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Ambulacraria

Taxonomy
Ambulacralia is an unranked clade.

It was corrected as Ambulacraria by Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).

It was assigned to Deuterostomia by Zrzavy et al. (1998), Edgecombe et al. (2011) and Nielsen (2012).

Subtaxa
Cambroernids, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Vetulocystida
Sister taxa
Vetulocystida

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1998Ambulacralia Zrzavy et al.
2011Ambulacraria Edgecombe et al. p. 153 figs. Fig. 1
2012Ambulacraria Nielsen p. 316

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
RankNameAuthor
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
—Ambulacraria

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Ambulacraria
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Unr. †Cambroernids Caron et al. 2010
+
G. †Cheungkongella Shu et al. 2001
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†Cheungkongella ancestralis Shu et al. 2001
Fm. †Eldoniidae Walcott 1911
+
G. †Eldonia Walcott 1911
+
†Eldonia berbera Alessandrello and Bracchi 2003
†Eldonia ludwigi Walcott 1911
Invalid names: Stellostomites Sun and Hou 1987 [synonym]
+
†Paropsonema cryptophya Clark 1900
G. †Rotadiscus Sun and Hou 1987
+
†Rotadiscus grandis Sun and Hou 1987
†Rotadiscus guizhouensis Zhao and Zhu 1994
Invalid names: Brzechowia Dzik 1991 [synonym]
G. †Herpetogaster Caron et al. 2010
+
†Herpetogaster collinsi Caron et al. 2010
Ph. Echinodermata Klein 1754
+
G. †Argonevis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Argonevis nuda Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Aspidocrinites Kozur and Mostler 1992
+
†Aspidocrinites scutulaformis Kozur and Mostler 1992
Subph. †Blastozoa Sprinkle 1973
+
Superfm. †Asteroblastida Bather 1900
+
Fm. †Asteroblastidae Bather 1900
+
G. †Asteroblastus d'Eichwald 1862
Fm. †Mesocystidae Bather 1899
+
Cl. †Blastoidea Say 1825 [blastoid]
+
Unr. †Coronoidea Brett et al. 1983
+
Or. †Coronata Jaekel 1918
Or. †Fissiculata Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Angulatoblastus Macurda, Jr. 1979
G. †Artuschisma Macurda 1983
Fm. †Astrocrinidae Austin and Austin, Jr. 1843
Fm. †Brachyschismatidae Fay 1961
Fm. †Codasteridae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Dolichoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Kazachstanoblastus Arendt et al. 1968
G. †Leptoschisma Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Mastoblastus Arendt et al. 1969
Fm. †Neoschismatidae Wanner 1940
Fm. †Orophocrinidae Jaekel 1918
G. †Pachyblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Fm. †Phaenoschismatidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Tympanoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
G. †Xenoblastus Breimer and Macurda, Jr. 1972
Or. †Granatocrinida Bather 1900
+
Fm. †Granatocrinidae Fay 1961
G. †Iranoblastus Flugel 1966
Fm. †Schizoblastidae Etheridge, Jr. and Carpenter 1886
G. †Macurdablastus Broadhead 1984
+
†Macurdablastus uniplicatus Broadhead 1984
Superor. †Spiraculata Jaekel 1918
+
Or. †Nucleocrinida Waters and Horowitz 1993
Or. †Pentremitida Matsumoto 1929
Or. †Troosticrinida Bather 1900
G. †Zygocrinus Bronn 1848
Invalid names: Eublastoidea Bather 1899 [empty]
Cl. Crinoidea Miller 1821 [Sea lily]
+
Subcl. †Aethocrinea Ausich 1998
+
Or. †Aethocrinida Ausich 1998
Or. †Angulata Stukalina 1967
+
Fm. †Babanicrinidae Stukalina 1969
Fm. †Asperocrinidae Stukalina 1975
+
G. †Asperocrinus Stukalina 1975
G. †Aspidocrinus Hall 1858
+
G. †Balearocrinus Bourrouilh and Termier 1974
G. †Baryschyr Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
†Baryschyr carnarvonensis Webster and Jell 1992
G. †Bornium de Gregorio 1930
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†Bornium vetustum de Gregorio 1930
Subcl. †Camerata Wachsmuth and Springer 1885
+
G. †Becharocrinus Termier and Termier 1956
G. †Coronocrinus Hall 1858
G. †Craspedocrinus Dahmer 1922
G. †Eknomocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003
Infracl. †Eucamerata Cole 2017
Fm. †Reteocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1885
G. †Trochocrinites Portlock 1843
+
Invalid names: Trochocrinites Portlock 1843 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Hexacrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer 1885 [empty], Melocrinidae Wachsmuth and Springer [empty], Rhodocrinidae Roemer 1855 [empty]
G. †Crisantum de Gregorio 1930
+
†Crisantum stevensoni de Gregorio 1930
G. †Cyclocaudex Moore and Jeffords 1968
Fm. †Cyclocharacidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Cyclocharax Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Cyclocrista Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Cyclocyclicus Yeltysheva 1955
G. †Cycloscapus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Dazhucrinus Mu and Wu 1974
Subcl. †Dicyclica
+
Or. †Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer 1897
G. †Dronovicrinus Stukalina 1997
+
†Dronovicrinus notabilis Stukalina 1977
G. †Dulanocrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970
G. †Dwortsowaecrinus Stukalina 1967
G. †Entrochus Hofer 1760
+
†Entrochus silesiacus Hagdorn et al. 1997
Fm. †Exaesiodiscidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Cyclostelechus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Exaesiodiscus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Flexicrinus Stukalina and Tuyutyan 1970
Fm. †Floricyclidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Acbastaucrinus Sisova 1979
G. †Cyclocion Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Floripila Moore and Jeffords 1968
Fm. †Flucticharacidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Laudonomphalus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Flucticharax Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Gemmacrinus Prokop and Petr 1989
G. †Glyphidocrinus Dubatolova 1971
Subcl. †Hemistreptocrinoidea Arendt 1976
+
Or. †Hemistreptocrinida Arendt 1976
G. †Heterostelechus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Kojvicrinus Vanin 1980
+
†Kojvicrinus orciformis Vanin 1980
Fm. †Kstutocrinidae Schewtschenko 1966
+
G. †Kstutocrinus Schevchenko 1966
G. †Lamprosterigma Moore and Jeffords 1968
Fm. †Leptocarphiidae Moore and Jeffords 1968
+
G. †Cyclocaudiculus Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Lichenocrinus Hall 1866
+
†Lichenocrinus obliquus Ulrich 1925
†Lichenocrinus subaequalis Foerste 1914
G. †Malovicrinus Stukalina 1968
G. †Mastocrinus Wanner 1956
G. †Mooreanteris Moore 1968
G. †Moscovicrinus Jaekel 1918
+
†Moscovicrinus bipinnatus Lane and Webster 1966
G. †Pandocrinus Stukalina 1965
Subcl. Pentacrinoidea Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Apektocrinus Guensburg and Sprinkle 2009
Infracl. Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer 1897
G. †Pentagonocyclicus Yeltysheva and Shevchenko 1960
+
†Pentagonocyclicus lamonti Donovan et al. 2011
G. †Pentaridica Moore and Jeffords 1968
G. †Pinegicrinus Vanin 1980
+
†Pinegicrinus edemskji Vanin 1980
G. †Preptopremnum Moore and Jeffords 1968
Unr. †Protocrinoidea Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003
+
Fm. †Titanocrinidae Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003
Invalid names: Titanocrinidae Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003 [valid]
Fm. †Salairocrinidae Dubatolova 1971
+
G. †Tjeecrinus Durotlova 1975
G. †Salairocrinus Dubatolova 1971
Fm. †Schyschcatocrinidae Dubatolova 1971
+
G. †Schyschcatocrinus Dubatolova 1971
Fm. †Stenocrinidae Dubatolova 1971
+
G. †Calleocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Stenocrinus Dubatolova 1971
Fm. †Stukaliniidae Doweld 2012
+
G. †Stukalinia Doweld 2012
+
Invalid names: Lobocrinus Stukalina 1982 [replaced]
Invalid names: Lobocrinidae Stukalina 1982 [replaced]
Fm. †Tantalocrinidae Le Menn 1985
+
G. †Noctuicrinus Le Menn 1985
Fm. †Taranshicrinidae Sisova 1988
+
G. †Taranshicrinus Sisova 1988
G. †Tetragonocyclicus Dubatolova 1964
G. †Tetralobocrinus Dubatolova 1971
G. †Woodocrinus de Koninck and Lehon 1854
+
Invalid names: Philocrinus de Koninck 1863 [synonym]
G. †Zeravschanocrinus Schewtschenko 1966
Invalid names: Acariaeocrinus Biese 1935 [nomen dubium], Carpenterocrinus Clark 1908 [nomen dubium], Cyclomischidae Moore and Jeffords 1968 [empty], Dentiferocrinidae Stukalina 1977 [empty], Echmatocrinida [empty], Entrochus rotiformis Koken 1900 [nomen dubium], Gasterometra Gislen 1925 [invalid subgroup], Picteticrinus Etallon 1857 [nomen nudum], Protocrinoidea Guensburg and Sprinkle 2003 [empty], Waikaripites Eagle 2005 [nomen nudum]
Cl. †Diploporita Müller 1854
+
Fm. †Parasphaeronitiidae Bockelie 1984
+
G. †Pachycystis Bockelie 1984
G. †Parasphaeronites Bockelie 1984
G. †Proteocystites Barrande 1887
Invalid names: Aristocystitoida Neumayr 1889 [empty], Glyptosphaeritidacea Bernard 1895 [empty], Seriolata Jaekel 1918 [empty]
Cl. †Eocrinoidea Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Acanthocystites Barrande 1887
+
G. †Cambrocrinus Orlowski 1968
G. †Eocystites Billings 1868
G. †Eustypocystis Sprinkle 1973
G. †Nolichuckia Sprinkle 1973
G. †Pareocrinus Yakovlev 1956
Fm. †Rhopalocystidae Ubaghs 1967
Fm. †Ascocystitidae Ubaghs 1967
+
G. †Ascocystites Barrande 1887
G. †Balangicystis Parsley and Zhao 2006
+
†Balangicystis rotundus Parsley and Zhao 2006
G. †Balantiocystis Chauvel 1966
G. †Bolboporites Pander 1830
+
†Bolboporites americanus Billings 1859
†Bolboporites uncinata Pander 1830
Invalid names: Bolboporites Pander 1830 [objective synonym]
G. †Cardiocystites Barrande 1887
+
†Cardiocystites bohemicus Barrande 1887
G. †Cigara
Fm. †Cryptocrinitidae Bassler 1938
+
G. †Cryptocrinites von Buch 1840
G. †Cymbionites Whitehouse 1941
+
†Cymbionites craticula Whitehouse 1941
Or. †Gogiida Broadhead 1982
+
Fm. †Eocrinidae Jaekel 1918
Fm. †Lyracystidae Sprinkle and Collins 2006
G. †Wudingeocrinus Luo et al. 2008
G. †Haimacystis Sumrall et al. 2011
+
†Haimacystis rozhnovi Sumrall et al. 2011
G. †Hexedriocystis Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
†Hexedriocystis inexpectans Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Hexedriocystis mimus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
Fm. †Lichenoididae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Lichenoides Barrande 1846
Fm. †Lingulocystidae Ubaghs 1960
+
G. †Lingulocystis Thoral 1935
G. †Llanocystis Zamora et al. 2015
+
†Llanocystis wilbernsensis Zamora et al. 2015
G. †Luhocrinus Prokop and Fatka 1985
+
†Luhocrinus monicae Prokop and Fatka 1985
G. †Marjumicystis Ubaghs and Robison 1988
+
†Marjumicystis mettae Ubaghs and Robison 1988
Fm. †Palaeocystitidae Ubaghs 1967
+
G. †Bromidocystis Sprinkle 1982
G. †Paracryptocrinites Rozhnov and Federov 2001
G. †Peridionites Whitehouse 1941
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†Peridionites navicula Whitehouse 1941
Fm. †Rhipidocystidae Jaekel 1901
+
G. †Batherocystis Bassler 1950
G. †Durhamicystis Zamora et al. 2020
G. †Mandalocystis Lewis et al. 1987
G. †Petalocystites Sprinkle 1973
G. †Rhipidocystis Jaekel 1901
Fm. †Ridersiidae Jell et al. 1985
+
G. †Ridersia Jell et al. 1985
Or. †Trachelocrinida Sumrall 1997
+
Fm. †Heckerocrinidae Doweld 2012
+
Invalid names: Bockiidae Ubaghs 1972 [replaced]
Fm. †Trachelocrinidae Sprinkle 1973
G. †Ubaghsicystis Gil Cid and Domínguez 2002
+
†Ubaghsicystis segurae Gil Cid and Domínguez 2002
Invalid names: Imbricata Sprinkle 1973 [empty]
Or. †Glyptosphaeritida Bernard 1895
+
Fm. †Dactylocystidae Jaekel 1899
+
G. †Dactylocystis Jaekel 1899
G. †Estonocystis Jaekel 1918
Fm. †Eumorphocystidae Branson and Peck 1940
+
+
Invalid names: Regnellicystis [synonym], Strimplecystis Bassler 1950 [synonym]
Fm. †Glyptosphaeritidae Bernard 1895
+
G. †Glyptosphaerites Müller 1854
Fm. †Gomphocystitidae Bassler 1938
+
G. †Celticystis Bockelie 1979
G. †Gomphocystites Hall 1864
G. †Pyrocystites Barrande 1887
+
Invalid names: Glyptosphaeronites Mergl 1984 [synonym]
Fm. †Protocrinitidae Bather 1899
+
G. †Fungocystites Barrande 1887
G. †Protocrinites Eichwald 1840
G. †Tristomiocystis Sumrall et al. 2009
Cl. †Lepidocystoidea Durham 1967
+
Fm. †Felbabkacystidae Nardin et al. 2017
+
G. †Felbabkacystis Nardin et al. 2017
Fm. †Lepidocystidae Durham 1967
+
G. †Kinzercystis Sprinkle 1973
G. †Lepidocystis Foerste 1938
G. †Vyscystis Fatka and Kordule 1990
Or. †Parablastoidea Hudson 1907
+
Fm. †Blastocystidae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Blastoidocrinus Billings 1859
G. †Eurekablastus Sprinkle and Sumrall 2008
G. †Parabolablastus Sprinkle and Sumrall 2008
G. †Pachyocrinus Billings 1859
+
†Pachyocrinus crassibasalis Billings 1859
Cl. †Paracrinoidea Regnell 1945
+
Or. †Comarocystitida Parsley and Mintz 1975
+
Fm. †Achradocystitidae Stukalina and Hintz 1989
Fm. †Amygdalocystitidae Jaekel 1900
Fm. †Comarocystitidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Heckeritidae Rozhnov 1987
+
G. †Heckerites Rozhnov 1987
+
Fm. †Bistomiacystitidae Sprinkle and Parsley 1982
Fm. †Malocystitidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Platycystitidae Parsley and Mintz 1975
Fm. †Springerocystidae Bassler 1950
+
G. †Columbocystis Bassler 1950
G. †Foerstecystis Bassler 1950
G. †Springerocystis Bassler 1950
Or. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879
+
G. †Acantholepis McCoy 1846
+
†Acantholepis interruptus Jaekel 1899
†Acantholepis jamesii McCoy 1846
Superfm. †Caryocystitida Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Caryocystitidae Jaekel 1918
Invalid names: Ulrichocystidae Paul 1972 [empty]
Superfm. †Caryocystitidacea Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Echinosphaeritidae Neumayr 1889
Fm. †Dibrachicystidae Zamora and Smith 2011
+
G. †Dibrachicystis Zamora and Smith 2011
G. †Vizcainoia Zamora and Smith 2011
Or. †Dichoporita Jaeckel 1899
+
Superfm. †Glyptocystoidea Bather 1899
Or. †Glyptocystitida Bather 1899
+
Fm. †Barroubiocystidae Ubaghs 1999
G. †Lemoneites Flower 1969
G. †Sanducystis Zamora et al. 2017
Superfm. †Glyptocystitoida Bather 1899
+
Fm. †Callocystitidae Bernard 1895
Fm. †Cheirocrinidae Jaekel 1899
Fm. †Cuniculocystidae Sprinkle and Wahlman 1994
Fm. †Cystoblastidae Jaekel 1899
Fm. †Echinoencrinitidae Bather 1899
+
Invalid names: Scoliocystidae Jaekel 1899 [synonym]
Fm. †Glyptocystitidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Macrocystellidae Bather 1899
Fm. †Pleurocystitidae Neumayr 1889
Fm. †Rhombiferidae Kesling 1962
Or. †Hillocystida Jell 1983
+
Invalid names: Hillocystidae Jell 1983 [empty]
Superfm. †Polycosmitida Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Polycosmitidae Jaekel 1918 [empty], Stichocystidae Jaekel 1918 [empty]
Invalid names: Glyptocystitidacea Bather 1899 [empty], Pleurocystitida Jell 1983 [empty]
Cl. †Rhombifera Zittel 1879
+
Superfm. †Hemicosmitoida Jaekel 1918
+
Fm. †Caryocrinitidae Bassler 1938
Fm. †Hemicosmitidae Jaekel 1918
Fm. †Heterocystitidae Jaekel 1918
G. †Sumsaricystis Stukalina 1978
+
†Sumsaricystis radiatus Stukalina 1978
Cl. †Soluta Jaekel 1900
+
G. †Coleicarpus Daley 1996
+
†Coleicarpus sprinklei Daley 1996
+
Invalid names: Castericystis sprinklei Ubaghs and Robison 1988 [objective synonym]
Or. †Dendrocystitida Noailles et al. 2014
+
Fm. †Dendrocystitidae Bassler 1938
Or. †Syringocrinida Parsley and Caster 1965
+
G. †Castericystis Ubaghs and Robison 1985
G. †Drepanocystis Sumrall et al. 1997
Fm. †Iowacystidae Gill and Caster 1960
+
Invalid names: Belemnocystitidae Caster 1967 [synonym]
Fm. †Minervaecystidae Ubaghs and Caster 1967
Invalid names: Plasiacystidae Prokop and Petr 2004 [empty]
Superfm. †Sphaeronitida Neumayr 1889
+
Fm. †Aristocystitidae Bassler 1938
+
Subfm. †Aristocystitinae Neumayr 1894
Subfm. †Calicinae Chauvel 1966
G. †Calix Rouault 1878
G. †Campylostoma Dreyfuss 1939
G. †Prokopius Paul 2018
G. †Triamara Tillman 1967
Fm. †Holocystitidae Miller 1889
+
G. †Holocystites Hall 1864
G. †Paulicystis Frest et al. 2011
G. †Pentacystis Paul 1971
G. †Pustulocystis Paul 1971
Invalid names: Trematocystinae Frest and Strimple 2011 [empty]
Fm. †Sphaeronitidae Neumayr 1889
+
G. †Archaegocystis Jaekel 1899
G. †Barbieria
G. †Diplosphaeronis Paul 1973
G. †Eucystis Angelin 1878
+
Invalid names: Austrocystites Brown 1963 [synonym], Carpocystites [synonym], Palmacystis Haeckel 1896 [synonym], Proteocystites Barrande 1887 [synonym]
G. †Haplosphaeronis Jaekel 1926
G. †Paleosphaeronites Prokop 1964
G. †Sphaeronites Hisinger 1828
G. †Tetreucystis Bockelie 1984
+
Invalid names: Camptostromatoida [empty]
Cl. †Cincta Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Davidocinctus Friedrich 1993
+
†Davidocinctus pembrokensis Friedrich 1993
Fm. †Gyrocystidae Jaekel 1918
+
G. †Asturicystis Sdzuy 1993
+
†Asturicystis jaekeli Sdzuy 1993
G. †Graciacystis Zamora et al. 2013
+
†Graciacystis ambigua Zamora et al. 2013
G. †Gyrocystis Jaekel 1918
+
†Gyrocystis badulesiensis Friedrich 1993
†Gyrocystis barrandei Munier-Chalmas et al. 1889
†Gyrocystis cruzae Gil Cid and Domínguez Alonso 1995
†Gyrocystis erecta Friedrich 1993
†Gyrocystis platessa Jaekel 1918
+
Invalid names: Gyrocystis hispanica Gislen 1927 [synonym], Gyrocystis praeellipticus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Gyrocystis testudiformis Friedrich 1993
Invalid names: Decacystis [synonym]
G. †Progyrocystis Friedrich 1993
+
†Progyrocystis disjuncta Friedrich 1993
G. †Sotocinctus Sdzuy 1993
+
†Sotocinctus ubaghsi Sdzuy 1993
+
Invalid names: Sotocinctus planus Sdzuy 1993 [synonym]
Fm. †Rozanovicystidae Rozhnov 2006
+
G. †Rozanovicystis Rozhnov 2006
+
Fm. †Sucocystidae Friedrich 1993
+
G. †Bohemiacinctus Zamora et al. 2023
+
†Bohemiacinctus havliceki Fatka and Kordule 2001
G. †Elliptocinctus Termier and Termier 1973
+
†Elliptocinctus barrandei Munier-Chalmas et al. 1889
+
Invalid names: Elliptocinctus labiatus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Elliptocinctus vizcainoi Friedrich 1995
G. †Lignanicystis Zamora and Smith 2008
+
†Lignanicystis barriosensis Zamora and Smith 2008
G. †Ludwigicinctus Friedrich 1993
+
†Ludwigicinctus truncatus Friedrich 1993
G. †Protocinctus Rahman and Zamora 2009
+
†Protocinctus mansillaensis Rahman and Zamora 2009
G. †Sucocystis Cabibel et al. 1959
+
†Sucocystis bretoni Friedrich 1993
†Sucocystis maroccana Termier and Termier 1973
†Sucocystis theronensis Cabibel et al. 1959
+
Invalid names: Sucocystis subcircularis Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cyclocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym], Trochocinctus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
G. †Trochocystites Barrande 1887
+
†Trochocystites bohemicus Barrande 1887
G. †Trochocystoides Jaekel 1918
+
†Trochocystoides parvus Jaekel 1918
G. †Undatacinctus Smith and Zamora 2009
+
†Undatacinctus acrofera Friedrich 1993
†Undatacinctus melendezi Schroeder 1973
+
Invalid names: Sucocystis pardailhanicus Termier and Termier 1973 [synonym]
†Undatacinctus quadricornuta Friedrich 1993
†Undatacinctus undata Friedrich 1993
Fm. †Trochocystitidae Jaekel 1900
+
G. †Nelegerocystis Rozhnov 2006
+
†Nelegerocystis ivantzovi Rozhnov 2006
G. †Corneotuba Krainer and Mostler 1997
+
†Corneotuba perforata Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Cornuvacites Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Cornuvacites florealis Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Cornuvacites irregularis Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Cornuvacites symmetricus Kozur and Mostler 1972
Cl. †Ctenocystoidea Robison and Sprinkle 1969
+
G. †Conollia Dominquez Alonso 2004
+
†Conollia sporranoides Rahman et al. 2015
†Conollia staffordi Dominquez Alonso 2004
Or. †Ctenocystoida Ubaghs and Robison 1988
+
G. †Courtessolea Domínguez-Alonso 1999
+
†Courtessolea moncereti Domínguez-Alonso 1999
Fm. †Ctenocystidae Sprinkle and Robison 1978
+
G. †Ctenocystis Robison and Sprinkle 1969
G. †Etoctenocystis Fatka and Kordule 1985
+
†Etoctenocystis bohemica Barrande 1887
Fm. †Jugoszoviidae Dzik and Orlowski 1995
+
G. †Jugoszovia Dzik and Orlowski 1995
+
†Jugoszovia archaeocyathoides Dzik and Orlowski 1995
G. †Ctenoimbricata Zamora et al. 2012
+
†Ctenoimbricata spinosa Zamora et al. 2012
Cl. †Cyclocystoidea Miller and Gurley 1895
+
Fm. †Apycnodiscidae Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Apparatocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Apparatocycloides satanus Boczarowski 2001
G. †Brutocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Brutocycloides cerebrum Boczarowski 2001
G. †Chimaerocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Chimaerocycloides chimaerus Boczarowski 2001
G. †Concavocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Concavocycloides eifeliensis Boczarowski 2001
†Concavocycloides frasniensis Boczarowski 2001
†Concavocycloides givetiensis Boczarowski 2001
G. †Linguacycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Linguacycloides trapes Boczarowski 2001
G. †Neocyclocystoides Boczarowski 2001
+
G. †Paradoxocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Paradoxocycloides planus Boczarowski 2001
G. †Platycycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Platycycloides foraminis Boczarowski 2001
G. †Smithocycloides Boczarowski 2001
+
†Smithocycloides paulii Boczarowski 2001
Fm. †Cyclocystoididae Miller 1882
+
G. †Actinodiscus Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Actinodiscus wrighti Begg 1939
G. †Apycnodiscus Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Apycnodiscus insularis Regnell 1945
†Apycnodiscus salteri Hall 1866
+
Invalid names: Cyclocystoides anteceptus Hall 1872 [synonym]
G. †Cyclocystoides Salter and Billings 1858
+
†Cyclocystoides halli Billings 1858
†Cyclocystoides latus Smith and Paul 1982
†Cyclocystoides scammaphoris Smith and Paul 1982
†Cyclocystoides tholicos Smith and Paul 1982
G. †Diastocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Diastocycloides stauromorphus Smith and Paul 1982
G. †Monocycloides Berg-Madsen 1987
+
†Monocycloides oelandicus Berg-Madsen 1987
G. †Narrawayella Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Narrawayella cincinnatiensis Miller and Faber 1892
G. †Nicholsodiscus Glass et al. 2003
+
†Nicholsodiscus anticostiensis Glass et al. 2003
G. †Perforocycloides Ewin et al. 2019
+
†Perforocycloides nathalieae Ewin et al. 2019
G. †Polytryphocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Polytryphocycloides grandis Smith and Paul 1982
G. †Sievertsia Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Sievertsia concava Smith and Paul 1982
†Sievertsia devonica Sieverts-Doreck 1951
†Sievertsia gotus Prokop 1980
†Sievertsia tartas Prokop 1980
G. †Zygocycloides Smith and Paul 1982
+
†Zygocycloides magnus Miller and Dyer 1878
+
Invalid names: Cyclocystoides bellulus Miller and Dyer 1878 [synonym], Cyclocystoides minus Miller and Dyer 1878 [synonym]
†Zygocycloides marstoni Salter 1865
+
Invalid names: Cyclocystoides caractaci Etheridge 1939 [synonym]
†Zygocycloides raymondi Foerste 1920
†Zygocycloides variabilis Smith and Paul 1982
Fm. †Moroccodiscidae Reich et al. 2017
+
G. †Moroccodiscus Reich et al. 2017
G. Echinosphaera Angelin 1878
Cl. †Edrioasteroidea Billings 1858
+
G. †Aragocystites Zamora 2013
+
†Aragocystites belli Zamora 2013
G. †Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933
+
†Camptostroma roddyi Ruedemann 1933
Invalid names: Camptostroma Ruedemann 1933 [replaced]
Or. †Cyathocystida Bell 1975
+
Fm. †Cyathocystidae Bather 1899
+
G. †Cyathocystis Schmidt 1879
G. †Cyathotheca Jaekel 1927
Or. †Edrioasterida Bell 1976
+
G. †Aepyaster
Subor. †Edrioasterina Bather 1898
+
Fm. †Edrioasteridae Bather 1898
Subor. †Edrioblastoidina Fay 1962
+
Fm. †Astrocystitidae Bassler 1935
Fm. †Rhenopyrgidae Holloway and Jell 1983
G. †Edriophus
G. †Stromatocystites Pompeckj 1896
+
+
Invalid names: Stromatocystites balticus Jaekel 1899 [synonym], Stromatocystites flexibilis Parsley and Prokop 2004 [synonym]
†Stromatocystites reduncus Smith and Jell 1990
†Stromatocystites walcotti Schuchert 1919
Fm. †Totiglobidae Bell and Sprinkle 1978
+
Or. †Edrioblastoida Fay 1962
+
G. †Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990
+
†Cambroblastus enubilatus Smith and Jell 1990
†Cambroblastus guolensis Zhu et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cambroblastus Smith and Jell 1990 [objective synonym]
Or. †Pentacystida Jaeckel 1918
+
Fm. †Steganoblastidae Bather 1900
Fm. †Hemicystitidae Bassler 1936
+
G. †Anglidiscus Regnéll 1950
G. †Bassleridiscus Fisher 1951
+
G. †Carneyella Forste 1916
G. †Cincinnatidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Cystaster Hall 1871
G. †Foerstediscus Bassler 1935
G. †Hemicystites Hall 1852
G. †Lebetodiscus Bather 1908
G. †Lepidoconia Wilson 1946
G. †Timeischytes Ehlers and Kesling 1958
Or. †Isorophida
+
Fm. †Agelacrinitidae Clarke 1901
+
G. †Agelacrinites Vanuxem 1842
Subfm. †Agelacrinitinae Chapman 1860
G. †Bellastrella Müller et al. 2013
G. †Cooperidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Dinocystis Bather 1898
Subfm. †Discocystinae Sumrall 1996
G. †Hystrichopsydrax Guensburg 1988
G. †Krama
G. †Lepidodiscus Meek and Worthen 1868
G. †Neoisorophusella Kammer 1987
Subfm. †Postibullinae Sumrall 2000
G. †Savagella
G. †Thresherodiscus Foerste 1914
G. †Ulrichidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Chatsworthia Smith and Jell 1990
+
†Chatsworthia spinosa Smith and Jell 1990
G. †Deltadiscus Guensberg and Sprinkle 1994
G. †Hadrodiscus Smith and Jell 1990
+
†Hadrodiscus parma Smith and Jell 1990
Fm. †Lebetodiscidae Bell 1976
+
G. †Euhydrodiskos Guensburg 1988
G. †Protorophus Zamora and Smith 2010
+
†Protorophus hispanicus Zamora and Smith 2010
Subor. †Isorophina Bell 1976
+
Fm. †Isorophidae Bell 1976
+
G. †Euryeschatia Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Isorophus Foerste 1916
G. †Isorophusella Bassler 1935
Fm. †Isorophinidae Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
G. †Anedriophus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
†Anedriophus moroccoensis Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Kailidiscus Zhao et al. 2010
+
†Kailidiscus chinensis Zhao et al. 2010
Fm. †Pyrgocystidae Kesling 1967
+
G. †Argodiscus Prokop 1965
+
†Argodiscus espilezorum Sumrall and Zamora 2011
†Argodiscus hornyi Prokop 1965
+
†Belochthus chauveli Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Epipaston
G. †Moroccopyrgus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
+
†Moroccopyrgus matacarros Sumrall and Zamora 2011
G. †Pyrgocystis Bather 1915
+
†Pyrgocystis cylindrica Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis procera Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis sardesoni Bather 1915
†Pyrgocystis sulcata Aurivillius 1892
†Pyrgocystis varia Aurivillius 1892
G. †Streptaster Hall 1872
+
†Streptaster nodosus Sumrall and Zamora 2011
Fm. †Stromatocystitidae Bassler 1936
+
G. †Cambraster Cabibel et al. 1958
+
†Cambraster cannati Miquel 1894
†Cambraster tastudorum Jell et al. 1985
+
†Edriodiscus primotica Henderson and Shergold 1971
G. †Stromatocyctites Pompeck 1896
G. †Walcottidiscus Bassler 1935
G. †Xenocystites Bassler 1936
Fm. †Yorkicystitidae Zamora et al. 2022
+
G. †Yorkicystis Zamora et al. 2022
+
†Yorkicystis haefneri Zamora et al. 2022
Invalid names: Cyathothecidae Jaekel 1927 [empty], Stromatocystitida [empty]
Subph. Eleutherozoa Bell 1891
+
Unr. Asterozoa von Zittel 1895
+
Cl. Asteroidea de Blainville 1830 [sea star]
+
Subcl. Ambuloasteroidea Blake and Hagdorn 2003
Or. Cryptozonia Sladen 1889
Or. †Euaxosida Blake 2018
Or. †Hadrosida Blake 2018
Or. †Hemizonida Spencer 1951
+
Invalid names: Gnathasterina Spencer 1951 [synonym]
G. †Hunsrueckaster Lehmann 1957
Or. †Kermasida Blake 2018
G. †Lepidasterella Schuchert 1914
Fm. †Petrasteridae Spencer 1951
+
Invalid names: Uranasteridae Spencer 1916 [synonym]
Or. Phanerozonida Sladen 1889
Or. †Platyasterida Spencer 1951
G. Pleuraster Agassiz 1836
G. †Proactis Spencer 1914
G. †Protarthraster Spencer 1918
Or. †Pustulosida Spencer 1951
G. †Silicaster Kesling 1969
G. †Trichotaster Wright 1880
G. †Yarravaster Spencer 1950
Invalid names: Arthrasteridae Spencer 1918 [empty], Euasteroidea Sladen 1889 [empty], Neopalaeasteridae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Schuchertiidae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Spinulosacea Blake 1987 [empty]
Fm. †Falloasteridae Blake et al. 2019
+
G. †Falloaster Blake et al. 2019
Cl. Ophiuroidea Gray 1840 [brittle star]
+
G. †Ataxaster Jaekel 1903
G. †Calclyra Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Calyptactis Spencer 1930
Fm. †Cheiropterasteridae Spencer 1934
Fm. †Encrinasteridae Schuchert 1914
+
Invalid names: Aspidosomatidae Gregory 1899 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Euzonosomatidae Spencer 1930
G. †Lumectaster Jell 1997
G. †Muldaster Thuy et al. 2022 [brittle star]
Subor. Myophiurina Matsumoto 1915
G. †Nodolanx
Or. Oegophiurida Matsumoto 1915
G. †Ophiaulaxoides Yang and Nie 1982
G. †Ophioma Pomel 1885
G. †Ophiopetagno Thuy et al. 2022
G. †Ophiotrigonum Hess 1960
G. †Ophiurella Agassiz 1836
Subcl. Ophiuridea Gray 1840
Or. Phrynophiurida Matsumoto 1915
Fm. †Stenasteridae Schuchert 1914
Invalid names: Calclyridae Frizzell and Exline 1955 [empty], Hallasteridae Spencer 1925 [empty], Myophiuridadup Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuridea Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuroida Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Zygophiurae [empty]
Fm. †Phragmactinidae Spencer 1951
+
G. †Phragmactis Spencer 1940
G. †Swataria Blake 2014
Cl. †Somasteroidea Spencer 1951
+
G. †Archegonaster Jaekel 1923
G. †Catervaparmaster Blake 2000
Fm. †Chinianasteridae Spencer 1951
+
Invalid names: Villebrunasteridae Fell 1963 [synonym]
Or. †Goniactinida Spencer 1951
Invalid names: Archegonasteridae Spencer 1951 [empty]
Cl. †Stenuroidea Spencer 1951
+
G. †Acinetaster Kesling 1982
G. †Echinasterella Stürtz 1890
Fm. †Embolasteridae Blake 2008
G. †Hystrigaster Lehmann 1957
G. †Jaekelaster Stürtz 1899
Fm. †Klasmuridae Spencer 1925
G. †Lehmannaster Blake et al. 2016
G. †Lopidiaster Blake et al. 2016
G. †Maydena Jell 2014
G. †Palasteriscus Stürtz 1886
Subor. †Parophiurina Jaekel 1923
Subor. †Proturina Spencer and Wright 1966
G. †Ptilonaster Hall 1868
G. †Stuertzaster Etheridge 1899
Invalid names: Eophiuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Palaeuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Scalarina Hotchkiss 1976 [empty]
Invalid names: Catervaparmasteridae Blake 2000 [empty], Eopentaroida Dean Shackleton 2005 [empty], Stelleroidea Gregory 1900 [objective synonym]
Unr. †Echinozoa von Zittel 1895
+
Cl. Echinoidea Leske 1778 [sea urchin]
+
Fm. †Archaeocidaridae M'Coy 1844
G. †Bromidechinus Smith and Savill 2001
Subcl. Cidaroidea Claus 1880
Fm. †Corystusidae International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2009
+
Invalid names: Corystidae Foster and Philip 1978 [replaced]
Or. Echinoida Troschel 1872
Subcl. Euechinoidea Bronn 1860
Or. Exocycloida Jackson
G. Parechinus Mortensen 1903
Subcl. †Perischoechinoidea M'Coy 1849
Fm. †Proterocidaridae Smith 1984
Subcl. Regularia Latreille 1825
G. †Strechoritina Kozur and Mostler 1972
Or. Temnopleuroida Mortensen 1942
G. †Uvanogelia Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Yunnanechinus Thompson et al. 2018
Invalid names: Acrosalenioida Vadet 1999 [empty], Centrechinoida Jackson [empty], Cidaris aculeata Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris aialensis Kier 1977 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alpina Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alternata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris austriaca Desor 1858 [nomen dubium], Cidaris avena Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biconica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biformis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris braunii Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris buchii Münster 1833 [nomen dubium], Cidaris caudex Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris cingulata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris coralliophila Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costalarensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costeanensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decorata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decoratissima von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris dorsata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ecki Assmann 1926 [nomen dubium], Cidaris forminensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris fustis Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris glabra Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris hausmanni Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris lanceata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris linearis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris milierensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ovata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris perplexa Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris petersii Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris plana Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris pyramidalis Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadrialata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadriserrata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris regnyi Lambert 1905 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Assmann 1937 [nomen dubium], Cidaris reticulata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris schwageri von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris scrobiculata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris seelandica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris semicostata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris similis Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spinachristi Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spongiosa Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stipes Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stoppanii de Loriol 1872 [nomen dubium], Cidaris sulcata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tenuicostata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tetraedrica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trapezoidalis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trigona Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris triserrata Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris undulatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Cidaris valparolae Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris waechteri Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris wissmanni Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris zardini Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Dallonia Lambert 1920 [nomen nudum], Diplocidaroida Vadet 1988 [empty], Echinopluteus Mortensen 1897 [nomen nudum], Exocycloidea [empty], Gajechinus Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [nomen nudum], Gnathostomata von Zittel 1879 [empty], Hemicidaris gracilis Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Hemicidaris obliquelineata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Oligopygoida [empty], Ombria Quenstedt 1874 [nomen nudum], Plegiocidaris senex Lambert 1900 [nomen dubium], Pleurechinus Agassiz 1841 [nomen nudum], Protocidaris de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium], Radiolus Auctorum [invalid subgroup], Radiolus adametzi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus alutensis Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus antipai Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus boletus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus complanatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Radiolus culter Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus festuca Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus fusus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus herbichi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus lineola Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus penna Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus racadaui Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus raiblianus Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus rostratus Korner 1937 [nomen dubium], Radiolus segmentatus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Vernius de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium]
Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]
+
G. †Acanthocaudina Mostler 1970
Fm. †Achistrulidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Fm. †Alexandritidae Kristan-Tollmann 1964
Or. Apodida Brandt 1835
Or. †Arthrochirotida Seilacher 1961
Or. Aspidochirotida Brandt 1835
G. †Bogschites Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. Calcancorellidae Frizzell and Exline 1966
Fm. †Canisiidae Mostler 1972
Fm. †Chiridotitidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1957
G. †Conisia
Or. Dactylochirotida Pawson and Fell 1965
Or. Dendrochirotida Grube 1840
Or. Elasipodida Théel 1882
Fm. †Etheridgellidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Harinellites Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Irinella Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Kaliobullitidae Kristan-Tollmann 1963
Fm. †Kozurellidae Mostler 1972
Fm. †Kuehnitidae Mostler 1968
G. Laetmophasma Ludwig 1894
G. †Leptosynapta Heding 1928
Or. Molpadiida Haeckel 1896
G. †Ocellothuria Boczarowski 2001
Fm. †Palelpidiidae Mostler 1968
G. †Placerotapis Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Priscopedatidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Sclerothurites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Fm. †Semperitidae Mostler 1970
Fm. †Stichopitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
Fm. †Synaptellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline 1955
Fm. Theeliidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Thyonidium Düren and Koren 1846
G. †Triradites Mostler 1969
Invalid names: Apodacea [empty], Arthrochirota Seilacher 1961 [empty], Aspidochirotacea [empty], Dendrochirotacea [empty], Paractinopoda [empty], Protocaudinidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962 [empty], Punctatitidae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976 [empty], Rotiformidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1950 [empty]
Cl. †Ophiocistioidea Sollas 1899
+
G. †Branzoviella Prokop and Petr 2002
Fm. †Eucladidae Gregory 1897
Fm. †Linguaserridae Reich and Haude 2004
Fm. †Rhenosquamidae Richter 1930
Fm. †Rotasacciidae Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
Fm. †Sollasinidae Fedotov 1926
Fm. †Volchoviidae Hecker 1938
G. †Erinea Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Erinea triassica Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Fanerocoelia Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Fanerocoelia pennata Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Helicocystitidae Smith and Zamora 2013
+
G. †Helicocystis Smith and Zamora 2013
+
†Helicocystis moroccoensis Smith and Zamora 2013
Cl. †Helicoplacoidea Durham and Caster 1963
+
Fm. †Helicoplacidae Durham and Caster 1966
+
G. †Helicoplacus Durham and Caster 1963
+
†Helicoplacus gilberti Durham and Caster 1963
+
Invalid names: Helicoplacus casteri Durham 1993 [synonym], Helicoplacus curtisi Durham and Caster 1963 [synonym], Helicoplacus everndeni Durham 1967 [synonym], Helicoplacus guthi Durham 1993 [synonym], Westgardella blancoensis Durham 1993 [synonym], Westgardella firbyi Durham 1967 [synonym]
Invalid names: Westgardella Durham 1993 [synonym]
G. †Polyplacus Durham 1967
+
†Polyplacus kilmeri Durham 1967
G. †Waucobella Durham 1967
+
†Waucobella nelsoni Durham 1967
Invalid names: Helicoplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Polyplacida Durham 1967 [empty], Westgardellidae Durham 1993 [invalid subgroup]
Subph. †Homalozoa Whitehouse 1941
+
Invalid names: Homoiostelea Gill and Caster 1960 [empty], Homostelea [empty]
G. †Iheringiana Berg 1898
G. †Limolepis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Limolepis interrupta Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Limolepis manicaformis Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Nemotapis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Nemotapis inflecta Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Nemotapis procera Kozur and Mostler 1972
Fm. †Pediculacaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
G. †Pediculicaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
†Pediculicaudina siciliensis Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Spicatocaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989
Subph. †Pelmatozoa Leuckart 1848
+
Cl. †Cystoidea von Buch 1846
+
Invalid names: Hydrophoridea Zittel 1903 [empty], Protocystites Salter 1865 [nomen nudum]
G. †Radimonis Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Radimonis foliacea Kozur and Mostler 1972
G. †Scoteinocystis Ubaghs 1999
+
Cl. †Stylophora Gill and Caster 1960
+
Or. †Cornuta Jaekel 1901
+
Subor. †Amygdalothecida Lefebvre and Vizcaino 1999
+
Fm. †Amygdalothecidae Ubaghs 1969
Fm. †Hanusiidae Cripps 1991
G. †Arauricystis Lefebvre and Vizcaino 1999
+
†Arauricystis primaeva Thoral 1935
Fm. †Ceratocystidae Jaekel 1901
+
G. †Chauvelia
Subor. †Cothurnocystida Bather 1913
+
Fm. †Cothurnocystidae Bather 1913
Fm. †Phyllocystidae Derstler 1979
+
G. †Drepanocarpos Smith and Jell 1999
G. †Protocystites Hicks 1872
+
Invalid names: Protocystis Bather 1900 [synonym]
Or. †Mitrata Jaekel 1918
+
Subor. †Anomalocystitida Caster 1952
+
Fm. †Allanicytidiidae Caster and Gill 1967
Fm. †Anomalocystitidae Bassler 1938
Fm. †Australocystidae Caster 1954
Fm. †Placocystitidae Caster 1952
G. †Chaivella
Subor. †Lagynocystida Baster 1952
+
Invalid names: Lagynocystidae Jaekel 1918 [empty]
G. †Lobocarpus Ubaghs 1999
+
†Lobocarpus vizcainoi Ubaghs 1999
Subor. †Mitrocystitida Caster 1952
+
G. †Ateleocystites Billings 1858
G. †Ovocarpus Ubaghs 1994
Fm. †Paranacystidae Caster 1954
G. †Promitrocystites Lefebvre 2000
Invalid names: Mitrocystitidae Ubaghs 1968 [empty]
Subor. †Peltocystida Jefferies 1973
+
Fm. †Jaekelocarpidae Kolata et al. 1991
Fm. †Kirkocystidae Caster 1952
G. †Taebaekocystis Lee et al. 2006
Invalid names: Peltocystidae Ubaghs 1967 [empty]
Invalid names: Ankyroida Parsley 1998 [invalid subgroup], Reticulocarpidae Cripps and Daley 1994 [empty]
Fm. †Tubocaudinidae Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
G. †Tubocaudina Kozur and Mostler 1989
+
†Tubocaudina longitubus Kozur and Mostler 1989
G. †Venerella Kozur and Mostler 1972
+
†Venerella globosa Kozur and Mostler 1972
†Venerella stillata Kozur and Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Carpoidea Jaekel 1900 [empty], Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 [empty], Paracrinozoa Parsley and Mintz 1975 [empty], Scutellidae Angas 1871 [empty], Scutellinidae Dall 1889 [empty]
Ph. Hemichordata Bateson 1885 [acorn worm]
+
+
Fm. Harrimaniidae Spengel 1901
+
G. Saccoglossus Schimkewitsch 1892
+
†Saccoglossus testa Cameron 2016
G. †Spartobranchus Caron et al. 2013
+
†Spartobranchus tenuis Caron et al. 2013
Fm. Spengelidae Willey 1899
+
G. †Mazoglossus Bardack 1997
+
†Mazoglossus ramsdelli Bardack 1997
Cl. Pterobranchia Lankester 1877 [pterobranch]
+
+
Fm. †Cephalodiscidae Harmer 1905
+
Invalid names: Eocephalodiscidae Kozłowski 1949 [synonym]
Subcl. Graptolithina Bronn 1849 [graptolite]
+
Unr. †Acanthastida Kozlowski 1949
+
G. †Acanthastus Kozlowski 1948
Or. †Camaroidea
+
Fm. †Bithecocamaridae Bulman 1955
Fm. †Cysticamaridae Bulman 1955
Or. †Crustoidea Bulman 1970
+
G. †Ruedemannicrusta Kozlowski 1962
Invalid names: Hormograptidae Bulman 1970 [empty]
Fm. †Cyclograptidae Bulman 1938
+
G. †Camarotubus Mierzejewski 2001
G. †Conitubus
G. †Marsipograptus Ruedemann 1936
Or. †Dendroidea Nicholson 1872
+
Fm. †Acanthograptidae Bulman 1938
G. †Aretograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1962
Fm. †Dendrograptidae Roemer 1897
Invalid names: Chaunograptidae Bulman 1955 [empty]
Fm. †Dithecodendridae Obut 1964
+
G. †Archaeolafoea Chapman 1919
G. †Bulmanidendrum Obut 1974
G. †Dalyia Walcott 1919
G. †Karasidendrum Sennikov 1998
G. †Ovetograptus Sdzuy 1974
G. †Protodendrum Sennikov 1998
G. †Siberiodendrum Obut 1964
G. †Sibiriograptus Obut 1964
G. †Sotograptus Sdzuy 1974
G. †Tarnagraptus Sdzuy 1974
Unr. †Graptoblasti Kozlowski 1949
+
Unr. †Graptoloida Maletz et al. 2009 [graptoloid]
+
Unr. †Eugraptoloida Maletz et al. 2009
Invalid names: Panreclinata Maletz et al. 2009 [empty]
Or. †Graptoloidea Lapworth 1875
+
Subor. †Axonophora Frech 1897
G. †Crinitograptus Rickards 1995
Subor. †Dichograptina Lapworth 1873
Fm. †Didymograptidae Mu 1950
Subor. †Didymograptina Lapworth 1875
Subor. †Glossograptina Jaanuson 1960
+
Invalid names: Bireclinata Maletz et al. 2009 [synonym]
Subor. †Graptodendroidina Mu and Lin 1981
Fm. †Kinnegraptidae Mu 1974
G. †Lenzograptus Loydell 2020
+
Invalid names: Lenzia Rickards and Wright 1999 [replaced]
Subor. †Monograptina Lapworth 1880
G. †Neocolonograptus Urbanek 1997
G. †Parapetalolithis Koren' and Rickards 1996
Subor. †Sinograpta Maletz 2009
Subor. †Sinograptina Maletz 2009
Invalid names: Bryograptidae Obut 1957 [empty], Dichograptacea Lapworth 1873 [empty], Virgellina Fortey and Cooper 1986 [empty]
G. †Palmatophycus Boucek 1941
+
†Palmatophycus contractus Boucek 1941
Fm. †Rhabdopleuridae Harmer 1905
+
G. †Calyxhydra Kozlowski 1959
G. †Chitinodendron Eisenack 1938
G. Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst 1848
G. †Haplograptus Ruedemann 1933
G. Rhabdopleura Allman 1869
+
Invalid names: Rhabdopleura Allman 1867 [objective synonym]
G. Rhapdopleura Allman 1869
Fm. †Wimanicrustidae Bulman 1970
+
G. †Bulmanicrusta Kozlowski 1962
Invalid names: Diplograptoidea Lapworth 1880 [empty], Dithecoidea Obut 1964 [empty], Graptolithus Linnaeus 1768 [invalid subgroup], Graptovermida Kozlowski 1949 [empty], Limpidograptus [nomen vanum], Stolonoidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty], Thamnograptus [nomen vanum], Trigonograptus Lapworth 1873 [nomen vanum], Tuboidea Kozlowski 1938 [empty]
G. †Mastograptus LoDuca and Kramer 2014
G. †Webbyites Kraft et al. 2001
+
†Webbyites felix Muir and Gutiérrez-Marco 2023
†Webbyites rokycanensis Boucek 1956
Invalid names: Rhabdopleurida Fowler 1892 [empty]
Unr. †Vetulocystida Shu et al. 2002
+
Fm. †Vetulocystidae Shu et al. 2002
+
G. †Dianchicystis Shu et al. 2002
+
†Dianchicystis jianshanensis Shu et al. 2002
G. †Thylacocercus Conway Morris et al. 2015
+
†Thylacocercus ignota Conway Morris et al. 2015
G. †Vetulocystis Shu et al. 2002
+
†Vetulocystis catenata Shu et al. 2002
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Branchian to the top of the Holocene or 517.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma

Collections (15406 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0USA (California) Pelmatozoa indet. (226261)
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0China (Yunnan) Dianchicystis jianshanensis (213116) Vetulocystis catenata (213115)
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Montana) Acanthograptus sp., Dendrograptus sp. (258)
Cambrian538.8 - 485.4USA (Alaska) Callograptus sp., Dictyonema sp. (114979) Dendrograptus sp. (114981)
Paleozoic538.8 - 251.902USA (Alaska) Crinoidea indet. (112328 112329 112330 112415 112452 112453 112480 112493 112496 112535 112541 112542 112544 112545 112546)
Tommotian - Atdabanian525.5 - 516.0Guinea Echinodermata indet. (209267)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Guizhou) Rhabdopleurida indet. (96641)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Russian Federation (Siberia) Eocrinoidea indet. (174251 174252)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0China (Yunnan) Cheungkongella ancestralis, Stellostomites eumorphus (68083) Echinodermata indet. (90136) Eldonia sp. (86929 86933) Stellostomites eumorhus (86846) Stellostomites eumorphus (86845 86851 90164 90495) Stellostomites eumorphus, Rotadiscus grandis (90494)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Australia (South Australia) Echinodermata indet. (97747 97749 97789) Echinodermata ossicles (96454)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Yunnan) Stellostomites eumorpha (132327 132330 194140 194155 194160 194161 194162)
Nangaoian521.0 - 514.0China (Hubai) Eldonia sp., Echinodermata indet. (219687)
Atdabanian - Botomian521.0 - 512.9China (Shaanxi) Echinodermata indet. (91499)
Series 2521.0 - 509.0China (Jiangsu) Vyscystis spinosa (235095 235096)
Branchian517.1 - 509.0Canada (New Brunswick) Echinodermata indet. (84396 84397)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Australia (South Australia) Echinodermata indet. (79945 97745 97770 97771 97773 97774 97775 97776)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Italy (Sardegna) Echinodermata indet. (81028 81030 81031 81032)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9USA (Virginia) Echinodermata indet. (81076)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9Spain (Andalucia) Gogia andalusiae (8093)
Botomian516.0 - 512.9France (Languedoc-Rousillon) Echinodermata indet. (81088)