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Elasmobranchii (elasmobranch)

Chondrichthyes

Taxonomy
Elasmobranchii was named by Bonaparte (1838). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Duffin (2001), Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Elasmobranchii by Gadow (1898), Bryant (1932), Säve-Söderbergh (1934), Ebersole et al. (2019); it was reranked as the class Elasmobranchii by Hay (1902), Jordan (1963); it was reranked as the infraclass Elasmobranchii by Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

It was assigned to Pisces by Gadow (1898); to Vertebrata by Hay (1902); to Pisces by Eastman (1904), Andrews (1906), Bryant (1932); to Gnathostomata by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Vertebrata by Jordan (1963); to Euselachii by Ebersole et al. (2019); to Chondrichthyes by Fedorowski (1912), Daly (1973), Case (1979), Zangerl (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Thies (1983), Duffin and Ward (1983), Squires (1984), Williams (1985), Schultze (1985), Lund (1985), Kumar and Loyal (1987), Cappetta (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Murry (1989), Kindlimann (1990), Long (1992), Cappetta (1992), Duffin (1993), Long et al. (1993), Dica et al. (1996), Johns (1997), Duffin (1998), Min (1998), Williams (1998), Heidtke (1998), Ivanov (1999), Duffin (2001), Marss and Gagnier (2001), Williams (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Delsate (2003), Duncan (2003), Yamagishi (2004), Duncan (2004), Everhart (2004), Kriwet (2005), Chandler et al. (2006), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Carnevale (2007), Everhart (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Marsili et al. (2007), Chrzastek (2008), Pereira and Medeiros (2008), Adnet et al. (2008), Kriwet (2008), Hairapetian et al. (2008), Kriwet et al. (2009), Ehret et al. (2009), Ginter et al. (2010), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Bogan and Gallina (2011), Cook et al. (2011), Long (2011), Ehret et al. (2012), Soto et al. (2012), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Bogan et al. (2016), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Skinner et al. (2020), dos Santos et al. (2024), Shimada et al. (2024); and to Euselachii by van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Subtaxa
Agaleidae, Amelacanthus, Annulicorona, Aporomicrodus (syn. Microdus), Arduodens, Batomorphi, Carcharopsis, Carinasubcorona, Celtiberina, Cestraciontidae, Changxingselache, Cladodontomorphi, Cladodontomorphii, Cladodus hassiacus, Cladodus wildungensis, Cladoselachida, Cladoselachii, Complanicorona, Coniunctio, Coronodontida, Eunemacanthus, Euselachiformes, Euselachii, Eychlaodus, Fragilicorona, Galeiformes, Galeomorphi (syn. Selachimorpha), Glabrisubcorona, Gondwanodus, Ichthyodorulites, Labascicorona, Labrilancea, Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens, Leonodus, Lesnilomia, Lobaticorona, Lugalepididae, Mcmurdodontidae, Meishanselache, Minuticorona, Oniscina, Ornathiliabrilance, Ornatilabrilancea, Orodontida, Orthacodus, Ostenoselachidae, Osteodonti, Parvicorona, Parvidiabolus, Parviscapha, Physonemus (syn. Gnathacanthus, Xystracanthus, Drepanacanthus, Batacanthus), Plagiostomi, Platylithophycus, Pleuracanthidae, Pleuracanthodii, Pristiorajea, Proselachii, Raineria, Rosaodus, Rugosicorona, Sacrisubcorona, Selachii, Serratocorona, Siamodus, Sphenodus, Sphenodus plana, Squalomorphi, Suaviloquentia, Thrinacodontidae, Undulaticorona, Xenacanthida

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Elasmobranchii Bonaparte
1843Lamna longidens Agassiz figs. Pl 37, figs 24-29
1843Lamna plana Agassiz figs. Pl 37, figs 30-32
1843Lamna (Sphenodus) Agassiz p. 288
1843Sphenodus Agassiz p. 288
1843Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz p. 298
1843Lamna (Sphenodus) plana Agassiz p. 298
1874Sphenodus longidens Barrois p. 108
1874Sphenodus planus Barrois p. 108
1889Orthacodus Woodward p. 349
1889Orthacodus longidens Woodward p. 349
1898Elasmobranchii Gadow p. 5
1902Elasmobranchii Hay p. 262
1902Sphenodus Hay p. 302
1902Sphenodus longidens Hay p. 302
1904Elasmobranchii Eastman p. 71
1906Elasmobranchii Andrews p. 317
1912Elasmobranchii Fedorowski p. 55
1921Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel
1932Elasmobranchii Bryant p. 232
1934Elasmobranchii Säve-Söderbergh p. 17
1937Cladodus hassiacus Gross
1957Orthacodus Glikman p. 117
1963Elasmobranchii Jordan p. 590
1963Orthacodus Jordan p. 599
1963Sphenodus Jordan p. 599
1973Elasmobranchii Daly p. 564
1977Orthacodus Itoigawa p. 128
1977Orthacodus longidens Itoigawa p. 128
1979Elasmobranchii Case p. 79
1981Elasmobranchii Thurmond and Jones p. 36
1981Orthacodus Uyeno et al. p. 84 figs. pl.1, fg. J, N-O
1981Elasmobranchii Zangerl p. 50
1983Elasmobranchii Duffin and Ward p. 839
1983Elasmobranchii Thies p. 10
1984Elasmobranchii Squires p. 56
1985Elasmobranchii Lund p. 2
1985Elasmobranchii Schultze p. 6 figs. 2-3
1985Elasmobranchii Williams p. 88
1987Elasmobranchii Cappetta p. 27
1987Sphenodus Grande and Chatterjee
1987Elasmobranchii Kumar and Loyal p. 62
1988Elasmobranchii Case and Schwimmer p. 291
1989Elasmobranchii Murry p. 250
1990Elasmobranchii Kindlimann p. 834
1992Elasmobranchii Cappetta p. 640
1992Elasmobranchii Long p. 14
1993Elasmobranchii Duffin p. 7
1993Sphenodus Duffin and Ward p. 56
1993Sphenodus longidens Duffin and Ward p. 58
1993Elasmobranchii Long et al. p. 655
1996Elasmobranchii Dica et al. p. 118
1997Elasmobranchii Johns p. 29
1998Elasmobranchii Duffin p. 160
1998Elasmobranchii Heidtke p. 137
1998Elasmobranchii Min p. 161
1998Elasmobranchii Williams p. 251
1999Elasmobranchii Ivanov p. 271
2000Sphenodus Rees p. 415
2000Sphenodus longidens Rees p. 415
2001Elasmobranchii Duffin
2001Elasmobranchii Marss and Gagnier
2001Elasmobranchii Peng et al. p. 5
2001Elasmobranchii Williams p. 215
2002Sphenodus Sepkoski
2003Elasmobranchii Delsate p. 4
2003Elasmobranchii Duncan p. 114
2004Elasmobranchii Duncan p. 419
2004Elasmobranchii Everhart
2004Elasmobranchii Yamagishi p. 566
2005Elasmobranchii Kriwet
2006Elasmobranchii Chandler et al. p. 2
2007Elasmobranchii Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2007Elasmobranchii Carnevale p. 6
2007Elasmobranchii Everhart p. 226
2007Elasmobranchii Kriwet et al.
2007Elasmobranchii Marsili et al. p. 30
2008Elasmobranchii Adnet et al. p. 713
2008Elasmobranchii Chrzastek p. 228
2008Elasmobranchii Hairapetian et al. p. 174
2008Elasmobranchii Kriwet p. 236
2008Elasmobranchii Pereira and Medeiros p. 209
2009Elasmobranchii Ehret et al. p. 3
2009Elasmobranchii Kriwet et al. p. 320
2010Elasmobranchii Bogan and Agnolin
2010Elasmobranchii Ginter et al. p. 27
2010Sphenodus longidens Rees p. 890 fig. 2
2011Elasmobranchii Bogan and Gallina
2011Elasmobranchii Cook et al.
2011Elasmobranchii Long p. 242
2012Elasmobranchii Ehret et al. p. 1145
2012Elasmobranchii Soto et al.
2013Elasmobranchii Pinheiro et al.
2014Sphenodus Guinot et al. p. 61
2015Sphenodus longidens Delsate and Felten p. 16 fig. 5F
2016Elasmobranchii Bogan et al.
2016Elasmobranchii Nelson et al. p. 56
2017Elasmobranchii Engelbrecht et al. p. 2
2019Elasmobranchii Ebersole et al. p. 15
2019Sphenodus Stumpf and Kriwet p. 644
2019Elasmobranchii van der Laan p. 39
2020Elasmobranchii Skinner et al.
2024Elasmobranchii Ebersole et al. p. 4
2024Elasmobranchii Shimada et al.
2024Elasmobranchii dos Santos et al. p. 4
2025Elasmobranchii Cicimurri et al. p. 8

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
RankNameAuthor
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)
infraclassElasmobranchii(Bonaparte 1838)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Infracl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]
show all | hide all
Fm. †Agaleidae Rees 2000
+
G. †Agaleus Duffin and Ward 1983
+
†Agaleus dorsetensis Duffin and Ward 1983
G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982
+
†Amelacanthus laevis Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus plicatus Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Annulicorona pyramidalis Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Aporomicrodus Fowler 1958
+
Invalid names: Microdus Emmons 1857 [replaced]
G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
Unr. Batomorphi Cappetta 1980
+
Fm. †Archaeobatidae Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
G. †Cristabatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Cristabatis crescentiformis Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Cristabatis exundans Delsate and Candoni 2001
G. †Doliobatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Doliobatis weisi Delsate and Candoni 2001
G. †Toarcibatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Toarcibatis alticarinata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis brevicristata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis elongata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis multicristata Delsate and Candoni 2001
Fm. †Belemnobatidae Suteethorn et al. 2013
+
G. †Belemnobatis Thiollière 1854
+
†Belemnobatis kermacki Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis noviodunumensis Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Belemnobatis picteti Cappetta 1975
†Belemnobatis sismondae Thiollière 1854
†Belemnobatis stahli Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis variabilis Underwood and Rees 2002
G. †Enantiobatis Cappetta and Case 1999
+
†Enantiobatis tarrantensis Cappetta and Case 1999
Or. Myliobatiformes Compagno 1973 [stingray]
+
G. †Acanthobatis Larrazet 1866
G. †Bates Probst 1877
Superfm. Dasyatoidea Whitley 1940
+
G. †Arechia Cappetta 1983
+
†Arechia arambourgi Cappetta 1983
†Arechia crassicaudata de Blainville 1818
G. †Coupatezia Cappetta 1982
+
†Coupatezia ambroggii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia attiai Cook 2010
†Coupatezia boujoi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia chariri Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia cristata Adnet et al. 2020
†Coupatezia danica Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia elevata Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia fallax Arambourg 1952
†Coupatezia laevis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia larivei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia melittiana Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia reniformis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Coupatezia trempina Kriwet et al. 2007
†Coupatezia turneri Case and Cappetta 1997
Coupatezia woutersi Cappetta 1982
G. †Dasyrhombodus Noubhani and Cappetta 1994
+
†Dasyrhombodus bondoni Arambourg 1952
G. †Delpitia Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
+
†Delpitia reticulata Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Heterobatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
+
†Heterobatis talbaouii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Heterotorpedo Ward 1983
+
†Heterotorpedo brahimi Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Heterotorpedo fowleri Ward 1983
†Heterotorpedo lyazidii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Ishaquia Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
+
†Ishaquia globidens Arambourg 1952
G. †Lessiniabatis Marramà et al. 2019
+
†Lessiniabatis aenigmatica Marramà et al. 2019
G. †Merabatis Cappetta 1983
+
†Merabatis praealba Arambourg 1952
G. †Myliodasyatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
+
†Myliodasyatis meskalaensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Prosopodon Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
+
†Prosopodon assafai Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Saltirius Cook et al. 2014
+
†Saltirius utahensis Cook et al. 2014
G. †Eomanta
G. †Hypolophodon Cappetta 1980
+
†Hypolophodon patagoniensis Cione et al. 2013
Superfm. †Myliobatoidea
+
G. †Ixobatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
+
†Ixobatis mucronata Arambourg 1952
G. †Promyliobatis Jaekel 1894
+
†Promyliobatis gazolai de Zigno 1885
Subor. Myliobatoidei Compagno 1973
+
G. †Aturobatis Adnet 2006
+
†Aturobatis aquensis Adnet 2006
Fm. Dasyatidae Jordan 1888 [whiptail stingray]
+
G. †Amphotistius Garman 1913
G. Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810
+
Invalid names: Alexandrinum Molin 1860 [synonym], Heliobatis [synonym], Trygon Cuvier 1817 [synonym]
G. †Disceus Garman 1877
G. †Discobatis Miklukho-Maclay and Macleay 1886
G. †Discotrygon Fowler 1910
G. †Ellipesurus Schomburgk 1842
G. †Glikmania Case et al. 1996
G. †Hemiptychodus Jaekel 1894
G. †Hemitrygon Müller and Henle 1837
G. †Hypolophus Muller and Henle 1837
G. †Neotrygon Castelnau 1873
Subfm. †Neotrygoninae Last 2016
G. †Palaeodasyatis Halter 1989
G. †Paratrygon Dumeríl 1865
G. †Pastinaca Dekay 1842
G. †Pastinachus Rüppell 1828
G. †Pteroplatytrygon Fowler 1910
G. †Rhachinotus Cantor 1849
G. †Sporetodus Cope 1874
G. †Taeniura Miller and Henle 1837
G. †Taeniurops Garman 1913
G. †Tethytrygon Marramà et al. 2018
G. †Urogymnus
G. †Uroxis Rafinesque 1810
G. †Viperecucullus Case 1996
Invalid names: Agabelus Cope 1875 [nomen dubium], Dasyatinae Jordan and Gilbert 1879 [empty], Dasyatis dezignoi Molin 1861 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Gymnuridae Fowler 1934
+
G. Gymnura Van Hasselt 1823
+
Invalid names: Aetoplatea Vallencienes 1841 [synonym], Pteroplatea Muller and Henle 1837 [synonym]
G. †Jacquhermania Cappetta 1982
G. †Ouledia Cappetta 1986
G. †Pachygymnura Adnet et al. 2020
G. †Subathunura Kumar and Loyal 1987
Subfm. †Urogymninae Last 2016
Fm. Mobulidae Gill 1893
+
G. †Amamriabatis Adnet et al. 2020
G. †Archaeomanta Herman 1979
G. †Brachioptilon Newman 1849
G. †Burnhamia Cappetta 1976
G. †Eomobula Herman et al. 1988
G. †Eoplinthicus Cappetta and Stringer 2002
G. Mobula Rafinesque 1810 [devil ray]
+
Invalid names: Apterurus Rafinesque 1810 [synonym], Cephalopterus Riso 1810 [synonym], Ceratobatis Boulenger 1897 [synonym], Ceratoptera [synonym], Dicerobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym], Manta Bancroft 1829 [synonym], Pterocephalus Swainson 1838 [synonym]
G. †Paramobula Pfeil 1981
G. †Plinthicus Cope 1869
Fm. Myliobatidae Bonaparte 1838 [eagle ray]
+
G. Aetobatus Blainville 1816
+
Invalid names: Aetobates Richardson 1846 [synonym], Goniobatis Agassiz 1858 [synonym], Stoasodon Cantor 1850 [synonym]
G. Aetomylaeus Garman 1908
G. †Aktaua Case et al. 1996
G. †Amtaaguar De Pasqua et al. 2025
G. †Apocopodon Cope 1885
G. †Brachyrhizodus Romer 1942
+
Invalid names: Brachyrhizodus Romer 1942 [objective synonym]
G. †Garabatis Tabuce et al. 2005
G. †Hypolophites Stromer 1910
G. †Igdabatis Cappetta 1972
G. †Leidybatis Cappetta 1986
G. †Lophobatis Cappetta 1986
G. †Meridiania Case 1994
G. †Mesobatis Leidy 1877
G. Myliobatis Cuvier 1816
+
Invalid names: Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym]
G. Myliobatis Cuvier 1816
+
Invalid names: Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Holorhinus Gill 1862 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym], Palaeomyliobatis Silva et al. 1960 [synonym]
G. †Pseudaetobatus Cappetta 1986
G. Pteromylaeus Garman 1913 [bull ray]
G. †Rhizochlatrus Silva et al. 1960
Invalid names: Aetobatinae [empty], Myliobatina [empty], Myliobatinae [empty]
+
G. Plesiobatis Nishida 1990
Fm. Potamotrygonidae Garman 1877
+
G. Potamotrygon Garman 1877
Fm. Rhinopteridae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [cow-nosed ray]
+
G. †Eorhinoptera Case et al. 2011
G. Rhinoptera Cuvier 1829 [cownose ray]
+
Invalid names: Micromesus Gill 1865 [synonym], Mylorhina Gill 1865 [synonym], Trikeras Harless 1850 [synonym], Trycera Doderlein 1884 [synonym], Zygobatis Agassiz 1838 [synonym]
G. †Zygzabatis Mendiola 1995
Fm. †Rhombodontidae Cappetta 1987
+
G. †Pucabatis Cappetta 1975
G. †Rhombodus Dames 1881
Fm. Urolophidae Gray 1851 [round ray]
+
+
Invalid names: Leiobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym], Trygonoptera Muller and Henle 1838 [synonym]
Invalid names: Urolophus crassicaudatus de Blainville 1818 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Urotrygonidae McEachran et al. 1996
+
G. Urotrygon Gill 1863
Fm. †Zanobatidae Fowler 1934
+
G. †Plesiozanobatus Marramà et al. 2020
G. Zanobatus Garman 1913
Invalid names: Aetobatidae Agassiz 1861 [empty], Hexatrygonidae [empty]
G. †Phosphatodon Guinot et al. 2023
+
Fm. Platyrhinidae Jordan 1923
+
G. †Analithis Gistel 1848
G. †Britobatos Claeson et al. 2013
G. †Cretaplatyrhinoidis Guinot et al. 2012
G. †Discobatus Garman 1880
G. †Eoplatyrhina Marramà et al. 2020
G. Platyrhina Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Platyrhinoidis Garman 1880
G. †Pseudoplatyrhina Guinot et al. 2012
G. †Tethybatis de Carvalho 2004
G. †Tingitanius Claeson et al. 2013
G. †Ptychacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Ptychacanthus faujasii Agassiz 1837
†Ptychacanthus sublaevis Agassiz 1836
G. †Texabatis Case and Cappetta 1997
+
†Texabatis corrugata Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ceratopteridae Whitley 1936 [empty], Mobuloidea [empty]
Or. Rajiformes Berg 1940 [ray]
+
Fm. Anacanthobatidae von Bonde and Swart 1923
+
G. Anacanthobatis von Bonde and Swart 1923
G. †Antiquaobatis Stumpf and Kriwet 2019
+
†Antiquaobatis grimmenensis Stumpf and Kriwet 2019
G. †Archingeayia Vullo et al. 2007
+
†Archingeayia sistaci Vullo et al. 2007
Fm. Arhynchobatidae Fowler 1934
+
G. †Arhynchobatis Waite 1909
G. Psammobatis Günther 1870
G. Sympterygia Müller and Henle 1837
Fm. Crurirajidae Hulley 1972
+
G. Cruriraja Bigelow and Schroeder 1948
Fm. †Cyclobatidae Cappetta 1980
+
G. †Cyclobatis Egerton 1844
+
†Cyclobatis longicaudatus Woodward 1942
†Cyclobatis major Davis 1887
†Cyclobatis oligodactylus Egerton 1844
†Cyclobatis tuberculatus Cappetta 1980
G. †Duwibatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Duwibatis problematica Cappetta 1991
G. †Dynatobatis Larrazet 1886
+
†Dynatobatis paranensis Larrazet 1886
G. †Engolismaia Vullo et al. 2007
+
†Engolismaia couillardi Vullo et al. 2007
G. †Erguitaia Cappetta 1989
+
†Erguitaia arganiae Arambourg 1952
†Erguitaia misrensis Cappetta 1991
G. †Erythrobatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Erythrobatis cuspidata Cappetta 1991
Fm. Gurgesiellidae de Buen 1959
+
G. Gurgesiella de Buen 1959
G. †Hamrabatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Hamrabatis bernardezi Vullo et al. 2007
†Hamrabatis ornata Cappetta 1991
†Hamrabatis weltoni Case and Cappetta 1997
+
G. †Angolabatis Antunes and Cappetta 2006
+
†Angolabatis benguelaensis Antunes and Cappetta 2002
Invalid names: Angolaia Antunes and Cappetta 2002 [replaced]
G. †Kiestus Cappetta and Case 1999
G. †Oncobatis Leidy 1873
+
G. †Ostarriraja Marrama et al. 2018
+
†Ostarriraja parva Marrama et al. 2018
+
G. †Parapalaeobates Weiler 1930
+
†Parapalaeobates atlanticus Arambourg 1952
G. †Phosphatobatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Phosphatobatis aegyptiaca Cappetta 1991
Fm. Rajidae Blainville 1816 [skate]
+
G. †Actinobatis Agassiz 1843
+
†Actinobatis davisi Fowler 1958
+
Invalid names: Raja minor Davis 1887 [replaced]
†Raja (Actinobatis) ornata Agassiz 1843
G. †Amblyraja Malm 1877
G. †Batis Bonaparte 1837
G. Beringraja Ishihara et al. 2012
+
G. †Cephaleutherus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Dactylobatus Bean and Weed 1909
G. †Dasybatus Bonaparte 1837
G. †Dipturus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Hieroptera Fleming 1841
G. †Laeviraja Bonaparte 1837
G. †Leucoraja Malm 1877
G. †Malacorhina Garman 1877
G. †Nebriimimus Collareta et al. 2021
+
†Nebriimimus wardi Collareta et al. 2021
G. †Pararaja Cappetta 1980
+
†Pararaja expansa Davis 1887
G. †Platopterus Rafinesque 1815
G. †Propterygia Otto 1824
G. Raja Linnaeus 1758
+
†Raja antiqua Agassiz 1843
†Raja batis Linnaeus 1758
†Raja casieri Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja ceciliae Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja clavata Linnaeus 1767
†Raja davisi Fowler 1958
†Raja farishi Case and Cappetta 1997
†Raja gentili Joleaud 1912
†Raja harrisae Ward 1984
†Raja heinzelini Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja louisi Cappetta 1972
†Raja marandati Adnet 2006
†Raja mccollumi Cicimurri and Knight 2009
†Raja michauxi Adnet 2006
†Raja olisiponensis Jonet 1968
†Raja praeclavata Jonet 1968
†Raja primarmata Woodward 1889
†Raja similis Woodward 1889
†Raja sudhakari Prasad and Cappetta 1993
†Raja terhagenensis Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja texana Leriche 1942
G. Rostroraja Hulley 1972
G. †Uraptera Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Walteraja Siverson and Cappetta 2001
+
†Walteraja exigua Siverson and Cappetta 2001
Invalid names: Rajinae de Blainville 1816 [empty]
Subor. †Rajoidei Garman 1913
+
G. †Mafdetia Werner 1989
+
†Mafdetia tibniensis Werner 1989
G. Rhina [bowmouth guitarfish]
+
Rhina ancylostoma Bloch and Schneider 1801 [bowmouth guitarfish]
Subor. Rhinobatoidei Fowler 1941 [guitarfish]
+
G. †Ataktobatis Cappetta and Corral 1999
+
†Ataktobatis variabilis Cappetta and Corral 1999
G. †Protoplatyrhina Case 1978
+
†Protoplatyrhina hopii Williamson et al. 1993
†Protoplatyrhina renae Case 1978
G. †Pseudohypolophus Cappetta and Case 1975
+
†Pseudohypolophus ellipsis Case et al. 2001
†Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi Thurmond 1971
G. †Pseudomyledaphus Kirkland et al. 2013
+
†Pseudomyledaphus madseni Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Turoniabatis Landemaine 1991
+
†Turoniabatis cappettai Landemaine 1991
†Turoniabatis ornatus Müller and Diedrich 1991
Invalid names: Germanobatos Müller and Diedrich 1991 [synonym]
G. †Vascobatis Cappetta and Corral 1999
+
†Vascobatis albaitensis Cappetta and Corral 1999
Invalid names: Asterodermus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium], Asterodermus platypterus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium]
G. †Safagaia Cappetta 1991
+
†Safagaia ptychodon Cappetta 1991
G. †Sechmetia Werner 1989
+
†Sechmetia aegyptiaca Stromer 1927
G. †Squatirhina Casier 1947
+
†Squatirhina draytoni Guinot et al. 2012
†Squatirhina kannensis Herman 1977
†Squatirhina lonzeensis Casier 1947
†Squatirhina thiesi Biddle 1993
†Squatirhina westfalica Müller and Diedrich 1991
G. †Tanoutia Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
+
†Tanoutia iminensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Tomewingia Case and Cappetta 2013
+
†Tomewingia problematica Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ewingia Case and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
G. †Urobatis
+
Urobatis halleri Cooper 1863
Invalid names: Hypolophidae Leriche 1902 [empty], Pristoidei [empty], Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta 1980 [empty], Torpedinoidea Jonet 1968 [empty]
Or. †Rhinopristiformes Last et al. 2016
+
G. †Atlantobatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Glaucostegidae Last et al. 2016
+
G. †Glaucostegus Bonaparte 1845
G. †Microbatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Pristidae Bonaparte 1838 [sawfish]
+
G. Anoxypristis White and Moy-Thomas 1941
+
†Anoxypristis cuspidatus Latham 1794
G. †Oxypristis Signoret 1861
+
†Oxypristis ferinus Bohm 1926
G. †Peyeria Weiler 1935
+
†Peyeria libyca Weiler 1935
G. †Platyspondylus Haug 1905
+
G. Pristis Linck 1790
+
†Pristis acutidens Agassiz 1843
†Pristis aethiopicus Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Pristis agassizi Gibbes 1847
†Pristis amblodon Cope 1869
Pristis antiquorum Latham 1794
†Pristis aquitanicus Delfortrie 1871
†Pristis atlanticus Zbyszewski 1947
†Pristis attenuatus Cope 1869
†Pristis bassani de Zigno 1881
†Pristis brachyodon Cope 1869
†Pristis brayi Casier 1949
†Pristis caheni Dartevelle and Casier 1959
†Pristis contortus Dixon 1850
†Pristis cudmorei Chapman 1917
†Pristis curvidens Leidy 1855
†Pristis dubius Münster 1846
†Pristis ensidens Leidy 1855
†Pristis fajumensis Stromer 1905
†Pristis hamatus White 1926
†Pristis hastingsiae Agassiz 1843
†Pristis lanceolatus Jonet 1968
†Pristis lathami Galeotti 1837
+
Invalid names: Pristis bisulcatus Agassiz 1836 [synonym], Pristis parisiensis Gervais 1852 [synonym]
†Pristis malembeensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Pristis mucrodens White 1926
†Pristis olbrechtsi Dartevelle and Casier 1959
†Pristis pectinatus Latham 1794
†Pristis pickeringi Case 1981
†Pristis pristis Linnaeus 1758
†Pristis prosulcatus Stromer 1905
†Pristis recurvidens Chapman and Cudmore 1924
Invalid names: Eopristis Stromer 1905 [synonym], Myriosteon Gray 1864 [synonym], Pristibatis Blainville 1825 [synonym], Pristibatys Blainville 1818 [synonym], Pristiopsis Fowler 1905 [synonym], Pristobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym]
+
†Propristis mayumbensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
+
Invalid names: Amblypristis cheops Dames 1888 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblypristis Dames 1888 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pristinae [empty]
Fm. †Rhinidae
+
G. †Rhamphobatis Gill 1861
Fm. Rhinobatidae Müller and Henle 1837
+
G. †Aellopos Muenster 1836
+
†Aellopos wagneri Agassiz 1843
G. †Arthrobatis Whitley 1940
+
†Arthrobatis rileyi Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Arthropterus Agassiz 1843 [replaced]
G. †Cyclarthrus Agassiz 1836
+
†Cyclarthrus macropterus Agassiz 1836
G. †Demiurga Gistel 1848
G. †Eorhinobatos Marramà et al. 2020
+
†Eorhinobatos primaevus de Zigno 1874
G. †Euryarthra Agassiz 1843
+
†Euryarthra muensteri Agassiz 1843
†Euryarthra munsterii Agassiz 1843
G. †Isidobatus Werner 1989
+
†Isidobatus tricarinatus Werner 1989
G. †Myledaphus Cope 1876
+
†Myledaphus bipartitus Cope 1876
†Myledaphus pustulosus Cook et al. 2014
G. Paratrygonorrhina Kriwet et al. 2007
+
†Paratrygonorrhina amblysoda Kriwet et al. 2007
G. †Platypterix Kriwet et al. 2009
+
†Platypterix venustulus Kriwet et al. 2009
G. †Pseudobatos Last et al. 2016
+
†Pseudobatos matzensis Baut and Genault 1995
G. †Pseudorhinobatos Marramà et al. 2020
+
G. Rhinobatos Link 1790
+
†Rhinobatos beurleni Silva Santos 1968
†Rhinobatos beurlini Silva Santos 1968
†Rhinobatos bruxelliensis Jaekel 1894
†Rhinobatos casieri Herman 1977
†Rhinobatos craddocki Case and Cappetta 1997
†Rhinobatos echavei Cappetta and Corral 1999
†Rhinobatos hakelensis Cappetta 1980
†Rhinobatos ibericus Cappetta and Corral 1999
†Rhinobatos incertus Cappetta 1973
†Rhinobatos incidens Kriwet 1999
†Rhinobatos intermedius Davis 1887
†Rhinobatos kiestensis Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos ladoniaensis Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos latus Davis 1887
†Rhinobatos lobatus Cappetta and Case 1999
†Rhinobatos maronita Pictet and Humbert 1866
+
Invalid names: Rhinobatus grandis Davis 1887 [synonym]
†Rhinobatos obtusatus Costa 1864
†Rhinobatos primarmatus Woodward 1889
Rhinobatos rhinobatos Linnaeus 1758 [common guitarfish]
†Rhinobatos sahnii Sahni and Mehrotra 1981
†Rhinobatos seruensis Guinot et al. 2012
†Rhinobatos steurbauti Cappetta and Nolf 1981
†Rhinobatos uvulatus Case and Cappetta 1997
+
†Rhinobatus antunesi Jonet 1968
†Rhinobatus eretes Hay 1903
†Rhinobatus morinicus Sauvage 1873
†Rhinobatus tesselatus von der Marck 1894
G. †Rhombopterygia Cappetta 1980
+
†Rhombopterygia rajoides Cappetta 1980
G. †Rhynchobatis Philippi 1857
G. †Spathobatis Thiollière 1849
+
†Spathobatis bugesiacus Thiollière 1854
†Spathobatis delsatei Underwood and Ward 2004
†Spathobatis halteri Biddle and Landemaine 1988
†Spathobatis rugosus Underwood et al. 1999
†Spathobatis uppensis Thies 1983
†Spathobatis werneri Thies 1983
G. †Squatinoraja Nardo 1824
G. †Syrrhina Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Tarsistes Jordan 1919
G. †Terangabatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Rhynchobatidae [wedgefish]
+
G. Rhynchobatus Müller and Henle 1837
+
Rhynchobatus djiddensis Forsskål 1775
†Rhynchobatus laevis Schneider 1801
†Rhynchobatus pristinus Probst 1877
†Rhynchobatus vincenti Jaekel 1894
G. †Sowibatos Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Tlalocbatos Brito et al. 2019
+
†Tlalocbatos applegatei Brito et al. 2019
Fm. Trygonorrhinidae Last et al. 2016
+
G. Trygonorrhina Müller and Henley 1838
G. †Zapteryx Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Or. †Sclerorhynchiformes Kriwet 2004
+
G. †Iberotrygon Kriwet et al. 2009
+
†Iberotrygon plagiolophus Kriwet et al. 2009
Fm. †Ptychotrygonidae Kriwet et al. 2009
+
G. †Asflapristis Villalobos-Segura et al. 2019
+
†Asflapristis cristadentis Villalobos-Segura et al. 2019
†Asflapristis rugosa Case 2001
G. †Ptychotrygon Jaekel 1894
+
†Ptychotrygon agujaensis McNulty and Slaughter 1972
†Ptychotrygon ameghinorum Begat et al. 2022
†Ptychotrygon boothi Case 1987
+
Invalid names: Ptychotrygon ellae Case 1987 [synonym]
†Ptychotrygon chattahoocheensis Case et al. 2001
†Ptychotrygon cuspidata Cappetta and Case 1975
†Ptychotrygon eutawensis Case et al. 2001
†Ptychotrygon geyeri Kriwet 1999
†Ptychotrygon gueveli Cappetta 2004
†Ptychotrygon henkeli Werner 1989
†Ptychotrygon ledouxi Cappetta 1973
†Ptychotrygon pustulata Kriwet et al. 2009
†Ptychotrygon slaughteri Cappetta and Case 1975
†Ptychotrygon striata Kriwet et al. 2009
†Ptychotrygon vermiculata Cappetta 1975
†Ptychotrygon winni Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ptychotrygon clementsi Case et al. 2017 [nomen dubium], Ptychotrygon mcnultyi Meyer 1974 [nomen nudum]
G. †Ptychotrygonoides Landemaine 1991
+
†Ptychotrygonoides pouiti Landemaine 1991
†Ptychotrygonoides sabatieri Guinot et al. 2012
G. †Texatrygon Cappetta and Case 1999
+
†Texatrygon avonicola Estes 1964
+
Invalid names: Ischyrhiza monasterica Case and Cappetta 1997 [synonym]
†Texatrygon benningensis Case et al. 2001
+
Invalid names: Texatrygon stouti Bourdon et al. 2011 [synonym]
†Texatrygon copei Cappetta and Case 1999
†Texatrygon hooveri McNulty and Slaughter 1972
+
Invalid names: Ptychotrygon rubyae Williamson et al. 1993 [synonym]
Fm. †Sclerorhynchidae Cappetta 1974
+
G. †Agaleorhynchus Guinot et al. 2012
+
†Agaleorhynchus britannicus Guinot et al. 2012
G. †Ankistrorhynchus Casier 1964
+
†Ankystrorhynchus major Cappetta and Case 1975
G. †Australopristis Martill and Ibrahim 2012
+
†Australopristis wiffeni Martill and Ibrahim 2012
G. †Baharipristis Werner 1989
+
†Baharipristis bastetiae Werner 1989
G. †Biropristis Suárez and Cappetta 2004
+
†Biropristis landbecki Suárez and Cappetta 2004
G. †Borodinopristis Case 1987
+
†Borodinopristis ackermani Case et al. 2001
†Borodinopristis shannoni Case et al. 2012
G. †Celtipristis Kriwet 1999
+
†Celtipristis herreroi Kriwet 1999
G. †Ctenopristis Arambourg 1940
+
†Ctenopristis nougareti Arambourg 1940
G. †Dalpiazia Checchia-Rispoli 1933
+
†Dalpiazia stromeri Checchia-Rispoli 1933
+
Invalid names: Onchosaurus manzadinensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943 [synonym], Onchosaurus maroccanus Arambourg 1935 [synonym]
G. †Ganopristis Arambourg 1935
+
†Ganopristis hiram Hay 1903
†Ganopristis leptodon Arambourg 1935
+
Invalid names: Sclerorhynchus batavicus Weiler 1964 [synonym]
†Ganopristis libanica Arambourg 1940
†Ganopristis senta Hay 1903
G. †Ischyrhiza Leidy 1856
+
†Ischirhiza nigeriensis Tabaste 1963
†Ischyrhiza antiqua Leidy 1856
†Ischyrhiza basinensis Case 1987
†Ischyrhiza chilensis Wetzel 1930
+
Invalid names: Plesiosaurus andium Gervais 1859 [objective synonym]
†Ischyrhiza georgiensis Case et al. 2001
†Ischyrhiza germaniae Weiler and Albers 1964
†Ischyrhiza hartenbergeri Cappetta 1975
†Ischyrhiza mira Leidy 1856
†Ischyrhiza nigeriensis Tabaste 1963
†Ischyrhiza schneideri Slaughter and Steiner 1968
†Ischyrhiza serra Nessov 1997
†Ischyrhiza texana Cappetta and Case 1975
†Ischyrhiza viaudi Cappetta 1981
G. †Libanopristis Cappetta 1980
+
†Libanopristis hiram Hay 1903
G. †Marckgrafia Weiler 1935
+
†Marckgrafia libyca Weiler 1935
G. †Micropristis Cappetta 1980
G. †Onchopristis Stromer 1917
+
†Onchopristis dunklei McNulty and Slaughter 1962
+
Invalid names: Sechmetia cruciformis Werner 1989 [synonym]
†Onchopristis numidus Haug 1905
†Onchopristis pharao Dames 1887
G. †Onchosaurus Gervais 1852
+
Subg. †Onchosaurus (Onchosaurus) Gervais 1852
†Onchosaurus pharao Dames 1887
+
Invalid names: Ischyrhiza iwakiensis Uyeno and Hasegawa 1986 [synonym]
†Onchosaurus radicalis Gervais 1852
Invalid names: Gigantichthys Dames 1887 [synonym], Titanichthys Dames 1887 [synonym]
G. †Plicatopristis Cappetta 1991
+
†Plicatopristis strougoi Cappetta 1991
G. †Pucapristis Schaeffer 1963
+
†Pucapristis branisi Schaeffer 1963
G. †Renpetia Werner 1989
+
†Renpetia labiicarinata Werner 1989
G. †Sclerorhynchus Woodward 1889
+
†Sclerorhynchus atavus Woodward 1889
†Sclerorhynchus fanninensis Cappetta and Case 1999
†Sclerorhynchus germaniae Weiler 1964
†Sclerorhynchus pettersi Case and Cappetta 1997
†Sclerorhynchus priscus Cappetta and Case 1999
Invalid names: Ganopristinae Arambourg? [invalid subgroup], Schizorhizinae Kirkland and Aguillón-Martínez 2002 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Torpediniformes [electric ray]
+
Fm. Narcinidae Gill 1862 [numbfish]
+
G. Benthobatis Alcock 1898
G. Discopyge Heckel 1846 [apron ray]
G. Narcine Henle 1834
+
†Narcine olisiponensis Jonet 1968
Invalid names: Cyclonarce Gill 1862 [synonym], Gonionarce Gill 1862 [synonym], Syrraxis Bonaparte 1841 [synonym]
G. †Titanonarke de Carvalho 2010
+
†Titanonarke megapterygia Marramà et al. 2018
†Titanonarke molini Jaekel 1894
Superfm. †Narcinoidea
+
G. Heteronarce Regan 1921
Fm. Narkidae Fowler 1934 [sleeper ray]
+
G. Bengalichthys Bengalichthys 1909
G. Narke Kaup 1826
G. Temera Gray 1831 [finless sleeper ray]
G. Typhlonarke Waite 1909 [blind electric ray]
Fm. Torpedinidae [torpedo]
+
G. Astrape Muller and Henle 1838
+
Astrape aysoni Hamilton 1901
G. †Eotorpedo White 1934
+
†Eotorpedo hilgendorfi Jaekel 1904
†Eotorpedo jaekeli White 1934
†Eotorpedo nolfi Herman 1974
†Eotorpedo zennaroi Cappetta 1988
G. †Hypnarce Waite 1902
G. Hypnos Dumeril 1852
+
Hypnos monopterygius Shaw and Nodder 1795
G. †Narcacion Klein 1775
G. †Tetronarce Gill 1862
G. Torpedo Houttuyn 1764 [torpedo]
+
†Torpedo acarinata Adnet 2006
†Torpedo brasiliensis Olfers 1831
†Torpedo gigantea de Blainville 1818
†Torpedo pessanti Adnet 2006
Invalid names: Eunarce Fowler 1910 [synonym], Fimbriotorpedo Fritsch 1886 [synonym], Gymnotorpedo Fritsch 1886 [synonym], Narcobatus [synonym], Notastrape Whitley 1932 [synonym], Tetronarcine Tanaka 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypnidae [empty]
Invalid names: Arthropteridae Jordan 1905 [empty], Spathobatidae Dames 1888 [empty]
G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843
+
†Carcharopsis prototypus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharopsis wortheni Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Dicrenodus texanus Eastman 1917 [synonym]
G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993
Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]
+
G. †Diclitodus Davis 1883
+
†Diclitodus scitulus Davis 1883
G. †Scoliorhiza Raymond 1925
+
†Scoliorhiza kellyi Raymond 1925
†Scoliorhiza whitei St John and Worthen 1875
G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Changxingselache wangi Wang et al. 2007
Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909
+
G. †Iberolepis Mader 1986
G. †Lunalepis Mader 1986
G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997
+
†Complanicorona glabra Johns 1997
G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997
+
†Coniunctio aequirugosa Johns 1997
†Coniunctio multirugosa Johns 1997
G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883
+
†Eunemacanthus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus heterogyrus Agassiz 1837 [objective synonym]
†Eunemacanthus keytei Branson 1916
†Eunemacanthus venator Khabakob 1928
Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975
+
+
Subor. †Sarcura
+
Invalid names: Asterodermidae [empty]
Invalid names: Dasyatoidei [empty], Ganopristinidea Case 1978 [empty], Narcaciontes [empty]
Unr. Euselachii Hay 1902
+
G. †Acronemus Rieppel 1982
+
†Acronemus tuberculatus Bassani 1886
+
Invalid names: Acrodus bicarinatus Bassani 1886 [synonym]
G. †Artiodus Ivanov and Duffin 2017
+
†Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin 2017
G. †Cheirostephanus Casier 1958
+
G. †Favusodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Favusodus orientalis Li et al. 2022
Subor. †Galei
+
+
G. †Nebrodes Garman 1913
G. †Plicodus Winkler 1874
+
G. †Micristodus Gill 1865
Invalid names: Lamnoidei [empty]
+
Fm. †Galeidae
+
G. †Boreogaleus Gill 1861
G. †Calliscyllium Tanaka 1912
G. †Cymocephalus Klein 1777
G. †Cynias Gill 1903
G. †Dirrhizodon Klunzinger 1870
G. †Eridacnis Smith 1913
G. †Eulamia Gill 1861
+
†Eulamia altima Springer 1950
G. †Gyrace Jordan and Hannibal 1922
+
†Gyrace occidentalis Agassiz 1856
+
Invalid names: Galeocerdo productus Agassiz 1834 [synonym]
G. †Hypopriondon Gill 1861
G. †Isoplagiodon Gill 1861
G. †Leptocarcharias Günther 1879
G. †Leptocarias Smith 1837
G. †Myrmillo Gistel 1848
G. †Platypodon Poey 1876
G. †Pleuracromylon Gill 1864
G. †Pseudogaleus Jaekel 1894
+
†Pseudogaleus voltai Jaekel 1894
G. †Rhinotriacis Gill 1862
G. †Rhizoprion Ogilby 1915
G. †Scylliogaleus Boulenger 1902
G. †Thalassorhinus Müller and Henle 1838
+
G. †Hueneichthys Reif 1977
+
†Hueneichthys costatus Reif 1977
Infracl. †Hybodonta
+
Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966
+
G. †Cassisodus Ginter and Sun 2007
G. †Doratodus Schmid 1861
+
†Doratodus tricuspidatus Schmid 1861
G. †Hamiltonichthys Maisey 1989
+
†Hamiltonichthys mapesi Maisey 1989
G. †Hubeiodus Shang et al. 2008 [Hubei tooth]
+
†Hubeiodus ziguiensis Shang et al. 2008
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Bdellodus Quenstedt 1882
G. †Dicrenodus Romanowski 1853
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
G. †Frangerodus Rees and Underwood 2008
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
G. †Miosynechodus Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Priohybodus d'Erasmo 1960
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
+
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hybodus dewalquei Forir 1887 [nomen vanum]
+
†Mesodmodus explanatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus exsculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus ornatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Omanoselache Koot et al. 2013
+
†Omanoselache angiolinii Koot et al. 2013
†Omanoselache bucheri Cuny et al. 2001
†Omanoselache halli Koot and Cuny 2014
†Omanoselache hendersoni Koot et al. 2013
G. †Onychoselache Dick 1978
+
Fm. †Pseudodalatiidae Reif 1978
+
G. †Pseudodalatias Reif 1978
G. †Reesodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Reesodus pectinatus Lebedev 1996
†Reesodus underwoodi Koot et al. 2013
†Reesodus wirksworthensis Duffin 1985
Fm. †Sphenacanthidae Maisey 1982
+
G. †Khuffia Koot et al. 2013
G. †Sphenacanthus Agassiz 1837
G. †Xenosynechodus Glikman 1980
Invalid names: Xenosynechodontidae Glikman 1980 [synonym]
Fm. †Steinbachodontidae Reif 1980
+
G. †Steinbachodus Reif 1980
G. †Teresodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Teresodus amplexus Koot et al. 2013
Fm. †Thaiodontidae Cuny et al. 2008
+
G. †Thaiodus Cappetta et al. 1990
Invalid names: Hybodontoidea Agassiz 1834 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014
+
G. †Acanthorhachis Martill et al. 2014
+
†Acanthorhachis spinatus Bolton 1896
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus wardi Woodward 1891 [synonym]
G. †Listracanthus Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
†Listracanthus hystrix Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus beyrichi von Koenen 1879 [synonym], Listracanthus eliasi Hibbard 1938 [synonym], Listracanthus hildrethi Newberry 1875 [synonym], Listracanthus woltersi Schmidt 1949 [synonym]
†Listracanthus pectenatus Mutter and Neuman 2006
Unr. Neoselachii Compagno 1977
+
Or. †Anachronistiformes Ivanov and Duffin 2024
+
Fm. †Anachronistidae Duffin and Ward 1983
+
G. †Amaradontus Hodnett and Elliott 2018
G. †Cooleyella Gunnell 1933
+
Invalid names: Anachronistes Duffin and Ward 1983 [synonym]
G. †Ginteria Duffin and Ivanov 2008
G. †Gunnellia Ivanov and Duffin 2024
G. †Reifella Ivanov 2021
G. †Turovella Ivanov and Duffin 2024
Unr. Batoidea [ray]
+
Subor. †Masticura Gill 1872
+
Superfm. †Rhinobatoidea
+
G. †Cristomylus Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Engaibatis Arratia et al. 2002
Invalid names: Pristiformes [empty]
G. †Duffinselache Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
G. †Eorapax Saugen et al. 2025
+
†Eorapax serrasis Saugen et al. 2025
Superor. Galeomorphii Compagno 1973
+
Or. Carcharhiniformes Compagno 1973 [ground shark]
+
Fm. Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [requiem shark]
+
Invalid names: Galeocerdidae Whitley 1934 [synonym]
G. †Corysodon Saint-Seine 1949
Fm. †Florenceodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
Fm. †Pentanchidae Smith 1912
G. †Platyrhizodon Guinot et al. 2013
Fm. Proscylliidae Fowler 1941
Fm. †Pseudoscyliorhinidae Stumpf et al. 2019
Fm. Scyliorhinidae Gill 1862 [cat shark]
Fm. Sphyrnidae Gill 1872 [hammerhead shark]
Fm. Triakidae Gray 1851 [hound shark]
Invalid names: Galeocerdonidae Poey 1875 [empty], Pseudotriakidae Brito Capello 1867 [empty]
G. †Jurobatos Thies 1983
+
†Jurobatos cappettai Thies 1983
Or. Lamniformes Berg 1958 [mackerel shark]
+
G. †Acutalamna Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
Fm. Alopiidae Bonaparte 1838 [thresher shark]
Fm. †Anacoracidae Casier 1947
Fm. †Aquilolamnidae Vullo et al. 2021
Fm. †Archaeolamnidae Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
Fm. Carchariidae Muller and Henle
G. †Carchariolamna Hora 1939
Fm. †Cardabiodontidae Siverson 1999
Fm. Cetorhinidae Gill 1862 [basking shark]
Fm. †Cretoxyrhinidae Glikman 1958
Fm. †Eoptolamnidae Kriwet et al. 2008
Fm. †Haimirichiidae Vullo et al. 2016
Fm. Lamnidae Müller and Henle 1838 [mackerel shark]
Fm. Mitsukurinidae Jordan 1898 [goblin shark]
Fm. Odontaspididae Müller and Henle 1839 [sand tiger shark]
Fm. †Otodontidae Glickman 1964
G. †Palaeocarcharias Beaumont 1960
Fm. †Paraisuridae Herman 1979
Fm. †Pseudocarchariidae Compagno 1973
Fm. †Pseudocoracidae Cappetta 2012
Fm. †Pseudoscapanorhynchidae Herman 1979
Fm. †Serratolamnidae Landemaine 1991
Fm. †Truyolsodontidae Bernárdez 2018
Fm. †Xiphodolamiidae Glikman 1964
Invalid names: Hybodus dispar Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium], Lamna (Odontaspis) ornata Rogovich 1861 [nomen dubium], Pseudocarcharidae Compagno 1973 [empty], Pseudoisurus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium], Pseudoisurus tomosus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Galeoidea Hay 1902 [empty]
G. †Grozonodon Cuny et al. 1998
+
†Grozonodon candaui Cuny et al. 1998
G. †Hopleacanthus Schaumberg 1982
+
†Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis Schaumberg 1982
G. †Nanocetorhinus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
+
†Nanocetorhinus tuberculatus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
G. †Odontorhytis Bohm 1926
+
G. †Rhomaleodus Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
†Rhomaleodus budurovi Andreev and Cuny 2012
Superor. †Squalea Shirai 1996
+
G. †Microtoxodus Delsate 2003
+
†Microtoxodus gulakmani Delsate 2003
Invalid names: Hypnosqualea Carvalho and Maisey 1996 [empty]
G. †Vallisodus Duffin 2021
+
†Vallisodus coppi Duffin 1982
Invalid names: Vallisia Duffin 1982 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dalatiiformes Shirai 1992 [empty], Galea Shirai 1996 [empty], Squatinomorphii Compagno 1973 [empty]
+
Fm. †Protacrodontidae Cappetta et al. 1993
+
G. †Dalmehodus Long and Hairapetian 2000
G. †Deihim Ginter et al. 2002
G. †Protacrodus Jaekel 1925
+
†Protacrodus vetustus Jaekel 1925
Invalid names: Protacrodontoidea Zangerl 1981 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Surcaudalus Leu 1989
+
G. †Tuberospina Lebedev 1995
Invalid names: Dasyatiformes [empty], Musteliformes [empty], Notidaniformes [empty], Scyliorhiniformes [empty], Squatinoidei Berg 1940 [empty], Squatinorajiformes [empty], Synechodontidae Casier 1947 [empty]
G. †Eychlaodus Glikman 1957
+
Invalid names: Isuroidei Garman 1913 [empty]
Superor. †Galeomorphi
+
G. †Coquanodon Greenfield 2025
+
†Coquanodon condamyi Coquand 1859
Invalid names: Orthodon Coquand 1859 [replaced]
G. †Erquitaia Cappetta 1989
G. †Heckelodes Greenfield 2025
+
†Heckelodes priscus Heckel 1854
Invalid names: Galeodes Heckel 1854 [replaced]
Or. Heterodontiformes Berg 1940 [bullhead shark]
+
Fm. Heterodontidae Gray 1851
+
G. †Acrodonchus Fraas 1889
G. †Amacanthus St John and Worthen 1875
+
†Amacanthus gibbosus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Centracion Gray 1831
G. †Centrodus Giebel 1848
G. †Chalazacanthus Davis 1883
G. †Drepanephorus Egerton 1872
G. †Echinodus Davis 1884
G. Heterodontus de Blainville 1816 [bullhead shark]
+
†Heterodontus boussioni Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus cainozoicus Pledge 1985
†Heterodontus canaliculatus Egerton and Woodward 1889
+
Invalid names: Acrodus cretaceus Dixon 1850 [synonym]
†Heterodontus carerens Kriwet 1999
†Heterodontus creamridgensis Case et al. 2001
†Heterodontus duffini Thies 1983
†Heterodontus granti Case and Cappetta 1997
†Heterodontus havreensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus laevis Guinot et al. 2013
†Heterodontus lerichei Casier 1943
†Heterodontus lonzeensis Herman 1977
†Heterodontus paucicarinatus Landemaine 1991
Heterodontus philippi Bloch and Schneider 1801
†Heterodontus pineti Fedorowski 1912
Heterodontus portujacksoni Meyer 1793 [Port Jackson shark]
†Heterodontus rugosus Agassiz 1839
†Heterodontus semirugosus Plieninger 1847
†Heterodontus sulcatus Woodward 1889
†Heterodontus upnikensis Dalinkevičius 1935
†Heterodontus vincenti Leriche 1905
†Heterodontus wardensis Cassier 1966
Invalid names: Cestracion Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Gyropleurodus Gill 1862 [synonym], Heterodontobatis Landemaine 1991 [synonym], Tropidodus Gill 1862 [synonym]
G. †Hoplonchus Davis 1876
+
†Hoplonchus elegans Davis 1876
†Hoplonchus parvulus Newberry 1875
G. †Hybodopsis Barkas 1878
G. †Lepracanthus Agassiz 1843
+
†Lepracanthus colei Owen 1869
G. †Lispacanthus Davis 1883
+
G. †Paracestracion Koken in Zittel 1911
+
†Paracestracion bellis Underwood and Ward 2004
†Paracestracion falcifer Wagner 1857
†Paracestracion pectinatus Guinot et al. 2014
†Paracestracion viohli Kriwet 2008
G. †Proheterodontus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Proheterodontus sylvestris Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Psilacanthus Quenstedt 1858
G. †Selachidea Quenstedt 1852
G. †Strongyliscus Jordan 1925
+
†Strongyliscus robustus Jordan 1925
Invalid names: Hybodontoidei Owen 1846 [empty]
G. †Hypsobatis Cappetta 1992
Or. Orectolobiformes Applegate 1972 [carpet shark]
+
G. †Akaimia Rees 2010
+
†Akaimia altucuspis Rees 2010
G. †Annea Thies 1983
+
†Annea carinata Thies 1983
†Annea maubeugei Delsate and Thies 1995
+
G. Crossorhinus Muller and Henle 1841
+
†Crossorhinus jurassicus Woodward 1919
G. †Dorsetoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Dorsetoscyllium belbekensis Trikolidi 2024
†Dorsetoscyllium terreafullonicum Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Garrigascyllium Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Garrigascyllium aganticensis Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Heterophorcynus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Heterophorcynus microdon Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Magistrauia Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Magistrauia unicaplicata Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Mesiteia Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885
+
†Mesiteia daimeriesi Herman 1971
+
Invalid names: Rhina minuta Daimeries 1888 [replaced]
†Mesiteia emiliae Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1886
†Mesiteia humboldtii Reuss 1845
†Mesiteia ypresiensis Casier 1946
Subor. Orectoloboidei Applegate 1974
+
Fm. †Brachaeluridae Applegate 1972
+
G. Brachaelurus Ogilby 1906
G. †Eostegostoma Herman and Crochard 1977
G. †Paraginglymostoma Herman 1982
Fm. Ginglymostomatidae Gill 1862 [nurse shark]
+
G. †Cantioscyllium Woodward 1889
G. †Delpitoscyllium Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Ganntouria Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Ginglymostoma Müller and Henle 1838
+
Invalid names: Acrodobatis Leidy 1877 [synonym]
G. †Hologinglymostoma Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Nebrius Rüppell 1837
G. †Plicatoscyllium Case and Cappetta 1997
G. †Protoginglymostoma Herman and Crochard 1977
G. Pseudoginglymostoma Dingerkus 1986
Fm. Hemiscylliidae Gill 1862
+
G. †Acanthoscyllium Cappetta 1980
G. †Adnetoscyllium Guinot et al. 2013
G. †Almascyllium Cappetta 1980
G. Chiloscyllium Müller and Henle 1837
G. †Cirrhoscyllium Smith 1913
G. †Folipistrix Kriwet 2003
G. Hemiscyllium Smith 1837
G. †Palaeobrachaelurus Thies 1983
G. †Pseudospinax Müller and Diedrich 1991
Fm. Orectolobidae Jordan and Fowler 1903 [wobbegong]
+
G. †Cederstroemia Siverson 1995
G. †Cirriscyllium Ogilby 1908
G. †Columbusia Case et al. 2001
G. †Cretorectolobus Case 1978
G. †Eometlaouia Noubhani and Cappetta 2002
+
Invalid names: Metlaouia Noubhani and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
G. †Eucrossorhinus Regan 1908
G. †Gryphodobatis Leidy 1877
G. †Heteroscyllium Regan 1908
G. †Orectoloboides Cappetta 1977
G. †Restesia Cook et al. 2014
G. †Squatiscyllium Cappetta 1980
G. †Synchismus Gill 1861
Invalid names: Nebriinae [empty]
Fm. Rhincodontidae Müller and Henle 1839 [whale shark]
+
G. Rhincodon Smith 1829 [whale shark]
Fm. †Stegostomatidae Gill 1862
+
G. Stegostoma Mueller and Henle 1838
Invalid names: Hemiscyllioidea Naylor 2012 [empty], Orectoloboidea Maylor 2012 [empty]
G. †Ornatoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Ornatoscyllium freemani Underwood and Ward 2004
†Ornatoscyllium rugasimulatum Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Parahemiscyllium Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Parahemiscyllium underwoodwardi Guinot et al. 2014
+
Fm. Parascylliidae Gill 1862 [collared carpetshark]
+
G. †Pararhincodon Herman 1977
G. †Parasquatina Herman 1982
+
†Parasquatina cappettai Herman 1982
†Parasquatina jarvisi Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina justinensis Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina zitteli Pollerspöck and Beaury 2014
Fm. †Phorcynidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Phorcynis Thiollière 1854
Fm. †Rhinocodontidae Garman 1913
+
G. †Palaeorhincodon Herman 1975
+
†Palaeorhincodon daouii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Palaeorhincodon dartevellei Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Palaeocarcharidae [empty]
G. †Rajorhina Jaekel 1894
G. †Reifia Duffin 1980
+
†Reifia minuta Duffin 1980
Or. †Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward 1993
+
G. †Keichouodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Keichouodus nimaiguensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Mucrovenator Cuny et al. 2001
+
†Mucrovenator minimus Cuny et al. 2001
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
+
G. †Antrigoulia Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Antrigoulia circumplicata Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Macrourogaleus Fowler 1947
+
†Macrourogaleus hassei Woodward 1889
G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Nemacanthus bosnensis Katzer 1916
†Nemacanthus elegans Evans 1904
†Nemacanthus filifer Agassiz 1836
†Nemacanthus minor Davis 1881
†Nemacanthus monilifer Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Desmacanthus cloacinus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
†Nemacanthus speciosus Winckler 1861
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
+
†Palidiplospinax enniskilleni Duffin and Ward 1993
†Palidiplospinax occultidens Duffin and Ward 1993
G. †Paraorthacodus Glikman 1957
+
+
Invalid names: Synechodus striatus Case 1978 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus arduennae Delsate 2001
†Paraorthacodus conicus Davis 1890
+
Invalid names: Paraorthacodus nerviensis Leriche 1929 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus eocaenus Leriche 1902
+
Invalid names: Paraorthacodus turgaicus Glikman 1964 [synonym]
†Paraorthacodus jurensis Schweizer 1964
†Paraorthacodus recurvus Trautschold 1877
†Paraorthacodus rossi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
+
†Synechodus antiquus Ivanov 2005
†Synechodus clarki Eastman 1901
†Synechodus dereki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Synechodus dubrisiensis Mackie 1863
+
Invalid names: Synechodus michaeli Thies 1981 [synonym]
†Synechodus duffini Underwood and Ward 2004
†Synechodus egertoni Woodward 1889
†Synechodus faxensis Davis 1890
†Synechodus filipi Siversson et al. 2015
†Synechodus incrementum Johns 1997
†Synechodus kessleri Sokolskyi and Guinot 2021
†Synechodus lerichei Herman 1977
†Synechodus levis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus nitidus Woodward 1912
†Synechodus paludinensis Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus plicatus Underwood 2002
†Synechodus prorogatus Kriwet 2003
†Synechodus rhaeticus Duffin 1982
†Synechodus riegrafi Thies 1983
†Synechodus rotheliusi Saugen et al. 2025
†Synechodus seinstedtensis Thies et al. 2014
†Synechodus streitzi Delsate et al. 2002
†Synechodus subulatus Leriche 1951
†Synechodus subulatus Rogovich 1861
†Synechodus sulcatus Davis 1888
†Synechodus tenuis Woodward 1889
†Synechodus triangulus Yamagishi 2004
†Synechodus turneri Case 1987
†Synechodus ungeri Klug 2009
†Synechodus validus Chapman 1918
†Synechodus volaticus Johns 1997
Invalid names: Hybodus bronnii Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium], Paraorthacodidae Klug 2010 [synonym]
G. †Parascylloides Thies et al. 2014
+
†Parascylloides turnerae Thies et al. 2014
G. †Polyfaciodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Polyfaciodus pandus Koot and Cuny 2014
Fm. †Pseudonotidanidae Underwood and Ward 2004
+
G. †Pseudonotidanus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Pseudonotidanus semirugosus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Pseudonotidanus terencei Delsate and Godefroit 1995
G. †Welcommia Cappetta 1990
+
†Welcommia bodeuri Cappetta 1990
G. †Rhomphaiodon Duffin 1993
+
†Rhomphaiodon minor Agassiz 1837
†Rhomphaiodon nicolensis Duffin 1993
G. †Safrodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Safrodus tozeri Koot and Cuny 2014
G. †Wimanodon Saugen et al. 2025
+
†Wimanodon marmieri Saugen et al. 2025
G. †Youssoubatis Cappetta 1992
Invalid names: Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [synonym]
G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999
+
†Gondwanodus irwinensis Daymond 1999
Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland
+
G. †Cyrtacanthus Newberry 1873
+
†Cyrtacanthus dentatus Newberry 1873
G. †Gampsacanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Gampsacanthus latus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus squamosus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus typus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Lecracanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Lecracanthus unguiculus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Marracanthus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Marracanthus rectus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Phlyctaenacanthus Eastman 1898
+
†Phlyctaenacanthus telleri Eastman 1898
G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997
+
†Labascicorona alata Johns 1997
G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997
+
G. †Leonodus Mader 1986
G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008
G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Lugalepididae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997
+
G. †Lugalepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1997
Fm. †Mcmurdodontidae White 1968
+
G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Meishanselache liui Wang et al. 2007
G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997
+
†Minuticorona uniculmen Johns 1997
G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873
+
†Oniscina ornata Goldenberg 1873
+
Invalid names: Arthropleura ornata Goldenberg 1873 [synonym]
G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997
G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Ostenoselachidae Duffin 1998
+
G. †Ostenoselache Duffin 1998
+
†Ostenoselache stenosoma Duffin 1998
Infracl. Osteodonti
+
Superor. Lamnae
+
+
Superfm. Isuroidea Glikman 1964
+
Fm. Isuridae Gray 1851 [mackerel shark]
Fm. Lamiostomatidae Glikman 1964
+
Fm. †Jaekelotodontidae Glikman 1964
Invalid names: Carcharodontidae Gill 1892 [empty]
Superfm. †Scapanorhynchoidea
+
Fm. †Scapanorhynchidae Bigelow and Schroeder 1948
Invalid names: Anacoracoidea [empty]
G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Parvicorona dacrysulca Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997
+
†Parvidiabolus acutus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus convexus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus obliquus Johns 1997
G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997
+
†Parviscapha trivela Johns 1997
†Parviscapha univelum Johns 1997
G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843
+
†Physonemus arcuatus McCoy 1848
†Physonemus asper Leidy 1859
†Physonemus carinatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus gemmatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Physonemus gigas Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Physonemus gigii Branson 1916
†Physonemus mirabilis St John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus pandatus Eastman 1903
†Physonemus stellatus Newberry 1889
†Physonemus striatus Moore 1929
†Physonemus subteres Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]
Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier
+
+
G. †Rhaibodus Bohm 1926
+
†Rhaibodus rapax Bohm 1926
G. †Narcopterus Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Eulamiidae [empty], Hexeptranchidae [empty], Raiae [empty]
G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948
+
†Platylithophycus cretaceus Johnson and Howell 1948
G. †Raineria Osswald 1928
+
†Raineria osswaldi Cappetta 1987
G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Rosaodus xingyiensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997
+
†Rugosicorona devexa Johns 1997
G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
†Sacrisubcorona circabasis Johns et al. 1997
Unr. Selachii [shark]
+
Subor. †Asterospondyli Haase
+
Invalid names: Gestracionidae [empty]
G. †Cooperodon Whitley 1956
+
†Cooperodon typicalis Gunnell 1933
Invalid names: Cooperella Gunnell 1933 [replaced]
Subor. †Ctenacanthoidei Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971
+
Invalid names: Londichiidae Herman 1977 [empty]
G. †Fortscottella Gunnell 1931
+
†Fortscottella gemmicula Gunnell 1933
G. †Hammondella Gunnell 1933
+
†Hammondella crassa Gunnell 1933
†Hammondella globosa Gunnell 1933
G. †Idiacanthus Gunnell 1933
G. †Kirkella Gunnell 1933
+
†Kirkella elliptica Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella indentata Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella typicalis Gunnell 1933
G. †Moreyella Gunnell 1933
+
†Moreyella aviculiformis Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella trilobata Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella typicalis Gunnell 1933
Fm. Notidanidae Bonaparte
+
G. †Xenodolamia Leidy 1877
+
†Xenodolamia barbadica Casier 1958
†Xenodolamia eocaena Woodward 1889
†Xenodolamia pravus Leidy 1877
†Xenodolamia simplex Leidy 1877
Subor. Rajae
+
Invalid names: Pachyura Gill 1872 [empty]
Subor. Squali Müller and Henle 1838
+
Invalid names: Petalodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Squaloidea [empty]
Superor. †Squalimorphi
+
Invalid names: Pristiphoriformes [empty], Squalida Nelson 2016 [empty], Squatinida [empty]
Subor. †Tectospondyli
+
Invalid names: Squaloidei [empty]
Fm. Trygonidae Müller and Henle 1837
+
G. †Xiphotrygon Cope 1879
+
†Xiphotrygon acutidens Cope 1879
Invalid names: Anacoracoidei [empty], Centrobati Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Notidani Jaekel 1911 [empty], Notidanoidei [empty], Palaeosquali Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinoraji Jaekel 1911 [empty], Scyllidae [empty], Spinacidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Statodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Trirostri Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002
+
G. †Siamodus
Superor. Squalomorphi Compagno 1973
+
+
+
+
†Echinorhinus australis Chapman 1909
†Echinorhinus blakei Agassiz 1856
†Echinorhinus lapaoi Antunes and Cappetta 2002
†Echinorhinus maremagnum Bogan et al. 2017
†Echinorhinus pozzii Ameghino 1906
†Echinorhinus spinosus Gmelin 1789
†Echinorhinus vielhus Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Gibbechinorhinus Cappetta 1990
+
†Gibbechinorhinus lewyi Cappetta 1990
Fm. †Orthechinorhinidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Orthechinorhinus Adnet 2006
+
†Orthechinorhinus davidae Welton 2016
Fm. †Pseudoechinorhinidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Pseudoechinorhinus Pfeil 1983
Or. Hexanchiformes de Buen 1926
+
+
G. Chlamydoselachus Garman 1884
+
†Chlamydoselachus balli Cappetta et al. 2019
+
Invalid names: Glyphis subulata Gibbes 1847 [synonym]
†Chlamydoselachus gracilis Antunes and Cappetta 2002
†Chlamydoselachus kamchaticus Malyshkina and Nazarkin 2024
G. †Dykeius Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Dykeius garethi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Rolfodon Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Rolfodon bracheri Pfeil 1983
†Rolfodon goliath Antunes and Cappetta 2002
†Rolfodon keyesi Mannering and Hiller 2008
†Rolfodon landinii Carillo-Briceño et al. 2014
†Rolfodon ludvigseni Cappetta et al. 2019
†Rolfodon tatere Consoli 2008
†Rolfodon thomsoni Richter and Ward 1990
Fm. †Crassonotidae Kriwet and Klug 2012
+
G. †Pachyhexanchus Cappetta 1990
+
†Pachyhexanchus pockrandti Ward and Thies 1987
Fm. Heptranchidae Barnard 1925
+
G. Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810 [sevengill shark]
+
†Heptranchias andersoni Jordan 1907
†Heptranchias cinereus Gmelin 1789
†Heptranchias ezoensis Applegate and Uyeno 1968
†Heptranchias howellii Reed 1946
Heptranchias perlo Bonnaterre 1788 [sharpnose sevengill shark]
Fm. Hexanchidae Gray 1851 [cow shark]
+
G. †Eonotidanus Pfeil 1893
G. †Gladioserratus Underwood et al. 2011
+
†Gladioserratus aptiensis Pictet 1865
†Gladioserratus dentatus Guinot et al. 2014
†Gladioserratus magnus Underwood et al. 2011
G. Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 [sixgill shark]
+
†Hexanchus agassizi Cappetta 1976
†Hexanchus gigas Sismonda 1857
†Hexanchus gracilis Davis 1887
Hexanchus griseus Bonaterre 1788 [bluntnose sixgill shark]
†Hexanchus microdon Agassiz 1835
G. †Monopterhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Notidanion Jordan 1923
+
†Notidanion boreale Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Notidanion chiconis Jordan 1907
G. †Notidanodon Cappetta 1975
+
†Notidanodon dentatus Woodward 1886
†Notidanodon lanceolatus Woodward 1886
†Notidanodon pectinatus Agassiz 1843
+
Invalid names: Notidanodon antarcti Grande and Chatterjee 1987 [synonym]
G. Notidanus Cuvier 1817
+
†Notidanus gracilis Davis 1887
†Notidanus jenningsi Chapman and Pritchard 1904
†Notidanus marginalis Davis 1888
†Notidanus munsteri Agassiz 1843
†Notidanus recurvus Agassiz 1843
†Notidanus tenuidens Leriche 1938
†Notidanus ultra Ameghino 1901
G. Notorhynchus Ayres 1855 [sevengill shark]
+
†Notorhynchus primigenius Agassiz 1835
+
Invalid names: Notidanus thevenardi Delfortrie 1878 [synonym]
G. Notorynchus Ayers 1855
+
+
Invalid names: Notidanus plectrodon Cope 1867 [synonym]
G. †Protoheptranchias Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Protoheptranchias lowei Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Xampylodon Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Xampylodon brotzeni Siverson 1995
†Xampylodon dentatus Woodward 1886
†Xampylodon diastemacron dos Santos et al. 2024
†Xampylodon loozi Vincent 1876
Invalid names: Eonotidanidae Pfiel 1983 [synonym]
Subor. †Hexanchoidei Hay 1902
+
Fm. †Crassodontidanidae Kriwet and Klug 2016
+
G. †Notidanoides Maisey 1986
Fm. †Komoksodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
+
G. †Komoksodon Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Komoksodon kwutchakuth Cappetta et al. 2019
Fm. †Orthacodidae Glikman 1957
+
G. †Archaeogracilidens Villalobos-Segura et al. 2025
+
†Archaeogracilidens macer Quenstedt 1851
+
Invalid names: Oxyrhina ornati Quenstedt 1851 [synonym], Sphenodus nitidus Wagner 1862 [synonym]
G. †Occitanodus Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Occitanodus sudrei Guinot et al. 2014
Invalid names: Orthacodontidae de Beaumont 1960 [objective synonym]
G. †Paranotidanus Ward and Thies 1987
+
†Paranotidanus serratus Fraas 1855
G. †Thrinax
+
†Thrinax baumgartneri Pfeil 1983
G. †Weltonia
+
†Weltonia ancistrodon Arambourg 1952
Or. Pristiophoriformes Berg 1958 [saw shark]
+
G. †Ikamuius Keyes 1979
Fm. Pristiophoridae Bleeker 1859
+
Subfm. †Pliotrematinae Fowler 1947
+
G. †Ikamauius Keyes 1979
G. †Pochitaserra Villafaña et al. 2025
+
†Pochitaserra patriciacanalae Villafaña et al. 2025
G. Pristiophorus Bleeker 1859
+
†Pristiophorus laevis Engelbrecht et al. 2017
†Pristiophorus lineatus Applegate and Uyeno 1968
†Pristiophorus napierensis Chapman 1918
†Pristiophorus pricei Cappetta et al. 2019
Pristiophorus schroederi Springer and Bullis 1960
†Pristiophorus smithi Cappetta et al. 2019
†Pristiophorus striatus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
†Pristiophorus tumidens Woodward 1932
Invalid names: Propristiophorus Woodward 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pristiophorinae Bleeker 1859 [empty]
+
Fm. †Protospinacidae Woodward 1919
+
G. †Breviacanthus Maisey 1976
+
†Breviacanthus brevis Philips 1871
G. †Protospinax Woodward 1919
+
†Protospinax annectans Woodward 1919
†Protospinax bilobatus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax carvalhoi Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax magnus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax planus Underwood 2002
Or. Squaliformes Goodrich 1909
+
Fm. Centrophoridae Bleeker 1859 [gulper shark]
+
G. †Centrodeania Feichtinger et al. 2024
+
†Centrodeania annae Feichtinger et al. 2024
†Centrodeania perchensis Feichtinger et al. 2025
†Centrodeania rugosa Feichtinger et al. 2024
G. Centrophorus Müller and Henle 1837
+
†Centrophorus granulosus Bloch and Schneider 1801
Centrophorus squamosus Bonnaterre 1788
G. Deania Jordan and Snyder 1902
+
†Deania angoumeensis Adnet 2006
G. †Centropterus Costa 1856
+
†Centropterus lividus Costa 1856
Fm. Dalatiidae Gray 1851
+
G. †Acrosqualiolus Adnet 2006
+
†Acrosqualiolus mirus Adnet 2006
G. †Angoumeius Adnet et al. 2006
+
†Angoumeius paradoxus Adnet et al. 2006
G. Dalatias Rafinesque 1810
+
Dalatias licha Bonnaterre 1788 [kitefin shark]
G. †Eosqualiolus Adnet 2006
+
†Eosqualiolus aturensis Adnet 2006
†Eosqualiolus skrovinai Underwood and Schlogl 2013
G. Euprotomicrus Gill 1864
G. †Hessinodon Cappetta et al. 2019
+
†Hessinodon wardi Cappetta et al. 2019
G. Isistius Gill 1864
+
†Isistius triangulus Probst 1879
Isistius trituratus Winkler 1874
G. †Oligodalatias Welton 2016
+
†Oligodalatias jordani Welton 2016
G. †Squaliodalatias Adnet et al. 2006
+
†Squaliodalatias savoiei Cappetta et al. 2019
†Squaliodalatias weltoni Adnet et al. 2006
G. Squaliolus Smith and Radcliffe 1912
+
†Squaliolus gasconensis Adnet 2006
Squaliolus laticaudus Smith and Radcliffe 1912
†Squaliolus schaubi Casier 1958
Fm. †Eoscymnidae Herman and van den Eeckhaut 2010
+
G. †Eoscymnus Herman and van den Eeckhaut 2010
Fm. Etmopteridae Fowler 1941
+
G. Aculeola de Buen 1959
G. Centroscyllium Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Eoetmopterus Muller and Schollmann 1989
+
†Eoetmopterus davidi Feichtinger et al. 2022
†Eoetmopterus supracretaceus Müller and Schöllmann 1989
G. Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810
+
†Etmopterus acutidens Casier 1966
†Etmopterus cahuzaci Adnet 2006
Etmopterus spinax Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Etmopterus aculeatus Rafinesque 1810 [synonym]
G. †Incognitorapax Feichtinger et al. 2024
+
†Incognitorapax fernsebneri Feichtinger et al. 2024
G. Miroscyllium Shirai and Nakaya 1990
G. †Paraetmopterus Adnet 2006
+
†Paraetmopterus horvathi Underwood and Schlogl 2013
†Paraetmopterus nolfi Adnet 2006
G. †Proetmopterus Siverson 1993
+
†Proetmopterus lukasi Feichtinger et al. 2022
G. Trigonognathus Mochizuki and Ohe 1990
+
Trigonognathus kabeyai Mochizuki and Ohe 1990
†Trigonognathus virginiae Cappetta and Adnet 2001
Invalid names: Aculeolidae Herman and van Waes 2012 [synonym]
G. †Fredipristis Feichtinger et al. 2022
+
†Fredipristis eximia Feichtinger et al. 2022
+
G. †Centrina Cuvier 1817
G. Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810
+
G. †Borborodes Gistel 1848
G. †Leius Kner 1865
G. Scymnorhinus Bonaparte 1846
+
†Scymnorhinus lichia Cuvier 1817
†Scymnorhinus occidentalis Agassiz 1856
G. †Xenodus Miller 1892
+
†Xenodus hertzeri Newberry 1889
Invalid names: Goniodus Newberry 1889 [replaced]
Fm. Somniosidae Jordan 1888 [sleeper shark]
+
G. Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage and Brito Capello 1864
+
†Centroscymnus praecursor Muller and Schollmann 1989
†Centroscymnus schmidi Herman 1982
G. Centroselachus Garman 1913
G. †Cretascymnus Cappetta 1980
+
†Cretascymnus adonis Signeux 1950
†Cretascymnus beauryi Feichtinger et al. 2022
†Cretascymnus quimbalaensis Antunes and Cappetta 2002
†Cretascymnus westfalicus Muller and Schollmann 1989
G. †Heteroscymnus Tanaka 1912
G. †Laemargus Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Leiodon Wood 1847
G. †Palaeocentroscymnus Pollerspöck 2018
+
†Palaeocentroscymnus bavaricus Feichtinger et al. 2025
G. †Protoxynotus Herman 1975
+
†Protoxynotus mayrmelnhofi Feichtinger et al. 2022
+
Invalid names: Palaeomicroides ursulae Thies and Müller 1993 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paraphorosoides Kriwet et al. 2006 [synonym]
G. †Rhinoscymnus Gill 1864
+
†Rhinoscymnus clarki Cappetta et al. 2019
†Rhinoscymnus viridiadamas Welton and Goedert 2016
G. †Scymnodalatias Garrick 1956
+
Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev and Kovalenko 1988 [Azores dogfish]
G. Scymnodon Bocage and Capello 1864
+
Scymnodon obscurus Vaillant 1888
Scymnodon ringens Bocage and Capello 1864 [knifetooth dogfish]
G. Somniosus Le Sueur 1818 [sleeper shark]
+
†Somniosus gonzalezi Welton and Goedert 2016
G. Zameus Jordan and Fowler 1903
+
Zameus squamulosus Günther 1877 [velvet dogfish]
Fm. Squalidae Bonaparte 1834 [dogfish shark]
+
G. †Acanthidium Lowe 1839
G. †Acanthorhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Atractophorus Gilchrist 1922
G. †Centrophoroides Davis 1887
+
G. †Centrosqualus Signeux 1950
+
+
Invalid names: Acanthias muensteri Daimeries 1888 [synonym]
†Centrosqualus mustardi Cappetta et al. 2019
†Centrosqualus primaevus Pictet 1850
G. Cirrhigaleus Tanaka 1912
G. †Entoxychirus Gill 1862
G. †Lepidorhinus Bonaparte 1845
G. †Machephilus Johnson 1867
G. †Megasqualus Herman 1982
+
†Megasqualus orpiensis Winkler 1874
+
Invalid names: Biforisodus major Daimeries 1888 [synonym], Ginglymostoma trilobata Leriche 1902 [synonym]
G. †Microetmopterus Siverson 1993
+
†Microetmopterus wardi Siverson 1993
G. †Nasisqualus Smith 1912
G. †Paracentroscyllium Alcock 1899
G. †Protocentrophorus Adnet et al. 2008
+
†Protocentrophorus balticus Dalinkevičius 1935
†Protocentrophorus steviae Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Protosqualus Cappetta 1977
+
†Protosqualus albertsae Thies 1981
†Protosqualus barringtonensis Guinot et al. 2013
†Protosqualus glickmani Averianov 1997
†Protosqualus pachyrhiza Underwood and Mitchell 1999
†Protosqualus sigei Cappetta 1977
G. †Spinax Agassiz 1837
+
†Spinax ellipticus Henry 1876
†Spinax laevis Henry 1876
†Spinax major Agassiz 1837
G. Squalus Linnaeus 1758
+
Squalus acanthias Linnaeus 1758 [spiny dogfish]
†Squalus argentinensis Bogan et al. 2016
†Squalus ballingsloevensis Siverson 1993
†Squalus balsvikensis Siverson 1993
†Squalus cinereus Gmelin 1789
†Squalus crenatidens Arambourg 1952
†Squalus gabrielsoni Siverson 1993
†Squalus huntensis Case and Cappetta 1997
†Squalus minor Leriche 1902
+
Invalid names: Acanthias hennequini Daimeries 1888 [replaced]
†Squalus nicholsae Cappetta et al. 2019
Squalus perlo Bonnaterre 1788 [sharpnose sevengill shark]
†Squalus serriculus Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Squalus stehlini Leriche 1938
†Squalus suckleyi Girard 1854
†Squalus vondermarcki Müller and Schöllmann 1989
†Squalus weltoni Long 1992
†Squalus woodburnei Long 1992
†Squalus worlandensis Case 1987
Invalid names: Acanthias Leach 1818 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Dalatiinae Gray 1851 [empty], Spinacidae [synonym], Squalinae Bonaparte 1834 [empty]
G. †Squalogaleus Maisey 1976
+
†Squalogaleus woodwardi Maisey 1976
Invalid names: Dalatioidea Carvalho 1996 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Squatiniformes Buen 1926
+
Fm. †Pseudorhinidae Klug and Kriwet 2012
+
G. †Pseudorhina Jaekel 1898
+
†Pseudorhina alifera Münster 1842
†Pseudorhina crocheti Guinot et al. 2014
Fm. Squatinidae Bonaparte 1838 [angel shark]
+
G. †Cretasquatina Maisey et al. 2020
+
†Cretasquatina americana Maisey et al. 2020
G. †Squalraia De la Pylaie 1835
G. †Squatina Dumeril 1806
+
Subg. †Squatina (Cretascyllium) Müller and Diedrich 1991
Subg. Squatina (Squatina) Dumeril 1805
†Squatina angeloides Van Beneden 1873
†Squatina baumbergensis von der Marck 1885
†Squatina biforis Le Hon 1871
†Squatina crassa Daimeries 1889
†Squatina crassidens Woodward 1889
Squatina dumeril Lesueur 1818
†Squatina frequens Underwood 2002
†Squatina gippslandicus Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Squatina lerichei Jordan and Beal 1910
†Squatina muelleri Reuss 1846
†Squatina occidentalis Eastman 1904
†Squatina prima Winkler 1874
+
Invalid names: Rhina winkleri Daimeries 1888 [synonym], Squatina gaudryi Priem 1902 [synonym]
†Squatina speciosa von Meyer 1856
†Squatina squatina Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Hexanchida [empty]
G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Thrinacodontidae Grogan and Lund 2008
+
G. †Thrinacoselache Grogan and Lund 2008
+
†Thrinacoselache gracia Grogan and Lund 2008
G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997
+
Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964
+
G. †Anodontacanthus Davis 1881
Fm. †Orthacanthidae Heyler and Poplin 1989
+
G. †Orthacanthus Agassiz 1843
+
†Orthacanthus adamas Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Orthacanthus gracilis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus buxieri Heyler and Poplin 1989
†Orthacanthus compressus Newberry 1856
+
Invalid names: Diplodus latus Newberry 1856 [synonym], Diplodus penetrans Dawson 1868 [synonym]
†Orthacanthus donnelljohnsi Johnson and Thayer 2009
†Orthacanthus gibbosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus gracilis Giebel 1848
†Orthacanthus lintonensis Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Diplodus gracilis Newberry 1856 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus milleri Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus minor Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus pustulosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus texensis Cope 1888
Invalid names: Chilodus Giebel 1847 [synonym], Didymodus Cope 1883 [synonym], Diplodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Dittodus Owen 1867 [synonym], Giebelodus Whitley 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010 [empty], Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orthacodus Woodward 1889 [nomen dubium], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Sphenodus Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Sphenodus plana Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available