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Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulate)

Mammalia

Taxonomy
Artiodactyla was named by Owen (1848) [Owen does not give a rank in his original description of Artiodactyla.]. It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Artiodactyla by Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Hay (1902), Andrews (1906) and Lambe (1908); it was synonymized subjectively with Cetartiodactyla by Waddell et al. (1999), Ursing et al. (2000), Boisserie et al. (2005) and Boisserie et al. (2011); it was reranked as the unranked clade Artiodactyla by Gadow (1898), McKenna (1975), Hooker (1986), Prothero and Liter (2008), Prothero (2008), Spaulding et al. (2009), Morgan et al. (2009), Uhen et al. (2011), Rose et al. (2020) and Carbot-Chanona et al. (2023).

It was assigned to Diplarthra by Cope (1889); to Ungulata by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Gadow (1898), Hay (1902) and Lambe (1908); to Paraxonia by Gregory (1910); to Ungulata by Thorpe (1937); to Eparctocyona by McKenna (1975); to Eutheria by Hooker (1986); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Ungulata by Owen (1848), Flower (1883), Andrews (1906) and Archibald (1998); to Cetartiodactyla by Montgelard et al. (1997) and Thewissen et al. (2001); to Artiodactylamorpha by Spaulding et al. (2009); to Mammalia by Uhen et al. (2011); to Eutheria by Vianey-Liaud et al. (2014); to Euungulata by Asher and Helgen (2010) and Rose et al. (2020); and to Mammalia by Leidy (1873), Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969), Hamilton (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Stuenes (1989), Shoshani et al. (1989), Lucas et al. (1998), Weston (2000), Boisserie et al. (2003), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Boisserie (2005), Ferrusquía-Villafranca (2006), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), Prothero and Liter (2008), Prothero (2008), Morgan et al. (2009), Lander and Lindsay (2011), Koufos (2020) and Carbot-Chanona et al. (2023).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1848Artiodactyla Owen p. 131
1873Artiodactyla Leidy p. 317
1883Artiodactyla Flower p. 184
1889Artiodactyla Cope p. 876
1891Artiodactyla Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1898Artiodactyla Gadow p. 48
1902Artiodactyla Hay p. 647
1906Artiodactyla Andrews p. 178
1908Artiodactyla Lambe
1910Artiodactyla Gregory p. 466
1937Artiodactyla Thorpe p. 31
1969Artiodactyla Ferrusquia-Villafranca
1975Artiodactyla McKenna p. 43
1978Artiodactyla Hamilton p. 168
1981Artiodactyla Thurmond and Jones p. 187
1986Artiodactyla Hooker p. 376
1988Artiodactyla Carroll
1989Artiodactyla Shoshani et al. p. 436
1989Artiodactyla Stuenes p. 243
1991Artiodactyla Nowak
1997Cetartiodactyla Montgelard et al.
1997Artiodactyla Montgelard et al. p. 555
1997Cetartiodactyla Montgelard et al. p. 556
1998Artiodactyla Archibald
1998Artiodactyla Lucas et al. p. 426
1999Cetartiodactyla Waddell et al. p. 3
2000Artiodactyla Weston p. 177
2001Cetartiodactyla Madsen et al. p. 610
2001Artiodactyla Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2001Cetartiodactyla Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2001Cetartiodactyla Waddell et al. p. 148
2003Artiodactyla Boisserie et al. p. 16
2004Cetartiodactyla Uhen p. 11
2005Artiodactyla Boisserie p. 12
2005Artiodactyla Wilson and Reeder
2006Artiodactyla Ferrusquía-Villafranca p. 993
2006Artiodactyla Hulbert and Whitmore p. 6
2008Cetartiodactyla Bisconti p. 162
2008Artiodactyla Prothero
2008Artiodactyla Prothero and Liter
2009Artiodactyla Morgan et al.
2009Artiodactyla Spaulding et al.
2010Artiodactyla Asher and Helgen p. 3
2010Cetartiodactyla Weston and Boisserie p. 853
2011Artiodactyla Lander and Lindsay p. 221
2011Artiodactyla Uhen et al. p. 957
2014Artiodactyla Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 606
2020Cetartiodactyla Bisconti and Bosselaers p. 8
2020Artiodactyla Koufos
2020Artiodactyla Rose et al. p. 101 figs. Fig. 81
2023Artiodactyla Carbot-Chanona et al. p. 4

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
RankNameAuthor
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Artiodactyla()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Artiodactyla Owen 1848 [even-toed ungulate]
show all | hide all
Subfm. †Antiacodontinae
+
G. †Sarcolemur Cope 1875
Superfm. †Cainotherioidea Camp and VanDerHoof 1940
+
Fm. †Cainotheriidae Cope 1881
+
Subfm. †Cainotheriinae Camp and VanderHoof 1940
+
G. †Caenomeryx Hürzeler 1936
+
†Caenomeryx filholi Lydekker 1885
†Caenomeryx procommunis Filhol 1877
G. †Cainotherium Bravard 1828
+
†Cainotherium bavaricum Berger 1959
†Cainotherium commune Bravard 1835
†Cainotherium huerzeleri Heizmann 1983
†Cainotherium laticurvatum Geoffroy 1833
+
Invalid names: Caenotherium commune Bravard 1835 [synonym], Caenotherium concinnum Meyer 1843 [synonym], Caenotherium cournonense Blainville 1849 [synonym], Caenotherium elegans Pomel 1847 [synonym], Caenotherium geoffroyi Pomel 1851 [synonym], Caenotherium leptognathum Leizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Caenotherium leptorhynchum Pomel 1846 [synonym], Caenotherium medium Blainville 1849 [synonym], Caenotherium metopias Pomel 1851 [synonym], Caenotherium minimum Bravard 1835 [synonym], Caenotherium nouleti Lartet 1851 [synonym]
†Cainotherium lintillae Baudelot and Crouzel 1974
†Cainotherium miocaenicum Crusafont-Pairo 1955
†Cainotherium renggeri Meyer 1837
Invalid names: Caenotherium Agassiz 1846 [objective synonym], Crinotherium Filhol 1882 [synonym]
G. †Plesiomeryx Gervais
+
†Plesiomeryx cadurcensis Gervais 1873
†Plesiomeryx huerzeleri Berger 1959
G. †Procaenotherium Hürzeler 1936
Subfm. †Oxacroninae Hurzeler 1936
+
G. †Oxacron Filhol
+
†Oxacron courtoisi Gervais 1848
†Oxacron quinquedentatus Filhol 1877
G. †Paroxacron Hürzeler 1936
+
†Paroxacron bergeri Heissig 1978
†Paroxacron valdense Stehlin 1906
G. †Palembertina Weppe et al. 2020
+
†Palembertina deplasi Weppe et al. 2020
Fm. †Robiacinidae Weppe et al. 2019
+
G. †Robiacina Sudre 1969
+
†Robiacina lavergnensis Sudre 1977
†Robiacina minuta Sudre 1969
†Robiacina quercyi Sudre 1977
†Robiacina weidmanni Sudre 1978
Superfm. †Choeropotamoidea
+
Fm. †Choeropotamidae Owen 1845
+
G. †Amphirhagatherium Deperet 1908
+
†Amphirhagatherium edwardsi Hooker and Thomas 2001
†Amphirhagatherium neumarkensis Erfurt and Haubold 1989
G. †Anthracobunodon Heller 1934
+
†Anthracobunodon neumarkensis Erfurt and Haubold 1989
G. †Choeropotamus Desmarest 1822
+
†Choeropotamus affinis Gervais 1852
†Choeropotamus depereti Stehlin 1908
†Choeropotamus sudrei Casanovas-Cladellas 1975
G. †Cuisitherium Sudre et al. 1983
+
†Cuisitherium lydekkeri Lemoine 1891
G. †Diplopus Kowalewsky 1873
+
†Diplopus aymardi Kowalevsky 1873
G. †Hallebune Erfurt and Sudre 1995
+
†Hallebune krumbiegeli Erfurt and Sudre 1995
G. †Haplobunodon Deperet 1908
+
†Haplobunodon lydekkeri Stehlin 1908
†Haplobunodon muelleri Rutimeyer 1862
†Haplobunodon solodurense Stehlin 1908
†Haplobunodon venatorum Hooker 1986
G. †Lophiobunodon Deperet 1908
+
†Lophiobunodon hookeri Godinot et al. 2018
†Lophiobunodon rhodanicum Deperet 1908
G. †Masilabune Tobien 1980
+
†Masillabune franzeni Erfurt and Haubold 1989
†Masillabune martini Tobien 1980
G. †Rhagatherium Pictet 1857
+
†Rhagatherium kowalevskyi Stehlin 1908
†Rhagatherium valdense Pictet 1857
G. †Thaumastognathus Trouessart 1898
+
†Thaumastognathus quercyi Filhol 1890
Fm. †Climacoceratidae Hamilton 1978
+
G. †Climacoceras MacInnes 1936
+
†Climacoceras africanus MacInnes 1936
†Climacoceras gentryi Hamilton 1978
G. †Prolibytherium Arambourg 1961
+
†Prolibytherium fusus Danowitz et al. 2016
†Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg 1961
Invalid names: Climacoceratinae Hamilton 1978 [empty], Sperrgebietomerycinae Morales et al. 1999 [empty]
Fm. †Diacodexeidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
+
G. †Bunophorus Sinclair 1914
+
†Bunophorus etsagicus Cope 1882
†Bunophorus grangeri Sinclair 1914
+
Invalid names: Wasatchia dorseyana Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Wasatchia lysitensis Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
†Bunophorus pattersoni Krishtalka and Stucky 1986
†Bunophorus robustus Sinclair 1914
†Bunophorus sinclairi Guthrie 1966
+
†Bunophorus sinclairi robinsoni Stucky and Krishtalka 1990
Invalid names: Bunophorus gazini Guthrie 1971 [synonym]
G. †Diacodexis Cope 1882
+
†Diacodexis antunesi Estravís and Russell 1989
†Diacodexis corsaensis Checa 2004
†Diacodexis gazini Godinot 1978
†Diacodexis gigasei Smith 1996
†Diacodexis gracilis Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
†Diacodexis ilicis Gingerich 1989
†Diacodexis indicus Bajpai et al. 2005
†Diacodexis kelleyi Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
†Diacodexis metsiacus Cope 1882
†Diacodexis minutus Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
†Diacodexis morrisi Hooker 2010
†Diacodexis parvus Kumar et al. 2010
†Diacodexis primus Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
†Diacodexis secans Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Diacodexis laticuneus Cope 1882 [synonym], Diacodexis olseni Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Mioclaenus brachystomus Cope 1882 [synonym]
†Diacodexis varleti Sudre 1983
Invalid names: Trigonolestes Cope 1894 [synonym], Wasatchia Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
G. †Gujaratia Bajpai et al. 2005
+
†Gujaratia pakistanensis Thewissen et al. 1983
G. †Jiangsudon Metais et al. 2008
+
†Jiangsudon shanghuangensis Metais et al. 2008
G. †Magwetherium Ducrocq et al. 2016
+
†Magwetherium burmense Ducrocq et al. 2016
G. †Neodiacodexis West and Atkins 1970
+
†Neodiacodexis emryi West and Atkins 1970
G. †Simpsonodus Krishtalka and Stucky 1986
+
†Simpsonodus chacensis Cope 1875
G. †Tapochoerus McKenna 1959
+
†Tapochoerus egressus Stock 1934
†Tapochoerus mcmillini Walsh 2000
Invalid names: Bunophorinae Stucky and Krishtalka 1990 [empty]
Superfm. †Dichobunoidea Gill 1872
+
G. †Acoessus Cope 1881
Fm. †Cebochoeridae Lydekker
+
G. †Acotherulum Gervais 1850
+
†Acotherulum campichii Pictet 1855
†Acotherulum pumilum Stehlin 1908
†Acotherulum quercyi Stehlin 1908
†Acotherulum saturninum Gervais 1850
G. †Cebochoerus Gervais 1852
+
†Cebochoerus anceps Gervais 1852
†Cebochoerus fontensis Sudre 1978
†Cebochoerus helveticus Pictet and Humbert 1869
†Cebochoerus lacustris Gervais 1856
†Cebochoerus robiacensis Deperet 1917
†Cebochoerus ruetimeyeri Stehlin 1908
+
Invalid names: Choeromorus jurensis Stehlin 1908 [synonym]
G. †Choeromorus Gervais 1848
G. †Gervachoerus Sudre 1978
+
†Gervachoerus dawsoni Sudre 1978
†Gervachoerus jaegeri Sudre 1978
†Gervachoerus minor Gervais 1876
†Gervachoerus suillus Gervais 1859
G. †Moiachoerus Golpe-Posse 1972
+
†Moiachoerus simpsoni Golpe-Posse 1972
Fm. †Dichobunidae Gill 1872
+
G. †Aksyiria Gabunia 1973
+
†Aksyiria oligostus Gabunia 1973
G. †Cadutherium Métais et al. 2007
+
†Cadutherium kyaukmagyi Métais et al. 2007
G. †Chorlakkia Gingerich et al. 1979
+
†Chorlakkia hassani Gingerich et al. 1979
†Chorlakkia valerii Vislobokova 2004
Subfm. †Dichobuninae Turner 1849
+
G. †Aumelasia Sudre 1980
+
†Aumelasia gabineaudi Sudre 1980
†Aumelasia maniai Erfurt and Haubold 1989
†Aumelasia menieli Sudre 1983
†Aumelasia sudrei Godinot et al. 2018
G. †Buxobune Sudre 1978
+
†Buxobune daubreei Sudre 1978
G. †Dichobune Cuvier 1822
+
†Dichobune fraasi Schlosser 1902
†Dichobune jehennei Brunet and Sudre 1980
†Dichobune leporina Cuvier 1822
†Dichobune robertiana Gervais 1848
†Dichobune sigei Sudre 1978
G. †Meniscodon Rütimeyer 1888
+
†Meniscodon europaeum Rutimeyer 1888
†Meniscodon picteti Rutimeyer 1891
G. †Messelobunodon Franzen 1980
+
†Messelobunodon ceciliensis Franzen and Krumbiegel 1980
†Messelobunodon schaeferi Franzen 1980
G. †Metriotherium Filhol 1882
+
†Metriotherium mirabile Filhol 1882
†Metriotherium paulum Stehlin 1906
†Metriotherium sarelense Astruc et al. 2003
G. †Neufferia Franzen 1994
+
†Neufferia manderscheidi Franzen 1994
G. †Protodichobune Lemoine 1891
+
†Protodichobune hellmundi Godinot et al. 2018
†Protodichobune oweni Lemoine 1878
G. †Synaphodus Pomel 1848
+
Invalid names: Dichobunini Turner 1849 [empty]
G. †Dulcidon Van Valen 1965
+
†Dulcidon gandaensis Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Subfm. †Eurodexeinae Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
G. †Eurodexis Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
†Eurodexis ceciliensis Franzen and Krumbiegel 1980
†Eurodexis russelli Sudre and Erfurt 1996
G. †Eygalayodon Sudre and Marandat 1993
+
†Eygalayodon montenati Sudre and Marandat 1993
G. †Lutzia Franzen 1994
+
†Lutzia eckfeldensis Franzen 1994
G. †Parahexacodus Erfurt and Sudre 1996
+
†Parahexacodus germanicus Erfurt and Sudre 1996
G. †Haqueina Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
+
†Haqueina haichinensis Vislobokova 2004
Subfm. †Helohyinae Marsh 1877
+
G. †Apriculus Gazin 1956
+
†Apriculus praeteritus Gazin 1956
Subfm. †Hyperdichobuninae Gentry and Hooker 1988
+
G. †Hyperdichobune Stehlin 1910
+
†Hyperdichobune hammeli Sudre 1978
†Hyperdichobune langi Rutimeyer 1891
†Hyperdichobune nobilis Stehlin 1906
†Hyperdichobune spinifera Stehlin 1906
G. †Mouillacitherium Filhol 1882
+
†Mouillacitherium carteri Rutimeyer 1891
†Mouillacitherium cartieri Rutimeyer 1891
†Mouillacitherium elegans Filhol 1882
Subfm. †Lantianiinae Metais et al. 2004
+
G. †Elaschitotherium Metais et al. 2004
+
†Elaschitotherium crepaturus Metais et al. 2008
†Elaschitotherium qii Metais et al. 2004
G. †Eolantianius Averianov 1996
+
†Eolantianius russelli Averianov 1996
G. †Lantianius Chow 1964
+
†Lantianius xiehuensis Chow 1964
G. †Neochorlakkia Ducrocq et al. 2022
+
†Neochorlakkia myaingensis Ducrocq et al. 2022
G. †Pakibune Thewissen et al. 1987
+
†Pakibune chorlakkiensis Thewissen et al. 1987
G. †Paraphenacodus Gabunia 1971
+
†Paraphenacodus solivagus Gabunia 1971
G. †Wutuhyus Tong and Wang 2006
+
†Wutuhyus primiveris Tong and Wang 2006
Invalid names: Diacodexinae Gazin 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Helohyidae Marsh 1877
+
G. †Achaenodon Cope 1873
+
†Achaenodon fremdi Lucas et al. 2004
†Achaenodon insolens Cope 1873
†Achaenodon robustus Osborn 1883
†Achaenodon uintense Osborn 1895
Invalid names: Protelotherium Osborn 1895 [synonym]
G. †Archaenodon Cope 1873
+
†Archaenodon insolens Cope 1873
G. †Discritochoerus Gazin 1956
+
G. †Dyscritochoerus Gazin 1956
+
G. †Gobiohyus Matthew and Granger 1925
+
†Gobiohyus orientalis Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus pressidens Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus reshetovi Vislobokova 2004
†Gobiohyus robustus Matthew and Granger 1925
†Gobiohyus yuanchuensis Young 1937
G. †Heliosus Burger and Jolley 2020
+
†Heliosus apophis Burger and Jolley 2020
G. †Helohyus Marsh 1872
+
†Helohyus lentus Marsh 1871
+
Invalid names: Parahyus aberrans Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Helohyus milleri Sinclair 1914
+
Invalid names: Lophiohyus alticeps Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
†Helohyus plicodon Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Thinotherium validum Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ithygrammodon cameloides Osborn et al. 1878 [nomen dubium], Lophiohyus Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Thinotherium Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinotherium Cope 1870 [synonym]
G. †Ithygrammodon Osborn et al. 1878
G. †Lophiohys
G. †Pakkokuhyus Holroyd and Ciochon 1995
+
†Pakkokuhyus lahirii Pilgrim 1928
+
Invalid names: Siamotherium pondaungensis Ducroq and Soe 2000 [synonym]
G. †Parahyus Marsh 1876
+
†Parahyus vagus Marsh 1876
G. †Progenitohyus Ducrocq et al. 1997
+
†Progenitohyus thailandicus Ducrocq et al. 1997
Fm. †Homacodontidae Marsh 1849
+
G. †Antiacodon Marsh 1872
+
†Antiacodon crassus Cope 1875
†Antiacodon furcatus Cope 1873
†Antiacodon pygmaeus Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Nanomeryx caudatus Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Antiacodon vanvaleni Guthrie 1971
†Antiacodon venustus Marsh 1872
Invalid names: Nanomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Sarcolemur bicuspis Loomis 1907 [nomen nudum]
G. †Asiohomacodon Tsubamoto et al. 2003
+
†Asiohomacodon myanmarensis Tsubamoto et al. 2003
G. †Auxontodon Gazin 1958
+
†Auxontodon pattersoni Gazin 1958
†Auxontodon processus Storer 1984
G. †Bunomeryx Wortman 1898
+
†Bunomeryx montanus Wortman 1898
+
Invalid names: Bunomeryx elegans Wortman 1898 [synonym]
G. †Gagadon Stucky and Covert 2014
+
†Gagadon minimonstrum Stucky and Covert 2014
G. †Hexacodus Gazin 1952
+
†Hexacodus pelodes Gazin 1952
†Hexacodus uintensis Gazin 1952
G. †Homacodon Marsh 1872
+
†Homacodon priscus Marsh 1894
†Homacodon pucillus Marsh 1894
†Homacodon vagans Marsh 1872
G. †Hylomeryx Peterson 1919
+
†Hylomeryx annectens Peterson 1919
†Hylomeryx quadricuspis Peterson 1919
Invalid names: Sphenomeryx Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Limeryx Metais et al. 2005
+
†Limeryx chimaera Metais et al. 2005
G. †Mesomeryx Peterson 1919
+
†Mesomeryx grangeri Peterson 1919
G. †Microsus Leidy 1870
+
†Microsus cuspidatus Leidy 1870
G. †Mytonomeryx Gazin 1955
+
†Mytonomeryx scotti Gazin 1955
G. †Pentacemylus Peterson 1932
+
†Pentacemylus leotensis Gazin 1955
†Pentacemylus progressus Peterson 1932
G. †Texodon West 1982
+
†Texodon meridianus West 1982
G. †Tsaganohyus Kondrashov et al. 2004
+
†Tsaganohyus pecus Kondrashov et al. 2004
Invalid names: Bunomerycini Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Homacodontini Marsh 1894 [empty]
Fm. †Leptochoeridae Marsh 1894
+
G. †Ibarus Storer 1984
+
†Ibarus ignotus Storer 1984
G. †Laredochoerus Westgate 1994
+
†Laredochoerus edwardsi Westgate 1994
G. †Leptochoerus Leidy 1856
+
†Leptochoerus elegans Macdonald 1955
+
Invalid names: Nanochoerus scotti Macdonald 1955 [synonym]
†Leptochoerus emilyae Edwards 1976
+
Invalid names: Laopithecus robustus Marsh 1875 [synonym], Leptochoerus gracilis Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Leptochoerus supremus Macdonald 1955
Invalid names: Laopithecus Marsh 1875 [synonym]
G. †Stibarus Cope 1873
+
†Stibarus montanus Matthew 1903
†Stibarus obtusilobus Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Stibarus lemurinus Cope 1874 [synonym]
†Stibarus quadricuspis Hatcher 1901
+
Invalid names: Stibarus loomisi Scott 1940 [synonym]
†Stibarus yoderensis Macdonald 1955
Invalid names: Menotherium Cope 1874 [synonym], Nanochoerus Macdonald 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diacodexis woltonensis Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Mixtotheriidae Pearson 1927
+
G. †Mixtotherium Filhol 1880
+
†Mixtotherium cuspidatum Filhol 1880
†Mixtotherium depressum Filhol 1884
†Mixtotherium gresslyi Rutimeyer 1891
†Mixtotherium infans Stehlin 1910
†Mixtotherium leenhardti Stehlin 1908
†Mixtotherium priscum Stehlin 1908
†Mixtotherium quercyi Filhol 1884
Fm. †Raoellidae Sahni et al. 1981
+
G. †Indohyus Ranga Rao 1971
+
†Indohyus indirae Ranga Rao 1971
+
Invalid names: Haqueina haquei Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 [synonym], Indohyus kalakotensis Ranga Rao 1971 [synonym], Kunmunella rajauriensis Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym], Kunmunella transversa Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Metkatius kashmiriensis Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Raoella dograi Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym]
†Indohyus major Thewissen et al. 1987
Invalid names: Kunmunella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym], Metkatius Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Raoella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym]
G. †Khirtharia Pilgrim 1940
+
†Khirtharia aurea Thewissen et al. 2001
†Khirtharia dayi Pilgrim 1940
†Khirtharia inflatus Ranga Rao 1972
Invalid names: Bunodentus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
G. †Rajouria Rana et al. 2021
+
†Rajouria gunnelli Rana et al. 2021
G. †Eolantianus Averianov 1996
+
†Eolantianus russelli Averianov 1996
G. †Erlianhyus Li and Li 2022
+
†Erlianhyus primitivus Li and Li 2022
G. †Hsanotherium Ducrocq et al. 2000
+
†Hsanotherium parvum Ducrocq et al. 2000
G. †Myanmarius Tsubamoto et al. 2013
+
†Myanmarius chitseini Tsubamoto et al. 2013
Subor. Omnivora
+
G. †Hadrohyus Leidy 1872
+
†Hadrohyus supremus Leidy 1872
G. †Raphenacodus Gabunia 1971
Unr. Ruminantiamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
+
Fm. †Protoceratidae Marsh 1891 [protoceratid]
+
G. †Calops Marsh 1894
+
†Calops consors Marsh 1897
†Calops cristatus Marsh 1894
G. †Heteromeryx Matthew 1905
+
†Heteromeryx dispar Matthew 1905
G. †Leptoreodon Wortman 1898
+
†Leptoreodon edwardsi Stock 1936
†Leptoreodon golzi Ludtke and Prothero 2004
†Leptoreodon major Golz 1976
†Leptoreodon marshi Wortman 1898
+
Invalid names: Camelomeryx longiceps Scott 1898 [synonym], Merycodesmus gracilis Scott 1898 [synonym]
†Leptoreodon pusillus Golz 1976
†Leptoreodon stocki Kelly 1990
Invalid names: Camelomeryx Scott 1898 [synonym], Leptoreodon (Hesperomeryx) Stock 1936 [invalid subgroup], Merycodesmus Scott 1898 [synonym]
G. †Leptotragulus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
†Leptotragulus clarki Gazin 1955
†Leptotragulus medius Peterson 1919
†Leptotragulus proavus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Parameryx laevis Marsh 1894 [synonym], Parameryx sulcatus Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Leptotragulus ultimus Schlaikjer 1935
Invalid names: Parameryx Marsh 1894 [synonym]
G. †Poabromylus Peterson 1932
+
†Poabromylus golzi Black 1978
†Poabromylus kayi Peterson 1932
†Poabromylus robustus Stock 1949
Subfm. †Protoceratinae
+
G. †Paratoceras Frick 1937
+
†Paratoceras coatesi Rincón et al. 2015
†Paratoceras macadamsi Frick 1937
†Paratoceras orarius Rincón et al. 2015
†Paratoceras tedfordi Webb et al. 2003
†Paratoceras wardi Patton and Taylor 1973
G. †Protoceras Marsh 1891
+
†Protoceras celer Marsh 1891
†Protoceras comptus Marsh 1894
†Protoceras nasutus Marsh 1897
†Protoceras neatodelpha Patton and Taylor 1973
†Protoceras skinneri Patton and Taylor 1973
G. †Pseudoprotoceras Cook 1934
+
†Pseudoprotoceras minor Wilson 1974
†Pseudoprotoceras taylori Emry and Storer 1981
Subfm. †Synthetoceratinae Frick 1937
+
Tr. †Kyptoceratini Webb 1981
+
G. †Kyptoceras Webb 1981
G. †Syndyoceras Barbour 1905
G. †Synthetoceras Stirton 1932
+
†Synthetoceras davisorum Hulbert and Whitmore 2006
†Synthetoceras tricornatus Stirton 1932
Tr. †Synthetoceratini Webb 1981
+
G. †Lambdoceras Stirton 1967
G. †Prosynthetoceras Frick 1937
G. †Toromeryx Wilson 1974
+
†Toromeryx marginensis Wilson 1974
G. †Trigenicus Douglass 1903
+
†Trigenicus profectus Matthew 1903
+
Invalid names: Trigenicus socialis Douglass 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Leptotragulinae [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Ruminantia Scopoli 1777 [ruminant]
+
Fm. †Agriochoeridae Leidy 1869 [agriochoerid]
+
G. †Agriochoerus Leidy 1850
+
†Agriochoerus antiquus Leidy 1850
+
Invalid names: Agriochoerus latifrons Leidy 1869 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus gaudryi Osborn and Wortman 1893
+
Invalid names: Agriomeryx migrans Marsh 1894 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Agriochoerus bullatus Thorpe 1921 [synonym], Agriochoerus trifrons Cope 1884 [synonym], Coloreodon ferox Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon macrocephalus Cope 1879 [synonym], Coloreodon ryderanus Cope 1881 [synonym]
†Agriochoerus major Leidy 1856
†Agriochoerus maximus Douglass 1902
Invalid names: Agriomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Artionyx Osborn and Wortman 1893 [synonym], Coloreodon Cope 1879 [synonym], Eomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Merycopater Cope 1879 [synonym]
G. †Diplobunops Peterson 1919
+
†Diplobunops crassus Scott 1945
†Diplobunops kardoula Emery et al. 2016
†Diplobunops matthewi Peterson 1919
+
Invalid names: Diplobunops leotensis Scott 1945 [synonym], Diplobunops uintensis Peterson 1931 [synonym], Diplobunops ultimus Peterson 1931 [synonym], Protoreodon pearcei Gazin 1956 [synonym]
†Diplobunops vanhouteni Gazin 1955
G. †Protoreodon Scott and Osborn 1887
+
†Protoreodon minimus Douglass 1902
†Protoreodon minor Scott 1899
†Protoreodon pacificus Golz 1976
†Protoreodon parvus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Agriotherium paradoxicus Scott 1898 [synonym], Hyomeryx breviceps Marsh 1894 [synonym]
†Protoreodon petersoni Gazin 1955
†Protoreodon pumilus Marsh 1875
+
Invalid names: Mesagriochoerus primus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus annectens Scott 1899 [synonym], Protoreodon medius Peterson 1919 [synonym], Protoreodon tardus Scott 1945 [synonym]
†Protoreodon walshi Theodor 1999
Invalid names: Agriotherium Scott 1898 [synonym], Chorotherium Berg 1899 [synonym], Hyomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym], Mesagriochoerus Peterson 1934 [synonym], Protagriochoerus Scott 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriochoerinae Cope 1884 [empty], Protoreodontinae Scott 1890 [empty]
Fm. †Andegamerycidae Ginsburg and Morales 1989
+
G. †Andegameryx Ginsburg 1971
G. †Delahomeryx Stevens et al. 1969
+
†Delahomeryx browni Stevens et al. 1969
G. †Krabitherium Métais et al. 2007
+
†Krabitherium waileki Métais et al. 2007
G. †Merycotherium Bojanus 1834
G. †Mosaicomeryx Mennecart and Métais 2015
+
†Mosaicomeryx quercyi Jehenne 1987
G. †Paalitherium Métais et al. 2017
+
†Paalitherium gurki Métais et al. 2017
G. †Palaeohypsodontus Trofimov 1958
+
†Palaeohypsodontus asiaticus Trofimov 1958
†Palaeohypsodontus zinensis Métais et al. 2003
Unr. Pecora Linnaeus 1758
+
Fm. Antilocapridae Gray 1866 [pronghorn]
+
G. Antilocapra Ord 1818 [pronghorn]
Subfm. †Antilocaprinae Gray 1866
G. †Hayoceros Skinner 1942
G. †Hexameryx White 1941
G. †Ilingoceros Merriam 1909
G. †Merriamoceros Frick 1937
Subfm. †Merycodontinae Matthew 1904
G. †Merycodus Leidy 1854
+
Invalid names: Dicrocerus Cope 1875 [synonym], Meryceros Frick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Paracosoryx Frick 1937
G. †Plioceros Frick 1937
G. †Submeryceros Frick 1937
G. †Texoceros Frick 1937
Invalid names: Cosorycinae Frick 1937 [empty], Ramocerotinae Frick 1937 [empty]
G. †Babameryx Mennecart et al. 2012
+
†Babameryx engesseri Mennecart et al. 2012
Superfm. Bovoidea Gray 1821
+
G. †Amphimoschus Gray 1852
Fm. Bovidae Gray 1821 [antelope]
Fm. Moschidae Gray 1821 [musk deer]
G. †Bugtimeryx Ginsburg et al. 2001
Fm. Camelopardalidae Bonaparte 1850
+
Invalid names: Sivatheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty]
Superfm. †Cervoidea
+
G. †Amphiprox Kaup 1839
G. †Boreameryx Dawson and Harington 2007
Fm. Cervidae Gray 1821 [deer]
Fm. †Dromomerycidae Frick 1937
Fm. Lagomerycidae Pilgrim 1941
Superfm. Giraffomorpha Sánchez et al. 2015
+
Fm. Giraffidae Gray 1821 [giraffe]
Fm. †Palaeomerycidae Lydekker 1883
Fm. †Leptomerycidae Zittel 1893
+
G. †Hendryomeryx Black 1978
+
Invalid names: Hidrosotherium Wilson 1974 [synonym]
G. †Leptomeryx Leidy 1853
+
Invalid names: Trimerodus Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Pipestoneia Tabrum and Métais 2007
G. †Pronodens Koerner 1940
G. †Pseudoparablastomeryx Frick 1937
G. †Santuccimeryx Shreero et al. 2023 [tiny deer]
G. †Namibiomeryx Morales 1995
+
†Namibiomeryx senuti Morales 1995
G. †Orangemeryx Morales et al. 1999
+
†Orangemeryx hendeyi Morales et al. 1999
G. †Propalaeoryx Stromer 1926
+
†Propalaeoryx nyanzae Whitworth 1958
G. †Sperrgebietomeryx Morales et al. 1999
+
†Sperrgebietomeryx wardi Morales et al. 1999
G. †Walangania Whitworth 1958
+
†Walangania africanus Whitworth 1958
†Walangania gracilis Whitworth 1958
Invalid names: Prodremotheridae Guo et al. 1999 [empty]
G. †Prodremotherium Filhol 1877
+
†Prodremotherium beatrix Pilgrim 1912
†Prodremotherium flerowi Trofimov 1957
†Prodremotherium trepidum Gabunia 1964
G. †Sanitherium von Meyer 1866
+
†Sanitherium cingulatum Pilgrim 1926
†Sanitherium masticum Paraskevaidis 1940
†Sanitherium nadiurum Wilkinson 1976
†Sanitherium schlagintweiti von Meyer 1866
+
Invalid names: Sus pusillus Falconer 1868 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diamantohyus Stromer 1926 [synonym], Xenochoerus Zdarsky 1909 [synonym]
G. †Thandaungia Métais 2006
+
†Thandaungia tinti Métais 2006
Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883
+
Superfm. †Hypertraguloidea Scott 1940
+
Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
Fm. †Praetragulidae Vislobokova 2001
Superfm. †Traguloidea
+
Fm. †Archaeomerycidae Simpson 1945
Fm. †Gelocidae Schlosser 1886
+
Invalid names: Bachitheriidae Janis 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophiomerycidae Janis 1987
Fm. Tragulidae Milnes-Edwards 1864 [chevrotain]
Invalid names: Anoplotheriadae Gray 1821 [empty], Giraffoidea Gray 1821 [empty], Hispanomerycidae Moya 1986 [empty]
Subor. Suiformes Jaeckel 1911
+
Invalid names: Anthracotherioidea Gill 1872 [empty], Palaeodonta Matthew [synonym]
Superfm. Suoidea Gray 1821
+
G. †Doliochoerus Filhol 1882
+
†Doliochoerus quercyi Filhol 1882
G. †Egatochoerus Ducrocq 1994
+
†Egatochoerus jaegeri Ducrocq 1994
G. †Odoichoerus Tong and Zhao 1986
+
†Odoichoerus uniconus Tong and Zhao 1986
G. †Palaeochoerus Pomel 1847
+
†Palaeochoerus gergovianus De Blainville 1846
†Palaeochoerus minus Gope Posse 1972
†Palaeochoerus pusilus Ginsburg 1974
†Palaeochoerus typus Pomel 1847
G. †Schizochoerus Crusafont-Pairo and Lavocat 1954
+
†Schizochoerus anatoliensis van der Made 1997
†Schizochoerus arambourgi Ozansoy 1965
†Schizochoerus sinapensis van der Made 1997
†Schizochoerus vallesiensis Crusafont and Lavocat 1954
Fm. Suidae Gray 1821 [pig]
+
Subfm. †Cainochoerinae Pickford 1995
+
G. †Albanohyus Ginsburg 1974
+
†Albanohyus castellensis Golpe Posse 1977
†Albanohyus pygmaeus Deperet 1892
G. †Cainochoerus Pickford 1988
G. †Dinochoerus Peterson 1905
G. †Eocenchoerus Liu 2001
+
G. †Eumaiochoerus Hurzeler 1982
+
†Eumaiochoerus etruscus Hurzeler 1982
G. †Gerontochoerus Leakey 1943
+
†Gerontochoerus scotti Leakey 1943
G. †Hemichoerus Filhol 1882
G. †Hippopotamodon Lydekker 1877
+
+
Invalid names: Dicoryphochoerus meteai Ozansoy 1965 [synonym]
†Hippopotamodon erymanthius Roth and Wagner 1854
Invalid names: Dicoryphochoerus Pilgrim 1926 [synonym], Limnostonyx Ginsburg 1988 [synonym]
G. †Hyosus Pilgrim 1926
Subfm. †Hyotheriinae Cope 1888
+
G. †Aureliachoerus Ginsburg 1974
+
G. †Chicochoerus Orliac et al. 2006
G. †Chleuastochoerus Pearson 1928
G. †Cleuastochoerus Pearson 1928
G. †Dubiotherium Hellmund 1992
+
G. †Hyotherium von Meyer 1834
+
†Hyotherium lacaeillei Orliac et al. 2006
†Hyotherium major Pomel 1847
†Hyotherium meissneri von Meyer 1850
†Hyotherium platyops Cope 1881
†Hyotherium shanwangense Liping et al. 2002
†Hyotherium soemmeringi von Meyer 1834
Invalid names: Hypotherium Ginsburg et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Sinapriculus Liping et al. 2002
+
†Sinapriculus linquensi Liping et al. 2002
G. †Xenohyus Ginsburg 1980
+
†Xenohyus venitor Ginsburg 1980
Subfm. †Kubanochoerinae Gabunia 1958
+
G. †Kenyasus Pickford 1986
+
†Kenyasus kirimunensis Pickford 2007
†Kenyasus namaquensis Pickford and Senut 1997
†Kenyasus rusingensis Pickford 1986
G. †Libycochoerus Arambourg 1961
+
†Libycochoerus anchidens Bishop 2010
G. †Megalochoerus Picford 1993
+
†Megalochoerus humongous Pickford 1993
†Megalochoerus khinzikebirus Wilkinson 1976
G. †Nguruwe Pickford 1986
+
†Nguruwe kijivium Pickford 1986
†Nguruwe namibensis Pickford 1986
G. †Kubanochoerus Gabunia 1955
+
†Kubanochoerus gigas Pearson 1928
†Kubanochoerus khinzikebirus Wilkinson 1976
†Kubanochoerus massai Arambourg 1961
Subfm. †Listriodontinae Simpson 1945
+
G. †Bunolistriodon Arambourg 1933
+
†Bunolistriodon minheensis Qiu et al. 1981
Invalid names: Eurolistriodon Pickford and Moya Sola 1995 [synonym]
G. †Listriodon von Meyer 1846
+
†Listriodon akatidogus Wilkinson 1976
†Listriodon akatikubas Wilkinson 1976
†Listriodon bartulensis Pickford 2001
†Listriodon bonaerensis Ameghino 1904
†Listriodon chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908
†Listriodon dukkar van der Made et al. 2022
†Listriodon jeanneli Arambourg 1943
†Listriodon juba Ginsburg 1977
†Listriodon lishanensis Lee and Wu 1978
†Listriodon lockharti Pomel 1848
†Listriodon pentapotamiae Falconer 1870
†Listriodon splendens von Meyer 1846
†Listriodon tarijensis Ameghino 1904
G. †Lopholistriodon Pickford and Wilkinson 1975
+
†Lopholistriodon kidogosana Pickford and Wilkinson 1975
†Lopholistriodon moruoroti Wilkinson 1976
†Lopholistriodon pickfordi Van der Made 1996
G. †Lophochoerus Pilgrim 1926
G. †Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald 1969
G. †Mesochoerus Shaw and Cooke 1941
+
†Mesochoerus hesseloni Leakey 1943
G. †Microstonyx Pilgrim 1926
+
†Microstonyx binxianensis Liu et al. 1978
†Microstonyx erymanthius Roth and Wagner 1854
†Microstonyx major Gervais 1848
Subfm. †Namachoerinae Pickford 1995
+
G. †Namachoerus Pickford 1995
Subfm. †Palaeochoerinae Matthew 1924
+
G. †Propalaeochoerus Stehlin 1899
+
†Propalaeochoerus pusillus Ginsburg 1974
G. †Yunnanochoerus van der Made and Han 1994
G. †Paradoxodonides Strand 1943
G. †Promesochoerus Leakey 1965
G. †Pronotochoerus Leakey 1943
+
†Pronotochoerus jacksoni Leakey 1943
Subfm. †Schizochoerinae Golpe Posse 1972
+
Invalid names: Taucanamini van der Made 1997 [empty]
Subfm. Suinae Gray 1821
+
G. Babyrousa Perry 1811 [babirusa]
+
Babyrousa babyrussa Linnaeus 1758
Tr. †Hippohyini Thenius 1970
+
G. †Hippohyus Falconer and Cautley 1847
G. †Sinohyus von Koenigswald 1963
G. †Sivahyus Pilgrim 1926
G. Hylochoerus Thomas 1904 [giant forest hog]
+
†Hylochoerus euilus Hopwood 1926
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas 1904 [giant forest hog]
G. †Kolpochoerus van Hoepen and van Hoepen 1932
+
†Kolpochoerus afarensis Cooke 1978
†Kolpochoerus cookei Brunet and White 2001
†Kolpochoerus denheinzelini Brunet and White 2001
†Kolpochoerus limnetes Hopwood 1926
†Kolpochoerus majus Hopwood 1934
†Kolpochoerus maroccanus Ennouchi 1953
†Kolpochoerus phillipi Souron et al. 2015
G. †Metridiochoerus Hopwood 1926
+
†Metridiochoerus andrewsi Hopwood 1926
†Metridiochoerus compactus Van Hoepen and Van Hoepen 1932
†Metridiochoerus hopwoodi Leakey 1958
†Metridiochoerus modestus van Hoepen and van Hoepen 1932
†Metridiochoerus shawi Dale 1948
Invalid names: Tapinochoerus van Hoepen and van Hoepen 1932 [synonym]
G. †Omochoerus Arambourg 1942
+
Tr. †Phacochoerini Gray 1868
+
G. †Potamochoeroides Dale 1948
G. †Stylochoerus van Hoepen and van Hoepen 1932
G. Phacochoerus Cuvier 1826 [warthog]
+
Phacochoerus aethiopicus Pallas 1766 [desert warthog]
Phacochoerus africanus Gmelin 1788 [common warthog]
G. Porcula Hodgson 1847 [pygmy hog]
+
Porcula salvania Hodgson 1847 [pygmy hog]
Tr. †Potamochoerini Gray 1873
+
G. †Celebochoerus Hooijer 1848
G. †Propotamochoerus Pilgrim 1925
G. Potamochoerus Gray 1854
+
+
Invalid names: Choiropotamus pictus Gray 1852 [synonym]
Potamochoerus porcus Linnaeus 1758 [red river hog]
Invalid names: Choiropotamus Gray 1852 [replaced]
Tr. †Suini Gray 1821
+
G. †Korynochoerus Schmidt-Kittler 1971
G. Sus Linnaeus 1758 [pig]
+
†Sus antediluvianus Kaup 1833
†Sus arvernensis Deperet 1885
Sus barbatus Müller 1838 [bearded pig]
†Sus brachygnathus Dubois 1908
Sus bucculentus Heude 1892 [Vietnam warty pig]
Sus cebifrons Heude 1888 [Visayan warty pig]
Sus celebensis Müller and Schlegel 1843 [Sulawesi pig]
Sus cristatus Wagner 1839
†Sus falconeri Lydekker 1884
†Sus giganteus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Sus hyotherioides Schlosser 1903
†Sus hysudricus Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Sus lydekkeri Zdansky 1928
†Sus microdon Schlosser 1903
†Sus palaeochoerus Kaup 1833
Sus philippensis Nehring 1886 [Philippine warty pig]
Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 [wild boar]
†Sus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1847
†Sus stehlini Schlosser 1903
†Sus strozzii Forsyth Major 1881
Sus verrucosus Müller 1840 [Javan warty pig]
Sus vittatus Müller and Schlegel 1842 [banded pig]
†Sus waylandi Cooke and Coryndon 1970
Invalid names: Babyrousini Gray 1868 [empty]
Subfm. †Tetraconodontinae Lydekker 1886
+
G. †Conohyus Pilgrim 1926
+
†Conohyus grivensis Gaillard 1899
†Conohyus huenermanni Heissig 1989
†Conohyus indicus Lydekker 1884
+
Invalid names: Conohyus thailandicus Ducroq et al. 1997 [synonym]
†Conohyus olujici Bernor and Radovcic 2004
†Conohyus simorrensis Lartet 1851
†Conohyus sindiensis Lydekker 1884
Invalid names: Adaetontherium Lewis 1934 [synonym]
G. †Lophocoerus Pilgrim 1926
G. †Notochoerus Broom 1925
+
†Notochoerus capensis Broom 1925
†Notochoerus clarkei Suwa and White 2004
G. †Nyanzachoerus Leakey 1958
+
†Nyanzachoerus jaegeri Coppens 1971
†Nyanzachoerus kanamensis Leakey 1958
†Nyanzachoerus khinzir Boisserie et al. 2014
†Nyanzachoerus nakaliensis Tsubamoto et al. 2020
G. †Parachleuastochoerus Golpe-Posse 1972
+
†Parachleuastochoerus crusafonti Golpe-Posse 1972
†Parachleuastochoerus kretzoii Fortelius et al. 2005
G. †Sivachoerus Pilgrim 1926
+
†Sivachoerus syrticus Leonardi 1954
G. †Tetraconodon Falconer 1868
+
†Tetraconodon magnum Falconer 1868
†Tetraconodon malensis Htike et al. 2005
Invalid names: Babyrousinae Thenius 1970 [empty], Chaeropotamina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Phacochoeridae Gray 1868 [synonym]
G. †Taucanamo Simpson 1945
+
†Taucanamo grandaevum Fraas 1870
†Taucanamo inonuensis Pickford and Ertürk 1979
†Taucanamo primum van der Made 1997
†Taucanamo sansaniense Lartet 1851
Invalid names: Palaeochoeridae Matthew 1924 [invalid subgroup], Sanitheriidae Simpson 1945 [empty], Suina Gray 1868 [invalid subgroup], Suinamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym]
Fm. †Tapirulidae Cope 1879
+
G. †Obotherium Bai et al. 2023
+
†Obotherium parvum Bai et al. 2023
†Obotherium tongi Bai et al. 2023
G. †Tapiruloides Bai et al. 2023
+
†Tapiruloides usuensis Bai et al. 2023
G. †Tapirulus Gervais 1850
+
†Tapirulus depereti Stehlin 1910
†Tapirulus hyracinus Gervais 1850
†Tapirulus majori Stehlin 1910
†Tapirulus perrierensis Sudre 1978
†Tapirulus schlosseri Stehlin 1910
G. †Tragulohyus Gervais 1874
Subor. Tylopoda Illiger 1811
+
Fm. †Amphimerycidae Stehlin 1910
+
G. †Amphimeryx Pictet 1853
+
†Amphimeryx murinus Cuvier 1822
†Amphimeryx riparius Aymard 1855
G. †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin 1919
+
†Pseudamphimeryx hantonensis Forster-Cooper 1928
†Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae Stehlin 1910
†Pseudamphimeryx renevieri Pictet and Humbert 1869
†Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri Rutimeyer 1891
†Pseudamphimeryx valdensis Stehlin 1910
Superfm. †Anoplotherioidea Bonaparte 1850
+
Fm. †Anoplotheriidae Gray 1821
+
Subfm. †Anoplotheriinae Gray 1821
+
G. †Anoplotherium Cuvier 1804
+
Invalid names: Eurytherium Gervais 1852 [synonym], Hoplotherium Meyer 1841 [synonym], Oplotherium Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Pleregnathus Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym]
G. †Dideilotherium Ameghino 1889
+
Invalid names: Deilotherium Filhol 1882 [replaced]
G. †Diplobune Rutimeyer 1862
+
Invalid names: Hyracodon Filhol 1876 [synonym], Hyracodontherium Filhol 1877 [synonym], Hyrocodon Filhol 1873 [synonym]
G. †Duerotherium Cuesta and Badiola 2009
G. †Ephelcomenus Hurzeler 1938
G. †Robiatherium Sudre 1988
Subfm. †Dacrytheriinae Deperet 1917
+
G. †Catodontherium Deperet 1908
+
Invalid names: Catodus Deperet 1905 [replaced]
G. †Dacrytherium Filhol
Invalid names: Anoplotheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Robiaciinae Sudre 1977 [empty]
Fm. †Xiphodontidae Flower 1883
+
G. †Dichodon Owen
+
†Dichodon cartieri Rutimeyer 1891
†Dichodon cervinus Owen 1848
†Dichodon cuspidatus Owen 1847
†Dichodon frohnstettense von Meyer 1852
†Dichodon simplex Kowalevsky 1874
G. †Haplomeryx Schlosser 1886
+
†Haplomeryx egerkingensis Stehlin 1910
†Haplomeryx euzetensis Depéret 1917
†Haplomeryx obliquus Cuvier 1822
†Haplomeryx picteti Stehlin 1910
†Haplomeryx zitteli Schlosser 1886
G. †Leptotheridium Stehlin 1910
+
†Leptotheridium lugeoni Stehlin 1910
G. †Paraxiphodon Sudre 1978
+
G. †Xiphodon Cuvier 1822
+
†Xiphodon castrensis Kowalevsky 1873
†Xiphodon gracile Cuvier 1822
†Xiphodon intermedium Stehlin 1910
Fm. †Oromerycidae Gazin 1955
+
G. †Camelodon Granger 1910
+
†Camelodon arapahovius Granger 1910
G. †Eotylopus Matthew 1910
+
†Eotylopus reedi Matthew 1910
G. †Malaquiferus Gazin 1955
+
G. †Merycobunodon Golz 1976
+
†Merycobunodon walshi Murphey and Kelly 2017
G. †Montanatylopus Prothero 1986
+
†Montanatylopus matthewi Prothero 1986
G. †Oromeryx Marsh 1894
+
†Oromeryx plicatus Marsh 1894
G. †Protylopus Wortman 1898
+
†Protylopus annectens Peterson 1919
†Protylopus petersoni Wortman 1898
+
Invalid names: Protylopus minor Prothero 1998 [synonym], Protylopus parvus Prothero 1998 [synonym]
†Protylopus robustus Golz 1976
†Protylopus stocki Golz 1976
Invalid names: Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym], Cameloidea [empty], Oreodontoidea Gill 1872 [empty], Xiphodontoidea Flower 1883 [empty]
Invalid names: Achaenodontidae [empty], Ancodonta Matthew [empty], Antiacodontidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [empty], Booidea [empty], Bunomerycidae Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Cetartiodactyla Montgelard et al. 1997 [synonym], Eurytheriidae Cope 1889 [empty], Haplobunodontidae Sudre 1978 [empty], Hyodonta Matthew 1929 [empty], Leptochoerinae [empty], Merycoidodontoidea [empty], Neoselenodontia Webb and Taylor 1980 [empty], Nonruminantia Gregory 1910 [empty], Trigonolestidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 30 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gs
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: grazero
Diet 2: browsero
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999 o
Created: 2005-08-26 14:03:05
Modified: 2005-09-19 12:23:23
Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Legendre 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (9805 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03Ukraine (Luhansk) Zeuglodon sp. (224763)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58Poland Zeuglodon puschii (77355)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Mongolia (South Gobi Aimag) Bovidae indet., Artiodactyla indet. (137861)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne Ardenne) Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (177753)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Champagne-Ardenne) Cuisitherium lydekkeri, Diacodexis varleti, Eurodexis russelli, Aumelasia menieli (28546) Cuisitherium lydekkeri, Diacodexis varleti, Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (73387)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France Cuisitherium lydekkeri, Protodichobune oweni (183451)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Hainaut) Diacodexis gigasei (87947)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Himachal Pradesh) Himalayacetus subathuensis (45584)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Brabant) Diacodexis gigasei (35531)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Diacodexis gigasei (178050)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) Cuisitherium lydekkeri, Diacodexis varleti, Eurodexis russelli, Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (35540 181653) Cuisitherium lydekkeri, Eurodexis russelli, Protodichobune oweni, Aumelasia menieli (35539) Cuisitherium sp., Diacodexis varleti, Bunophorus cappettai (35535) Diacodexis varleti, Bunophorus cappettai (35537) Diacodexis varleti, Bunophorus cappettai, Simpsonodus sp. (35533) Protodichobune oweni (181639)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Aude) Diacodexis sp. (182641)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Spain (Lleida) Artiodactyla indet. (182271 187320 210712 210713) Diacodexis sp. (142031)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Kazakhstan (Chimkent) Artiodactyla indet. (200979) Diacodexeidae indet. (49051)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Jammu and Kashmir) Kunmunella kalakotensis, Metkatius kashmiriensis, Kunmunella transversa, Indohyus indirae, Khirtharia inflatus, Ichthyolestes pinfoldi (45588)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Diacodexis parvus, Gujaratia indica, Gujaratia pakistanensis (55494)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) Diacodexis sp. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Diacodexis sp., Diacodexeidae indet., Eolantianius russelli (28490)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Diacodexis morrisi (38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Diacodexis sp. 1, Diacodexis sp., Protodichobune sp. (87950)