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Crossopterygii

Crossopterygii

Taxonomy
Crossopterygidae was named by Huxley (1861). It is extant.

It was reranked as the superorder Crossopterygia by Cope (1887), Hay (1902); it was reranked as the order Crossopterygii by Woodward (1891), Gadow (1898), Woodward (1916); it was reranked as the unranked clade Crossopterygii by Jaekel (1911), Säve-Söderbergh (1934); it was reranked as the subclass Crossopterygii by Heintz (1934), Jordan (1963); it was corrected as Crossopterygii by Daly (1973).

It was assigned to Ganoidei by Huxley (1861); to Teleostomi by Hay (1902); to Holostea by Jaekel (1911); to Teleostomi by Cope (1887), Woodward (1916); to Choanata by Säve-Söderbergh (1934); to Teleostomi by Woodward (1891), Gadow (1898), Heintz (1934); to Pisces by Jordan (1963); and to Sarcopterygii by Daly (1973).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1861Crossopterygidae Huxley p. 24
1887Crossopterygia Cope p. 1017
1891Crossopterygii Woodward p. 316
1898Crossopterygii Gadow p. 7
1902Crossopterygia Hay p. 356
1911Crossopterygii Jaekel p. 75
1916Crossopterygii Woodward p. 21
1934Crossopterygii Heintz p. S181
1934Crossopterygii Säve-Söderbergh p. 17
1963Crossopterygii Jordan p. 608
1973Crossopterygii Daly p. 567

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
—Eugnathostomata
—Teleostomi(Bonaparte 1836)
orderCrossopterygii()
orderCrossopterygii()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Crossopterygii Huxley 1861
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G. †Osteopleurus Schaeffer 1941
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†Osteopleurus milleri Shainin 1943
†Osteopleurus newarki Bryant 1934
Or. †Cyclolepidi Jaekel 1911
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Invalid names: Diplocerci Jaekel 1911 [empty], Holoptychii Jaekel 1911 [empty], Onychodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty]
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G. †Diplopterus Agassiz 1843
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†Diplopterus agassizi Traill 1841
G. †Megalichthys Agassiz 1835
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†Megalichthys hibberti Agassiz 1835
†Megalichthys intermedius Woodward 1891
†Megalichthys laevis Traquair 1890
†Megalichthys laticeps Traquair 1884
†Megalichthys maxillaris Agassiz 1843
†Megalichthys mullisoni Downs and Daeschler 2020
†Megalichthys nitens Fritsch 1889
†Megalichthys priscus Agassiz 1843
†Megalichthys pygmaeus Traquair 1841
†Megalichthys rugosus Young 1870
Invalid names: Centrodus M'Coy 1848 [synonym]
G. †Parabatrachus Owen 1853
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†Parabatrachus colei Owen 1853
Fm. †Saurodipterini Huxley 1861
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G. †Triplopterus M'Coy 1855
Invalid names: Amii Jaekel 1911 [empty], Belonorhynchi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Belonostomi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Coelacanthini [empty], Eugnathi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Haplistia Cope 1870 [empty], Heterocerci Jaekel 1911 [empty], Lepidostei Huxley [empty], Platysomi Traquair [empty], Polypterini Bonaparte 1837 [empty], Taxistia Cope 1887 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pragian to the top of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian or 413.02000 to 149.20000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 410.62 Ma

Collections (45 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47Germany Crossopterygii indet. (239016)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62China (Yunnan) Osteolepidae indet. (196858)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5Russian Federation Crossopterygii indet. (35710 35711 35712 35749)
Emsian - Givetian410.62 - 382.31Antarctica Osteolepidae indet. (207077 207084 207085)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Russian Federation Crossopterygii indet. (35715 35720)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Australia (South Australia) Crossopterygii indet. (239524)
Early/Lower Givetian - Middle Givetian387.95 - 383.4Australia (New South Wales) Osteolepidae indet. (238202)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Antarctica Osteolepidae indet. (207070 207081 207082 207083 207089 207090 207092 207095 207098)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Australia (Victoria) Crossopterygii indet. (239411)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Australia (Victoria) Osteolepidae indet. (239421)
Late/Upper Givetian - Early/Lower Frasnian383.4 - 379.0Venezuela Osteolepidae indet., Crossopterygii indet. (239502)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Arizona) Crossopterygii indet. (238077)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86USA (Pennsylvania) Megalichthys mullisoni (196360)
Arundian346.7 - 339.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Megalichthys sp. (90682)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9USA (Iowa) Osteolepidae indet. (68318)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Megalichthys sp. (230478)
Pendleian330.3 - 326.9United Kingdom (England) Crossopterygii indet. (22726)
Serpukhovian330.3 - 323.4United Kingdom (Scotland) Megalichthys sp. (235483)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9United Kingdom Centrodus striatulus (132777) Megalichthys hibberti (132730 132731)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (Flintshire) Megalichthys hibberti (233401)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0United Kingdom Megalichthys pygmaeus (137309)
Cisuralian298.9 - 274.4Norway (Akhershus) Megalichthys sp., Crossopterygii indet. (125173)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7USA (North Carolina) Osteopleurus sp. (89149)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (New Jersey) Osteopleurus newarki (91743 190915) Osteopleurus newarki, Osteopleurus milleri (12856)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Pennsylvania) Coelacanthus newarki (99375) Osteopleurus newarki (221018)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Germany (Bavaria) Crossopterygii indet. (132944)