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Euungulata

Mammalia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1766Ungulata Linnaeus
1821Ungulata Gray p. 305
1825Ungulata Gray p. 342
1850Ungulata Bonaparte p. 1
1883Ungulata Flower p. 184
1889Ungulata Ameghino p. 354
1889Ungulata Cope p. 875
1891Ungulata Flower and Lydekker p. 89
1894Ungulata Ameghino p. 11
1897Ungulata Parker and Haswell p. 452
1898Ungulata Gadow p. 45
1902Ungulata Hay p. 601
1906Ungulata Andrews p. 1
1908Ungulata Lambe
1910Ungulata Gregory p. 466
1911Ungulati Jaekel p. 237
1930Ungulata Hay p. 600
1937Ungulata Thorpe p. 31
1975Eparctocyona McKenna p. 41
1975Ungulata McKenna p. 42
1989Ungulata Prothero and Schoch p. 530
1998Ungulata Archibald
2001Euungulata Waddell et al. p. 148 figs. Figure 3
2003Ungulata McKenna and Lofgren p. 635
2005Ungulata Shoshani and Tassy p. 9
2008Eparctocyona McKenna and Honey p. 32
2010Euungulata Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
RankNameAuthor
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Euungulata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Euungulata Waddell et al. 2001
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Unr. Artiodactylamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
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Unr. Artiodactyla Owen 1848 [even-toed ungulate]
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Subfm. †Antiacodontinae
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G. †Sarcolemur Cope 1875
Superfm. †Cainotherioidea Camp and VanDerHoof 1940
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Fm. †Cainotheriidae Cope 1881
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Subfm. †Cainotheriinae Camp and VanderHoof 1940
Subfm. †Oxacroninae Hurzeler 1936
G. †Palembertina Weppe et al. 2020
Fm. †Robiacinidae Weppe et al. 2019
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G. †Robiacina Sudre 1969
Superfm. †Choeropotamoidea
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Fm. †Choeropotamidae Owen 1845
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G. †Amphirhagatherium Deperet 1908
G. †Anthracobunodon Heller 1934
G. †Choeropotamus Desmarest 1822
G. †Cuisitherium Sudre et al. 1983
G. †Diplopus Kowalewsky 1873
G. †Hallebune Erfurt and Sudre 1995
G. †Haplobunodon Deperet 1908
G. †Lophiobunodon Deperet 1908
G. †Masilabune Tobien 1980
G. †Rhagatherium Pictet 1857
G. †Thaumastognathus Trouessart 1898
Fm. †Climacoceratidae Hamilton 1978
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G. †Climacoceras MacInnes 1936
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Climacoceras africanus MacInnes 1936
Climacoceras gentryi Hamilton 1978
G. †Prolibytherium Arambourg 1961
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Prolibytherium fusus Danowitz et al. 2016
Prolibytherium magnieri Arambourg 1961
Invalid names: Climacoceratinae Hamilton 1978 [empty], Sperrgebietomerycinae Morales et al. 1999 [empty]
Fm. †Diacodexeidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
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G. †Bunophorus Sinclair 1914
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Bunophorus etsagicus Cope 1882
Bunophorus grangeri Sinclair 1914
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Invalid names: Wasatchia dorseyana Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Wasatchia lysitensis Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
Bunophorus pattersoni Krishtalka and Stucky 1986
Bunophorus robustus Sinclair 1914
Bunophorus sinclairi Guthrie 1966
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Invalid names: Bunophorus gazini Guthrie 1971 [synonym]
G. †Diacodexis Cope 1882
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Diacodexis antunesi Estravís and Russell 1989
Diacodexis corsaensis Checa 2004
Diacodexis gazini Godinot 1978
Diacodexis gigasei Smith 1996
Diacodexis gracilis Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
Diacodexis ilicis Gingerich 1989
Diacodexis indicus Bajpai et al. 2005
Diacodexis kelleyi Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
Diacodexis metsiacus Cope 1882
Diacodexis minutus Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
Diacodexis morrisi Hooker 2010
Diacodexis parvus Kumar et al. 2010
Diacodexis primus Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
Diacodexis secans Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Diacodexis laticuneus Cope 1882 [synonym], Diacodexis olseni Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Mioclaenus brachystomus Cope 1882 [synonym]
Diacodexis varleti Sudre 1983
Invalid names: Trigonolestes Cope 1894 [synonym], Wasatchia Sinclair 1914 [synonym]
G. †Gujaratia Bajpai et al. 2005
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Gujaratia pakistanensis Thewissen et al. 1983
G. †Jiangsudon Metais et al. 2008
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Jiangsudon shanghuangensis Metais et al. 2008
G. †Magwetherium Ducrocq et al. 2016
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Magwetherium burmense Ducrocq et al. 2016
G. †Neodiacodexis West and Atkins 1970
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Neodiacodexis emryi West and Atkins 1970
G. †Simpsonodus Krishtalka and Stucky 1986
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Simpsonodus chacensis Cope 1875
G. †Tapochoerus McKenna 1959
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Tapochoerus egressus Stock 1934
Tapochoerus mcmillini Walsh 2000
Invalid names: Bunophorinae Stucky and Krishtalka 1990 [empty]
Superfm. †Dichobunoidea Gill 1872
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G. †Acoessus Cope 1881
Fm. †Cebochoeridae Lydekker
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G. †Acotherulum Gervais 1850
G. †Cebochoerus Gervais 1852
G. †Choeromorus Gervais 1848
G. †Gervachoerus Sudre 1978
G. †Moiachoerus Golpe-Posse 1972
Fm. †Dichobunidae Gill 1872
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G. †Aksyiria Gabunia 1973
G. †Cadutherium Métais et al. 2007
G. †Chorlakkia Gingerich et al. 1979
Subfm. †Dichobuninae Turner 1849
G. †Dulcidon Van Valen 1965
Subfm. †Eurodexeinae Erfurt and Sudre 1996
G. †Haqueina Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Subfm. †Helohyinae Marsh 1877
Subfm. †Hyperdichobuninae Gentry and Hooker 1988
Subfm. †Lantianiinae Metais et al. 2004
G. †Neochorlakkia Ducrocq et al. 2022
G. †Pakibune Thewissen et al. 1987
G. †Paraphenacodus Gabunia 1971
G. †Wutuhyus Tong and Wang 2006
Invalid names: Diacodexinae Gazin 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Helohyidae Marsh 1877
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G. †Achaenodon Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Protelotherium Osborn 1895 [synonym]
G. †Archaenodon Cope 1873
G. †Discritochoerus Gazin 1956
G. †Dyscritochoerus Gazin 1956
G. †Gobiohyus Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Heliosus Burger and Jolley 2020
G. †Helohyus Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Lophiohyus Sinclair 1914 [synonym], Thinotherium Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinotherium Cope 1870 [synonym]
G. †Ithygrammodon Osborn et al. 1878
G. †Lophiohys
G. †Pakkokuhyus Holroyd and Ciochon 1995
G. †Parahyus Marsh 1876
G. †Progenitohyus Ducrocq et al. 1997
Fm. †Homacodontidae Marsh 1849
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G. †Antiacodon Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Nanomeryx Marsh 1894 [synonym]
G. †Asiohomacodon Tsubamoto et al. 2003
G. †Auxontodon Gazin 1958
G. †Bunomeryx Wortman 1898
G. †Gagadon Stucky and Covert 2014
G. †Hexacodus Gazin 1952
G. †Homacodon Marsh 1872
G. †Hylomeryx Peterson 1919
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Invalid names: Sphenomeryx Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Limeryx Metais et al. 2005
G. †Mesomeryx Peterson 1919
G. †Microsus Leidy 1870
G. †Mytonomeryx Gazin 1955
G. †Pentacemylus Peterson 1932
G. †Texodon West 1982
G. †Tsaganohyus Kondrashov et al. 2004
Invalid names: Bunomerycini Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Homacodontini Marsh 1894 [empty]
Fm. †Leptochoeridae Marsh 1894
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G. †Ibarus Storer 1984
G. †Laredochoerus Westgate 1994
G. †Leptochoerus Leidy 1856
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Invalid names: Laopithecus Marsh 1875 [synonym]
G. †Stibarus Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Menotherium Cope 1874 [synonym], Nanochoerus Macdonald 1955 [synonym]
Invalid names: Diacodexis woltonensis Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. †Mixtotheriidae Pearson 1927
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G. †Mixtotherium Filhol 1880
Fm. †Raoellidae Sahni et al. 1981
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G. †Indohyus Ranga Rao 1971
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Invalid names: Kunmunella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym], Metkatius Kumar and Sahni 1985 [synonym], Raoella Sahni and Khare 1971 [synonym]
G. †Khirtharia Pilgrim 1940
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Invalid names: Bunodentus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
G. †Rajouria Rana et al. 2021
G. †Eolantianus Averianov 1996
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Eolantianus russelli Averianov 1996
G. †Erlianhyus Li and Li 2022
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Erlianhyus primitivus Li and Li 2022
G. †Hsanotherium Ducrocq et al. 2000
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Hsanotherium parvum Ducrocq et al. 2000
G. †Myanmarius Tsubamoto et al. 2013
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Myanmarius chitseini Tsubamoto et al. 2013
Subor. Omnivora
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G. †Hadrohyus Leidy 1872
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Hadrohyus supremus Leidy 1872
G. †Raphenacodus Gabunia 1971
Unr. Ruminantiamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
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Fm. †Protoceratidae Marsh 1891 [protoceratid]
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G. †Calops Marsh 1894
G. †Heteromeryx Matthew 1905
G. †Leptoreodon Wortman 1898
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Invalid names: Camelomeryx Scott 1898 [synonym], Merycodesmus Scott 1898 [synonym]
G. †Leptotragulus Scott and Osborn 1887
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Invalid names: Parameryx Marsh 1894 [synonym]
G. †Poabromylus Peterson 1932
Subfm. †Protoceratinae
G. †Pseudoprotoceras Cook 1934
Subfm. †Synthetoceratinae Frick 1937
G. †Toromeryx Wilson 1974
G. †Trigenicus Douglass 1903
Invalid names: Leptotragulinae [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Ruminantia Scopoli 1777 [ruminant]
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Fm. †Agriochoeridae Leidy 1869 [agriochoerid]
Fm. †Andegamerycidae Ginsburg and Morales 1989
G. †Delahomeryx Stevens et al. 1969
G. †Krabitherium Métais et al. 2007
G. †Merycotherium Bojanus 1834
G. †Mosaicomeryx Mennecart and Métais 2015
G. †Paalitherium Métais et al. 2017
G. †Palaeohypsodontus Trofimov 1958
Unr. Pecora Linnaeus 1758
G. †Prodremotherium Filhol 1877
G. †Sanitherium von Meyer 1866
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Invalid names: Diamantohyus Stromer 1926 [synonym], Xenochoerus Zdarsky 1909 [synonym]
G. †Thandaungia Métais 2006
Infraor. Tragulina Flower 1883
Invalid names: Anoplotheriadae Gray 1821 [empty], Giraffoidea Gray 1821 [empty], Hispanomerycidae Moya 1986 [empty]
Subor. Suiformes Jaeckel 1911
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Invalid names: Anthracotherioidea Gill 1872 [empty], Palaeodonta Matthew [synonym]
Superfm. Suoidea Gray 1821
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G. †Doliochoerus Filhol 1882
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Doliochoerus quercyi Filhol 1882
G. †Egatochoerus Ducrocq 1994
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Egatochoerus jaegeri Ducrocq 1994
G. †Odoichoerus Tong and Zhao 1986
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Odoichoerus uniconus Tong and Zhao 1986
G. †Palaeochoerus Pomel 1847
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Palaeochoerus gergovianus De Blainville 1846
Palaeochoerus minus Gope Posse 1972
Palaeochoerus pusilus Ginsburg 1974
Palaeochoerus typus Pomel 1847
G. †Schizochoerus Crusafont-Pairo and Lavocat 1954
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Schizochoerus anatoliensis van der Made 1997
Schizochoerus arambourgi Ozansoy 1965
Schizochoerus sinapensis van der Made 1997
Schizochoerus vallesiensis Crusafont and Lavocat 1954
Fm. Suidae Gray 1821 [pig]
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Subfm. †Cainochoerinae Pickford 1995
G. †Dinochoerus Peterson 1905
G. †Eocenchoerus Liu 2001
G. †Eumaiochoerus Hurzeler 1982
G. †Gerontochoerus Leakey 1943
G. †Hemichoerus Filhol 1882
G. †Hippopotamodon Lydekker 1877
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Invalid names: Dicoryphochoerus Pilgrim 1926 [synonym], Limnostonyx Ginsburg 1988 [synonym]
G. †Hyosus Pilgrim 1926
Subfm. †Hyotheriinae Cope 1888
Subfm. †Kubanochoerinae Gabunia 1958
G. †Kubanochoerus Gabunia 1955
Subfm. †Listriodontinae Simpson 1945
G. †Lophochoerus Pilgrim 1926
G. †Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald 1969
G. †Mesochoerus Shaw and Cooke 1941
G. †Microstonyx Pilgrim 1926
Subfm. †Namachoerinae Pickford 1995
Subfm. †Palaeochoerinae Matthew 1924
G. †Paradoxodonides Strand 1943
G. †Promesochoerus Leakey 1965
G. †Pronotochoerus Leakey 1943
Subfm. †Schizochoerinae Golpe Posse 1972
Subfm. Suinae Gray 1821
Subfm. †Tetraconodontinae Lydekker 1886
Invalid names: Babyrousinae Thenius 1970 [empty], Chaeropotamina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Phacochoeridae Gray 1868 [synonym]
G. †Taucanamo Simpson 1945
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Taucanamo grandaevum Fraas 1870
Taucanamo inonuensis Pickford and Ertürk 1979
Taucanamo primum van der Made 1997
Taucanamo sansaniense Lartet 1851
Invalid names: Palaeochoeridae Matthew 1924 [invalid subgroup], Sanitheriidae Simpson 1945 [empty], Suina Gray 1868 [invalid subgroup], Suinamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym]
Fm. †Tapirulidae Cope 1879
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G. †Obotherium Bai et al. 2023
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Obotherium parvum Bai et al. 2023
Obotherium tongi Bai et al. 2023
G. †Tapiruloides Bai et al. 2023
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Tapiruloides usuensis Bai et al. 2023
G. †Tapirulus Gervais 1850
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Tapirulus depereti Stehlin 1910
Tapirulus hyracinus Gervais 1850
Tapirulus majori Stehlin 1910
Tapirulus perrierensis Sudre 1978
Tapirulus schlosseri Stehlin 1910
G. †Tragulohyus Gervais 1874
Subor. Tylopoda Illiger 1811
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Fm. †Amphimerycidae Stehlin 1910
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G. †Amphimeryx Pictet 1853
G. †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin 1919
Superfm. †Anoplotherioidea Bonaparte 1850
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Fm. †Anoplotheriidae Gray 1821
Fm. †Xiphodontidae Flower 1883
Fm. †Oromerycidae Gazin 1955
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G. †Camelodon Granger 1910
G. †Eotylopus Matthew 1910
G. †Malaquiferus Gazin 1955
G. †Merycobunodon Golz 1976
G. †Montanatylopus Prothero 1986
G. †Oromeryx Marsh 1894
G. †Protylopus Wortman 1898
Invalid names: Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym], Cameloidea [empty], Oreodontoidea Gill 1872 [empty], Xiphodontoidea Flower 1883 [empty]
Invalid names: Achaenodontidae [empty], Ancodonta Matthew [empty], Antiacodontidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [empty], Booidea [empty], Bunomerycidae Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Cetartiodactyla Montgelard et al. 1997 [synonym], Eurytheriidae Cope 1889 [empty], Haplobunodontidae Sudre 1978 [empty], Hyodonta Matthew 1929 [empty], Leptochoerinae [empty], Merycoidodontoidea [empty], Neoselenodontia Webb and Taylor 1980 [empty], Nonruminantia Gregory 1910 [empty], Trigonolestidae [empty]
Unr. †Panperissodactyla Welker et al. 2015
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Or. †Panameriungulata de Muizon and Cifelli 2000
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Fm. †Didolodontidae Simpson 1934
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G. †Archaeohyracotherium Ameghino 1906
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G. †Argyrolambda Ameghino 1904
G. †Depaulacoutoia Cifelli and Ortiz-Jaureguizar 2014
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Invalid names: Paulacoutoia Cifelli 1983 [replaced]
G. †Didolodus Ameghino 1897
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Didolodus magnus Gelfo 2010
Didolodus minor Simpson 1948
Didolodus multicuspis Ameghino 1897
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Invalid names: Argyrolambda conidens Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Argyrolambda conulifera Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Didolodus colligatus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Didolodus crassicuspis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Didolodus dispar Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Lonchoconus lanceolatus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Nephacodus latigonus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cephanodus Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Lonchoconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Nephacodus Ameghino 1902 [synonym]
G. †Enneoconus Ameghino 1901
G. †Ernestokokenia Ameghino 1901
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Ernestokokenia chaishoer Simpson 1935
Ernestokokenia nitida Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Enneoconus parvidens Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Ernestokokenia marginata Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Ernestokokenia patagonica Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Euprotogonia trigonalis Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Ernestokokenia yirunhor Simpson 1935
Invalid names: Notoprotogonia Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Escribania Bonaparte et al. 1993
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Escribania chubutensis Bonaparte et al. 1993
Escribania talonicuspis Gelfo et al. 2007
G. †Lamegoia Paula Couto 1952
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Lamegoia conodonta Paula Couto 1952
G. †Paulogervaisia Ameghino 1901
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Paulogervaisia inusta Ameghino 1901
Paulogervaisia mamma Ameghino 1901
Paulogervaisia porca Ameghino 1901
G. †Proectocion Ameghino 1904
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Proectocion argentinus Ameghino 1904
Proectocion precisus Ameghino 1904
Invalid names: Oxybunotherium Pascual 1965 [synonym]
G. †Raulvaccia Bonaparte et al. 1993
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Raulvaccia peligrensis Bonaparte et al. 1993
G. †Ricardocifellia Mones 2015
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Ricardocifellia protocenica Paula Couto 1952
G. †Salladolodus Soria and Hoffstetter 1983
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Salladolodus deuterotherioides Soria and Hoffstetter 1983
G. †Saltaodus Gelfo et al. 2020
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Saltaodus sirolli Gelfo et al. 2020
G. †Umayodus Gelfo and Sigé 2011
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Umayodus raimondi Gelfo and Sigé 2011
Invalid names: Bunolitopternidae Schlosser 1823 [synonym], Didolodidae Scott 1913 [replaced]
Subor. †Litopterna Ameghino 1889
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Fm. †Adianthidae Ameghino 1891
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Subfm. †Adianthinae
Subfm. †Indaleciinae Bond and Vucetich 1983
G. †Proheptoconus Bordas 1936
G. †Eolicaphrium Ameghino 1902
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Eolicaphrium primarium Ameghino 1902
Subor. †Lopholipterna Cifelli 1983
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Invalid names: Macrauchenioidea Cifelli 1983 [empty], Proterotherioidea Ameghino 1887 [empty]
Fm. †Macraucheniidae Ameghino 1889
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G. †Amilnedwardsia Ameghino 1901
Subfm. †Cramaucheniinae Ameghino 1902
G. †Ernestohaeckelia Ameghino 1901
G. †Llullataruca McGrath et al. 2018
G. †Macrauchenidia Cabrera 1939
Subfm. †Macraucheniinae Gervais 1855
G. †Macrauchenopsis Paula Couto 1945
G. †Notodiaphorus Loomis 1914
G. †Pseudomacrauchenia Kraglievich 1930
G. †Rutimeyeria Ameghino 1901
G. †Victorlemoineia Ameghino 1901
Invalid names: Polymorphinae Simpson 1945 [empty]
Fm. †Mesorhinidae Ameghino 1891
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G. †Coelosoma Ameghino 1891
G. †Mesorhinus Ameghino 1885
G. †Pseudocoelosoma Ameghino 1891
Fm. †Notonychopidae Soria 1989
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G. †Notonychops Soria 1989
G. †Requisia Bonaparte and Morales 1997
G. †Wainka Simpson 1935
Fm. †Proterotheriidae Ameghino 1887
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G. †Anisolambda Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Josepholeidya Ameghino 1901 [synonym]
Subfm. †Anisolambdinae Cifelli 1983
G. †Anisolophus Burmeister 1885
Tr. †Brachytherini Ameghino 1891
G. †Deuterotherium Ameghino 1895
G. †Diplasiotherium Rovereto 1914
G. †Eoauchenia Ameghino 1887
G. †Eoproterotherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Eoprotherotherium Ameghino 1904
G. †Epecuenia Cabrera 1939
G. †Guilielmofloweria Ameghino 1901
G. †Heteroglyphis Roth 1899
G. †Lambdaconus Ameghino 1897
G. †Licaphrops Ameghino 1904
G. †Lophogododon Ameghino 1904
Subfm. †Megadolodinae Cifelli and Villarroel 1997
G. †Mesolicaphrium McGrath et al. 2020
G. †Neodolodus Hoffstetter and Soria 1986
G. †Neolicaphrium Frenguelli 1921
G. †Olisanophus McGrath et al. 2020
G. †Paramacrauchenia Bordas 1939
G. †Phoradiadius Simpson et al. 1962
G. †Picturotherium Kramarz and Bond 2005
G. †Polyacrodon Roth 1899
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Invalid names: Decaconus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Oroacrodon Ameghino 1904 [objective synonym], Periacrodon Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Prolicaphrium Ameghino 1902
G. †Promylophis Shockey et al. 2022
Subfm. †Proterotheriinae Ameghino 1885
Tr. †Proterotherini Ameghino 1891
G. †Prothoatherium Ameghino 1902
G. †Ricardolydekkeria Ameghino 1901
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Invalid names: Heterolambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym], Lopholambda Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
G. †Tetramerorhinus Ameghino 1894
G. †Thoatherium Ameghino 1887
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Invalid names: Merycodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Rhagodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
G. †Villarroelia Cifelli and Guerrero Diaz 1997
G. †Xesmodon Berg 1899
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Invalid names: Glyphodon Roth 1899 [replaced]
Invalid names: Anisolambda nodulosa Roth 1904 [nomen vanum], Bunodontheridae Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Fm. †Protolipternidae Cifelli 1983
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G. †Asmithwoodwardia Ameghino 1901
G. †Miguelsoria Cifelli 1983
G. †Protolipterna Cifelli 1983
Fm. †Sparnotheriodontidae Soria 1980
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G. †Notiolofos Bond et al. 2009
G. †Notolophus Bond et al. 2006
G. †Sparnotheriodon Soria 1980
G. †Thoatheriopsis Soria 2001
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Invalid names: Eolitopterna Soria 2001 [empty], Lambdaconus elegans Roth 1904 [nomen dubium], Paulogervaisia celata Ameghino 1901 [nomen dubium], Proacrodon Roth 1899 [nomen vanum], Proacrodon transformatus Roth 1899 [nomen vanum], Proadiantus gibbus Ameghino 1901 [nomen vanum]
Superor. Perissodactylamorpha Rose et al. 2020
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Or. Perissodactyla Owen 1848 [odd-toed ungulate]
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Fm. †Anthracobunidae Wells and Gingerich 1983
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G. †Anthracobune Pilgrim 1940
G. †Ishatherium Sahni and Kumar 1980
G. †Jozaria Wells and Gingerich 1983
G. †Lammidhania Gingerich 1977
G. †Obergfellia Cooper et al. 2014
G. †Pilgrimella Dehm and Oettingen-Spielberg 1958
Fm. †Brontotheriidae Marsh 1873 [brontothere]
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G. †Balochititanops Missiaen et al. 2011
Subfm. †Brontotheriinae Marsh 1873
G. †Danjiangia Wang 1995
Subfm. †Embolotheriinae Osborn 1929
Subfm. †Eotitanopinae Osborn 1913
G. †Lambdotherium Cope 1880
G. †Metatelmatherium Granger and Gregory 1938
G. †Mulkrajanops Kumar and Sahni 1985
G. †Pakotitanops West 1980
Subfm. †Palaeosyopinae Steinmann and Döderlein 1890
G. †Sivatitanops Pilgrim 1925
G. †Sthenodectes Gregory 1912
G. †Xylotitan Mihlbachler and Samuels 2016
Invalid names: Brontopinae Osborn 1914 [invalid subgroup], Epimanteoceratinae Granger and Gregory 1943 [empty], Menodontidae Cope 1881 [invalid subgroup], Titanotheriidae [synonym]
Fm. †Cambaytheriidae Bajpai et al. 2005
+
G. †Kalitherium Bajpai et al. 2006
G. †Cambaytherium Bajpai et al. 2005
+
Cambaytherium gracilis Smith et al. 2016
Cambaytherium marinus Bajpai et al. 2006
Cambaytherium thewissi Bajpai et al. 2005
+
Invalid names: Cambaytherium bidens Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Cambaytherium minor Bajpai et al. 2005 [synonym], Indobune vastanensis Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Invalid names: Indobune Rose et al. 2006 [synonym]
Or. †Desmostylia Reinhart 1953 [desmostylian]
+
G. †Behemotops Domning et al. 1986
Or. †Desmostyloidea Abel 1933
G. †Jamilcotatus Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
G. †Kronokotherium Pronina 1957
G. †Seuku Beatty and Cockburn 2015
Invalid names: Cornwalliidae Shikama 1966 [empty], Desmostyliformes Hay 1923 [synonym]
Superfm. Equoidea Hay 1902
+
G. †Cymbalophus Hooker 1980
Fm. Equidae Gray 1821 [horse]
Fm. †Pachynolophidae Pavlow 1888
Fm. †Palaeotheriidae Bonaparte 1850
G. †Ghazijhippus Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
+
Ghazijhippus talibhasani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Hallensia Franzen and Haubold 1986
+
Hallensia louisi Hooker 1994
Hallensia matthesi Franzen and Haubold 1986
Subor. †Lophodontomorpha Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
+
Infraor. †Euperissodactyla Hooker and Dashzeveg 2004
G. †Orientolophus Ting 1993
G. †Mesolambdolophus Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
+
Mesolambdolophus setoni Holbrook and Lapergola 2011
G. †Nakusia Ginsburg et al. 1999
+
Nakusia shahrigensis Ginsburg et al. 1999
G. †Paschatherium Russell 1963
+
Paschatherium dolloi Teilhard de Chardin 1927
Paschatherium levei Hooker and Russell 2012
Paschatherium marianae Estravís and Russell 1992
Paschatherium plaziati Marandat 1989
Paschatherium russelli Godinot 1978
Paschatherium yvettae Gheerbrant et al. 1997
G. †Perissobune Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
+
Perissobune intizarkhani Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
Perissobune munirulhaqi Missiaen and Gingerich 2014
G. †Skopaiolophus Métais et al. 2006
+
Skopaiolophus burmese Métais et al. 2006
Subor. †Solidungula Cuvier
+
Fm. †Anchitheridae Leidy 1869 [anchitheriine horse]
Unr. Tapiromorpha Haeckel 1873
+
Unr. †Ancylopoda Cope 1889
G. †Cardiolophus Gingerich 1991
Unr. †Ceratomorpha Wood 1937
G. †Homogalax Hay 1899
Fm. †Isectolophidae Peterson 1919
G. †Isectolophus Scott and Osborn 1887
+
Invalid names: Parisectolophus Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Kalakotia Ranga Rao 1972
+
Invalid names: Aulaxolophus Ranga Rao 1972 [synonym]
Fm. †Lophialetidae Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Systemodon Cope 1881
Invalid names: Breviodontidae [empty], Moropomorpha [synonym], Rhodopagidae [empty]
G. †Teilhardimys Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
Teilhardimys brisswalteri Hooker and Russell 2012
Teilhardimys musculus Kretzoi and Kretzoi 2000
+
Invalid names: Microhyus musculus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
Teilhardimys reisi Antunes et al. 1987
Invalid names: Microhyus Teilhard de Chardin 1927 [replaced]
+
Superfm. †Brontotherioidea Marsh 1873
Invalid names: Chelodactyla Scott 1913 [empty], Equina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Hippopotamus iravaticus Noetling 1897 [nomen dubium], Hyracotheriidae Cope 1881 [empty], Mesaxonia Marsh 1884 [empty], Rhinocerotida Owen 1845 [empty], Selenida McKenna and Bell 1997 [invalid subgroup], Stereopterna Ameghino 1889 [empty], Triplopodidae Cope 1881 [empty]
G. †Radinskya McKenna et al. 1989
+
Radinskya yupingae McKenna et al. 1989
Invalid names: Anthracobunia Ginsburg et al. 1999 [empty]
Unr. Phenacodonta McKenna 1975
+
G. †Olbitherium Tong et al. 2004
+
Olbitherium millenariusum Tong et al. 2004
Fm. †Phenacodontidae Cope 1881 [condylarth]
+
G. †Almogaver Crusafont-Pairo and Villalta 1954
G. †Copecion Gingerich 1989
+
Copecion davisi Gingerich 1989
G. †Eodesmatodon Zheng and Chi 1978
+
Eodesmatodon spanios Zheng and Chi 1978
G. †Lophocion Wang and Tong 1997
+
Lophocion asiaticus Wang and Tong 1997
Lophocion grangeri Bai et al. 2019
Subfm. †Meniscotheriinae Cope 1882
+
G. †Ectocion Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Gidleyina Simpson 1935 [synonym], Prosthecion Patterson and West 1973 [synonym]
G. †Meniscotherium Cope 1874
+
Invalid names: Hyracops Marsh 1892 [synonym]
G. †Phenacodus Cope 1873
+
Phenacodus bisonensis Gazin 1956
Phenacodus grangeri Simpson 1935
+
Invalid names: Tetraclaenodon transitus Dorr 1958 [synonym]
Phenacodus intermedius Granger 1915
Phenacodus magnus Thewissen 1990
Phenacodus matthewi Simpson 1935
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus gidleyi Simpson 1935 [synonym]
Phenacodus sulcatus Cope 1874
Phenacodus trilobatus Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus robustus Simpson 1937 [synonym]
Phenacodus vortmani Cope 1880
+
Invalid names: Phenacodus almiensis Gazin 1942 [synonym], Phenacodus apternus Cope 1882 [synonym], Phenacodus copei Granger 1915 [synonym]
Phenacodus zuniensis Cope 1881
Invalid names: Eohyus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Opisthotomus Cope 1875 [synonym], Phenacodus hemiconus Cope 1882 [nomen dubium], Phenacodus primaevus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Trispondylus Cope 1884 [replaced]
G. †Tetraclaenodon Scott 1892
+
+
Invalid names: Mioclaenus floverianus Cope 1888 [synonym], Phenacodus calceolatus Cope 1883 [synonym], Protogonia plicifera Cope 1882 [synonym], Protogonia subquadrata Cope 1881 [synonym], Protogonia zuniensis Cope 1888 [synonym], Tetraclaenodon symbolicus Gidley 1935 [synonym]
Invalid names: Euprotogonia Cope 1893 [synonym], Protogonia Cope 1881 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eparctocyona McKenna 1975 [synonym], Ungulata Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 300 gs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: s = species, g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Benton 1996, Legendre 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 70.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (13212 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni (75493)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Protungulatum sp. (14514)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Baioconodon nordicus (183109) Protungulatum coombsi (110464) Protungulatum gorgun (14674)
Pu166.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta minuial (14762)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (New Mexico) Arctocyon ferox (74549 125183) Loxolophus hyattianus (14794) Loxolophus kimbetovius, Loxolophus hyattianus, Oxyclaenus simplex, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14703) Loxolophus kimbetovius, Oxyclaenus simplex, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Mimotricentes mirielae (14760) Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus pentacus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14795) Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus pentacus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Oxyclaenus simplex, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Chriacus antiquus, Protogonodon grangeri (14662)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Baioconodon nordicum, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok harbichti (14743) Baioconodon nordicus (14693) Baioconodon sp., Baioconodon engdahli, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus erikseni (231045) Carcinodon aquilonius, Loxolophus sp., Protungulatum sp., Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyprimus sp., Oxyclaenus simplex, Protogonodon pentacus (14809) Carcinodon sp., Baioconodon nordicus (14744) Carcinodon sp., Loxolophus sp., Loxolophus schizophrenus, Baioconodon nordicus, Oxyclaenus sp. (14745) Mimatuta minuial (14701) Mimatuta minuial, Ragnarok engdahli (14694) Mimatuta morgoth (14675 108198 108199) Mimatuta sp. (14801 14802) Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni (14767) Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14773) Mimatuta sp., Ragnarok nordicum (14668 14669 14740 14789) Oxyclaenus pugnax, Protungulatum sp., Oxprimus albertensis, Tricentes sp. (14766) Oxyprimus erikseni (14696 14702) Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14660) Oxyprimus sp. (14665 14673) Protungulatum donnae (14663 14667 14753) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta minuial (231047) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14786) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni (14671) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok engdahli (14798) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14749) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus erikseni (193844) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth (14771) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14777) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14751) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta sp. (14759) Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14779) Protungulatum gorgun (14755 14757) Protungulatum gorgun, Mimatuta morgoth, Ragnarok nordicum (14782) Protungulatum gorgun, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Ragnarok nordicum (14763) Protungulatum gorgun, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni (14776) Protungulatum gorgun, Oxyprimus erikseni (14698) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Baioconodon engdahli, Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus sp., Oxyprimus erikseni, Baioconodon harbichti (14705) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14699 14754) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14788) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Ragnarok nordicum (14787) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni (14780) Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14784 14785) Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14676) Protungulatum mckeeveri, Ragnarok nordicum, Mimatuta minuial (14761) Protungulatum sp., Mimatuta sp. (14770) Protungulatum sp., Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Baioconodon sp., Mimatuta morgoth (14672) Protungulatum sp., Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok harbichti, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni (14741) Ragnarok engdahli, Mimatuta morgoth, Oxyprimus erikseni (14742) Ragnarok nordicum (14697 14700 14752 14758 14778)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Colorado) Arctocyonidae indet., Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyprimus galadrielae, Oxyclaenus subbituminus, Baioconodon cannoni (14658) Baioconodon denverensis (14774) Loxolophus hyattianus (14677 14792) Loxolophus hyattianus, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14683) Loxolophus sp. (209874 209879 209890 209965) Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14689) Protungulatum donnae, Baioconodon nordicus, Oxyprimus sp., Maiorana sp. (176863)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (North Dakota) Protungulatum sp. (14765)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Utah) Loxolophus pentacus (14736) Loxolophus pentacus, Oxyclaenus pugnax (14670) Loxolophus sp. (14739) Loxolophus sp., Protogonodon sp., Oxyclaenus sp. (14790) Loxolophus spiekeri, Oxyclaenus pugnax (14692) Oxyclaenus simplex (14791)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Wyoming) Arctocyonidae indet. (14715 14716 14735 14805) Arctocyonidae indet., Loxolophus hyattianus (14731) Arctocyonidae indet., Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14723) Arctocyonidae indet., Oxyprimus galadrielae (14804) Arctocyonidae indet., Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum donnae (14722) Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus sp., Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14729) Baioconodon sp. (14712) Loxolophus faulkneri (14706 14707) Loxolophus hyattianus (14728) Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Baioconodon middletoni (14797) Loxolophus priscus, Protungulatum donnae (14720) Loxolophus sp., Loxolophus faulkneri (14713) Mimatuta makpialutae, Ragnarok wovokae (14807) Mimatuta minuial, Oxyprimus putorius, Oxyprimus galadrielae, Maiorana noctiluca, Loxolophus nordicus (14808) Mimatuta sp. (14725) Oxyclaenus simplex (14803) Oxyprimus sp. (14710) Protungulatum donnae (14708 14709) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Maiorana ferrisensis (14711) Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum sloani, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus sp., Oxyprimus galadrielae (14796) Protungulatum donnae, Sigynorum magnadivisus, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus sp., Maiorana noctiluca (174233)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Arctocyonidae indet., Loxolophus schizophrenus, Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus sp. (14691) Carcinodon aquilonius, Loxolophus schizophrenus, Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus corax (14768) Protungulatum donnae (14737) Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp., Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok sp. (14756)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (North Dakota) Arctocyon sp., Thryptacodon australis, Phenacodus primaevus, Ectocion wyomingensis (14962)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Requisia vidmari, Escribania chubutensis, Escribania talonicuspis, Mioclaenidae indet. (95914) Wainka tshotshe (13782)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Carcinodon aquilonius (14764)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Belgium (Hainaut) Prolatidens waudruae (132949)
Puercan - Torrejonian66.0 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Arctocyon ferox (193958)
Paleogene66.0 - 23.03Ukraine (Luhansk) Zeuglodon sp. (224763)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58Spain (Barcelona) Phenacodontidae indet. (37114)
Tertiary66.0 - 2.58Poland Zeuglodon puschii (77355)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Mongolia (South Gobi Aimag) Artiodactyla indet., Bovidae indet. (137861)