensis Gauffre 1993

G. †Mussaurus Bonaparte and Vince 1979

†Mussaurus patagonicus Bonaparte and Vince 1979

Unr. †Sauropoda Marsh 1878 [sauropod]

Fm. †Atlantosauridae Marsh 1877 [atlantosaurid]

Invalid names: Apatosauridae Huene 1927 [synonym], Atlantosaurinae Steel 1970 [empty]

G. †Brontopodus Farlow et al. 1989

†Brontopodus birdi Farlow et al. 1989

†Brontopodus changlingensis Chen and Huang 1993

Invalid names: Chuxiongpus zheni Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]

†Brontopodus oncalensis Meijide Fuentes et al. 2004

†Brontopodus pentadactylus Kim and Lockley 2012

†Brontopodus plagnensis Mazin et al. 2017

Invalid names: Chuxiongpus Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]

G. †Calorckosauripus Meyer et al. 2018

†Calorckosauripus lazari Meyer et al. 2018

Superfm. †Camarasauroidea Dong 1998

Invalid names: Barapasauridae Halstead and Halstead 1981 [empty]

G. †Chinshakiangosaurus Yeh 1975

†Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis Yeh 1975

G. †Dachongosaurus Zhao 1985

†Dachongosaurus yunnanensis Zhao 1985

G. †Damalasaurus Zhao 1985

†Damalasaurus magnus Zhao 1985

G. †Eosauropoda Bonaparte 1986

Fm. †Faveoloolithidae Zhao and Ding 1976

G. †Duovallumoolithus Zheng et al. 2018

G. †Faveoloolithus Zhao and Ding 1976

G. †Hemifaveoloolithus Wang et al. 2011

G. †Paquiloolithus Simon 2002

G. †Parafaveoloolithus Zhang 2010

Invalid names: Sphaerovum Mones 1980 [nomen dubium]

Unr. †Gravisauria Allain and Aquesbi 2008

G. †Amygdalodon Cabrera 1947

G. †Barapasaurus Jain et al. 1975

G. †Cetiosaurus Owen 1841

Unr. †Eusauropoda Upchurch 1995

G. †Patagosaurus Bonaparte 1979

G. †Spinophorosaurus Remes et al. 2009

G. †Tazoudasaurus Allain et al. 2004

G. †Volkheimeria Bonaparte 1979

Invalid names: Vulcanodontidae Cooper 1984 [empty]

Superfm. †Homalosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961

Invalid names: Amphicoeliidae Cope 1877 [empty], Huabeisauridae Pang and Cheng 2000 [empty]

G. †Isanosaurus Buffetaut et al. 2000

†Isanosaurus attavipachi Buffetaut et al. 2000

G. †Kotasaurus Yadagiri 1988

†Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis Yadagiri 1988

G. †Lamplughsaura Kutty et al. 2007

†Lamplughsaura dharmaramensis Kutty et al. 2007

Unr. †Lessemsauridae Apaldetti et al. 2018

G. †Antetonitrus Yates and Kitching 2003

G. †Ingentia Apaldetti et al. 2018

G. †Lessemsaurus Bonaparte 1999

G. †Megalobrontes Britt 1996

G. †Microdontosaurus Zhao 1983

†Microdontosaurus dayensis Zhao 1985

G. †Microsaurops Kuhn 1964

Invalid names: Microsaurus Hatcher 1900 [replaced]

G. †Ohmdenosaurus Wild 1978

†Ohmdenosaurus liasicus Wild 1978

G. †Oplosaurus Gervais 1852

†Oplosaurus armatus Gervais 1859

G. †Oshanosaurus Zhao 1985

†Oshanosaurus youngi Zhao 1985

Fm. †Parabrontopodidae Apesteguía 2005

G. †Breviparopus Dutuit and Ouazzou 1980

G. †Parabrontopodus Lockley et al. 1995

Invalid names: Elephantopoides Kaever and Lapparent 1974 [synonym]

G. †Polyonyx Santos et al. 2009

†Polyonyx gomesi Santos et al. 2009

G. †Pulanesaura McPhee et al. 2015

†Pulanesaura eocollum McPhee et al. 2015

G. †Ravatichnus Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988

†Ravatichnus kotshnevi Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988

G. †Sanpasaurus Young 1944

†Sanpasaurus yaoi Young 1944

G. †Tapinosaurus Rabeck 1925

G. †Vulcanodon Raath 1972

†Vulcanodon karibaensis Raath 1972

Invalid names: Acanthopholis platypus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Aepisaurus Gervais 1852 [nomen dubium], Agustiniidae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Allophagi Jaekel 1914 [synonym], Asiatosaurus Osborn 1924 [nomen dubium], Astrodon johnstoni Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Atlantosaurus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Barosaurus affinis Marsh 1899 [nomen dubium], Blikanasauridae Galton and Van Heerden 1985 [empty], Bothriospondylidae Lydekker 1895 [empty], Bothriospondylus elongatus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothrosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Bothrosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961 [empty], Brachiosaurus nougaredi Lapparent 1960 [nomen dubium], Brontopodidae Apesteguía 2005 [empty], Brontosauridae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Bruhathkayosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1987 [nomen dubium], Campylodoniscus Kuhn 1961 [nomen dubium], Cetiosauria Seeley 1874 [synonym], Cetiosaurus epioolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus hypoolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus longus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Cetiosaurus medius Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chiayusaurus Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Chondrosteosaurus Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Chubutisauridae del Corro 1975 [empty], Clasmodosaurus Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Clasmodosaurus spatula Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Gigantosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Hamanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Haplocanthosauridae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Herrerasauridae Van Heerden 1978 [empty], Homalosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Iguanodon praecursor Sauvage 1876 [nomen dubium], Koreanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Kunmingosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium], Lancanjiangosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen nudum], Mamenchisauroidea Dong 1998 [empty], Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis Hou et al. 1976 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus guangyuanensis Zhang 1981 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus yunnanensis Fang et al. 2004 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus priscus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morosauridae Marsh 1882 [empty], Neosodon de la Moussaye 1884 [nomen dubium], Nurosaurus Dong 1992 [nomen nudum], Opisthocoelia Owen 1859 [synonym], Ornithopsidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pleurocoelus altus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus nanus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus valdensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Qinlingosaurus Xie et al. 1996 [nomen dubium], Rotundichnus Hendricks 1981 [nomen dubium], Tendaguriidae Bonaparte et al. 2000 [empty], Titanosaurus lydekkeri Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus montanus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Ultrasaurus Kim 1981 [nomen dubium], Zizhongosaurus Dong et al. 1983 [nomen dubium]

G. †Schleitheimia Rauhut et al. 2020

†Schleitheimia schutzi Rauhut et al. 2020

G. †Sefapanosaurus Otero et al. 2015

†Sefapanosaurus zastronensis Otero et al. 2015

G. †Seitaad Sertich and Loewen 2010

†Seitaad ruessi Sertich and Loewen 2010

G. †Xingxiulong Wang et al. 2017

†Xingxiulong chengi Wang et al. 2017

G. †Yizhousaurus Zhang et al. 2018

†Yizhousaurus sunae Zhang et al. 2018

G. †Yunnanosaurus Young 1940

†Yunnanosaurus huangi Young 1940

†Yunnanosaurus robustus Young 1951

†Yunnanosaurus youngi Lü et al. 2007

G. †Tuebingosaurus Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022

†Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022

G. †Mbiresaurus Griffin et al. 2022

†Mbiresaurus raathi Griffin et al. 2022

G. †Nambalia Novas et al. 2011

†Nambalia roychowdhurii Novas et al. 2011

G. †Navahopus Baird 1980

†Navahopus coyoteensis Milàn et al. 2008

†Navahopus falcipollex Baird 1980

G. †Pantydraco Galton et al. 2007

†Pantydraco caducus Yates 2003

Fm. †Plateosauridae Marsh 1895 [plateosaurid]

G. †Coloradia Bonaparte 1978

G. †Issi Beccari et al. 2021

†Issi saaneq Beccari et al. 2021

G. †Plateosauravus Huene 1932

†Plateosauravus cullingworthi Haughton 1924

G. †Plateosaurus Meyer 1837

†Plateosaurus elizae Sauvage 1907

†Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer 1837

†Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis Huene 1905

Invalid names: Plateosaurus longiceps Jaekel 1913 [synonym]

†Plateosaurus gracilis Huene 1905

Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus hermannianus Huene 1905 [synonym]

†Plateosaurus ingens Rütimeyer 1856

†Plateosaurus trossingensis Fraas 1913

Invalid names: Plateosaurus quenstedti Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Plateosaurus reinigeri Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Platysaurus Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Sellosaurus Huene 1905 [synonym]

G. †Ruehleia Galton 2001

†Ruehleia bedheimensis Galton 2001

G. †Unaysaurus Leal et al. 2004

†Unaysaurus tolentinoi Leal et al. 2004

G. †Xixiposaurus Sekiya 2010

†Xixiposaurus suni Sekiya 2010

Invalid names: Ammosauridae Huene 1914 [synonym], Sellosauridae Huene 1908 [synonym]

Subfm. †Saturnaliidae Ezcurra 2010

G. †Chromogisaurus Ezcurra 2010

†Chromogisaurus novasi Ezcurra 2010

G. †Pampadromaeus Cabreira et al. 2011

†Pampadromaeus barberenai Cabreira et al. 2011

G. †Panphagia Martínez and Alcober 2009

†Panphagia protos Martínez and Alcober 2009

G. †Saturnalia Langer et al. 1999

†Saturnalia tupiniquim Langer et al. 1999

Fm. †Thecodontosauridae Lydekker 1890

G. †Pseudotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus dieterleni Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus humilis Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus maserui Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus minusculus Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus molekoi Ellenberger 1970

†Pseudotrisauropus subengensis Ellenberger 1970

G. †Trichristolopus Ellenberger 1970

†Trichristolopus dubius Ellenberger 1970

G. †Thecodontosaurus Riley and Stutchbury 1836

†Thecodontosaurus antiquus Morris 1843

†Thecodontosaurus minimus Ellenberger 1970

Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus latespinatus Huene 1905 [nomen vanum], Thecodontosaurus subcylindrodon Huene 1905 [nomen vanum]

Unr. †Unaysauridae Müller et al. 2018

G. †Jaklapallisaurus Novas et al. 2011

†Jaklapallisaurus asymmetrica Novas et al. 2011

G. †Macrocollum Müller et al. 2018

†Macrocollum itaquii Müller et al. 2018

Invalid names: Brontosauria Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Euskelosaurus Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Euskelosaurus brownii Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Melanorosauria Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Navahopodidae Olsen and Galton 1984 [empty], Pachysuchus Young 1951 [nomen dubium], Pentasauropodia Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Thotobolosaurus Ellenberger 1970 [nomen nudum]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
S. J. Nesbitt 2011	The most inclusive clade containing Saltasaurus loricatus Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, but not Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758, or Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

100000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

3 kgg

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 15:16:03

Modified:

2017-04-17 15:16:03

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Anisian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 247.20000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (2995 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany	Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137641)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Argentina (Mendoza)	Tetrasauropus sp. (59670)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	South Africa (Free State)	Rotodactylopus archaeus (206547)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (187582)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	Lesotho (Mokhotlong)	Trichristolopus dubius (206537)
Ladinian	242.0 - 237.0	France (Grand Est)	Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137680)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Lesotho (Maseru)	Pseudotrisauropus maserui (206556)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Argentina (San Juan)	Chromogisaurus novasi (131436) Eoraptor lunensis (24877) Panphagia protos (87090)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek)	Pseudotetrasauropus mekalingensis (206555) Pseudotrisauropus minusculus, Pseudotrisauropus humilis, Pseudotetrasauropus curtus (206548)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Zimbabwe (Mashonaland West)	Massospondylus sp. (220586) Sauropodomorpha indet. (220589 220710 220712)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Brazil (São Paulo)	Titanosauridae indet. (32323) Titanosauridae indet., Aeolosaurus sp. (83263)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Pakistan (Balochistan)	Balochisauridae indet. (220150 220166) Balochisaurus malkani (220140 220142 220153 220158) Eusauropoda indet., Titanosauria indet., Gspsaurus pakistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Marisaurus jeffi (79429) Gspsaurus pakistani, Balochisaurus malkani (220163) Gspsaurus pakistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Marisaurus jeffi, Titanosauria indet. (79668) Pakisauridae indet. (220165) Pakisauridae indet., Balochisauridae indet. (220161 220162) Pakisaurus balochistani (220149 220151 220157 220160) Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi (220154) Pashtosaurus zhobi (220173) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Balochisaurus malkani (220141 220156) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani (220155) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi (53153) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Sauropoda indet. (78055) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Titanosauria indet. (79427) Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus sp. (79670) Titanosauria indet. (220168) Titanosauria indet., Gspsaurus pakistani, Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Balochisaurus malkani, Marisaurus jeffi, Balochisaurus malkani (79428) Titanosauria indet., Gspsaurus pakistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus balochistani, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Marisaurus jeffi (79665) Titanosauria indet., Gspsaurus pakistani, Saraikimasoom vitakri, Sulaimanisaurus gingerichi, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani, Marisaurus jeffi (79664) Titanosauria indet., Saraikimasoom vitakri, Pakisaurus balochistani, Khetranisaurus barkhani, Balochisaurus malkani (79669) Titanosauridae indet., Maojandino alami, Marisaurus jeffi, Marisaurus sp. (79666)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (New Mexico)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (47815 47819 54103 97795 117451 121580 121581 138834 138836 171027 179272 194978) Sauropoda indet. (46992 56045) Titanosauridae indet. (56013 59068)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Brazil (Minas Gerais)	Aeolosaurus sp. (81105) Lithostrotia indet., Caieiria allocaudata, Titanosaurus sp., Titanosauridae indet. (51628) Sauropoda indet. (83250 83300 83301) Sauropoda indet., Lithostrotia indet., Titanosauridae indet. (32346) Titanosauria indet. (34410 224283) Titanosauridae indet. (51662 51663 51959 83539 219556) Titanosauridae indet., Megaloolithidae indet. (219726)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur)	Megaloolithus mammilare (61624) Megaloolithus sp., Megaloolithus mammilare (178881) Megaloolithus sp., Megaloolithus mammilare, Megaloolithus petralta (65382)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Romania (Cluj)	Sauropoda indet. (93730)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Morocco (Fes-Boulmane)	Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi, Megaloolithus maghrebiensis (206442)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Argentina (Salta)	Sauropoda indet. (45096)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Spain (Cataluña)	Megaloolithus mamillare (61380 183093 226202) Megaloolithus mamillare, Titanosauridae indet., Hypselosaurus sp. (36381) Megaloolithus petralta, Megaloolithus aureliensis (36725) Megaloolithus sp. (167946 171123) Sauropoda indet. (169298 183090 183153 183154 219287) Sauropoda indet., Megaloolithus mamillare (169875) Sauropoda indet., Titanosauria indet. (224901) Titanosauria indet. (148950 169322 169450 219381) Titanosauridae indet., Megaloolithus mammilare (38893)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Utah)	Alamosaurus sanjuanensis (45721 45722) Sauropoda indet. (45718 52925)