PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Theropoda (theropod)

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Theropoda was named by Marsh (1881). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).

It was reranked as the suborder Theropoda by Dollo (1884), Zittel (1890), Winkler (1893), Sauvage (1896), Gadow (1897), Sauvage (1898), Gegenbaur (1898), Woodward (1898), Van Den Broeck (1900), Sauvage (1900), Nopcsa (1901), Huene (1902), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Lambe (1905), Sauvage (1914), Janensch (1914), Lull (1915), Matthew (1915), Lull (1917), McKelvey (1920), Joleaud (1922), Lull (1924), Hay (1930), Swinton (1934), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Lapparent (1947), Haughton and Brink (1954), Delair (1960), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Ostrom (1965), Simmons (1965), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Miller (1967), Reig (1970), Kuhn (1971), Haubold (1971), Ellenberger (1972), Delair (1973), Haubold (1974), Anderson and Cruickshank (1978), Baird and Horner (1979), Benton (1979), McIntosh (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), McGinnis (1982), Bonaparte and Novas (1985), Battail (1986), Parrish and Carpenter (1986), Buscalioni and Sanz (1987), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Chure et al. (2006), You et al. (2014), Zaher et al. (2020); it was synonymized subjectively with Goniopoda by Baur (1887); it was synonymized subjectively with Plateosauria by Tornier (1913); it was reranked as the infraclass Theropoda by Bakker (1986); it was reranked as the superorder Theropoda by Paul (1988); it was reranked as the unranked clade Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882), Parks (1935), Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Novas (1992), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Clarke and Chiappe (2001), Carrano et al. (2002), Rauhut (2003), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Langer (2004), Yates (2005), Irmis (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Novas et al. (2008), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Langer et al. (2010), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Zanno et al. (2011), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Azuma et al. (2016), Apesteguia et al. (2016), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Rauhut and Pol (2017), Xu et al. (2018), Porfiri et al. (2018), Chokchaloemwong et al. (2019), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Ely and Case (2019), Poropat et al. (2020), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Delcourt and Iori (2020), Averianov et al. (2024), Carrano (2024).

It was assigned to Dinosauri by Quenstedt (1882); to Dinosauri by Gadow (1897); to Dinosauria by Marsh (1882), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884), Marsh (1885), Lydekker (1885), Lydekker (1888), Zittel (1890), Marsh (1894), Marsh (1895), Sauvage (1896), Marsh (1896), Sauvage (1898), Gegenbaur (1898), Woodward (1898), Van Den Broeck (1900), Sauvage (1900), Nopcsa (1901), Huene (1902), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Hay (1902), Lull (1904), Lambe (1905), von Zittel (1911), Lull (1912), Broom (1913), Sauvage (1914), Janensch (1914), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), McKelvey (1920), Joleaud (1922); to Saurischia by Parks (1935); to Saurischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Archaeornithes by Thulborn (1975); to Archosauria by Carpenter (1992); to Reptilia by Clarke and Chiappe (2001); to Saurischia by Matthew (1915), Lull (1924), Hay (1930), Swinton (1936), Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Lapparent (1947), Lull (1953), Haughton and Brink (1954), Romer (1956), Delair (1960), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Estes (1964), Colbert (1964), Ostrom (1965), Simmons (1965), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Miller (1967), Reig (1970), Swinton (1970), Steel (1970), Colbert (1970), Kuhn (1971), Haubold (1971), Ellenberger (1972), Delair (1973), Haubold (1974), Anderson and Cruickshank (1978), Baird and Horner (1979), Benton (1979), Ostrom (1980), McIntosh (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), McGinnis (1982), Russell (1984), Bonaparte and Novas (1985), Jensen (1985), Battail (1986), Parrish and Carpenter (1986), Buscalioni and Sanz (1987), Carroll (1988), Long and Murry (1995), Peng et al. (2001), Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004), Chure et al. (2006); to Dinosauria by Marsh (1884), Dollo (1885), Winkler (1893), Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901), Perrier (1928), Bakker (1986), Paul (1988), Gay (2010); to Eusaurischia by Langer (2004), Yates (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Bittencourt and Langer (2011); to Dinosauria by Osborn (1903), Osborn (1904), Allain et al. (2012), Zaher et al. (2020); to Saurischia by Swinton (1934), Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Osmolska (1990), Novas (1992), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Carrano et al. (2002), Rauhut (2003), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Gao and Liu (2005), Irmis (2005), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Langer et al. (2010), Nesbitt (2011), You et al. (2014), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Averianov et al. (2024); and to Dinosauria by Novas et al. (2008), Zanno et al. (2011), Loewen et al. (2013), Azuma et al. (2016), Apesteguia et al. (2016), Rauhut and Pol (2017), Xu et al. (2018), Porfiri et al. (2018), Chokchaloemwong et al. (2019), Ely and Case (2019), Poropat et al. (2020), Wang et al. (2020), Delcourt and Iori (2020), Pol et al. (2024), Carrano (2024).

Subtaxa

Ageroolithus, Allosaurus sibiricus, Altispinax, Anchisauripodidae (syn. Otouphepodidae), Archaeornithoididae, Avalonia, Avipoda, Boutakioutichnium, Bradycnemidae, Byakudansauropus, Calamospondylus, Carmelopodus, Chindesaurus, Coeluroidae, Coeluroidea, Compsognatha, Corpulentapus, Daemonosaurus, Deinocheirosauria, Deinodontia, Dispersituberoolithus, Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis, Elongatoolithidae, Embasaurus, Eodromaeus, Erythrovenator, Eubrontes titanopelobatidus, Eubrontidae, Eutynichnium, Fenestrosaurus, Filichnites, Fuscinapedis, Gigandipodidae, Grallatoridae (syn. Anchisauropodidae), Gypsichnites, Hadrosaurichnus, Halticosaurus, Herrerasauridae, Himeoolithus, Hispanosauropus, Hunanpus, Iberosauripus, Iliosuchidae, Iranosauripus, Irenesauripus, Itsukisauropus, Jialingpus, Kakuru, Kakuru kujani, Kalohipus, Kayentapus (syn. Schizograllator, Talmontopus), Kuwajimasauropus, Laevisoolithidae (syn. Subtiliolithidae), Massospondylus rawesi, Megalosauropus, Megalosaurus cloacinus, Megalosaurus hungaricus, Megalosaurus insignis, Megalosaurus lydekkeri, Megalosaurus obtusus, Megalosaurus pombali, Moraesichnium, Neotheropoda, Nipponoolithus, Oblongoolithidae, Orcauichnites, Ordexallopus, Ornithoides, Ornithopodichnites, Ostafrikasaurus, Ostendichnus, Ovoraptor, Ozraptor, Paleotheropoda, Parachirotheriidae, Paracorpulentapus, Paragrallator, Picunichnus, Plectropus, Poekilopleuron schmidti, Protoavis, Prototrisauropodiscus, Ralikhomopus, Reticuloolithus, Salfitichnus, Saltopoides, Sarmientichnus (syn. Casamiquelichnus), Saurocephalus monasterii, Sauropodidae, Segisauridae, Selenichnidae, Selenichnus, Shuangbaisaurus, Siamopodus, Sigilmassasauridae, Sinosaurus, Spinosauria, Stillatuberoolithus, Symphypoda, Szechuanosaurus, Tawa, Therangospodus, Triprismatoolithus, Trisauropodiscidae, Tristraguloolithus, Tubercuoolithus, Unenlagiidae, Vitakrisauria, Wakinosaurus, Wakinyantanka, Walgettosuchus, Wildeichnus, Xiangxipus, Yangtzepus, Yaverlandia, Zanclodon cambrensis, Zanclodon silesiacus, Zanclodontoidae, Zhengichnus, Zhengichnus jinningensis

Sister taxa

Paleotheropoda

Year	Name and author
1846	Saurocephalus monasterii Münster p. 48 figs. Pl. 3:15
1858	Megalosaurus cloacinus Quenstedt pp. 33, 348
1866	Goniopoda Cope
1867	Goniopoda Cope pp. 234-235
1869	Goniopoda Cope p. 99
1870	Megalosaurus cloacinus Endlich p. 10
1870	Megalosaurus insignis Eudes-Deslongchamps and Lennier
1870	Megalosaurus insignis Lennier p. 35
1870	Megalosaurus cloacinus Roemer p. 183–184
1871	Goniopoda Cope p. 234
1874	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 7
1875	Goniopoda Cope p. 13
1876	Megalosaurus obtusus Henry p. 403 figs. Pl. 1:1-4
1876	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 439
1877	Goniopoda Cope p. 572
1879	Goniopoda Seeley p. 183
1880	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 523
1881	Theropoda Marsh
1882	Theropoda Marsh
1882	Theropoda Quenstedt p. 189
1882	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 8
1883	Goniopoda Cope p. 98
1883	Poekilopleuron schmidti Kiprianow
1884	Megalosaurus insignis Dames p. 188
1884	Theropoda Dollo p. 298
1884	Theropoda Marsh p. 69
1885	Theropoda Dollo p. 35
1885	Theropoda Lydekker p. 37
1885	Theropoda Marsh p. 764
1887	Goniopoda Baur p. 101
1887	Megalosaurus insignis Koken p. 9
1887	Megalosaurus insignis Lennier pp. 25-26
1888	Megalosaurus insignis Lydekker p. 60
1888	Theropoda Lydekker p. 154
1888	Megalosaurus insignis Lydekker p. 163
1888	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 624
1889	Calamospondylus Lydekker pp. 119-121
1890	Massospondylus rawesi Lydekker p. 22 fig. 1
1890	Megalosaurus insignis Woodward and Sherborn p. 249
1890	Theropoda Zittel p. 450
1890	Megalosaurus insignis Zittel p. 724
1890	Calamospondylus Zittel p. 733
1893	Megalosaurus insignis Parent p. 66
1893	Theropoda Winkler p. 98
1894	Theropoda Marsh
1894	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 927
1895	Theropoda Marsh
1895	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 465
1896	Megalosaurus insignis Depéret p. 190
1896	Theropoda Marsh p. 239
1896	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 47
1896	Theropoda Sauvage p. 48
1897	Theropoda Gadow p. 204
1897	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 865
1898	Theropoda Gadow p. 22
1898	Theropoda Gegenbaur p. 532
1898	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 8
1898	Theropoda Sauvage p. 8
1898	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 443
1898	Avalonia Seeley
1898	Avalonia sanfordi Seeley
1898	Theropoda Woodward p. 141
1899	Zanclodon cambrensis Newton p. 89 figs. pl. 10
1900	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 417
1900	Theropoda Sauvage p. 417
1900	Theropoda Van Den Broeck p. 82
1900	Megalosaurus insignis Van Den Broeck p. 84
1901	Theropoda Gadow p. 420
1901	Theropoda Nopcsa p. 195
1901	Avalonia Nopcsa p. 196
1901	Avalonia sanfordi Nopcsa p. 196
1901	Zanclodon cambrensis Nopcsa p. 198
1901	Megalosaurus hungaricus Nopcsa p. 200
1901	Calamospondylus Nopcsa p. 202
1902	Theropoda Hay p. 487
1902	Theropoda Huene
1902	Theropoda Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxv
1902	Megalosaurus hungaricus Nopcsa p. 107
1902	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 19
1903	Theropoda Osborn p. 456
1904	Theropoda Lull p. 479
1904	Theropoda Osborn p. 113
1905	Plateosaurus cloacinus Huene p. 348
1905	Theropoda Lambe p. 48
1906	Megalosaurus hungaricus Ameghino p. 81
1907	Megalosaurus obtusus Sauvage p. 9
1908	Plateosaurus cloacinus Huene p. 12
1908	Halticosaurus Huene p. 231 fig. 97
1908	Halticosaurus longotarsus Huene p. 231 fig. 97
1908	Plateosaurus obtusus Huene p. 246 fig. 276
1908	Halticosaurus Huene p. 265
1908	Halticosaurus longotarsus Huene p. 321 figs. 252-257
1909	Calamospondylus Huene p. 13
1909	Halticosaurus Huene p. 16
1910	Zanclodon silesiacus Jaekel p. 220
1911	Theropoda von Zittel p. 278
1911	Calamospondylus von Zittel p. 280
1911	Halticosaurus von Zittel p. 283
1912	Theropoda Lull p. 411
1913	Theropoda Broom p. 364
1913	Halticosaurus longotarsus Fraas p. 1099
1914	Halticosaurus Fraas p. 130
1914	Halticosaurus longotarsus Fraas p. 130
1914	Halticosaurus longotarsus Hennig p. 418
1914	Halticosaurus Huene p. 11
1914	Halticosaurus longotarsus Huene p. 11
1914	Massospondylus rawesii Huene p. 14
1914	Zanclodon silesiacus Huene p. 14
1914	Plateosaurus cloacinus Huene p. 15
1914	Plateosaurus obtusus Huene p. 15
1914	Calamospondylus Huene p. 34
1914	Halticosaurus Huene p. 154
1914	Calamospondylus Huene p. 155
1914	Theropoda Janensch p. 82
1914	Megalosaurus insignis Sauvage p. 254
1914	Theropoda Sauvage p. 254
1915	Theropoda Lull p. 117
1915	Theropoda Matthew p. 32
1915	Megalosaurus hungaricus Nopcsa p. 16
1915	Allosaurus sibiricus Riabinin p. 135 figs. 1-2, Pl. 9-10
1917	Theropoda Lull p. 114
1917	Eubrontes titanopelobatidus Shuler p. 298 figs. 1-2
1920	Calamospondylus Huene p. 162
1920	Halticosaurus Huene p. 162
1920	Theropoda McKelvey p. 6
1921	Halticosaurus Huene pp. 317-320
1921	Halticosaurus longotarsus Huene pp. 319-320
1922	Theropoda Joleaud p. 59
1923	Calamospondylus Huene p. 455
1924	Theropoda Lull p. 229
1924	Ornithoides Osborn p. 141
1924	Allosaurus sibiricus Tolmachoff p. 490
1925	Megalosaurus insignis Depéret and Savornin p. 1110
1926	Megalosaurus insignis Huene p. 77
1926	Megalosaurus lydekkeri Huene p. 80
1926	Megalosaurus hungaricus Huene p. 81
1926	Calamospondylus Huene p. 85
1928	Streptospondylus insignis Depéret and Savornin pp. 261-263
1928	Calamospondylus Nopcsa p. 183
1928	Theropoda Perrier p. 3118
1930	Theropoda Hay p. 167
1931	Embasaurus Riabinin p. 112
1931	Embasaurus minax Riabinin p. 112 figs. Pl. 1
1931	Megalosaurus hungaricus Stromer p. 10
1931	Erectopus insignis Stromer p. 17
1932	Walgettosuchus Huene p. 69 figs. pl. 3, fig. 12
1932	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Huene p. 69 figs. pl. 3, fig. 12
1932	Magnosaurus lydekkeri Huene p. 220
1933	Massospondylus rawesi Huene p. 70
1934	Theropoda Swinton p. 30
1935	Theropoda Parks p. 184
1936	Calamospondylus Swinton pp. 206-207
1936	Theropoda Swinton p. 206
1937	Theropoda Roxo p. 44
1938	Halticosaurus longotarsus Berckhemer p. 195
1938	Halticosaurus Berckhemer p. 196
1938	Halticosaurus longotarsus Schmidt p. 68
1938	Plateosaurus cloacinus Schmidt p. 125
1938	Zanclodon silesiacus Schmidt p. 125
1939	Halticosaurus Kuhn p. 38
1939	Halticosaurus longotarsus Kuhn p. 38
1939	Calamospondylus Kuhn p. 45
1939	Walgettosuchus Kuhn p. 55
1939	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Kuhn p. 55
1939	Gresslyosaurus cloacinus Kuhn p. 61
1939	Zanclodon silesiacus Kuhn p. 63
1939	Massospondylus rawesii Kuhn p. 64
1939	Plateosaurus obtusus Kuhn p. 65
1939	Magnosaurus lydekkeri Kuhn p. 68
1939	Megalosaurus insignis Kuhn p. 70
1939	Embasaurus Kuhn p. 71
1939	Embasaurus minax Kuhn p. 71
1939	Antrodemus sibiricus Kuhn p. 75
1939	Megalosaurus hungaricus Kuhn p. 77
1939	Embasaurus minax Riabinin p. 5
1940	Massospondylus ravesi Huene p. 273
1942	Szechuanosaurus Young pp. 300-302 figs. Pl. 2:3-8
1942	Szechuanosaurus campi Young pp. 300-302 figs. Pl. 2:3-8
1942	Szechuanosaurus Young pp. 301-302
1943	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent p. 11
1943	Szechuanosaurus campi Young et al. p. 18
1944	Walgettosuchus Huene p. 449
1944	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Huene p. 449
1946	Theropoda Kuhn p. 65
1947	Theropoda Lapparent pp. 16-17
1947	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent p. 20
1947	Megalosaurus hungaricus Lapparent p. 21
1951	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent et al. p. 252
1951	Megalosaurus pombali Lapparent et al. p. 252 fig. 6
1951	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 1126
1952	Halticosaurus Bock p. 405
1953	Theropoda Lull p. 97
1954	Theropoda Haughton and Brink p. 4
1954	Allosaurus sibiricus Yuryev p. 187
1954	Embasaurus minax Yuryev p. 188
1954	Megalosaurus schmidti Yuryev p. 189
1956	Theropoda Romer p. 609
1956	Halticosaurus Romer p. 611
1956	Calamospondylus Romer p. 612
1956	Walgettosuchus Romer p. 612
1956	Embasaurus Romer p. 615
1956	Szechuanosaurus Romer p. 616
1957	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Lapparent p. 109
1957	Massospondylus rawesi Lapparent p. 111
1957	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 22
1957	Megalosaurus pombali Lapparent and Zbyszewski p. 25 fig. 6
1958	Szechuanosaurus Huene p. 205
1958	Szechuanosaurus Young p. 95
1958	Szechuanosaurus campi Young p. 95
1959	Szechuanosaurus Huene p. 121
1960	Theropoda Delair p. 76
1960	Megalosaurus hungaricus Jeletzky p. 34
1960	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Lapparent p. 30 figs. Pl. 4, 5, 11
1961	Avalonianus sanfordi Kuhn
1962	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Avnimelech p. 235
1963	Theropoda Parsch p. 4
1964	Theropoda Colbert p. 20 fig. 6
1964	Theropoda Estes p. 142
1964	Theropoda Tatarinov p. 529
1964	Halticosaurus Tatarinov p. 530
1964	Calamospondylus Tatarinov p. 533
1964	Walgettosuchus Tatarinov p. 533
1964	Embasaurus minax Tatarinov p. 536 fig. 573
1964	Embasaurus Tatarinov p. 537
1964	Szechuanosaurus Tatarinov p. 537
1965	Theropoda Ostrom p. 39
1965	Theropoda Simmons p. 53
1965	Halticosaurus Simmons p. 56
1965	Halticosaurus longotarsus Simmons p. 56
1965	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Simmons p. 59
1966	Theropoda Kuhn p. 89
1966	Calamospondylus Romer p. 369
1966	Embasaurus Romer p. 369
1966	Halticosaurus Romer p. 369
1966	Szechusanosaurus Romer p. 369
1966	Theropoda Romer p. 369
1966	Walgettosuchus Romer p. 369
1967	Avalonianus sanfordi Charig p. 712
1967	Halticosaurus Charig p. 713
1967	Halticosaurus longotarsus Charig p. 713
1967	Theropoda Charig p. 713
1967	Megalosaurus insignis Lapparent p. 10
1967	Plateosaurus obtusus Lapparent p. 11
1967	Saltopoides Lapparent and Montenat p. 27 fig. 15
1967	Saltopoides igalensis Lapparent and Montenat p. 27 fig. 15
1967	Saltopoides Lapparent and Montenat p. 33
1967	Theropoda Miller p. 232
1968	Saltopoides igalensis Courel et al. p. 277
1969	Saltopoides Haubold p. 99
1969	Saltopoides igalensis Haubold p. 100 fig. 8
1970	Theropoda Colbert p. 27
1970	Theropoda Reig p. 277
1970	Saltopoides igalensis Sarjeant p. 277
1970	Theropoda Steel p. 6
1970	Halticosaurus Steel p. 9
1970	Halticosaurus longotarsus Steel p. 9
1970	Calamospondylus Steel p. 13
1970	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Steel p. 16
1970	Walgettosuchus Steel p. 17
1970	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Steel p. 17
1970	Antrodemus sibiricus Steel p. 29
1970	Embasaurus Steel p. 31
1970	Embasaurus minax Steel p. 31
1970	Megalosaurus insignis Steel p. 34
1970	Megalosaurus lydekkeri Steel p. 35
1970	Megalosaurus pombali Steel p. 36
1970	Szechuanosaurus Steel p. 37
1970	Szechuanosaurus campi Steel p. 37
1970	Massospondylus rawesi Steel p. 49
1970	Gresslyosaurus cloacinus Steel p. 53
1970	Plateosaurus obtusus Steel p. 55
1970	Avalonianus sanfordi Steel p. 57
1970	Theropoda Swinton p. 117
1970	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Swinton p. 130
1970	Megalosaurus insignis Swinton p. 142
1970	Megalosaurus pombali Swinton p. 142
1971	Megalosaurus hungaricus Dinca et al. p. 89
1971	Theropoda Haubold p. 63
1971	Saltopoides Haubold p. 68
1971	Saltopoides igalensis Haubold p. 68
1971	Eutynichnium pombali Haubold p. 77
1971	Zanclodon silesiacus Kuhn p. 12
1971	Halticosaurus Kuhn p. 15
1971	Halticosaurus longotarsus Kuhn p. 15
1971	Theropoda Kuhn p. 15
1971	Plateosaurus cloacinus Kuhn p. 16
1972	Saltopoides Demathieu and Haubold p. 806
1972	Saltopoides igalensis Demathieu and Haubold p. 806
1972	Theropoda Ellenberger p. 152
1973	Theropoda Delair p. 1
1973	Megalosaurus insignis Delair p. 2
1974	Theropoda Bakker and Galton p. 171
1974	Theropoda Haubold p. 41
1974	Saltopoides Haubold p. 43
1974	Saltopoides igalensis Haubold p. 119
1975	Theropoda Thulborn p. 267
1976	Megalosaurus insignis Antunes p. 20
1976	Megalosaurus pombali Antunes p. 20
1977	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Taquet p. 327
1978	Halticosaurus Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1978	Theropoda Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31
1978	Szechuanosaurus Dong et al.
1978	Szechuanosaurus yandonensis Dong et al. pp. 302-304
1978	Halticosaurus Ostrom p. 115
1978	Megalosaurus cloacinus Rioult p. 26
1978	Megalosaurus insignis Rioult p. 28
1979	Theropoda Baird and Horner p. 6
1979	Theropoda Benton p. 142
1980	Szechuanosaurus campi Chao p. 87
1980	Kakuru kujani Molnar and Pledge
1980	Kakuru Molnar and Pledge pp. 281-283 figs. 1-2
1980	Theropoda Ostrom p. 21
1981	Theropoda McIntosh p. 7
1981	Kakuru kujani Olshevsky p. 34
1981	Halticosaurus Ostrom p. 193
1981	Theropoda Thurmond and Jones p. 143
1982	Theropoda McGinnis p. 28
1982	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Santafé et al. p. 83
1982	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Taquet p. 651
1983	Szechuanosaurus Dong et al.
1983	Szechuanosaurus campi Dong et al.
1983	Szechuanosaurus Zhao p. 304
1984	Megalosaurus insignis Buscalioni and Sanz p. 12
1984	Szechuanosaurus Buscalioni and Sanz p. 12
1984	Megalosaurus hungaricus Grigorescu p. 111
1984	Szechuanosaurus He p. 46
1984	Szechuanosaurus campi He p. 46 figs. 6-16, 17, 18, 19
1984	Ornithopodichnites Llompart et al. p. 146 figs. 3-5
1984	Ornithopodichnites magna Llompart et al. p. 146 figs. 3-5
1984	Orcauichnites Llompart et al. p. 147 figs. 6-7
1984	Orcauichnites garumniensis Llompart et al. p. 147 figs. 6-7
1984	Theropoda Russell p. 28
1984	Megalosaurus insignis Thulborn and Wade p. 449
1984	Saltopoides igalensis Thulborn and Wade p. 449
1984	Halticosaurus longotarsus Welles pp. 165-166
1984	Halticosaurus Welles p. 177
1985	Theropoda Bonaparte and Novas p. 260
1985	Theropoda Gauthier and Padian pp. 189-190 fig. 2
1985	Theropoda Jensen p. 711
1985	Szechuanosaurus campi Zhao p. 347
1986	Theropoda Bakker p. 472
1986	Halticosaurus Battail p. 47
1986	Theropoda Battail p. 47
1986	Orcauichnites Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafé-Llopis p. 12
1986	Orcauichnites garumniensis Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafé-Llopis p. 12
1986	Ornithopodoichnites Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafé-Llopis p. 12
1986	Ornithopodoichnites magna Casanovas-Cladellas and Santafé-Llopis p. 12
1986	Theropoda Gauthier p. 18
1986	Halticosaurus Parrish and Carpenter p. 154
1986	Theropoda Parrish and Carpenter p. 154
1986	Zhengichnus jinningensis Zhen et al. p. 11–12 fig. 9
1987	Theropoda Brinkman and Sues p. 503
1987	Theropoda Buscalioni and Sanz p. 66
1987	Orcauichnites Casanovas et al. p. 108
1987	Orcauichnites garumniensis Casanovas et al. p. 108
1987	Ornithopodichnites Casanovas et al. p. 108
1987	Ornithopodichnites magna Casanovas et al. p. 108
1987	Halticosaurus Chatterjee p. 186
1987	Ornithopodichnites Lockley p. 113
1987	Ornithopodichnites magna Lockley p. 113
1988	Embasaurus Carroll
1988	Halticosaurus Carroll
1988	Kakuru Carroll
1988	Szechuanosaurus Carroll
1988	Theropoda Carroll
1988	Walgettosuchus Carroll
1988	Theropoda Paul p. 253
1988	Megalosaurus rawesi Vianey-Liaud et al. p. 420
1989	Theropoda Gauthier et al. p. 346
1989	Massospondylus rawesi Jain p. 101
1989	Szechuanosaurus Kurzanov p. 4
1989	Massospondylus rawesi Prasad p. 167
1989	Theropoda Rowe
1990	Theropoda Benton p. 19
1990	Chilantaisaurus sibiricus Molnar et al. p. 189
1990	Szechuanosaurus Molnar et al. p. 189
1990	Szechuanosaurus campi Molnar et al. p. 189
1990	Megalosaurus cambrensis Molnar et al. p. 192
1990	Theropoda Osmolska p. 148
1990	Ornithopodichnites magna Thulborn p. 192
1992	Theropoda Carpenter p. 253
1992	Szechuanosaurus Dong p. 79
1992	Szechuanosaurus campi Dong p. 79
1992	Megalosaurus hungaricus Grigorescu p. 156
1992	Kakuru kujani Molnar p. 261
1992	Kakuru Molnar p. 265
1992	Elaphrosaurus iguidiensis Molnar p. 266
1992	Theropoda Novas p. 131
1992	Wakinosaurus Okazaki pp. 88-89 fig. 2
1992	Wakinosaurus satoi Okazaki pp. 88-89 fig. 2
1992	Orthogoniosaurus rawesi Olshevsky p. 150
1993	Theropoda Sereno et al. p. 65 fig. 2
1994	Szechuanosaurus campi Currie and Zhao p. 2038
1994	Zanclodon cambrensis Howe p. 84
1994	Wakinosaurus Matsukawa and Obata p. 112
1994	Wakinosaurus satoi Matsukawa and Obata p. 112
1994	Saltopoides Vignaud et al. p. 497
1994	Saltopoides igalensis Vignaud et al. p. 497
1995	Theropoda Long and Murry p. 171
1996	Kakuru kujani Molnar pp. 646-647
1996	Theropoda Novas p. 737 fig. 10
1997	Embasaurus minax Ryan p. 443
1997	Theropoda Sereno p. 444
1997	Megalosaurus monasterii Windolf p. 33
1998	Ozraptor Long and Molnar p. 122
1998	Ozraptor subotaii Long and Molnar pp. 122-125 figs. 2-3
1998	Theropoda Sereno p. 64
1998	Megalosaurus monasterii Windolf p. 1
1999	Szechuanosaurus Gao
1999	Theropoda Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Embasaurus Currie p. 450
2000	Embasaurus minax Currie p. 450
2000	Saltopoides igalensis Gand et al. p. 615
2000	Orcauichnites garumniensis Sanz p. 297
2000	Ornithopodichnites magna Sanz p. 297
2001	Theropoda Clarke and Chiappe p. 6
2001	Szechuanosaurus campi Dong p. 100
2001	Massospondylus rawesi Mohabey p. 481
2001	Theropoda Peng et al. p. 36
2002	Theropoda Carrano et al.
2003	Saltopoides igalensis Demathieu p. 59
2003	Theropoda Maisch and Matzke p. 282
2003	Theropoda Rauhut p. 129
2003	Saltopoides Romero Molina et al. p. 24
2003	Orcauichnites Romero Molina et al. p. 26
2003	Ornithopodichnites Romero Molina et al. p. 26
2004	Chilantaisaurus sibiricus Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 73
2004	Kakuru Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 76
2004	Kakuru kujani Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 76
2004	Ozraptor Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 77
2004	Ozraptor subotaii Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 77
2004	Theropoda Langer p. 27
2004	Theropoda Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2005	Theropoda Gao and Liu p. 313
2005	Theropoda Irmis p. 81
2005	Szechuanosaurus Peng et al.
2005	Szechuanosaurus campi Peng et al.
2005	Ozraptor Rauhut p. 104
2005	Theropoda Yates p. 118 fig. 9
2006	Theropoda Chure et al. p. 236
2006	Theropoda Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3
2006	Theropoda Langer and Benton pp. 346-348 fig. 15
2006	Ornithopodichnites magna Llompart p. 1
2006	Orcauichnites garumniensis Llompart p. 11
2006	Ozraptor subotai Scanlon p. 274
2006	Kakuru kujani Scanlon p. 276
2006	Walgettosuchus woodwardi Scanlon p. 276
2007	Ozraptor Maganuco et al. p. 268
2007	Ozraptor subotaii Maganuco et al. p. 268
2008	Theropoda Novas et al. p. 469
2009	Megalosaurus pombali Boutakiout et al. p. 42
2009	Theropoda Martínez and Alcober p. 11 fig. 10
2010	Kakuru Agnolin et al. p. 281 fig. 16
2010	Kakuru kujani Agnolin et al. p. 281 fig. 16
2010	Ornithopodichnites magna Dalla Vecchia p. 27
2010	Orcauichnites garumniensis Dalla Vecchia p. 28
2010	Theropoda Gay p. 28
2010	Theropoda Langer et al. p. 93
2010	Elaphrosaurus iguidensis Taquet p. 92
2011	Theropoda Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011	Szechuanosaurus Li et al. p. 23
2011	Szechuanosaurus campi Li et al. p. 24
2011	Theropoda Nesbitt p. 212 fig. 52
2011	Theropoda Zanno et al. p. 3
2012	Theropoda Allain et al. p. 370
2013	Ostafrikasaurus Buffetaut
2013	Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus Buffetaut p. 2 figs. 1-2
2013	Theropoda Loewen et al. p. 2
2014	Halticosaurus longotarsus Niedzwiedzki et al. p. 1136
2014	Theropoda You et al.
2015	Theropoda Lü and Brusatte
2016	Theropoda Apesteguia et al.
2016	Theropoda Azuma et al.
2016	Zhengichnus jinningensis Salisbury et al. p. 38
2017	Kakuru kujani Ezcurra and Agnolin p. 485
2017	Theropoda Longrich et al.
2017	Theropoda Rauhut and Pol
2017	Theropoda Sereno
2017	Zhengichnus jinningensis Xing et al. p. 115
2018	Theropoda Porfiri et al.
2018	Theropoda Xu et al.
2019	Theropoda Chokchaloemwong et al.
2019	Theropoda Ely and Case
2019	Saltopoides igalensis Moreau et al. p. 349
2019	Theropoda Zahner and Brinkmann
2020	Theropoda Baiano et al.
2020	Theropoda Delcourt and Iori
2020	Theropoda Lamanna et al. p. 258
2020	Theropoda Motta et al.
2020	Theropoda Poropat et al. p. 284
2020	Theropoda Poust et al.
2020	Theropoda Wang et al.
2020	Theropoda Zaher et al.
2023	Kakuru Poropat et al. p. 165
2023	Kakuru kujani Poropat et al. p. 165
2023	Ozraptor Poropat et al. p. 165
2023	Ozraptor subotaii Poropat et al. p. 165
2024	Theropoda Averianov et al. p. 1
2024	Theropoda Carrano p. 4

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. D. Cope 1869 (Goniopoda)	Proximal tarsal bones distinct from tibia ; the latter closely embraced by the much enlarged astragalus, on its inferior and anterior faces, forming an immoveable articulation. Astragalus, with an extensive anterior articular condyle below, above in contact with the fibula, which is much reduced, especially distally. Anterior part of the ilium dilated, and plate-like.
K. A. v. Zittel 1890	Zwischenkiefer bezahnt. Zähne zugespitzt, dolchförmig, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zurück gekrümmt, am vorderen oder hinteren oder an beiden Rändern gekerbt. Nasenlöcher gross, seitlich, mehr oder weniger weit nach vorn gerückt. Grosse präorbitale Durchbruchsöffnungen vor den Augenhöhlen. Wir- bel massiv oder hohl, die vorderen opisthocöl oder amphicöl. Extremitätenknochen hohl. Vorderbeine beträchtlich kürzer als die hinteren. Füsse digitigrad; Zehen (fünf bis drei) meist ungleich lang, mit spitzen, gekrümmten Klauen. Schambeine schlank, nach vorn gerichtet, distal verschmolzen, verbreitert und meist etwas nach hinten verlängert. Postpubis fehlt. Femur mit innerem Trochanter. Astragalus in der Regel mit aufsteigendem Fortsatz.
H. Gadow 1898	Pubes simple, with symphysis. Premaxilla with teeth. Carnivorous. Fore-limbs shorter than hind-limbs. Metatarsals elongated. Digitigrade.
H. Gadow 1901	Pubes simple, with symphysis. Premaxillae with teeth. Digitigrade. Carnivorous.
B. F. Nopcsa 1901	Foguk hegyzett, oldalt összelapult, töralaku: állkapocs oldali nyilással (?). A csigolyák tömörek vagy üresek; a lábszárcsontok üresek. Mellsö lábuk sokkal rövidebb, mint a hátsó, digitigrád lábak. Ujjaik többnyire egyenltlen hosszúak és hegyes, görbített karmokkal vannak ellátva. Pubis többnyire hátrafelé irányitott nyúlvánnyal. Processus pectinealis hiányzik. Femur belsó trochanterrel. (Zittkl szerint, rövidítve.) [Their teeth are pointed, flattened to the side, eroded: with an opening on the side of the jaw (?). The vertebrae are solid or hollow; the tibiae are hollow. Their front legs are much shorter than their hind, digitigrade legs. Their fingers are mostly unevenly long and have pointed, curved claws. Pubis mostly with a rearward directed protrusion. Processus pectinealis is missing. Femur with internal trochanter. (According to Zittkl, abbreviated.)]
R. S. Lull 1924	Bipedal dinosaurs, with bird-like raptorial feet, the clawed fore limbs becoming proportionately smaller as their evolution progressed; teeth laterally compressed, often serrate; pubis having foot-like expansion at symphysis in forms above the Trias, those without it being included in Huene's Pachypodosauria.
E. Perrier 1928	Comme les précédents, mais digitigrades et carnivores. Pattes terminées par des griffes recourbées; les antérieures plus courtes que les postérieures. Progression à la manière des Kanguroos. Pubis et ischions plus ou moins élargis et soudés en symphyse à leur extrémité distale. Os caverneux ou creux.
S. J. Nesbitt 2011	The most inclusive clade containing Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758, but not Saltasaurus loricatus Bonaparte and Powell, 1980

Measurements

No measurements are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Smithian to the top of the Holocene or 251.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (8174 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Smithian	251.3 - 247.2	USA (Utah)	Grallator sp., Eubrontes sp. (105542)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Morocco (Marrakech-Safi)	Atreipus sp. (199901)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt)	Theropoda indet. (138123)
Anisian	247.2 - 242.0	Poland (Opolskie)	Zanclodon silesiacus (96435)
Anisian - Ladinian	247.2 - 237.0	France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes)	Anchisauripus sp. (31310)
Anisian - Ladinian	247.2 - 237.0	France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)	Anchisauripus bibractensis (62183 68222 68906 199909 199928) Anchisauripus bibractensis, Anchisauripus sp. (62182 68226) Anchisauripus sp. (28462) Dinosauria indet. (24834)
Anisian - Ladinian	247.2 - 237.0	France (Rhône-Alpes)	Grallator sp. (199929)
Middle Triassic	247.2 - 237.0	France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté)	Anchisauripus bibractensis (28092)
Middle Triassic - Late/Upper Triassic	247.2 - 201.4	Czech Republic (Hradec Králové)	Theropoda indet. (227260)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Zimbabwe (Mashonaland West)	Theropoda indet. (220712)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	France	Grallator sp. (55316 68224)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Dinosauromorpha indet. (196738) Staurikosaurus pricei (48658)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Italy (Pisa)	Ceratosauria indet. (96712)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Germany (Thuringia)	Coelurosauria indet. (207533)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Morocco (Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz)	Coelurosauria indet. (219917)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Poland (Slaskie)	Atreipus sp., Grallator sp. (110468)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	USA (New Mexico)	Theropoda indet. (22718)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Anchisauripus milfordensis, Atreipus acadianus (55416) Halticosaurus sp. (107286)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Italy (Liguria)	Grallator sp. (68780)
Carnian	237.0 - 228.0	Morocco (Marrakech-Safi)	Dinosauria indet. (34701) Eubrontes sp. (205518 230183) Eubrontes sp., Grallatoridae indet. (205528) Grallator sp. (230179 230180 230181 230182) Grallatoridae indet. (195710 205534)