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Euselachii

Chondrichthyes

Taxonomy
Euselachii was named by Hay (1902). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Pinheiro et al. (2013).

It was reranked as the order Euselachii by Cassier (1966), Zangerl (1981), Williams (2001), Duncan (2004), Chrzastek (2008); it was reranked as the superorder Euselachii by Cappetta (1987), Murry (1989), Biddle (1993), Kriwet (2008); it was reranked as the unranked clade Euselachii by Long (1992), Cappetta (1992), Forey et al. (2003), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Ginter et al. (2010), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Ebersole et al. (2019), Shimada et al. (2024); it was reranked as the infraclass Euselachii by Long (2011), Skinner et al. (2020); it was reranked as the subclass Euselachii by Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

It was assigned to Plagiostomata by Hay (1902); to Selachii by Jordan (1963); to Euselachiformes by Case (1978), Case (1979), Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Elasmobranchii by Biddle (1993), Delsate (2003); to Cladodontomorphi by Ginter et al. (2010); to Elasmobranchii by Engelbrecht et al. (2017); to Elasmobranchii by Cassier (1966), Zangerl (1981), Cappetta (1987), Murry (1989), Long (1992), Cappetta (1992), Dica et al. (1996), Duffin (1998), Ivanov (1999), Duffin (2001), Williams (2001), Peng et al. (2001), Delsate et al. (2002), Forey et al. (2003), Duncan (2004), Everhart (2004), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Chrzastek (2008), Kriwet (2008), Long (2011), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Skinner et al. (2020), Shimada et al. (2024); and to Chondrichthyes by Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1902Euselachii Hay p. 274
1963Euselachii Jordan p. 597
1966Euselachii Cassier p. 44
1978Euselachii Case p. 184
1979Euselachii Case p. 79
1981Euselachii Zangerl p. 51
1987Euselachii Cappetta
1988Euselachii Case and Schwimmer p. 294
1989Euselachii Murry p. 253
1992Euselachii Cappetta p. 640
1992Euselachii Long p. 14
1993Euselachii Biddle p. 196
1996Euselachii Dica et al. p. 118
1998Euselachii Duffin p. 160
1999Euselachii Ivanov p. 271
2001Euselachii Duffin
2001Euselachii Peng et al. p. 5
2001Euselachii Williams p. 215
2002Euselachii Delsate et al. p. 8
2003Euselachii Delsate p. 4
2003Euselachii Forey et al. p. 227
2004Euselachii Duncan p. 419
2004Euselachii Everhart
2007Euselachii Cahuzac et al. p. 9
2007Euselachii Kriwet et al.
2008Euselachii Chrzastek p. 228
2008Euselachii Kriwet p. 236
2010Euselachii Ginter et al. p. 85
2011Euselachii Long p. 242
2013Euselachii Pinheiro et al.
2016Euselachii Nelson et al. p. 53
2017Euselachii Engelbrecht et al. p. 2
2019Euselachii Ebersole et al. p. 15
2019Euselachii van der Laan p. 39
2020Euselachii Skinner et al.
2024Euselachii Ebersole et al. p. 4
2024Euselachii Shimada et al.
2025Euselachii Cicimurri et al. p. 8

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
RankNameAuthor
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classChondrichthyes
subclassEuselachii()
subclassEuselachii()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. Euselachii Hay 1902
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G. †Acronemus Rieppel 1982
+
†Acronemus tuberculatus Bassani 1886
+
Invalid names: Acrodus bicarinatus Bassani 1886 [synonym]
G. †Artiodus Ivanov and Duffin 2017
+
†Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin 2017
G. †Cheirostephanus Casier 1958
+
Infracl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]
+
Fm. †Agaleidae Rees 2000
+
G. †Agaleus Duffin and Ward 1983
+
†Agaleus dorsetensis Duffin and Ward 1983
G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982
+
†Amelacanthus laevis Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus plicatus Davis 1883
†Amelacanthus sulcatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Annulicorona pyramidalis Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Aporomicrodus Fowler 1958
+
Invalid names: Microdus Emmons 1857 [replaced]
G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009
Unr. Batomorphi Cappetta 1980
+
Fm. †Archaeobatidae Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
G. †Cristabatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Cristabatis crescentiformis Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Cristabatis exundans Delsate and Candoni 2001
G. †Doliobatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Doliobatis weisi Delsate and Candoni 2001
G. †Toarcibatis Delsate and Candoni 2001
+
†Toarcibatis alticarinata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis brevicristata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis elongata Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Toarcibatis multicristata Delsate and Candoni 2001
Fm. †Belemnobatidae Suteethorn et al. 2013
+
G. †Belemnobatis Thiollière 1854
+
†Belemnobatis kermacki Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis noviodunumensis Delsate and Candoni 2001
†Belemnobatis picteti Cappetta 1975
†Belemnobatis sismondae Thiollière 1854
†Belemnobatis stahli Underwood and Ward 2004
†Belemnobatis variabilis Underwood and Rees 2002
G. †Enantiobatis Cappetta and Case 1999
+
†Enantiobatis tarrantensis Cappetta and Case 1999
Or. Myliobatiformes Compagno 1973 [stingray]
+
G. †Acanthobatis Larrazet 1866
G. †Bates Probst 1877
Superfm. Dasyatoidea Whitley 1940
+
G. †Arechia Cappetta 1983
G. †Coupatezia Cappetta 1982
G. †Dasyrhombodus Noubhani and Cappetta 1994
G. †Delpitia Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Heterobatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Heterotorpedo Ward 1983
G. †Ishaquia Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Lessiniabatis Marramà et al. 2019
G. †Merabatis Cappetta 1983
G. †Myliodasyatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Prosopodon Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Saltirius Cook et al. 2014
G. †Eomanta
G. †Hypolophodon Cappetta 1980
+
†Hypolophodon patagoniensis Cione et al. 2013
Superfm. †Myliobatoidea
+
G. †Ixobatis Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Promyliobatis Jaekel 1894
Subor. Myliobatoidei Compagno 1973
+
G. †Aturobatis Adnet 2006
Fm. Dasyatidae Jordan 1888 [whiptail stingray]
Fm. Gymnuridae Fowler 1934
Fm. Mobulidae Gill 1893
Fm. Myliobatidae Bonaparte 1838 [eagle ray]
Fm. Potamotrygonidae Garman 1877
Fm. Rhinopteridae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [cow-nosed ray]
Fm. †Rhombodontidae Cappetta 1987
Fm. Urolophidae Gray 1851 [round ray]
Fm. †Urotrygonidae McEachran et al. 1996
Fm. †Zanobatidae Fowler 1934
Invalid names: Aetobatidae Agassiz 1861 [empty], Hexatrygonidae [empty]
G. †Phosphatodon Guinot et al. 2023
+
Fm. Platyrhinidae Jordan 1923
G. †Ptychacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
†Ptychacanthus faujasii Agassiz 1837
†Ptychacanthus sublaevis Agassiz 1836
G. †Texabatis Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ceratopteridae Whitley 1936 [empty], Mobuloidea [empty]
Or. Rajiformes Berg 1940 [ray]
+
Fm. Anacanthobatidae von Bonde and Swart 1923
+
G. Anacanthobatis von Bonde and Swart 1923
G. †Antiquaobatis Stumpf and Kriwet 2019
+
†Antiquaobatis grimmenensis Stumpf and Kriwet 2019
G. †Archingeayia Vullo et al. 2007
+
†Archingeayia sistaci Vullo et al. 2007
Fm. Arhynchobatidae Fowler 1934
+
G. †Arhynchobatis Waite 1909
G. Psammobatis Günther 1870
G. Sympterygia Müller and Henle 1837
Fm. Crurirajidae Hulley 1972
+
G. Cruriraja Bigelow and Schroeder 1948
Fm. †Cyclobatidae Cappetta 1980
+
G. †Cyclobatis Egerton 1844
G. †Dynatobatis Larrazet 1886
+
†Dynatobatis paranensis Larrazet 1886
G. †Engolismaia Vullo et al. 2007
+
†Engolismaia couillardi Vullo et al. 2007
G. †Erguitaia Cappetta 1989
Fm. Gurgesiellidae de Buen 1959
+
G. Gurgesiella de Buen 1959
G. †Hamrabatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Hamrabatis bernardezi Vullo et al. 2007
+
G. †Angolabatis Antunes and Cappetta 2006
+
Invalid names: Angolaia Antunes and Cappetta 2002 [replaced]
G. †Kiestus Cappetta and Case 1999
G. †Oncobatis Leidy 1873
+
G. †Ostarriraja Marrama et al. 2018
+
†Ostarriraja parva Marrama et al. 2018
+
G. †Parapalaeobates Weiler 1930
Fm. Rajidae Blainville 1816 [skate]
+
G. †Actinobatis Agassiz 1843
G. †Amblyraja Malm 1877
G. †Batis Bonaparte 1837
G. Beringraja Ishihara et al. 2012
G. †Cephaleutherus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Dactylobatus Bean and Weed 1909
G. †Dasybatus Bonaparte 1837
G. †Dipturus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Hieroptera Fleming 1841
G. †Laeviraja Bonaparte 1837
G. †Leucoraja Malm 1877
G. †Malacorhina Garman 1877
G. †Nebriimimus Collareta et al. 2021
G. †Pararaja Cappetta 1980
G. †Platopterus Rafinesque 1815
G. †Propterygia Otto 1824
G. Raja Linnaeus 1758
G. Rostroraja Hulley 1972
G. †Uraptera Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Walteraja Siverson and Cappetta 2001
Invalid names: Rajinae de Blainville 1816 [empty]
Subor. †Rajoidei Garman 1913
+
G. †Mafdetia Werner 1989
G. Rhina [bowmouth guitarfish]
Subor. Rhinobatoidei Fowler 1941 [guitarfish]
+
G. †Ataktobatis Cappetta and Corral 1999
G. †Protoplatyrhina Case 1978
G. †Pseudohypolophus Cappetta and Case 1975
G. †Pseudomyledaphus Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Turoniabatis Landemaine 1991
+
Invalid names: Germanobatos Müller and Diedrich 1991 [synonym]
G. †Vascobatis Cappetta and Corral 1999
Invalid names: Asterodermus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium], Asterodermus platypterus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sechmetia Werner 1989
+
†Sechmetia aegyptiaca Stromer 1927
G. †Squatirhina Casier 1947
+
†Squatirhina draytoni Guinot et al. 2012
†Squatirhina kannensis Herman 1977
†Squatirhina lonzeensis Casier 1947
†Squatirhina roessingi Case 1987
†Squatirhina thiesi Biddle 1993
†Squatirhina westfalica Müller and Diedrich 1991
G. †Tanoutia Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
+
†Tanoutia iminensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1995
G. †Tomewingia Case and Cappetta 2013
+
†Tomewingia problematica Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ewingia Case and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
G. †Urobatis
+
Urobatis halleri Cooper 1863
Invalid names: Hypolophidae Leriche 1902 [empty], Pristoidei [empty], Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta 1980 [empty], Torpedinoidea Jonet 1968 [empty]
Or. †Rhinopristiformes Last et al. 2016
+
G. †Atlantobatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Glaucostegidae Last et al. 2016
+
G. †Glaucostegus Bonaparte 1845
G. †Microbatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Pristidae Bonaparte 1838 [sawfish]
+
G. Anoxypristis White and Moy-Thomas 1941
G. †Oxypristis Signoret 1861
G. †Peyeria Weiler 1935
G. †Platyspondylus Haug 1905
G. Pristis Linck 1790
+
Invalid names: Eopristis Stromer 1905 [synonym], Myriosteon Gray 1864 [synonym], Pristibatis Blainville 1825 [synonym], Pristibatys Blainville 1818 [synonym], Pristiopsis Fowler 1905 [synonym], Pristobatus Blainville 1816 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Amblypristis Dames 1888 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pristinae [empty]
Fm. †Rhinidae
+
G. †Rhamphobatis Gill 1861
Fm. Rhinobatidae Müller and Henle 1837
+
G. †Aellopos Muenster 1836
G. †Arthrobatis Whitley 1940
+
Invalid names: Arthropterus Agassiz 1843 [replaced]
G. †Cyclarthrus Agassiz 1836
G. †Demiurga Gistel 1848
G. †Eorhinobatos Marramà et al. 2020
G. †Euryarthra Agassiz 1843
G. †Isidobatus Werner 1989
G. †Myledaphus Cope 1876
G. Paratrygonorrhina Kriwet et al. 2007
G. †Platypterix Kriwet et al. 2009
G. †Pseudobatos Last et al. 2016
G. †Pseudorhinobatos Marramà et al. 2020
G. Rhinobatos Link 1790
G. †Rhombopterygia Cappetta 1980
G. †Rhynchobatis Philippi 1857
G. †Spathobatis Thiollière 1849
G. †Squatinoraja Nardo 1824
G. †Syrrhina Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Tarsistes Jordan 1919
G. †Terangabatis Guinot et al. 2023
Fm. Rhynchobatidae [wedgefish]
+
G. Rhynchobatus Müller and Henle 1837
G. †Sowibatos Guinot et al. 2023
G. †Tlalocbatos Brito et al. 2019
+
†Tlalocbatos applegatei Brito et al. 2019
Fm. Trygonorrhinidae Last et al. 2016
+
G. Trygonorrhina Müller and Henley 1838
G. †Zapteryx Jordan and Gilbert 1880
Or. †Sclerorhynchiformes Kriwet 2004
+
G. †Iberotrygon Kriwet et al. 2009
+
†Iberotrygon plagiolophus Kriwet et al. 2009
Fm. †Ptychotrygonidae Kriwet et al. 2009
+
G. †Asflapristis Villalobos-Segura et al. 2019
G. †Ptychotrygon Jaekel 1894
G. †Ptychotrygonoides Landemaine 1991
G. †Texatrygon Cappetta and Case 1999
Fm. †Sclerorhynchidae Capetta 1974
+
G. †Agaleorhynchus Guinot et al. 2012
G. †Ankistrorhynchus Casier 1964
G. †Australopristis Martill and Ibrahim 2012
G. †Baharipristis Werner 1989
G. †Biropristis Suárez and Cappetta 2004
G. †Borodinopristis Case 1987
G. †Celtipristis Kriwet 1999
G. †Ctenopristis Arambourg 1940
G. †Dalpiazia Checchia-Rispoli 1933
G. †Ganopristis Arambourg 1935
G. †Ischyrhiza Leidy 1856
G. †Libanopristis Cappetta 1980
G. †Marckgrafia Weiler 1935
G. †Micropristis Cappetta 1980
G. †Onchopristis Stromer 1917
G. †Onchosaurus Gervais 1852
+
Invalid names: Gigantichthys Dames 1887 [synonym], Titanichthys Dames 1887 [synonym]
G. †Plicatopristis Cappetta 1991
G. †Pucapristis Schaeffer 1963
G. †Renpetia Werner 1989
G. †Sclerorhynchus Woodward 1889
Invalid names: Ganopristinae Arambourg? [invalid subgroup], Schizorhizinae Kirkland and Aguillón-Martínez 2002 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Torpediniformes [electric ray]
+
Fm. Narcinidae Gill 1862 [numbfish]
+
G. Benthobatis Alcock 1898
G. Discopyge Heckel 1846 [apron ray]
G. Narcine Henle 1834
+
Invalid names: Cyclonarce Gill 1862 [synonym], Gonionarce Gill 1862 [synonym], Syrraxis Bonaparte 1841 [synonym]
G. †Titanonarke de Carvalho 2010
Superfm. †Narcinoidea
+
G. Heteronarce Regan 1921
Fm. Narkidae Fowler 1934 [sleeper ray]
Fm. Torpedinidae [torpedo]
+
G. Astrape Muller and Henle 1838
G. †Eotorpedo White 1934
G. †Hypnarce Waite 1902
G. Hypnos Dumeril 1852
G. †Narcacion Klein 1775
G. †Tetronarce Gill 1862
G. Torpedo Houttuyn 1764 [torpedo]
+
Invalid names: Eunarce Fowler 1910 [synonym], Fimbriotorpedo Fritsch 1886 [synonym], Gymnotorpedo Fritsch 1886 [synonym], Narcobatus [synonym], Notastrape Whitley 1932 [synonym], Tetronarcine Tanaka 1908 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypnidae [empty]
Invalid names: Arthropteridae Jordan 1905 [empty], Spathobatidae Dames 1888 [empty]
G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843
+
†Carcharopsis prototypus Agassiz 1843
†Carcharopsis wortheni Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Dicrenodus texanus Eastman 1917 [synonym]
G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993
Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]
+
G. †Diclitodus Davis 1883
+
†Diclitodus scitulus Davis 1883
G. †Scoliorhiza Raymond 1925
+
†Scoliorhiza kellyi Raymond 1925
†Scoliorhiza whitei St John and Worthen 1875
G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Changxingselache wangi Wang et al. 2007
Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909
+
G. †Iberolepis Mader 1986
G. †Lunalepis Mader 1986
G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997
+
†Complanicorona glabra Johns 1997
G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997
+
†Coniunctio aequirugosa Johns 1997
†Coniunctio multirugosa Johns 1997
G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883
+
†Eunemacanthus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
+
Invalid names: Ctenacanthus heterogyrus Agassiz 1837 [objective synonym]
†Eunemacanthus keytei Branson 1916
†Eunemacanthus venator Khabakob 1928
Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975
+
+
Subor. †Sarcura
+
Invalid names: Asterodermidae [empty]
Invalid names: Dasyatoidei [empty], Ganopristinidea Case 1978 [empty], Narcaciontes [empty]
G. †Eychlaodus Glikman 1957
+
Invalid names: Isuroidei Garman 1913 [empty]
Superor. †Galeomorphi
+
G. †Erquitaia Cappetta 1989
Or. Heterodontiformes Berg 1940 [bullhead shark]
+
Fm. Heterodontidae Gray 1851
+
G. †Acrodonchus Fraas 1889
G. †Amacanthus St John and Worthen 1875
G. †Centracion Gray 1831
G. †Centrodus Giebel 1848
G. †Chalazacanthus Davis 1883
G. †Drepanephorus Egerton 1872
G. †Echinodus Davis 1884
G. Heterodontus de Blainville 1816 [bullhead shark]
+
Invalid names: Cestracion Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Gyropleurodus Gill 1862 [synonym], Heterodontobatis Landemaine 1991 [synonym], Tropidodus Gill 1862 [synonym]
G. †Hoplonchus Davis 1876
G. †Hybodopsis Barkas 1878
G. †Lepracanthus Agassiz 1843
G. †Lispacanthus Davis 1883
G. †Paracestracion Koken in Zittel 1911
G. †Proheterodontus Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Psilacanthus Quenstedt 1858
G. †Selachidea Quenstedt 1852
G. †Strongyliscus Jordan 1925
Invalid names: Hybodontoidei Owen 1846 [empty]
G. †Hypsobatis Cappetta 1992
Or. Orectolobiformes Applegate 1972 [carpet shark]
+
G. †Acanthoscyllium Cappetta 1980
G. †Akaimia Rees 2010
+
†Akaimia altucuspis Rees 2010
G. †Annea Thies 1983
+
†Annea carinata Thies 1983
†Annea maubeugei Delsate and Thies 1995
+
G. Crossorhinus Muller and Henle 1841
G. †Dorsetoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Dorsetoscyllium belbekensis Trikolidi 2024
†Dorsetoscyllium terreafullonicum Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Garrigascyllium Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Garrigascyllium aganticensis Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Heterophorcynus Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Heterophorcynus microdon Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Magistrauia Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Magistrauia unicaplicata Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Mesiteia Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885
+
†Mesiteia daimeriesi Herman 1971
+
Invalid names: Rhina minuta Daimeries 1888 [replaced]
†Mesiteia emiliae Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1886
†Mesiteia humboldtii Reuss 1845
†Mesiteia sahelalmae Pictet and Humbert 1866
†Mesiteia ypresiensis Casier 1946
Subor. Orectoloboidei Applegate 1974
+
Fm. †Brachaeluridae Applegate 1972
Fm. Ginglymostomatidae Gill 1862 [nurse shark]
Fm. Hemiscylliidae Gill 1862
Fm. Orectolobidae Jordan and Fowler 1903 [wobbegong]
Fm. Rhincodontidae Müller and Henle 1839 [whale shark]
Fm. †Stegostomatidae Gill 1862
Invalid names: Hemiscyllioidea Naylor 2012 [empty], Orectoloboidea Maylor 2012 [empty]
G. †Ornatoscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
+
†Ornatoscyllium freemani Underwood and Ward 2004
†Ornatoscyllium rugasimulatum Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Parahemiscyllium Guinot et al. 2014
+
†Parahemiscyllium underwoodwardi Guinot et al. 2014
+
Fm. Parascylliidae Gill 1862 [collared carpetshark]
G. †Parasquatina Herman 1982
+
†Parasquatina cappettai Herman 1982
†Parasquatina jarvisi Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina justinensis Guinot et al. 2012
†Parasquatina zitteli Pollerspöck and Beaury 2014
Fm. †Phorcynidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Phorcynis Thiollière 1854
Fm. †Rhinocodontidae Garman 1913
+
G. †Palaeorhincodon Herman 1975
Invalid names: Palaeocarcharidae [empty]
G. †Rajorhina Jaekel 1894
G. †Reifia Duffin 1980
+
†Reifia minuta Duffin 1980
Or. †Synechodontiformes Duffin and Ward 1993
+
G. †Keichouodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Keichouodus nimaiguensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Mucrovenator Cuny et al. 2001
+
†Mucrovenator minimus Cuny et al. 2001
Fm. †Palaeospinacidae Regan 1906
+
G. †Antrigoulia Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Macrourogaleus Fowler 1947
G. †Nemacanthus Agassiz 1836
+
Invalid names: Desmacanthus Quenstedt 1858 [synonym]
G. †Palidiplospinax Klug and Kriwet 2008
G. †Paraorthacodus Glikman 1957
G. †Synechodus Woodward 1888
Invalid names: Palaeospinax Egerton 1872 [nomen dubium], Palaeospinax priscus Agassiz 1838 [nomen dubium], Paraorthacodidae Klug 2010 [synonym]
G. †Parascylloides Thies et al. 2014
+
†Parascylloides turnerae Thies et al. 2014
G. †Polyfaciodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Polyfaciodus pandus Koot and Cuny 2014
Fm. †Pseudonotidanidae Underwood and Ward 2004
+
G. †Pseudonotidanus Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Welcommia Cappetta 1990
G. †Rhomphaiodon Duffin 1993
+
†Rhomphaiodon minor Agassiz 1837
†Rhomphaiodon nicolensis Duffin 1993
G. †Safrodus Koot and Cuny 2014
+
†Safrodus tozeri Koot and Cuny 2014
G. †Wimanodon Saugen et al. 2025
+
†Wimanodon marmieri Saugen et al. 2025
G. †Youssoubatis Cappetta 1992
Invalid names: Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [synonym]
G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999
+
†Gondwanodus irwinensis Daymond 1999
Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland
+
G. †Cyrtacanthus Newberry 1873
+
†Cyrtacanthus dentatus Newberry 1873
G. †Gampsacanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Gampsacanthus latus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus squamosus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Gampsacanthus typus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Lecracanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875
+
†Lecracanthus unguiculus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Marracanthus St. John and Worthen 1875
+
†Marracanthus rectus Newberry and Worthen 1866
G. †Phlyctaenacanthus Eastman 1898
+
†Phlyctaenacanthus telleri Eastman 1898
G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997
+
†Labascicorona alata Johns 1997
G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997
+
G. †Leonodus Mader 1986
G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008
G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Lugalepididae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997
+
G. †Lugalepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1997
Fm. †Mcmurdodontidae White 1968
+
G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007
+
†Meishanselache liui Wang et al. 2007
G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997
+
†Minuticorona uniculmen Johns 1997
G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873
+
†Oniscina ornata Goldenberg 1873
+
Invalid names: Arthropleura ornata Goldenberg 1873 [synonym]
G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997
G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Ostenoselachidae Duffin 1998
+
G. †Ostenoselache Duffin 1998
+
†Ostenoselache stenosoma Duffin 1998
Infracl. Osteodonti
+
Superor. Lamnae
+
+
Superfm. Isuroidea Glikman 1964
Superfm. †Scapanorhynchoidea
Invalid names: Anacoracoidea [empty]
G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003
+
†Parvicorona dacrysulca Chen and Cuny 2003
G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997
+
†Parvidiabolus acutus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus convexus Johns 1997
†Parvidiabolus obliquus Johns 1997
G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997
+
†Parviscapha trivela Johns 1997
†Parviscapha univelum Johns 1997
G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843
+
†Physonemus arcuatus McCoy 1848
†Physonemus asper Leidy 1859
†Physonemus carinatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus gemmatus Newberry and Worthen 1866
†Physonemus gigas Newberry and Worthen 1870
†Physonemus gigii Branson 1916
†Physonemus mirabilis St John and Worthen 1875
†Physonemus pandatus Eastman 1903
†Physonemus stellatus Newberry 1889
†Physonemus striatus Moore 1929
†Physonemus subteres Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]
Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier
+
+
G. †Rhaibodus Bohm 1926
+
†Rhaibodus rapax Bohm 1926
G. †Narcopterus Agassiz 1835
Invalid names: Eulamiidae [empty], Hexeptranchidae [empty], Raiae [empty]
G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948
+
†Platylithophycus cretaceus Johnson and Howell 1948
G. †Raineria Osswald 1928
+
†Raineria osswaldi Cappetta 1987
G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Rosaodus xingyiensis Li et al. 2022
G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997
+
†Rugosicorona devexa Johns 1997
G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997
+
†Sacrisubcorona circabasis Johns et al. 1997
Unr. Selachii [shark]
+
Subor. †Asterospondyli Haase
+
Invalid names: Gestracionidae [empty]
G. †Cooperodon Whitley 1956
+
†Cooperodon typicalis Gunnell 1933
Invalid names: Cooperella Gunnell 1933 [replaced]
Subor. †Ctenacanthoidei Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971
+
Invalid names: Londichiidae Herman 1977 [empty]
G. †Fortscottella Gunnell 1931
+
†Fortscottella gemmicula Gunnell 1933
G. †Hammondella Gunnell 1933
+
†Hammondella crassa Gunnell 1933
†Hammondella globosa Gunnell 1933
G. †Idiacanthus Gunnell 1933
G. †Kirkella Gunnell 1933
+
†Kirkella elliptica Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella indentata Gunnell 1933
†Kirkella typicalis Gunnell 1933
G. †Moreyella Gunnell 1933
+
†Moreyella aviculiformis Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella trilobata Gunnell 1933
†Moreyella typicalis Gunnell 1933
Fm. Notidanidae Bonaparte
+
G. †Xenodolamia Leidy 1877
+
†Xenodolamia barbadica Casier 1958
†Xenodolamia eocaena Woodward 1889
†Xenodolamia pravus Leidy 1877
†Xenodolamia simplex Leidy 1877
Subor. Rajae
+
Invalid names: Pachyura Gill 1872 [empty]
Subor. Squali Müller and Henle 1838
+
Invalid names: Petalodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Squaloidea [empty]
Superor. †Squalimorphi
+
Invalid names: Pristiphoriformes [empty], Squalida Nelson 2016 [empty], Squatinida [empty]
Subor. †Tectospondyli
+
Invalid names: Squaloidei [empty]
Fm. Trygonidae Müller and Henle 1837
+
G. †Xiphotrygon Cope 1879
+
†Xiphotrygon acutidens Cope 1879
Invalid names: Anacoracoidei [empty], Centrobati Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterodontoidea Hay 1902 [empty], Notidani Jaekel 1911 [empty], Notidanoidei [empty], Palaeosquali Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Rhinoraji Jaekel 1911 [empty], Scyllidae [empty], Spinacidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Statodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Trirostri Jaekel 1911 [empty]
G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002
+
G. †Siamodus
Superor. Squalomorphi Compagno 1973
+
+
Fm. †Orthechinorhinidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Orthechinorhinus Adnet 2006
Fm. †Pseudoechinorhinidae Herman and van Waes 2014
+
G. †Pseudoechinorhinus Pfeil 1983
Or. Hexanchiformes de Buen 1926
+
+
G. Chlamydoselachus Garman 1884
G. †Dykeius Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Rolfodon Cappetta et al. 2019
Fm. †Crassonotidae Kriwet and Klug 2012
+
G. †Pachyhexanchus Cappetta 1990
Fm. Heptranchidae Barnard 1925
+
G. Heptranchias Rafinesque 1810 [sevengill shark]
Fm. Hexanchidae Gray 1851 [cow shark]
+
G. †Eonotidanus Pfeil 1893
G. †Gladioserratus Underwood et al. 2011
G. Hexanchus Rafinesque 1810 [sixgill shark]
G. †Monopterhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Notidanion Jordan 1923
G. †Notidanodon Cappetta 1975
G. Notidanus Cuvier 1817
G. Notorhynchus Ayres 1855 [sevengill shark]
G. Notorynchus Ayers 1855
G. †Protoheptranchias Cappetta et al. 2019
G. †Xampylodon Cappetta et al. 2019
Invalid names: Eonotidanidae Pfiel 1983 [synonym]
Subor. †Hexanchoidei Hay 1902
+
Fm. †Crassodontidanidae Kriwet and Klug 2016
Fm. †Komoksodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
+
G. †Komoksodon Cappetta et al. 2019
Fm. †Orthacodidae Glikman 1957
+
G. †Archaeogracilidens Villalobos-Segura et al. 2025
G. †Occitanodus Guinot et al. 2014
Invalid names: Orthacodontidae de Beaumont 1960 [objective synonym]
G. †Paranotidanus Ward and Thies 1987
+
†Paranotidanus serratus Fraas 1855
G. †Thrinax
+
†Thrinax baumgartneri Pfeil 1983
G. †Weltonia
Or. Pristiophoriformes Berg 1958 [saw shark]
+
G. †Ikamuius Keyes 1979
Fm. Pristiophoridae Bleeker 1859
+
Subfm. †Pliotrematinae Fowler 1947
G. Pristiophorus Bleeker 1859
Invalid names: Pristiophorinae Bleeker 1859 [empty]
+
Fm. †Protospinacidae Woodward 1919
+
G. †Breviacanthus Maisey 1976
G. †Protospinax Woodward 1919
+
†Protospinax annectans Woodward 1919
†Protospinax bilobatus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax carvalhoi Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax magnus Underwood and Ward 2004
†Protospinax planus Underwood 2002
Or. Squaliformes Goodrich 1909
+
Fm. Centrophoridae Bleeker 1859 [gulper shark]
+
G. †Centrodeania Feichtinger et al. 2024
G. Centrophorus Müller and Henle 1837
G. Deania Jordan and Snyder 1902
G. †Centropterus Costa 1856
+
†Centropterus lividus Costa 1856
Fm. Dalatiidae Gray 1851
+
G. †Acrosqualiolus Adnet 2006
G. †Angoumeius Adnet et al. 2006
G. Dalatias Rafinesque 1810
G. †Eosqualiolus Adnet 2006
G. †Hessinodon Cappetta et al. 2019
G. Isistius Gill 1864
G. †Oligodalatias Welton 2016
G. †Squaliodalatias Adnet et al. 2006
G. Squaliolus Smith and Radcliffe 1912
Fm. †Eoscymnidae Herman and van den Eeckhaut 2010
+
G. †Eoscymnus Herman and van den Eeckhaut 2010
Fm. Etmopteridae Fowler 1941
+
G. Aculeola de Buen 1959
G. †Eoetmopterus Muller and Schollmann 1989
G. Etmopterus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Incognitorapax Feichtinger et al. 2024
G. Miroscyllium Shirai and Nakaya 1990
G. †Paraetmopterus Adnet 2006
G. †Proetmopterus Siverson 1993
G. Trigonognathus Mochizuki and Ohe 1990
Invalid names: Aculeolidae Herman and van Waes 2012 [synonym]
G. †Fredipristis Feichtinger et al. 2022
+
†Fredipristis eximia Feichtinger et al. 2022
G. †Gibbechinorhinus Cappetta 1990
Fm. †Oxynotidae
+
G. †Centrina Cuvier 1817
G. Oxynotus Rafinesque 1810
+
G. †Borborodes Gistel 1848
G. †Cirrhigaleus Tanaka 1912
G. †Euprotomicrus Gill 1864
G. †Leius Kner 1865
G. Scymnorhinus Bonaparte 1846
G. †Xenodus Miller 1892
+
Invalid names: Goniodus Newberry 1889 [replaced]
Fm. Somniosidae Jordan 1888 [sleeper shark]
+
G. Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage and Brito Capello 1864
G. Centroselachus Garman 1913
G. †Cretascymnus Cappetta 1980
G. †Heteroscymnus Tanaka 1912
G. †Laemargus Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Leiodon Wood 1847
G. †Palaeocentroscymnus Pollerspöck 2018
G. †Protoxynotus Herman 1975
+
Invalid names: Paraphorosoides Kriwet et al. 2006 [synonym]
G. †Rhinoscymnus Gill 1864
G. †Scymnodalatias Garrick 1956
G. Somniosus Le Sueur 1818 [sleeper shark]
Fm. Squalidae Bonaparte 1834 [dogfish shark]
+
G. †Acanthidium Lowe 1839
G. †Acanthorhinus Blainville 1816
G. †Atractophorus Gilchrist 1922
G. †Centrophoroides Davis 1887
G. †Centroscyllium Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Centrosqualus Signeux 1950
G. †Entoxychirus Gill 1862
G. †Lepidorhinus Bonaparte 1845
G. †Machephilus Johnson 1867
G. †Megasqualus Herman 1982
G. †Microetmopterus Siverson 1993
G. †Nasisqualus Smith 1912
G. †Paracentroscyllium Alcock 1899
G. †Protocentrophorus Adnet et al. 2008
G. †Protosqualus Cappetta 1977
G. Scymnodon Bocage and Capello 1864
G. †Spinax Agassiz 1837
G. Squalus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Acanthias Leach 1818 [objective synonym]
G. †Zameus Jordan and Fowler 1903
Invalid names: Dalatiinae Gray 1851 [empty], Spinacidae [synonym], Squalinae Bonaparte 1834 [empty]
G. †Squalogaleus Maisey 1976
+
†Squalogaleus woodwardi Maisey 1976
Invalid names: Dalatioidea Carvalho 1996 [invalid subgroup]
Or. Squatiniformes Buen 1926
+
Fm. †Pseudorhinidae Klug and Kriwet 2012
+
G. †Pseudorhina Jaekel 1898
Fm. Squatinidae Bonaparte 1838 [angel shark]
+
G. †Cretasquatina Maisey et al. 2020
G. †Squalraia De la Pylaie 1835
G. †Squatina Dumeril 1806
Invalid names: Hexanchida [empty]
G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997
+
Fm. †Thrinacodontidae Grogan and Lund 2008
+
G. †Thrinacoselache Grogan and Lund 2008
+
†Thrinacoselache gracia Grogan and Lund 2008
G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997
+
Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964
+
G. †Anodontacanthus Davis 1881
Fm. †Orthacanthidae Heyler and Poplin 1989
+
G. †Orthacanthus Agassiz 1843
+
†Orthacanthus adamas Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Orthacanthus gracilis Newberry 1875 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus buxieri Heyler and Poplin 1989
†Orthacanthus compressus Newberry 1856
+
Invalid names: Diplodus latus Newberry 1856 [synonym], Diplodus penetrans Dawson 1868 [synonym]
†Orthacanthus donnelljohnsi Johnson and Thayer 2009
†Orthacanthus gibbosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus gracilis Giebel 1848
†Orthacanthus lintonensis Babcock 2024
+
Invalid names: Diplodus gracilis Newberry 1856 [replaced]
†Orthacanthus milleri Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus minor Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus pustulosus Agassiz 1843
†Orthacanthus texensis Cope 1888
Invalid names: Chilodus Giebel 1847 [synonym], Didymodus Cope 1883 [synonym], Diplodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Dittodus Owen 1867 [synonym], Giebelodus Whitley 1940 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010 [empty], Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Lamna (Sphenodus) longidens Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orthacodus Woodward 1889 [nomen dubium], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Sphenodus Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium], Sphenodus plana Agassiz 1843 [nomen dubium]
G. †Favusodus Li et al. 2022
+
†Favusodus orientalis Li et al. 2022
Subor. †Galei
+
+
G. †Nebrodes Garman 1913
G. †Plicodus Winkler 1874
+
G. †Micristodus Gill 1865
Invalid names: Lamnoidei [empty]
+
Fm. †Galeidae
+
G. †Boreogaleus Gill 1861
G. †Calliscyllium Tanaka 1912
G. †Cymocephalus Klein 1777
G. †Cynias Gill 1903
G. †Dirrhizodon Klunzinger 1870
G. †Eridacnis Smith 1913
G. †Eulamia Gill 1861
+
†Eulamia altima Springer 1950
G. †Gyrace Jordan and Hannibal 1922
+
†Gyrace occidentalis Agassiz 1856
+
Invalid names: Galeocerdo productus Agassiz 1834 [synonym]
G. †Hypopriondon Gill 1861
G. †Isoplagiodon Gill 1861
G. †Leptocarcharias Günther 1879
G. †Leptocarias Smith 1837
G. †Myrmillo Gistel 1848
G. †Platypodon Poey 1876
G. †Pleuracromylon Gill 1864
G. †Pseudogaleus Jaekel 1894
+
†Pseudogaleus voltai Jaekel 1894
G. †Rhinotriacis Gill 1862
G. †Rhizoprion Ogilby 1915
G. †Scylliogaleus Boulenger 1902
G. †Thalassorhinus Müller and Henle 1838
+
G. †Hueneichthys Reif 1977
+
†Hueneichthys costatus Reif 1977
Infracl. †Hybodonta
+
Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966
+
G. †Cassisodus Ginter and Sun 2007
G. †Doratodus Schmid 1861
+
†Doratodus tricuspidatus Schmid 1861
G. †Hamiltonichthys Maisey 1989
+
†Hamiltonichthys mapesi Maisey 1989
G. †Hubeiodus Shang et al. 2008 [Hubei tooth]
+
†Hubeiodus ziguiensis Shang et al. 2008
Fm. †Hybodontidae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Bdellodus Quenstedt 1882
+
†Bdellodus bollensis Quenstedt 1882
G. †Dicrenodus Romanowski 1853
+
†Dicrenodus dentatus M'Coy 1848
G. †Egertonodus Maisey 1987
+
†Egertonodus basanus Egerton 1845
†Egertonodus duffini Rees and Underwood 2008
†Egertonodus fraasi Brown 1900
G. †Frangerodus Rees and Underwood 2008
+
†Frangerodus lingualis Woodward 1889
Subfm. †Hybodontinae Agassiz 1834
+
G. †Crassodus Maisch and Matzke 2016
G. †Heteroptychodus Yabe and Obata 1930
G. †Hybodus Agassiz 1834
+
Invalid names: Leiacanthus Agassiz 1837 [synonym], Meristodon Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Orthybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym], Parhybodus Jaekel 1898 [synonym]
G. †Meristodonoides Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
G. †Planohybodus Rees and Underwood 2008
G. †Miosynechodus Deraniyagala 1969
+
†Miosynechodus mora Deraniyagala 1969
G. †Priohybodus d'Erasmo 1960
+
†Priohybodus arambourgi d'Erasmo 1960
G. †Sphenonchus Agassiz 1843
+
†Sphenonchus elongatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus hamatus Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus martini Agassiz 1843
†Sphenonchus obtusus Davis 1881
G. †Tribodus Brito and Ferreira 1989
+
†Tribodus limae Brito and Ferreira 1989
†Tribodus morlati Landemaine 1991
Invalid names: Protohypolophites Landemaine 1991 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hybodus dewalquei Forir 1887 [nomen vanum]
+
†Mesodmodus explanatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus exsculptus Saint John and Worthen 1875
†Mesodmodus ornatus Saint John and Worthen 1875
G. †Omanoselache Koot et al. 2013
+
†Omanoselache angiolinii Koot et al. 2013
†Omanoselache bucheri Cuny et al. 2001
†Omanoselache halli Koot and Cuny 2014
†Omanoselache hendersoni Koot et al. 2013
G. †Onychoselache Dick 1978
+
Fm. †Pseudodalatiidae Reif 1978
+
G. †Pseudodalatias Reif 1978
+
†Pseudodalatias henarejensis Botella et al. 2009
G. †Reesodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Reesodus pectinatus Lebedev 1996
†Reesodus underwoodi Koot et al. 2013
†Reesodus wirksworthensis Duffin 1985
Fm. †Sphenacanthidae Maisey 1982
+
G. †Khuffia Koot et al. 2013
+
†Khuffia lenis Koot et al. 2013
†Khuffia prolixa Koot et al. 2013
G. †Sphenacanthus Agassiz 1837
+
†Sphenacanthus costellatus Traquair 1884
†Sphenacanthus hybodioides Agassiz 1843
†Sphenacanthus hybodoides Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus marshi Newberry 1873
†Sphenacanthus riorastoensis Pauliv et al. 2012
†Sphenacanthus sanpauloensis Chahud et al. 2010
†Sphenacanthus serrulatus Agassiz 1837
G. †Xenosynechodus Glikman 1980
+
†Xenosynechodus egloni Glikman 1980
Invalid names: Xenosynechodontidae Glikman 1980 [synonym]
Fm. †Steinbachodontidae Reif 1980
+
G. †Steinbachodus Reif 1980
+
G. †Teresodus Koot et al. 2013
+
†Teresodus amplexus Koot et al. 2013
Fm. †Thaiodontidae Cuny et al. 2008
+
G. †Thaiodus Cappetta et al. 1990
+
†Thaiodus ruchae Cappetta et al. 1990
Invalid names: Hybodontoidea Agassiz 1834 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014
+
G. †Acanthorhachis Martill et al. 2014
+
†Acanthorhachis spinatus Bolton 1896
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus wardi Woodward 1891 [synonym]
G. †Listracanthus Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
†Listracanthus hystrix Newberry and Worthen 1870
+
Invalid names: Listracanthus beyrichi von Koenen 1879 [synonym], Listracanthus eliasi Hibbard 1938 [synonym], Listracanthus hildrethi Newberry 1875 [synonym], Listracanthus woltersi Schmidt 1949 [synonym]
†Listracanthus pectenatus Mutter and Neuman 2006
Unr. Neoselachii Compagno 1977
+
Or. †Anachronistiformes Ivanov and Duffin 2024
+
Fm. †Anachronistidae Duffin and Ward 1983
+
G. †Amaradontus Hodnett and Elliott 2018
G. †Cooleyella Gunnell 1933
+
†Cooleyella amazonensis Duffin et al. 1996
†Cooleyella cuspidata Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella duffini Ivanov 2015
†Cooleyella fordi Duffin and Ward 1983
†Cooleyella peculiaris Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella quadrilobata Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella quinqueloba Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella simplex Gunnell 1933
†Cooleyella spatulata Gunnell 1933
Invalid names: Anachronistes Duffin and Ward 1983 [synonym]
G. †Ginteria Duffin and Ivanov 2008
+
†Ginteria fungiforma Duffin and Ivanov 2008
G. †Gunnellia Ivanov and Duffin 2024
+
†Gunnellia tatianae Ivanov and Duffin 2024
G. †Reifella Ivanov 2021
+
†Reifella lata Ivanov 2021
G. †Turovella Ivanov and Duffin 2024
+
†Turovella lebedevi Ivanov and Duffin 2024
Unr. Batoidea [ray]
+
Subor. †Masticura Gill 1872
+
+
G. †Brachioptera Gracianov 1906
Superfm. †Rhinobatoidea
+
G. †Cristomylus Kirkland et al. 2013
+
†Cristomylus bulldogensis Kirkland et al. 2013
†Cristomylus cifellii Kirkland et al. 2013
†Cristomylus leptostemma Wynd et al. 2020
†Cristomylus nelsoni Kirkland et al. 2013
G. †Engaibatis Arratia et al. 2002
+
†Engaibatis schultzei Arratia et al. 2002
Invalid names: Pristiformes [empty]
G. †Duffinselache Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
G. †Eorapax Saugen et al. 2025
+
†Eorapax serrasis Saugen et al. 2025
Superor. Galeomorphii Compagno 1973
+
Or. Carcharhiniformes Compagno 1973 [ground shark]
+
Fm. Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [requiem shark]
+
G. †Alopiopsis Lioy 1865
G. Aprionodon Gill 1861
G. †Archaeogaleus Guinot et al. 2014
Subfm. Carcharhininae Jordan and Evermann 1896
G. Carcharhinus de Blainville 1816
G. †Danogaleus Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Eogaleus Cappetta 1975
G. Galeocerdo Müller and Henle 1837 [tiger shark]
G. Glyphis Agassiz 1843 [river shark]
G. †Hypoprion Muller and Henle 1838
G. Isogomphodon Gill 1862 [daggernose shark]
G. Lamiopsis Gill 1862
G. Loxodon Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Misrichthys Case and Cappetta 1990
G. Nasolamia Compagno and Garrick 1983
G. Negaprion Whitley 1940 [lemon shark]
G. Physodon Müller and Henle 1839
G. †Physogaleus Cappetta 1980
G. Prionace Cantor 1849 [blue shark]
+
Invalid names: Carcharias (Prionodon) Müller and Henle 1841 [replaced]
G. †Pseudabdounia Ebersole et al. 2019
G. Rhizoprionodon Whitley 1929 [sharpnose shark]
Subfm. †Scoliodontinae Whitley 1934
G. †Triaenodon Mueller and Henle 1837
Invalid names: Galeocerdidae Whitley 1934 [synonym]
G. †Corysodon Saint-Seine 1949
+
†Corysodon multicristatus Batchelor and Duffin 2023
Fm. †Florenceodontidae Cappetta et al. 2019
+
G. †Florenceodon Cappetta et al. 2019
+
G. Chaenogaleus Gill 1861
G. Hemigaleus Bleeker 1852
G. Hemipristis Agassiz 1835
G. †Moerigaleus Underwood and Ward 2011
G. Paragaleus Budker 1935
+
G. †Leptocharias Müller and Henle 1837
Fm. †Pentanchidae Smith 1912
+
G. †Caninoa Nardo 1844
G. †Caninotus Nardo 1844
G. †Pentanchus Smith 1912
G. †Thalassoklephtes Gistel 1848
G. †Platyrhizodon Guinot et al. 2013
+
†Platyrhizodon barbei Guinot et al. 2013
†Platyrhizodon gracilis Guinot et al. 2013
Fm. Proscylliidae Fowler 1941
+
G. †Eypea Underwood and Ward 2004
G. †Praeproscyllium Underwood and Ward 2004
Fm. †Pseudoscyliorhinidae Stumpf et al. 2019
+
G. †Diprosopovenator Stumpf et al. 2019
G. †Pseudoscyliorhinus Müller and Diedrich 1991
Fm. Scyliorhinidae Gill 1862 [cat shark]
+
G. †Apristurus Garman 1913
G. †Bythaelurus Compagno 1988
G. †Cadiera Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Casieria Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. †Crassescyliorhinus Underwood and Ward 2008
G. †Cretascyliorhinus Underwood and Mitchell 1999
G. †Foumtizia Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
G. Galeus Schaeffer 1760
+
Invalid names: Pristiurus Bonaparte 1834 [synonym]
G. †Haploblepharus Garman 1913
G. †Megascyliorhinus Cappetta and Ward 1977
G. †Microscyliorhinus Case 1994
G. †Pachyscyllium Reinecke et al. 2005
G. †Palaeoscyllium Wagner 1857
G. †Paramaturus Garman 1906
G. †Parascyllium Gill 1861
G. †Parasymbolus Candoni 1993
G. †Platyrhizoscyllium Adnet 2006
G. †Porodermoides Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Subfm. †Premontreinae Cappetta 1992
G. †Prohaploblepharus Underwood and Ward 2008
G. †Proscyllium Higgendorf 1904
G. Pseudotriacis Capello 1867
G. †Pteroscyllium Cappetta 1980
G. †Scyliorhinotheca Kiel et al. 2013
G. Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816
+
Invalid names: Catulus Smith 1837 [synonym], Cephaloscyllium Gill 1861 [synonym], Halaelurus Gill 1861 [synonym], Poroderma Smith 1837 [synonym]
G. †Scylliodus Agassiz 1843
G. Scyllium Cuvier 1817
G. †Sigmoscyllium Guinot et al. 2013
G. †Thiesus Guinot et al. 2014
G. †Thyellina Agassiz 1838
Invalid names: Megascyliorhininae Pfeil 1984 [empty], Pteroscylliinae Cappetta 1992 [empty], Scyliorhininae Gill 1862 [empty]
Fm. Sphyrnidae Gill 1872 [hammerhead shark]
+
G. †Cestrorhinus Blainville 1816
G. Eusphyra Giill 1862
G. †Platysqualus Swainson 1839
G. †Reniceps Gill 1861
G. †Sphyra Van der Hoeven 1849
G. †Sphyrichthys Thienemann 1828
G. Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 [hammerhead shark]
+
Invalid names: Zygaena Cuvier 1816 [synonym]
G. †Sphyrnias Rafinesque 1815
Fm. Triakidae Gray 1851 [hound shark]
+
G. †Archaeotriakis Case 1978
Subfm. Galeorhininae Gill 1862
G. Galeorhinus de Blainville and Prévost 1816 [school shark]
+
Invalid names: Eugaleus Gill 1864 [synonym]
G. †Hypogaleus Smith 1957
G. †Pachygaleus Cappetta 1992
G. †Palaeogaleus Gurr 1963
G. †Palaeotriakis Guinot et al. 2013
G. †Squatigaleus Cappetta 1982
Tr. Triakini Linck 1790
G. Triakis Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Xystrogaleus Adnet 2006
Invalid names: Triakinae Gray 1851 [empty]
Invalid names: Galeocerdonidae Poey 1875 [empty], Pseudotriakidae Brito Capello 1867 [empty]
G. †Jurobatos Thies 1983
+
†Jurobatos cappettai Thies 1983
Or. Lamniformes Berg 1958 [mackerel shark]
+
G. †Acutalamna Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
+
†Acutalamna karsteni Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
Fm. Alopiidae Bonaparte 1838 [thresher shark]
+
G. Alopias Rafinesque 1810 [thresher shark]
G. †Paranomotodon Herman 1977
G. †Vulpecula Valmont 1768
Fm. †Anacoracidae Casier 1947
+
G. †Galeocorax Cappetta 2012
G. †Nanocorax Cappetta 2012
+
Invalid names: Microcorax Cappetta and Case 1975 [replaced]
G. †Paracorax Cappetta 1977
G. †Ptychocorax Glikman and Istchenko 1980
+
Invalid names: Hermanodus Landemaine 1991 [objective synonym]
G. †Scindocorax Bourdon et al. 2011
G. †Squalicorax Whitley 1939 [crow shark]
+
Invalid names: Anacorax White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [synonym], Corax Agassiz 1843 [replaced], Eoanacorax Glikman and Shvazhaite 1971 [synonym], Microanacorax Glikman 1980 [synonym], Palaeoanacorax Glickman 1971 [synonym], Palaeocorax Glikman 1956 [synonym], Paraanacorax Glikman 1980 [synonym], Praeptychocorax Glikman 1980 [synonym], Priscusurus Kriwet 2006 [synonym], Sinkorax Whitley 1965 [synonym]
Fm. †Aquilolamnidae Vullo et al. 2021
+
G. †Aquilolamna Vullo et al. 2021
G. †Cretomanta Case et al. 1990
Fm. †Archaeolamnidae Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
+
G. †Archaeolamna Siverson 1992
G. †Telodontaspis Underwood and Cumbaa 2010
Fm. Carchariidae Muller and Henle
+
G. Carcharias Rafinesque 1810 [sand shark]
+
Invalid names: Eugomphodus Gill 1862 [synonym]
G. †Oxytes Giebel 1847
G. †Triglochis Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Carchariolamna Hora 1939
Fm. †Cardabiodontidae Siverson 1999
+
G. †Cardabiodon Siverson 1999
G. †Dwardius Siverson 1999
Fm. Cetorhinidae Gill 1862 [basking shark]
+
G. †Caucasochasma Prokoviev and Sychevskaya 2018
G. Cetorhinus de Blainville 1816
+
Invalid names: Hannovera Van Beneden 1871 [synonym], Polyprosopus Couch 1863 [synonym], Selache Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Tetroras Rafinesque 1810 [synonym]
G. †Keasius Welton 2013
+
Invalid names: Praecetorhinus Hocht 1978 [replaced]
G. †Pseudocetorhinus Duffin 1998
Fm. †Cretoxyrhinidae Glikman 1958
+
G. †Acrolamna Zhelezko 1990
G. †Cretoxyrhina Glikman 1958
G. †Dallasiella Cappetta and Case 1999
G. †Plicatolamna Herman 1977
Fm. †Eoptolamnidae Kriwet et al. 2008
+
G. †Eoptolamna Kriwet et al. 2008
G. †Leptostyrax Williston 1900
+
Invalid names: Megarhizodon Sokolov 1978 [synonym]
Fm. †Haimirichiidae Vullo et al. 2016
+
G. †Haimirichia Vullo et al. 2016
G. †Roulletia Vullo et al. 2007
Fm. Lamnidae Müller and Henle 1838 [mackerel shark]
+
G. †Alopecias Canto 1886
G. Carcharodon Smith 1838 [white shark]
+
Invalid names: Procarcharodon Casier 1960 [synonym]
G. †Carcharoides Ameghino 1901
G. †Cosmopolitodus Glikman 1964
G. †Exoles Gistel 1848
G. †Isurolamna Cappetta 1992
G. Isurus Rafinesque 1810
G. Lamna Cuvier 1816 [mackerel shark]
G. †Macrorhizodus Glikman 1964
G. †Oxyprinichthys Ameghino 1901
G. †Plectrostoma Gistel 1848
G. †Selanonius Fleming 1828
G. †Uyenoa Kuga 1985
+
G. Megachasma Taylor et al. 1983
Fm. Mitsukurinidae Jordan 1898 [goblin shark]
+
G. †Anomotodon Arambourg 1952
G. †Clerolamna Zhelezko 1999
G. Mitsukurina Jordan 1898
G. †Rhinognathus Davis 1887
G. †Scapanorhynchus Woodward 1889
G. †Striatolamia Glikman 1964
G. †Woellsteinia Reinecke et al. 2001
Fm. Odontaspididae Müller and Henle 1839 [sand tiger shark]
+
G. †Araloselachus Glikman 1964
G. †Brachycarcharias Cappetta and Nolf 2005
G. †Cenocarcharias Cappetta and Case 1999
G. †Eostriatolamia Glikman 1980
G. †Glueckmanotodus Zhelezko 1999
G. †Hypotodus Jaekel 1895
Subfm. †Johnlonginae Shimada et al. 2015
G. †Mennerotodus Zhelezko 1994
G. †Microcarcharias Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
Subfm. †Odontaspinae Herman 1977
G. Odontaspis Agassiz 1838 [sand tiger shark]
G. †Orpodon Cappetta and Nolf 2005
G. †Palaeohypotodus Glikman 1964
G. †Pseudodontaspis Case 1987
G. †Pueblocarcharias Bourdon et al. 2011
G. †Sylvestrilamia Cappetta and Nolf 2005
G. †Synodontaspis White 1931
G. †Tethylamna Cappetta and Case 2016
Invalid names: Lamninae [empty], Scyllium gracilis Williston 1900 [nomen dubium], Scyllium planidens Williston 1900 [nomen dubium]
G. †Orthodon Coquand 1860
Fm. †Otodontidae Glickman 1964
+
G. †Cretalamna Glikman 1958
G. †Kenolamna Siversson et al. 2015
G. †Megalolamna Shimada et al. 2017
G. †Megaselachus Glyckman 1964
G. †Otodus Agassiz 1838
G. †Palaeocarcharodon Casier 1960
G. †Parotodus Cappetta 1980
G. †Palaeocarcharias Beaumont 1960
Fm. †Paraisuridae Herman 1979
+
G. †Paraisurus Glikman 1957
Fm. †Pseudocarchariidae Compagno 1973
+
G. Pseudocarcharias Cadenat 1963
Fm. †Pseudocoracidae Cappetta 2012
+
G. †Pseudocorax Priem 1897
Fm. †Pseudoscapanorhynchidae Herman 1979
+
G. †Cretodus Sokolov 1965
G. †Protolamna Cappetta 1980
G. †Pseudoscapanorhynchus Herman 1977
+
G. †Hylaeobatis Woodward 1916
G. †Ptychodus Agassiz 1834
Fm. †Serratolamnidae Landemaine 1991
+
G. †Serratolamna Landemaine 1991
Fm. †Truyolsodontidae Bernárdez 2018
+
G. †Truyolsodontos Bernárdez 2018
Fm. †Xiphodolamiidae Glikman 1964
+
G. †Xiphodolamia Leidy 1877
Invalid names: Hybodus dispar Reuss 1845 [nomen dubium], Lamna (Odontaspis) ornata Rogovich 1861 [nomen dubium], Pseudocarcharidae Compagno 1973 [empty], Pseudoisurus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium], Pseudoisurus tomosus Glikman 1957 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Galeoidea Hay 1902 [empty]
G. †Grozonodon Cuny et al. 1998
+
†Grozonodon candaui Cuny et al. 1998
G. †Hopleacanthus Schaumberg 1982
+
†Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis Schaumberg 1982
G. †Nanocetorhinus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
+
†Nanocetorhinus tuberculatus Underwood and Schlogl 2013
G. †Odontorhytis Bohm 1926
+
G. †Rhomaleodus Andreev and Cuny 2012
+
†Rhomaleodus budurovi Andreev and Cuny 2012
Superor. †Squalea Shirai 1996
+
G. †Microtoxodus Delsate 2003
+
†Microtoxodus gulakmani Delsate 2003
Invalid names: Hypnosqualea Carvalho and Maisey 1996 [empty]
G. †Vallisodus Duffin 2021
+
†Vallisodus coppi Duffin 1982
Invalid names: Vallisia Duffin 1982 [replaced]
Invalid names: Dalatiiformes Shirai 1992 [empty], Galea Shirai 1996 [empty], Squatinomorphii Compagno 1973 [empty]
+
Fm. †Protacrodontidae Cappetta et al. 1993
+
G. †Dalmehodus Long and Hairapetian 2000
G. †Deihim Ginter et al. 2002
G. †Protacrodus Jaekel 1925
+
†Protacrodus vetustus Jaekel 1925
Invalid names: Protacrodontoidea Zangerl 1981 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Surcaudalus Leu 1989
+
G. †Tuberospina Lebedev 1995
Invalid names: Dasyatiformes [empty], Musteliformes [empty], Notidaniformes [empty], Scyliorhiniformes [empty], Squatinoidei Berg 1940 [empty], Squatinorajiformes [empty], Synechodontidae Casier 1947 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: nektonicc
Diet: carnivorec
Created: 2004-08-17 13:49:23
Modified: 2009-12-13 03:31:01
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lochkovian to the top of the Holocene or 419.62000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 413.02 Ma

Collections (4340 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02Norway Elasmobranchii indet. (237818)
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Germany Elasmobranchii indet. (239016)
Devonian419.62 - 358.86USA (Kentucky) Asteracanthus siderius (87058)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Russian Federation Elasmobranchii indet. (35710 35711 35712 35713)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Canada (New Brunswick) Doliodus problematicus (232474)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47Canada (New Brunswick) Diplodus problematicus (197260)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Russian Federation Elasmobranchii indet. (35720)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Belarus Elasmobranchii indet. (225882) Lugalepis multispinata (225881)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Estonia Elasmobranchii n. gen. (225851)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Antarctica Elasmobranchii indet. (207098)
Early/Lower Frasnian382.31 - 379.0Iran Elasmobranchii indet. (226048)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation (Komi Republic) Hybodontidae indet. (133351)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Australia (Western Australia) Elasmobranchii indet., Protacrodus sp. (232511 232512)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Russian Federation Hybodontidae indet. (133350) Hybodontidae indet., Protacrodus sp. (133345)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15Australia (New South Wales) Elasmobranchii indet., Protacrodus sp. (232510)
Late/Upper Devonian382.31 - 358.86USA (California) Cladodontida indet. (206454)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Russian Federation Protacrodus vetustus (133356)
Early/Lower Famennian372.15 - 368.5Iran Elasmobranchii indet., Protacrodus sp. (239379)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Belarus (Homel) Protacrodus sp. (232528)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Russian Federation Protacrodontidae indet. (133360) Sphenacanthus sp., Cladodontida indet., Protacrodus sp. (133361)