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Laurasiatheria

Mammalia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1999Laurasiatheria Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Laurasiatheria Madsen et al. p. 610
2001Laurasiatheria Phillips et al. p. 1535
2001Laurasiatheria Waddell et al. p. 148
2005Laurasiatheria Averianov and Archibald p. 599
2007Laurasiatheria Wible et al.
2010Laurasiatheria Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
RankNameAuthor
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Laurasiatheria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Laurasiatheria Waddell et al. 1999
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Unr. Erinaceomorpha Gregory 1910
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Fm. †Chambelestidae Gheerbrant and Hartenberger 1999
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G. †Chambilestes Gheerbrant and Hartenberger 1999
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†Chambilestes foussanensis Gheerbrant and Hartenberger 1999
G. †Diacodon Cope 1875
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†Diacodon alticuspis Cope 1875
†Diacodon puercensis Matthew 1918
G. †Ghambilentes Unknown 2000
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†Ghambilentes foussanensis Gheerbrant and Hartenberger 1999
G. †Quadratodon De Bast and Smith 2017
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†Quadratodon sigei De Bast and Smith 2017
G. †Seia Russell and Gingerich 1981
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†Seia shahi Russell and Gingerich 1981
Fm. †Sespedectidae Novacek 1985
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Subfm. †Sespedectinae Novacek 1985
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G. †Colpocherus Beard and Dawson 2009
G. †Crypholestes Novacek 1980
+
Invalid names: Cryptolestes Novacek 1976 [replaced]
G. †Patriolestes Walsh 1998
G. †Proterixoides Stock 1935
G. †Sespedectes Stock 1935
G. †Talpavoides Bown and Schankler 1982
+
†Talpavoides dartoni Bown and Schankler 1982
G. †Talpavus Marsh 1872
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†Talpavus conjunctus Storer 1995
†Talpavus duplus Krishtalka 1976
†Talpavus sullivani Guthrie 1971
Fm. †Vastanidae Bajpai et al. 2005
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G. †Vastania Bajpai et al. 2005
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†Vastania sahnia Bajpai et al. 2005
Invalid names: Creotarsinae Hay 1930 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Ghamidtherium Sánchez-Villagra et al. 2007
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†Ghamidtherium dimaiensis Sánchez-Villagra et al. 2007
Subor. Soricomorpha Gregory 1910
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Fm. †Changlelestidae Tong and Wang 1993
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G. †Changlelestes Tong and Wang 1993
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†Changlelestes dissetiformis Tong and Wang 1993
G. †Ernosorex Wang and Li 1990
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†Ernosorex jilinensis Wang and Li 1990
Subfm. †Tupaiodontinae Butler 1988
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G. †Anatolechinos Wang 2008
G. †Ictopidium Zdansky 1930
G. †Tupaiodon Matthew and Granger 1924
G. †Zaraalestes Storch and Dashzeveg 1997
Fm. †Geolabididae McKenna 1960
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G. †Batodonoides Novacek 1976
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†Batodonoides powayensis Novacek 1976
†Batodonoides vanhouteni Bloch et al. 1998
†Batodonoides walshi Kelly 2010
G. †Centetodon Marsh 1872
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†Centetodon altidens Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Didelphodus ventanus White 1952 [synonym]
†Centetodon aztecus Lillegraven et al. 1981
†Centetodon bacchanalis McGrew et al. 1959
†Centetodon bembicophagus Lillegraven et al. 1981
†Centetodon chadronensis Lillegraven et al. 1981
†Centetodon divaricatus Korth 1992
†Centetodon hendryi Lillegraven et al. 1981
†Centetodon kuenzii Lillegraven et al. 1981
†Centetodon magnus Clark 1936
†Centetodon marginalis Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Embassis alternans Cope 1873 [synonym], Metacodon mellingeri Patterson and McGrew 1937 [synonym]
†Centetodon neashami Bown and Schankler 1982
†Centetodon patratus Bown and Schankler 1982
†Centetodon pulcher Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Hypacodon praecursor McKenna 1960 [synonym]
†Centetodon wolffi Macdonald 1965
Invalid names: Embassis Cope 1873 [synonym], Hypacodon McKenna 1960 [synonym], Protictops Peterson 1934 [synonym]
G. †Gobigeolabis Lopatin 2004
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†Gobigeolabis verigranum Lopatin 2004
G. †Marsholestes McKenna 1992
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†Marsholestes dasypelix Matthew 1909
G. †Stilpnodon Simpson 1935
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†Stilpnodon simplicidens Simpson 1935
Invalid names: Centetodontinae Trouessart 1879 [synonym], Metacodontidae Butler 1948 [synonym], Protictops alticuspidens Peterson 1934 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nycticonodon Quinet 1964
Fm. †Plesiosoricidae Winge 1917
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G. †Butselia Quinet and Misonne 1965
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†Butselia biveri Quinet and Misonne 1965
G. †Ordolestes Lopatin 2006
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†Ordolestes ordinatus Lopatin 2006
G. †Pakilestes Russell and Gingerich 1981
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†Pakilestes lathrius Russell and Gingerich 1981
G. †Plesiosorex Pomel 1848
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†Plesiosorex aydarlensis Kordikova 2000
†Plesiosorex coloradensis Wilson 1960
†Plesiosorex donroosai Green 1977
†Plesiosorex evolutus Ziegler 2006
†Plesiosorex germanicus Seemann 1938
†Plesiosorex greeni Martin and Lim 2004
†Plesiosorex latidens Hall 1929
†Plesiosorex schaffneri Engesser 1972
†Plesiosorex soricinoides Blainville 1838
+
Invalid names: Plesiosorex talpoides Pomel 1848 [synonym]
†Plesiosorex styriacus Hoffmann 1892
Invalid names: Meterix Hall 1929 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoneurogymnurus Gureev 1979
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G. †Siamosorex Peigné et al. 2009
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†Siamosorex debonisi Peigné et al. 2009
Invalid names: Butselidae Quinet and Misonne 1965 [synonym], Butseliinae Quinet and Misonne 1965 [empty], Plesiosoricinae Winge 1917 [empty]
Fm. Soricidae Fischer 1814 [shrew]
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G. †Alloblarinella Storch 1995
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†Alloblarinella europaea Reumer 1984
†Alloblarinella sinica Storch 1995
G. †Alluvisorex Hutchison 1966
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†Alluvisorex arcadentes Hutchison 1966
†Alluvisorex chasseae Tedford 1961
G. †Asoriculus Kretzoi 1959
G. †Beremendia Kormos 1930
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†Beremendia fissidens Petényi 1864
G. †Cokia Storch 1995
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†Cokia kowalskae Storch 1995
†Cokia robusta Rzebik-Kowalska 1989
G. †Cretasorex Nessov and Gureyev 1981
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†Cretasorex arkhangelskyi Nessov and Gureyev 1981
Subfm. Crocidosoricinae Reumer 1987
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G. †Carposorex Crochet 1975
G. †Clapasorex Crochet 1975
Tr. †Crocidosoricini Reumer 1987
G. †Florinia Ziegler 1989
G. †Lartetium Ziegler 1989
G. †Miosorex Kretzoi 1959
G. †Oligosorex Kretzoi 1959
Tr. †Oligosoricini Gureev 1971
G. †Soricella Doben-Florin 1964
G. †Srinitium Hugueney 1976
G. †Taatsiinia Ziegler et al. 2007
G. †Tavoonyia Ziegler et al. 2007
G. †Ulmensia Ziegler 1989
Subfm. Crocidurinae Milne Edwards 1874 [white-toothed shrew]
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G. Crocidura Wagler 1832
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Invalid names: Heliosorex Heller 1910 [synonym], Leucodon Fatio 1869 [synonym], Paurodus Schulze 1897 [synonym], Rhinomus Murray 1861 [synonym]
Tr. Crocidurini Milne Edwards 1872
Tr. †Scutisoricini Allen 1917
G. Suncus Ehrenberg 1832
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Invalid names: Pachyura Selys Longchamps 1839 [synonym], Plerodus Schulze 1897 [synonym]
Subfm. †Heterosoricinae Viret and Zapfe 1951
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G. †Atasorex Lopatin 2004
G. †Dinosorex Engesser 1972
G. †Domnina Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Miothen Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. †Gobisorex Sulimski 1970
G. †Heterosorex Gaillard 1915
G. †Ingentisorex Hutchison 1966
G. †Lusorex Storch and Qiu 2004
G. †Noritrimylus Korth et al. 2022
G. †Paradomnina Hutchison 1966
G. †Pseudotrimylus Gureev 1971
+
Invalid names: Trimylus Roger 1885 [synonym]
G. †Quercysorex Engesser 1975
G. †Wilsonosorex Martin 1978
Invalid names: Sorex kinkelini Zinndorf 1901 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Limnoecinae Repenning 1967
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G. †Angustidens Repenning 1967
G. †Limnoecus Stirton 1930
G. †Lunanosorex Jin and Kawamura 1996
+
Lunanosorex lii Jin and Kawamura 1996
G. †Nesiotites Bate 1945
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†Nesiotites corsicanus Bate 1945
†Nesiotites hidalgo Bate 1945
†Nesiotites rafelinensis Rofes et al. 2012
†Nesiotites similis Hensel 1855
G. †Paenepetenyia Storch 1995
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†Paenepetenyia zhudingi Storch 1995
G. †Parydrosorex Wilson 1968
+
†Parydrosorex concisus Wilson 1968
G. †Petenyiella Kretzoi 1956
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†Petenyiella zelcea Sulimski 1959
Invalid names: Allopachyura Kormos 1934 [synonym]
G. †Podihik Deraniyagala 1958
G. †Protosorex Scott 1894
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†Protosorex crassus Scott 1894
G. †Siwalikosorex Sahni and Khare 1976
Subfm. Soricinae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 [red-toothed shrew]
+
Tr. †Allosoricini Fejfar 1966
Tr. †Amblycoptini Kormos 1926
Tr. Anourosoricini Anderson 1879
Tr. Blarinini Kretzoi 1965
G. †Hemisorex Baudelot 1967
Tr. †Nectogalini Anderson 1879
Tr. Neomyini Matschie 1909
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Invalid names: Amblycoptinae Kormos 1926 [synonym], Anourosoricinae Anderson 1879 [synonym], Crossopinae Milne Edwards 1872 [synonym], Hydrosoridae Anon 1838 [synonym], Nectogalinae Anderson 1879 [synonym], Soriculi Winge 1917 [synonym]
Tr. Soricini Fischer von Waldheim 1817
Subfm. †Soricolestinae Lopatin 2002
+
G. †Soricolestes Lopatin 2002
G. †Zelceina Sulimski 1962
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†Zelceina kormosi Schlosser 1924
†Zelceina podlesicensis Rzebik-Kowalska 1990
†Zelceina soriculoides Sulimski 1959
Invalid names: Allosoricinae Fejfar 1966 [empty]
Superfm. Soricoidea Gill 1872
+
Fm. †Apternodontidae Matthew 1910
+
G. †Apternodus Matthew 1903
Subfm. †Asiapternodontinae Lopatin 2006
G. †Iconapternodus Tong 1997
Invalid names: Apternodontinae Matthew 1910 [empty], Oligoryctinae Asher et al. 2002 [empty], Parapternodontinae Asher et al. 2002 [empty]
+
G. †Clinopternodus Clark 1937
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Invalid names: Clinodon Clark 1936 [synonym]
G. †Cryptoryctes Reed 1954
G. †Micropternodus Matthew 1903
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Invalid names: Kentrogomphios White 1954 [synonym]
G. †Sinosinopa Qi 1987
Fm. †Nyctitheriidae Simpson 1928
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Subfm. †Amphidozotheriinae Sige 1976
Subfm. †Asionyctiinae Missiaen and Smith 2005
Subfm. †Eosoricodontinae Lopatin 2005
G. †Indonyctia Das et al. 2022
G. †Leptacodon Matthew and Granger 1921
G. †Limaconyssus Gingerich 1987
G. †Myolestes Matthew 1909
Subfm. †Nyctitheriinae Simpson 1928
G. †Nyctitherium Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Nyctilestes Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Subfm. †Placentidentinae Russell et al. 1973
Subfm. †Praolestinae Lopatin 2006
G. †Protentomodon Simpson 1928
Subfm. †Talpilestinae Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Yuanqulestes Tong 1997
Invalid names: Paradoxonycteris soricodon Revilliod 1919 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Oligoryctidae Asher et al. 2002
+
G. †Oligoryctes Hough 1956
Fm. †Parapternodontidae Asher et al. 2002
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G. †Koniaryctes Robinson and Kron 1998
G. †Parapternodus Bown and Schankler 1982
Infraor. †Soricota Kalandadze and Rautian 1992
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Superfm. †Nesophontoidea Anthony 1916
+
Superfm. Talpoidea Fischer de Waldheim 1817
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Fm. †Proscalopidae Reed 1961
Fm. Talpidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 [mole]
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Invalid names: Myaladae Gray 1821 [synonym]
Invalid names: Micropternodontoidea Stirton and Rensberger 1964 [empty], Solenodontoidea Gill 1972 [empty]
Invalid names: Lipotyphla Haeckel 1866 [synonym]
Unr. Scrotifera Waddell et al. 1999
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Or. †Acreodi Matthew 1909
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G. †Andrewsarchus Osborn 1924
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†Andrewsarchus crassum Ding et al. 1977
Unr. †Mesonychia [mesonychian]
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Fm. †Hapalodectidae Szalay and Gould 1966 [condylarth]
+
G. †Hapalodectes Matthew 1909
G. †Hapalorestes Gunnell and Gingerich 1996
Fm. †Mesonychidae Cope 1875 [condylarth]
+
G. †Dissacus Cope 1881
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Invalid names: Hyaenodictis Lemoine 1891 [synonym], Hyoenodictis Lemoine 1880 [synonym], Plesidissacus Lemoine 1894 [synonym]
G. †Dissacusium Chow et al. 1977
G. †Harpagolestes Wortman 1901
G. †Hessolestes Peterson 1931
G. †Honanodon Chow 1965
G. †Jiangxia Zhang et al. 1979
G. †Lohoodon Chow et al. 1973
Subfm. †Mesonychinae Cope 1880
G. †Metahapalodectes Dashzeveg 1976
G. †Olsenia Matthew and Granger 1925
G. †Pachyaena Cope 1874
G. †Plagiocristodon Chow and Qi 1978
G. †Sinonyx Zhou et al. 1995
G. †Synoplotherium Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Dromocyon Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hapalodectinae Szalay and Gould 1966 [empty]
G. †Simidectes Stock 1933
+
†Simidectes magnus Peterson 1919
†Simidectes medius Peterson 1919
†Simidectes merriami Stock 1933
Invalid names: Pleurocyon Peterson 1919 [synonym]
G. †Wyolestes Gingerich 1981
+
†Wyolestes apheles Gingerich 1981
†Wyolestes dioctes Gingerich 1982
†Wyolestes iglesius Novacek et al. 1991
Invalid names: Andrewsarchidae Szalay and Gould 1966 [empty], Wyolestidae [empty]
G. †Mondegodon Tabuce et al. 2011
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†Mondegodon eutrigonus Tabuce et al. 2011
Fm. †Triisodontidae Scott 1892
+
G. †Eoconodon Matthew and Granger 1921
+
†Eoconodon copanus Van Valen 1978
†Eoconodon coryphaeus Cope 1885
+
Invalid names: Mioclaenus bathygnathus Cope 1888 [synonym], Triisodon biculminatus Cope 1888 [synonym]
†Eoconodon gaudrianus Cope 1888
†Eoconodon ginibitohia Clemens and Williamson 2005
†Eoconodon hutchisoni Clemens 2011
†Eoconodon nidhoggi Van Valen 1978
G. †Goniacodon Scott 1892
+
†Goniacodon hiawathae Van Valen 1978
†Goniacodon levisanus Cope 1883
G. †Stelocyon Gingerich 1978
+
†Stelocyon arctylos Gingerich 1978
G. †Triisodon Cope 1881
+
+
Invalid names: Triisodon rusticus Cope 1884 [synonym]
†Triisodon quivirensis Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Sarcothraustes antiquus Cope 1882 [synonym], Triisodon conidens Cope 1882 [synonym]
Invalid names: Sarcothraustes Cope 1882 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oxyclaenidae Scott 1892 [invalid subgroup]
Unr. †Bulbulodentata Archibald 1998
+
Fm. †Periptychidae Cope 1882 [condylarth]
+
G. †Alticonus Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
+
†Alticonus gazini Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
G. †Ampliconus Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
+
†Ampliconus antoni Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
†Ampliconus browni Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
Subfm. †Anisonchinae Osborne and Earle 1895
+
G. †Haploconus Cope 1882
G. †Pseudanisonchus Zhang et al. 1979
G. †Anisonchus Cope 1881
+
†Anisonchus athelas Van Valen 1978
+
Invalid names: Anisonchus eowynae Van Valen 1978 [synonym]
†Anisonchus fortunatus Simpson 1932
†Anisonchus oligistus Gazin 1941
†Anisonchus onostus Gazin 1939
†Anisonchus sectorius Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Anisonchus dracus Gazin 1939 [synonym], Mioclaenus mandibularis Cope 1881 [synonym], Zetodon gracilis Cope 1883 [synonym]
†Anisonchus willeyi Rigby, Jr. 1980
Invalid names: Zetodon Cope 1883 [synonym]
G. †Auraria Middleton and Dewar 2004
+
†Auraria urbana Middleton and Dewar 2004
G. †Beornus Atteberry and Eberle 2021
+
†Beornus honeyi Atteberry and Eberle 2021
G. †Conacodon Matthew 1897
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†Conacodon cophater Cope 1884
†Conacodon delphae Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
†Conacodon harbourae Eberle and Lillegraven 1998
†Conacodon hettingeri Atteberry and Eberle 2021
†Conacodon kohlbergeri Archibald et al. 1983
+
Invalid names: Conacodon utahensis Robison 1986 [synonym]
†Conacodon matthewi Middleton and Dewar 2004
Subfm. †Conacodontinae Archibald et al. 1983
+
G. †Militocodon Weaver et al. 2024
G. †Escatepos Reynolds 1936
+
†Escatepos campi Reynolds 1936
G. †Goleroconus McKenna and Honey 2008
+
†Goleroconus alfi McKenna and Honey 2008
G. †Hemithlaeus Cope 1882
+
†Hemithlaeus josephi Van Valen 1978
G. †Miniconus Atteberry and Eberle 2021
+
†Miniconus archibaldi Middleton and Dewar 2004
†Miniconus jeanninae Atteberry and Eberle 2021
G. †Mithrandir Cifelli 1983
+
†Mithrandir gillianus Cope 1882
+
Invalid names: Anisonchus apiculatus Cope 1884 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gillisonchus Rigby 1981 [synonym]
G. †Oxyacodon Osborn and Earle 1895
+
†Oxyacodon agapetillus Cope 1884
+
Invalid names: Fimbrethil ambaronae Van Valen 1978 [synonym]
†Oxyacodon apiculatus Osborn and Earle 1895
†Oxyacodon ferronensis Archibald et al. 1983
†Oxyacodon marshater Van Valen 1978
†Oxyacodon priscilla Matthew 1937
Invalid names: Fimbrethil Van Valen 1978 [synonym]
G. †Paleoungulatum Kelly 2014
+
†Paleoungulatum hooleyi Kelly 2014
Subfm. †Periptychinae Osborn and Earle 1895
+
G. †Ectoconus Cope 1884
G. †Periptychus Cope 1881
+
Invalid names: Carsioptychus Simpson 1936 [synonym], Catathlaeus Cope 1881 [synonym], Plagioptychus Matthew 1936 [synonym]
G. †Tinuviel Van Valen 1978
+
†Tinuviel eurydice Van Valen 1978
Unr. Euungulata Waddell et al. 2001
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Unr. Artiodactylamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
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Unr. Artiodactyla Owen 1848 [even-toed ungulate]
+
Subfm. †Antiacodontinae
Superfm. †Cainotherioidea Camp and VanDerHoof 1940
Superfm. †Choeropotamoidea
Fm. †Climacoceratidae Hamilton 1978
Fm. †Diacodexeidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985
Superfm. †Dichobunoidea Gill 1872
G. †Eolantianus Averianov 1996
G. †Erlianhyus Li and Li 2022
G. †Hsanotherium Ducrocq et al. 2000
G. †Myanmarius Tsubamoto et al. 2013
Subor. Omnivora
G. †Raphenacodus Gabunia 1971
Unr. Ruminantiamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009
Subor. Suiformes Jaeckel 1911
+
Invalid names: Palaeodonta Matthew [synonym]
Superfm. Suoidea Gray 1821
+
Invalid names: Suinamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym]
Fm. †Tapirulidae Cope 1879
G. †Tragulohyus Gervais 1874
Subor. Tylopoda Illiger 1811
+
Invalid names: Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym]
Invalid names: Achaenodontidae [empty], Ancodonta Matthew [empty], Antiacodontidae Krishtalka and Stucky 1985 [empty], Booidea [empty], Bunomerycidae Gentry and Hooker 1988 [empty], Cetartiodactyla Montgelard et al. 1997 [synonym], Eurytheriidae Cope 1889 [empty], Haplobunodontidae Sudre 1978 [empty], Hyodonta Matthew 1929 [empty], Leptochoerinae [empty], Merycoidodontoidea [empty], Neoselenodontia Webb and Taylor 1980 [empty], Nonruminantia Gregory 1910 [empty], Trigonolestidae [empty]
Unr. †Panperissodactyla Welker et al. 2015
+
Or. †Panameriungulata de Muizon and Cifelli 2000
+
Fm. †Didolodontidae Simpson 1934
+
Invalid names: Bunolitopternidae Schlosser 1823 [synonym], Didolodidae Scott 1913 [replaced]
Subor. †Litopterna Ameghino 1889
Superor. Perissodactylamorpha Rose et al. 2020
+
Or. Perissodactyla Owen 1848 [odd-toed ungulate]
G. †Radinskya McKenna et al. 1989
Invalid names: Anthracobunia Ginsburg et al. 1999 [empty]
Unr. Phenacodonta McKenna 1975
+
G. †Olbitherium Tong et al. 2004
Fm. †Phenacodontidae Cope 1881 [condylarth]
Invalid names: Eparctocyona McKenna 1975 [synonym], Ungulata Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
Unr. Ferae Linnaeus 1758
+
Unr. Carnivoramorpha Wyss and Flynn 1993
+
Unr. †Carnivoraformes Flynn et al.
+
G. †Africtis Mattingly et al. 2020
Or. Carnivora Bowdich 1821 [carnivoran]
G. †Dormaalocyon Solé et al. 2014
G. †Gracilocyon Smith and Smith 2010
G. Lycarion Matthew 1909
G. †Miacis Cope 1872
+
Invalid names: Harpalodon Marsh 1872 [synonym], Prodaphaenus Wortman and Matthew 1899 [synonym]
G. †Neovulpavus Wortman 1901
G. †Palaearctonyx Matthew 1909
G. †Paramiacis Filhol 1876
G. †Procynodictis Wortman and Matthew 1899
+
Invalid names: Plesiomiacis Simpson 1945 [synonym]
G. †Quercygale Kretzoi 1945
+
Invalid names: Humbertia De Beaumont 1965 [objective synonym]
G. †Uintacyon Leidy 1873
G. †Vassacyon Matthew 1909
G. †Vulpavus Marsh 1871
G. †Xinyuictis Zheng et al. 1975
G. †Zodiocyon Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Dawsonicyon Spaulding et al. 2010
+
†Dawsonicyon isami Spaulding et al. 2010
G. †Oodectes Wortman 1901
+
†Oodectes herpestoides Wortman 1901
+
Invalid names: Oodectes proximus Matthew 1909 [synonym], Paeneprolimnocyon amissadomus Guthrie 1967 [synonym], Triacodon nanus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
†Oodectes jepseni Guthrie 1967
+
Invalid names: Paeneprolimnocyon iudei Guthrie 1967 [synonym]
†Oodectes pugnax Wortman and Matthew 1899
Invalid names: Paeneprolimnocyon Guthrie 1967 [synonym]
G. †Tapocyon Stock 1934
+
†Tapocyon dawsonae Wesley and Flynn 2003
†Tapocyon robustus Peterson 1919
+
Invalid names: Tapocyon occidentalis Stock 1934 [synonym]
Fm. †Viverravidae Wortman and Matthew 1899
+
G. †Didymictis Cope 1875
G. †Orientictis Huang and Zheng 2005
G. †Preonictis Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Protictis Matthew
G. †Simpsonictis MacIntyre 1962
G. †Variviverra Tong and Wang 2006
G. †Viverravus Marsh 1872
+
Invalid names: Ziphacodon Marsh 1872 [synonym]
G. †Viverriscus Beard and Dawson 2009
Invalid names: Deltatherium durini Van Valen 1978 [nomen dubium], Didymictidae Flynn and Galiano 1982 [synonym]
Or. †Creodonta Cope 1875 [creodont]
+
G. †Altacreodus Fox 2015
+
†Altacreodus magnus Clemens and Russell 1965
Or. †Hyaenodonta Van Valen 1967
+
G. †Eoproviverra Solé et al. 2014
Superfm. †Hyaenodontoidea Leidy 1869
Superfm. †Hyainailouroidea Borths et al. 2016
Subfm. †Limnocyoninae Wortman 1902
Unr. †Oxyaenodonta Van Valen 1971
+
Fm. †Oxyaenidae Cope 1877
Invalid names: Ambloctonidae Cope 1877 [empty], Amblyctonidae Cope 1877 [empty], Arctocyonoidae Trouessart 1885 [empty], Hyaenodontida Leidy 1869 [empty], Limnocyonidae [empty], Oxyaenoidae Cope 1877 [empty], Uintacyonidae Hay 1902 [empty]
Unr. †Pholidotamorpha Gaudin et al. 2009
+
Subor. †Palaeanodonta Matthew 1918
+
G. †Amelotabes Rose 1978
G. †Arcticanodon Rose et al. 2004
Fm. †Epoicotheriidae Simpson 1927
G. †Ernanodon Ding 1979
Fm. †Escavadodontidae Rose and Lucas 2000
G. †Melaniella Fox 1984
Fm. †Metacheiromyidae Wortman 1903
Or. Pholidota Weber 1904 [pangolin]
+
Unr. †Eupholidota Gaudin et al. 2009
G. †Eurotamandua Storch 1981
G. †Leptomanis Filhol 1894
Invalid names: Eomanidae Storch 2003 [empty], Squamata Huxley 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ostentoria [synonym]
Unr. Fereuungulata Waddell et al. 1999
+
Invalid names: Zooamata Waddell et al. 1999 [empty]
Invalid names: Variamana [synonym]
Invalid names: Laurasiaplacentalia [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 1000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 10 gs
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialsubc
Diet: insectivoresubc
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-06 20:43:42
Modified: 2005-09-06 22:44:32
Source: s = species, g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Martin 1990, Legendre 1988, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Turonian to the top of the Holocene or 93.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.3 Ma

Collections (16416 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Cretasorex arkhangelskyi (58179) Periptychidae indet. (58168)
Judithian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Nyctitheriidae indet. (14451)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Kharmerungulatum vanvaleni (75493)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Portugal (Coimbra) Leptacodon sp. (49276)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Cimolestes magnus (14558)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Cimolestes magnus (14516 14532)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Cimolestes magnus (14630 14633 14635 14637)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cimolestes magnus (14519 14598) Protungulatum sp. (14514)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Paleoungulatum hooleyi, Baioconodon nordicus (183109) Protungulatum coombsi (110464) Protungulatum gorgun (14674)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Cimolestes magnus (45144)
Pu166.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Mimatuta minuial, Protungulatum donnae (14762)
Pu366.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Eoconodon hutchisoni (143205) Eoconodon hutchisoni, Eoconodon nidhoggi (218647) Eoconodon hutchisoni, Eoconodon nidhoggi, Oxyacodon ferronensis (14738)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Montana) Baioconodon nordicus (14693) Baioconodon sp., Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum sp. (14672) Eoconodon hutchisoni (140079 218651 218655) Eoconodon hutchisoni, Eoconodon nidhoggi, Oxyacodon ferronensis (218648) Eoconodon hutchisoni, Oxyacodon ferronensis (14799) Eoconodon nidhoggi (218650) Eoconodon nidhoggi, Oxyacodon apiculatus, Oxyacodon ferronensis, Tinuviel eurydice, Baioconodon nordicus, Oxyclaenus sp., Loxolophus schizophrenus, Loxolophus sp., Carcinodon sp. (14745) Eoconodon nidhoggi, Oxyacodon ferronensis (218649) Mimatuta minuial (14701) Mimatuta minuial, Protungulatum donnae (231047) Mimatuta minuial, Ragnarok engdahli (14694) Mimatuta morgoth (14675 108198 108199) Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae (14771) Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14787) Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14763) Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14782) Mimatuta sp. (14801 14802) Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum sp. (14770) Mimatuta sp., Ragnarok nordicum (14668 14669 14740 14789) Oxyacodon ferronensis (218654) Oxyacodon ferronensis, Tinuviel eurydice, Baioconodon nordicus, Carcinodon sp. (14744) Oxyacodon sp., Anisonchus sp., Periptychidae indet., Oxyprimus sp., Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus simplex, Loxolophus sp., Protungulatum sp., Carcinodon aquilonius, Protogonodon pentacus (14809) Oxyprimus erikseni (14696 14702) Oxyprimus erikseni, Baioconodon engdahli, Baioconodon sp., Mimatuta minuial, Mimatuta sp. (231045) Oxyprimus erikseni, Baioconodon nordicum, Mimatuta sp., Ragnarok harbichti (14743) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta minuial, Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14788) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta minuial, Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14777) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta minuial, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae (193844) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta minuial, Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14786) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta morgoth, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14751) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae (14671) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14699 14754) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok engdahli (14798) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14749) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp. (14767) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun (14780) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14784 14785) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum gorgun (14776) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp., Ragnarok nordicum (14773) Oxyprimus erikseni, Oxyprimus sp., Baioconodon engdahli, Mimatuta minuial, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Baioconodon harbichti (14705) Oxyprimus erikseni, Protungulatum gorgun (14698) Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok engdahli, Mimatuta morgoth (14742) Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok harbichti, Mimatuta morgoth, Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Protungulatum sp. (14741) Oxyprimus erikseni, Ragnarok nordicum (14660) Oxyprimus sp. (14665 14673) Periptychidae indet., Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Mimatuta sp. (14759) Periptychidae indet., Ragnarok nordicum, Mimatuta minuial, Protungulatum mckeeveri (14761) Protungulatum donnae (14663 14667 14753) Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok nordicum (14779) Protungulatum gorgun (14755 14757) Protungulatum gorgun, Ragnarok nordicum (14676) Ragnarok nordicum (14697 14700 14752 14758 14778) Tinuviel eurydice, Anisonchus oligistus, Oxyclaenus pugnax, Leptacodon proserpinae, Protungulatum sp., Oxprimus albertensis, Tricentes sp., Eoconodon sp., Oxyacodon josephi, Eoconodon sp. (14766)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Colorado) Ampliconus browni, Oxyprimus sp., Baioconodon nordicus, Maiorana sp., Protungulatum donnae (176863) Anisonchus athelas, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14792) Baioconodon denverensis, Tinuviel gazini (14774) Carsioptychus coarctatus (176748 205865 205867 205895 205900 205901 205903 205907 205908 205910 205914 205928 209872 209892 209904 209921 209924 209943 209946 209957 209964 209968 209976 210033) Carsioptychus coartatus (206072 206084) Carsioptychus sp. (206071) Conacodon delphae, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus (14689) Conacodon delphae, Periptychus coarctatus (14678) Conacodon entoconus (205919) Conacodon entoconus, Periptychus coarctatus, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14683) Conacodon harbourae (88207) Ectoconus ditrigonus (14684 14687 14688 205863 205864 205868 205871 205881 205886 209900 209983 209997) Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus (14679) Eoconodon coryphaeus (205932 205934) Loxolophus sp. (209874 209879 209890 209965) Militocodon lydae (234689) Oxyacodon archibaldi, Conacodon matthewi, Auraria urbana, Ampliconus browni, Oxyprimus galadrielae, Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus subbituminus, Arctocyonidae indet., Baioconodon cannoni, Tinuviel gazini (14658) Periptychidae indet. (205873) Periptychus coarctatus (14659 14680 14681 14682 14685 14686 14746 14750 14793) Periptychus coarctatus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14677)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3Canada (Saskatchewan) Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus sp., Loxolophus schizophrenus, Arctocyonidae indet. (14691) Eoconodon sp., Ravenictis krausei, Carnivora indet., Oxyacodon agapetillus, Anisonchus oligistus, Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus corax, Loxolophus schizophrenus, Carcinodon aquilonius (14768) Oxyprimus erikseni, Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum donnae, Ragnarok sp. (14756) Periptychidae indet., Protungulatum donnae (14737)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (North Dakota) Oxyacodon priscilla, Protungulatum sp. (14765)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Wyoming) Arctocyonidae indet. (14715 14735) Baioconodon denverensis, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Oxyclaenus sp. (14729) Baioconodon sp. (14712) Conacodon cophater (14727) Conacodon cophater, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus, Arctocyonidae indet. (14716) Ectoconus ditrigonus (14717) Eoconodon sp., Mithrandir gillianus, Oxyacodon agapetillus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Arctocyonidae indet. (14731) Eoconodon sp., Oxyprimus sp. (14710) Mimatuta makpialutae, Ragnarok wovokae (14807) Mimatuta sp. (14725) Mimatuta sp., Maiorana ferrisensis, Protungulatum donnae (14711) Miniconus jeanninae, Conacodon hettingeri, Conacodon harbourae, Ampliconus antoni, Beornus honeyi, Oxyprimus sp., Sigynorum magnadivisus, Mimatuta sp., Maiorana noctiluca, Protungulatum donnae (174233) Mithrandir gillianus (14714 14718 14724 14726) Mithrandir gillianus, Conacodon cophater, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Arctocyonidae indet. (14723) Mithrandir gillianus, Loxolophus faulkneri (14707) Mithrandir gillianus, Loxolophus faulkneri, Loxolophus sp., Ampliconus browni (14713) Mithrandir gillianus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14728) Mithrandir gillianus, Oxyacodon agapetillus, Conacodon delphae, Ectoconus sp., Periptychidae indet., Protungulatum donnae, Protungulatum gorgun, Arctocyonidae indet., Conacodon harbourae (14722) Mithrandir gillianus, Oxyacodon agapetillus, Oxyacodon priscilla, Ampliconus antoni, Alticonus gazini, Ectoconus cavigellii, Periptychidae indet., Baioconodon middletoni, Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus hyattianus (14797) Mithrandir gillianus, Oxyacodon priscilla, Periptychus coarctatus, Periptychidae indet., Loxolophus faulkneri (14706) Oxyacodon apiculatus (14734) Oxyacodon priscilla, Periptychus coarctatus, Loxolophus priscus, Protungulatum donnae (14720) Oxyclaenus simplex (14803) Oxyprimus galadrielae, Arctocyonidae indet. (14804) Oxyprimus galadrielae, Oxyprimus sp., Mimatuta sp., Protungulatum sloani, Protungulatum donnae (14796) Oxyprimus putorius, Oxyprimus galadrielae, Mimatuta minuial, Maiorana noctiluca, Loxolophus nordicus, Eoconodon sp., Oxyacodon josephi (14808) Periptychus coarctatus (14721 14733) Periptychus coarctatus, Periptychidae indet. (14719) Protungulatum donnae (14708 14709) Triisodontinae indet., Arctocyonidae indet. (14805)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (New Mexico) Arctocyon ferox (74549 125183) Eoconodon coryphaeus, Eoconodon gaudrianus, Dissacus navajovius, Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus, Conacodon kohlbergeri, Conacodon entoconus, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Oxyclaenus simplex, Loxolophus kimbetovius, Loxolophus hyattianus, Gillisonchus gillianus (14703) Eoconodon coryphaeus, Eoconodon ginibitohia, Eoconodon gaudrianus, Eoconodon sp., Oxyacodon priscilla, Oxyacodon apiculatus, Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus, Conacodon cophater, Conacodon kohlbergeri, Conacodon entoconus, Escatepos campi, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Oxyclaenus simplex, Loxolophus kimbetovius, Erinaceomorpha indet., Mimotricentes mirielae, Fimbrethil ambaronae, Gillisonchus gillianus (14760) Eoconodon coryphaeus, Oxyacodon apiculatus, Oxyclaenus cuspidatus, Oxyclaenus simplex, Loxolophus pentacus, Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Chriacus antiquus, Protogonodon grangeri, Conacodon sp., Ectoconus sp., Gillisonchus gillianus, Plagioptychus matthewi (14662) Eoconodon gaudrianus, Hemithlaeus kowalevskianus, Conacodon entoconus, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Periptychus coarctatus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Erinaceomorpha indet., Gillisonchus gillianus (14794) Hemithlaeus sp., Conacodon sp., Ectoconus sp., Anisonchus sp., Carsioptychus sp. (14661) Periptychus coarctatus, Loxolophus pentacus, Loxolophus priscus, Loxolophus hyattianus, Gillisonchus gillianus (14795)
Puercan66.0 - 63.3USA (Utah) Anisonchus athelas, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Loxolophus sp., Conacodon utahensis (14739) Anisonchus oligistus, Ectoconus maiusculus, Periptychidae indet. (224186) Ectoconus symbolus, Ectoconus sp., Periptychus hamaxitus (14748) Eoconodon sp., Oxyclaenus simplex (14791) Goniacodon hiawathae, Oxyacodon marshater, Anisonchus oligistus, Anisonchus athelas, Ectoconus symbolus, Carsioptychus hamaxitus, Oxyclaenus sp., Protogonodon sp., Loxolophus sp., Propalaeosinopa sp., Periptychus hamaxitus, Conacodon utahensis, Haploconus sp. (14790) Oxyacodon apiculatus, Haploconus elachistus, Haploconus sp., Anisonchus athelas, Anisonchus onostus, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Ectoconus symbolus, Periptychus coarctatus, Oxyclaenus pugnax, Loxolophus spiekeri (14692) Oxyacodon apiculatus, Oxyacodon ferronensis, Oxyacodon sp., Ectoconus symbolus, Periptychus coarctatus, Oxyclaenus pugnax, Loxolophus pentacus (14670) Oxyacodon ferronensis, Anisonchus oligistus, Anisonchus athelas, Ectoconus ditrigonus, Ectoconus symbolus, Loxolophus pentacus, Periptychus hamaxitus (14736)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7China (Shaanxi) Hukoutherium shimemensis (132651)