PBDB Taxon

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Vertebrata (vertebrate)

Taxonomy

Vertebrata was named by Lamarck (1801). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Donoghue and Smith (2001), Brusca et al. (2016).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Vertebrata by Haeckel (1866), Donoghue and Smith (2001), Nielsen (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Van Der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Animalia by Haeckel (1866); to Chordata by Nielsen (2012); to Olfactores by Brusca et al. (2016); to Chordata by Shoshani et al. (1989), Zrzavy et al. (1998), Dineley and Metcalf (1999), Shu et al. (1999), Donoghue and Smith (2001), Nielsen (2012), Richter et al. (2017); and to Craniata by Nelson et al. (2016), Van Der Laan (2019).

Sister taxa

Acrania, Craniota, Pachycardia

Synonyms

Mannodon was named by Ameghino (1893).

It was considered a nomen vanum by Marshall (1980).

It was assigned to Abderitesidae by Ameghino (1894).
Tidaeus was named by Ameghino (1890).

It was replaced with Mannodon by Ameghino (1894); it was considered a nomen vanum by Marshall (1980).
Ophis was named by Goldfuss (1831).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Ophis dubius was named by Goldfuss (1831).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Thoracophis was named by Troschel (1854).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).
Thoracophis rugosus was named by Troschel (1854).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Rage (1984).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1801	Vertebrata Lamarck
1831	Ophis Goldfuss
1831	Ophis dubius Goldfuss
1854	Thoracophis Troschel
1854	Thoracophis rugosus Troschel
1866	Vertebrata Haeckel p. CXVI
1890	Tidaeus Ameghino
1893	Mannodon Ameghino
1894	Mannodon Ameghino p. 84
1989	Vertebrata Shoshani et al. p. 435
1998	Vertebrata Zrzavy et al.
1999	Vertebrata Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
1999	Vertebrata Shu et al. p. 43
2001	Vertebrata Donoghue and Smith p. 18
2012	Vertebrata Nielsen p. 377
2016	Vertebrata Brusca et al.
2016	Vertebrata Nelson et al. p. 22
2017	Vertebrata Richter et al. p. 110
2019	Vertebrata Van Der Laan p. 15

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
subphylum	Vertebrata

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subph. Vertebrata Lamarck 1801 [vertebrate]

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Cl. Agnatha Cope 1889 [jawless fish]

G. †Anatolepis Brockelie and Fortey 1976

†Anatolepis heintzi Brockelie and Fortey 1976

G. †Haikouichthys Luo et al. 1999

†Haikouichthys ercaicunensis Luo et al. 1999

Unr. Hyperoartia Müller 1844

Or. Petromyzontiformes Berg 1940 [lamprey]

G. †Caeruleum Huang et al. 2024

†Caeruleum miraculum Huang 2024

G. †Euphanerops Woodward 1900

†Euphanerops longaevus Woodward 1900

Fm. Geotriidae

G. Caragola Gray 1851

G. Chilopterus Philippi 1858

G. Exomegas Burmeister 1868

G. Geotria Gray 1851

G. Macropthalmia Plate 1897

G. Neomordacia Castelnau 1872

G. Thysanochilus Philippi 1857

G. Velasia Gray 1851

G. Yarra Castelnau 1872

Fm. †Hardistiellidae Halstead 1993

G. †Hardistiella Janvier and Lund 1983

G. †Mayomyzon Bardack and Zangerl 1968

†Mayomyzon pieckoensis Bardack and Zangerl 1968

G. †Mesomyzon Chang et al. 2006

†Mesomyzon mengae Chang et al. 2006

Fm. Mordaciidae Gill 1893

G. Mordacia Gray 1851

Fm. Petromyzontidae [lamprey]

G. Agnathomyzon Gracianov 1906

G. Bathymyzon Gill 1883

G. Haploglossa Gracianov 1906

Subfm. Lampetrinae

G. Lampreda Rafinesque 1815

G. Oceanomyzon Fowler 1908

G. Okkelbergia Creaser and Hubbs 1922

Subfm. Petromyzontinae

G. Pricus Rafinesque 1815

G. Reighardina Creaser and Hubbs 1922

G. Scolecosoma Girard 1859

G. †Priscomyzon Gess et al. 2006

†Priscomyzon riniensis Gess et al. 2006

Invalid names: Hyperoartii [synonym], Mayomyzontidae Bardack and Zangerl 1971 [empty]

G. †Muzaffarabadmachli Malkani 2019

†Muzaffarabadmachli abbottabadi Malkani 2019

G. †Myllokunmingia Shu et al. 1999

†Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa Wagner 2023

G. †Pircanchaspis Erdtmann et al. 2000

†Pircanchaspis rinconensis Erdtmann et al. 2000

Or. †Pituriaspida Young 1991

G. †Neeyambaspis Young 1991

†Neeyambaspis enigmatica Young 1991

G. †Pituriaspis Young 1991

†Pituriaspis doylei Young 1991

G. †Saarolepis Robertson 1945

Invalid names: Anaspis Robertson 1941 [replaced]

Invalid names: Loganiida Turner 1991 [empty], Myllokunmingiida Shu 2003 [empty]

G. †Ammopus Lull 1915

†Ammopus marshi Lull 1915

Supercl. †Anaspidomorphi

Cl. †Anaspida Traquair

Or. Birkeniida Berg 1937

G. †Cowielepis Blom 2008

†Cowielepis ritchiei Blom 2008

Fm. †Pharyngolepididae Kiær 1924

G. †Pharyngolepis Kiaer 1911

Fm. †Birkeniidae Traquair 1899

G. †Ctenopleuron Mathew 1907

G. †Kerreralepis BLOM 2012

†Kerreralepis carinata BLOM 2012

G. †Pterygolepis Kiaer 1911

†Pterygolepis nitida Kiaer 1911

G. †Conopiscius

Or. †Jamoytiiformes

Fm. †Achanarellidae Newman and Trewin 2001

G. †Achanarella Newman 2002

Fm. †Euphaneropidae Woodward 1900

G. †Ciderius van der Brugghen 2015

G. †Cornovichthys Newman and Trewin 2001

G. †Jamoytius

†Jamoytius kerwoodi White 1946

G. †Rhyncholepis Kiaer 1911

†Rhyncholepis butriangula Blom et al. 2001

†Rhyncholepis parvula Kiaer 1911

Invalid names: Anaspidiformes [empty]

G. †Apedolepis Young 1997

†Apedolepis tomlinsonae Young 1997

G. †Artenolepis Janvier 1974

†Artenolepis golshanii Janvier 1974

Subph. Craniota

Supercl. Cyclostomata Richards

Invalid names: Hypospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Marsipobranchii [synonym], Palaeospondyli Jaekel 1911 [empty], Petromyzontes [empty]

Supercl. †Hypostomata Gadow 1898

Invalid names: Ostracodermi [synonym]

Unr. †Cyclostomi Duméril 1806

Subcl. Myxinoidea [hagfish]

G. †Tethymyxine Miyashita et al. 2019

†Tethymyxine tapirostrum Miyashita et al. 2019

G. †Squirmarius McCoy et al. 2023

†Squirmarius testai McCoy et al. 2023

G. †Eosaurus Marsh 1862

†Eosaurus acadianus Marsh 1862

Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965

Fm. †Dayongaspidae Pan and Zeng 1985

G. †Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng 1985

†Dayongaspis colubra Zhang et al. 2024

†Dayongaspis hunanensis Pan and Zeng 1985

G. †Platycaraspis Wang et al. 2002

†Platycaraspis tianshanensis Wang et al. 2002

G. †Deanaspis Lin et al. 2025

†Deanaspis longpingi Lin et al. 2025

G. †Diploholcaspis Wang et al. 2009

†Diploholcaspis daleensis Wang et al. 2009

Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980

G. †Anjiaspis Gai and Zhu 2005

†Anjiaspis ericius Shan et al. 2022

†Anjiaspis reticularis Gai and Zhu 2005

Fm. †Eugaleaspididae Liu 1980

G. †Dunyu Zhu et al. 2012

†Dunyu longiforus Zhu et al. 2012

†Dunyu tianlu Li et al. 2024

†Dunyu xiushanensis Zhu et al. 2012

Invalid names: Eugaleaspis xiushanenis Liu 1983 [replaced]

G. †Eugaleaspis Liu 1980

†Eugaleaspis changi Liu 1965

†Eugaleaspis lianhuashanensis Liu 1986

†Eugaleaspis qujingensis Cao 1985

†Eugaleaspis xujiachongensis Liu 1975

G. †Nochelaspis Zhu 1992

†Nochelaspis maeandrina Zhu 1992

†Nochelaspis maeandrine Zhu 1992

G. †Pterogonaspis Zhu 1992

†Pterogonaspis yuhaii Zhu 1992

G. †Tridensaspis Liu 1986

†Tridensaspis magnoculus Liu 1986

G. †Yunnanogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980

†Yunnanogaleaspis major Pan and Wang 1980

G. †Meishanaspis Wang 1991

†Meishanaspis lehmani Wang 1991

G. †Shuyu Gai et al. 2011

†Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al. 2011

Invalid names: Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis Pan 1986 [replaced]

Fm. †Shuyuidae Shan 2020

G. †Jiangxialepis Liu et al. 2021

†Jiangxialepis jiujiangensis Shan et al. 2023

†Jiangxialepis retrospina Liu et al. 2021

†Jiangxialepis rongi Liu et al. 2023

G. †Qingshuiaspis Shan et al. 2022

†Qingshuiaspis junqingi Shan et al. 2022

G. †Rumporostralis Shan et al. 2020

†Rumporostralis shipanensis Shan et al. 2020

†Rumporostralis xikengensis Shan et al. 2020

G. †Sinogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980

†Sinogaleaspis shankouensis Pan and Wang 1980

†Sinogaleaspis xikengensis Pan and Wang 1980

Fm. †Tridensaspidae Liu 1986

G. †Falxcornus Meng and Gai 2022

†Falxcornus liui Meng and Gai 2022

Fm. †Tujiaaspidae Chen et al. 2024

G. †Miaojiaaspis Chen et al. 2024

†Miaojiaaspis dichotomus Chen et al. 2024

G. †Tujiaaspis Gai et al. 2022

†Tujiaaspis vividus Gai et al. 2022

G. †Xitunaspis Sun et al. 2022

†Xitunaspis magnus Sun et al. 2022

Fm. †Yongdongaspididae Chen et al. 2022

G. †Yongdongaspis Chen et al. 2022

†Yongdongaspis littoralis Chen et al. 2022

Fm. †Hanyangaspidae Pan and Liu 1975

G. †Hanyangaspis Pan and Liu 1975

†Hanyangaspis chaohuensis Wang et al. 1980

†Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis Pan and Liu 1975

G. †Hongshanaspis Liu et al. 2021

†Hongshanaspis inexpectatus Liu et al. 2021

G. †Kalpinolepis Wang et al. 1996

†Kalpinolepis tarimensis Wang et al. 1996

G. †Konoceraspis Pan 1992

†Konoceraspis grandoculus Pan 1992

G. †Nanjiangaspis Wang et al. 2002

†Nanjiangaspis kalpinensis Wang et al. 2002

G. †Hyperaspis Pan 1992

†Hyperaspis acclivis Pan 1992

G. †Microphymaspis Wang et al. 2002

†Microphymaspis pani Wang et al. 2002

Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007

Fm. †Geraspididae Pan and Chen 1993

G. †Geraspis Pan and Chen 1993

†Geraspis rara Pan and Chen 1993

G. †Kwangnanaspis Cao 1979

†Kwangnanaspis subtriangularis Cao 1979

Or. †Huananaspiformes Janvier 1975

Fm. †Gantarostrataspidae Wang and Wang 1992

G. †Gantarostrataspis Wang and Wang 1992

G. †Qushiaspis Jiang et al. 2021

G. †Rhegmaspis Gai et al. 2015

G. †Wumengshanaspis Wang and Lan 1984

Fm. †Huananaspidae Liu 1973

G. †Asiaspis Pan 1975

G. †Huananaspis Liu 1975

Subfm. †Macrothyraspinae Pan 1992

G. †Nanpanaspis Liu 1965

G. †Stephaspis Gai and Zhu 2007

Fm. †Sanchaspididae Pan and Wang 1981

G. †Antiquisagittaspis Liu 1985

G. †Sanchaspis Pan and Wang 1981

Fm. †Sanqiaspidae Liu 1975

G. †Sanqiaspis Liu 1975

Or. †Polybranchiaspidiformes Liu 1965

Fm. †Duyunolepididae Pan and Wang 1978

G. †Duyunolepis Pan and Wang 1982

G. †Foxaspis Gai et al. 2023

G. †Lopadaspis Wang et al. 2001

G. †Neoduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978

G. †Paraduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978

Fm. †Gumuaspidae Gai et al. 2018

G. †Gumuaspis Wang and Wang 1992

G. †Nanningaspis Gai et al. 2018

G. †Platylomaspis Gai et al. 2018

G. †Pseudolaxaspis Gai et al. 2018

Fm. †Pentathyraspididae Pan 1992

G. †Microhoplonaspis Pan 1992

G. †Pentathyraspis Pan 1992

Fm. †Polybranchiaspididae Liu 1965

G. †Altigibbaspis Yu-Hai et al. 2018

G. †Bannhuanaspis Janvier et al. 1993

G. †Clororbis Pan and Ji 1993

G. †Cyclodiscaspis Liu 1975

G. †Damaspis Wang and Wang 1982

G. †Diandongaspis Liu 1975

G. †Dongfangaspis Liu 1975

G. †Laxaspis Liu 1975

G. †Polybranchiaspis Liu 1965

G. †Siyingia Wang and Wang 1982

Fm. †Zhaotongaspididae Wang and Zhu 1994

G. †Wenshanaspis Zhao et al. 2002

†Wenshanaspis zhichangensis Zhao et al. 2002

G. †Zhaotongaspis Wang and Zhu 1994

†Zhaotongaspis janvieri Wang and Zhu 1994

G. †Pseudoduyunaspis Wang et al. 1996

†Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis Wang et al. 1996

Fm. †Xiushuiaspidae Pan and Wang 1983

G. †Changxingaspis Wang 1991

†Changxingaspis gui Wang 1991

†Changxingaspis nianzhongi Li et al. 2024

G. †Xiushuiaspis Pan and Wang 1983

†Xiushuiaspis ganbeiensis Pan and Wang 1983

†Xiushuiaspis jiangxiensis Pan and Wang 1983

G. †Xiyuichthys Shan et al. 2023

†Xiyuichthys lixiensis Shan et al. 2023

†Xiyuichthys zhangi Shan et al. 2023

Invalid names: Xiyuaspis zhangi Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]

Invalid names: Xiyuaspis Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]

Supercl. Gnathostomata Gegenbauer 1874 [jawed fish]

Cl. Chondrichthyes Huxley 1880 [cartilaginous fish]

Subcl. †Acanthodii Owen 1846 [spiny fish]

Or. †Acanthodiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Acanthodidae Huxley 1861

Fm. †Howittacanthidae Zajıc 1995

Fm. †Mesacanthidae

G. †Mesacanthus Traquair 1888

Invalid names: Cheiracanthidae [empty]

G. †Antarctonchus White 1968

†Antarctonchus glacialis White 1968

G. †Archaeacanthus Kade 1858

†Archaeacanthus quadrisulcatus Kade 1858

G. †Byssacanthoides Woodward 1921

†Byssacanthoides debenhami Woodward 1921

G. †Campylodus Rohon 1893

†Campylodus delgadoi Priem 1911

†Campylodus sigmoides Rohon 1893

Or. †Climatiiformes Berg 1940

G. †Cassidiceps Gagnier and Wilson 1996

Fm. †Climatiidae Berg 1940

Fm. †Culmacanthidae Long 1983

Fm. †Gyracanthidae Woodward 1906

G. †Hanilepis Wang and Dong 1989

G. †Kathemacanthus Gagnier and Wilson 1996

G. †Pruemolepis Vieth-Schreiner 1983

Invalid names: Brochoadmonidae [empty]

Or. †Diplacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Bryantonchus Burrow 2007

G. †Devononchus Gross 1940

Fm. †Diplacanthidae Woodward 1891

Invalid names: Gladiobranchidae [empty]

G. †Eupleurogmus M'Coy 1890

†Eupleurogmus cresswelli M'Coy 1890

Fm. †Euthacanthidae Berg 1940

G. †Euthacanthus Powrie 1864

G. †Gemuendolepis Gross 1973

†Gemuendolepis muelleri Gross 1973

G. †Haplacanthus Agassiz 1845

†Haplacanthus ehrmanensis Gross 1940

†Haplacanthus marginalis Agassiz 1845

†Haplacanthus perseensis Gross 1942

G. †Homacanthus Agassiz 1845

†Homacanthus acinaciformis Eastman 1903

†Homacanthus arcuatus Agassiz 1844

†Homacanthus delicatulus Eastman 1903

†Homacanthus elegans Davis 1879

†Homacanthus gracilis Whiteaves 1889

†Homacanthus jaekeli Gross 1933

†Homacanthus macrodus M'Coy 1848

†Homacanthus microdus M'Coy 1848

†Homacanthus parvulus Newverry 1875

†Homacanthus sveteensis Gross 1942

Or. †Ischnacanthida Berg 1940

G. †Atopacanthus Hussakof and Bryant 1918

G. †Poracanthodes Brotzen 1934

Or. †Ischnacanthiformes Berg 1940

G. †Acanthospina Valiukevicius 2003

Fm. †Acritolepidae Valiukevicius and Burrow 2005

Fm. †Ischnacanthidae Woodward 1891

G. †Ischnacanthus Powrie 1864

G. †Podoliacanthus Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012

Fm. †Poracanthodidae

G. †Serradentus Newman et al. 2019

G. †Xylacanthus Orvig 1967

G. †Latviacanthus Schultze and Zidek 1982

†Latviacanthus ventspilsensis Schultze and Zidek 1982

G. †Lupopsyroides Hanke and Wilson 2004

†Lupopsyroides macracanthus Hanke and Wilson 2004

G. †Lupopsyrus Bernacsek and Dineley 1977

†Lupopsyrus pygmaeus Bernascek and Dineley 1977

Fm. †Machaeracanthidae Burrow and Young 2005

G. †Machaeracanthus Newberry 1857

G. †Monopleurodus Pander 1856

†Monopleurodus ohhesaarensis Pander 1856

G. †Neoasiacanthus Wang et al. 1980

G. †Nodacosta Gross 1940

†Nodacosta gemuendensis Gross 1933

†Nodacosta pauli Gross 1940

†Nodocosta denisoni Burrow 2007

G. †Nodonchus White 1961

†Nodonchus bambusifer White 1961

G. †Onchus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus arcuatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus besomensis White 1961

†Onchus clintoni Claypole 1885

†Onchus granulatus Roemer 1885

†Onchus graptolitarum Fritsch 1907

†Onchus hamatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus latus Leriche 1931

†Onchus major Etheridge 1872

†Onchus murchisoni Agassiz 1837

†Onchus overathensis Gross 1937

†Onchus penetrans Bryant 1932

†Onchus pennsylvanicus Claypole 1885

†Onchus rarus Liepin'sh 1959

†Onchus rectus Eastman 1899

†Onchus semistriatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus siluricus Fritsch 1907

†Onchus sublaevis Agassiz 1845

†Onchus tenuistriatus Agassiz 1837

†Onchus verus Schmidt 1954

†Onchus wheathillensis White 1961

G. †Parexus Agassiz 1844

†Parexus falcatus Powrie 1870

†Parexus incurvus Agassiz 1845

†Parexus recurvus Agassiz 1844

G. †Paucicanthus Hanke 2002

†Paucicanthus vanelsti Hanke 2002

G. †Pinnacanthus Bryant 1934

†Pinnacanthus inequistriatus Bryant 1934

G. †Promesacanthus Hanke 2008

†Promesacanthus eppleri Hanke 2008

G. †Ptychodictyon Gross 1973

†Ptychodictyon americanum Burrow 2007

†Ptychodictyon rimosum Gross 1973

†Ptychodictyon sulcatum Gross 1973

G. †Seretolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Striacanthus Hills 1931

†Striacanthus sicaeformis Hills 1931

G. †Tetanopsyrus Gagnier et al. 1999

†Tetanopsyrus breviacanthias Hanke et al. 2001

†Tetanopsyrus lindoei Gagnier et al. 1999

Fm. †Vesperaliidae Valiukevicius and Burrow 2005

G. †Acanthacanthus Valiukevicius 2003

G. †Yealepis Burrow and Young 1999

Invalid names: Acanthodi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Acanthodida Berg 1940 [empty], Climatiida Berg 1940 [empty], Diplacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Or. †Bradyodontida Woodward 1921

Subor. †Chimaerina Zangerl 1981

Invalid names: Deltodontidae Zangerl 1981 [empty]

G. †Jimpohlia Zangerl 1979

†Jimpohlia erinacea Zangerl 1979

Infracl. †Cladoselachimorpha

Or. †Cladoselachiformes

Fm. †Cladoselachidae Dean 1894

G. †Doliodus Traquair 1893

†Doliodus latispinosus Traquair 1893

G. †Duplisuggestus Johns 1997

†Duplisuggestus duplirugosus Johns 1997

†Duplisuggestus profundisulcus Johns 1997

Subcl. Elasmobranchii Bonaparte 1838 [elasmobranch]

G. †Amelacanthus Maisey 1982

†Amelacanthus laevis Davis 1883

†Amelacanthus plicatus Davis 1883

†Amelacanthus pustulatus Davis 1883

†Amelacanthus sulcatus Agassiz 1837

G. †Annulicorona Chen and Cuny 2003

†Annulicorona pyramidalis Chen and Cuny 2003

Or. †Antarctilamniformes Ginter et al. 2008

Fm. †Antarctilamnidae Ginter et al. 2008

Fm. †Coronodontidae Harris 1951

G. †Aporomicrodus Fowler 1958

Aporomicrodus laevis Emmons 1857

Invalid names: Microdus Emmons 1857 [replaced]

G. †Arduodens Hairapetian and Ginter 2009

G. †Carcharopsis Agassiz 1843

†Carcharopsis prototypus Agassiz 1843

†Carcharopsis wortheni Newberry and Worthen 1866

Invalid names: Dicrenodus texanus Eastman 1917 [synonym]

G. †Carinasubcorona Johns 1997

†Carinasubcorona bamaolinense Chen 2002

†Carinasubcorona subradiciplana Johns 1997

G. †Celtiberina Wang 1993

Fm. Cestraciontidae Bonaparte 1838 [bullhead shark]

G. †Diclitodus Davis 1883

G. †Scoliorhiza Raymond 1925

G. †Changxingselache Wang et al. 2007

†Changxingselache wangi Wang et al. 2007

Superor. †Cladodontomorphi Ginter et al. 2010

Fm. †Jalodontidae Ginter et al. 2002

Or. †Squatinactiformes Zangerl 1981

Or. †Symmoriiformes Zangerl 1981

Or. †Cladoselachida Dean 1909

G. †Iberolepis Mader 1986

G. †Lunalepis Mader 1986

G. †Complanicorona Johns 1997

†Complanicorona glabra Johns 1997

†Complanicorona rugosimargines Johns 1997

†Complanicorona subrugosa Johns 1997

G. †Coniunctio Johns 1997

†Coniunctio aequirugosa Johns 1997

†Coniunctio multirugosa Johns 1997

G. †Eunemacanthus StJohn and Worhten 1883

†Eunemacanthus costatus Newberry and Worthen 1866

†Eunemacanthus heterogyrus McCoy 1855

Invalid names: Ctenacanthus heterogyrus Agassiz 1837 [objective synonym]

†Eunemacanthus keytei Branson 1916

†Eunemacanthus venator Khabakob 1928

Unr. Euselachiformes Maisey 1975

Or. Batoidei

Infracl. Euselachii Hay 1902

G. †Acronemus Rieppel 1982

G. †Artiodus Ivanov and Duffin 2017

G. †Cheirostephanus Casier 1958

Or. †Ctenacanthiformes Cappetta 1988

G. †Favusodus Li et al. 2022

Subor. †Galei

Unr. Galeoidei

G. †Hueneichthys Reif 1977

Or. †Hybodontiformes Patterson 1966

Unr. Neoselachii Compagno 1977

Superfm. †Protacrodontoidea Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Sphenacanthidae Maisey 1982

G. †Surcaudalus Leu 1989

G. †Tuberospina Lebedev 1995

Invalid names: Dasyatiformes [empty], Hybodonta [empty], Musteliformes [empty], Notidaniformes [empty], Protacrodontiformes [empty], Scyliorhiniformes [empty], Squatinoidei Berg 1940 [empty], Squatinorajiformes [empty], Synechodontidae Casier 1947 [empty]

G. †Fragilicorona Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona brevirostrum Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona labribrevirostrum Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona labricuspis Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona labritricuspis Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona paralabritricuspis Chen 2002

†Fragilicorona tricuspis Johns 1997

†Fragilicorona unicuspis Johns 1997

Or. Galeiformes

Invalid names: Isuroidei Garman 1913 [empty]

G. †Glabrisubcorona Johns 1997

†Glabrisubcorona arduidevexa Johns 1997

†Glabrisubcorona tendibasis Johns 1997

†Glabrisubcorona vadosidevexa Johns 1997

G. †Gondwanodus Daymond 1999

†Gondwanodus irwinensis Daymond 1999

Unr. †Ichthyodorulites Buckland

G. †Cyrtacanthus Newberry 1873

G. †Gampsacanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875

G. †Lecracanthus Saint John and Worthen 1875

G. †Marracanthus St. John and Worthen 1875

G. †Phlyctaenacanthus Eastman 1898

Fm. †Kannathalepididae Marss and Gagnier 2001

G. †Kannathalepis Marss and Gagnier 2001

G. †Labascicorona Johns 1997

†Labascicorona alata Johns 1997

†Labascicorona longifossae Johns 1997

†Labascicorona mediflexura Johns 1997

†Labascicorona nitidifastigia Johns 1997

†Labascicorona trifastigia Johns 1997

G. †Labrilancea Johns 1997

†Labrilancea glabrisubcuspis Johns 1997

†Labrilancea glabrisubtricuspis Johns 1997

G. †Leonodus Mader 1986

G. †Lesnilomia Ginter 2008

Fm. †Listracanthidae Martill et al. 2014

G. †Acanthorhachis Martill et al. 2014

G. †Listracanthus Newberry and Worthen 1870

G. †Lobaticorona Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona floridibasis Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona floriditabella Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona floriditurris Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona tumidibasis Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona tumiditabella Johns 1997

†Lobaticorona tumiditurris Johns 1997

G. †Meishanselache Wang et al. 2007

†Meishanselache liui Wang et al. 2007

G. †Minuticorona Johns 1997

†Minuticorona triculmina Johns 1997

†Minuticorona uniculmen Johns 1997

Or. †Omalodontiformes Turner 1997

Fm. †Aztecodontidae Hairapetian et al. 2008

Fm. †Omalodontidae Ginter et al. 2008

G. †Siberiodus Ivanov and Rodina 2004

G. †Oniscina Goldenberg 1873

†Oniscina ornata Goldenberg 1873

Invalid names: Arthropleura ornata Goldenberg 1873 [synonym]

G. †Ornathiliabrilance Johns 1997

G. †Ornatilabrilancea Johns 1997

†Ornatilabrilancea circacarina Johns 1997

†Ornatilabrilancea solicarina Johns 1997

Infracl. Osteodonti

Superor. Lamnae

G. †Parvicorona Chen and Cuny 2003

†Parvicorona dacrysulca Chen and Cuny 2003

G. †Parvidiabolus Johns 1997

†Parvidiabolus acutus Johns 1997

†Parvidiabolus convexus Johns 1997

†Parvidiabolus longisulcus Johns 1997

†Parvidiabolus obliquus Johns 1997

G. †Parviscapha Johns 1997

†Parviscapha trivela Johns 1997

†Parviscapha univelum Johns 1997

Or. †Phoebodontiformes Ginter et al. 2002

G. †Jalodus Ginter 1999

Fm. †Phoebodontidae Williams 1985

G. †Physonemus Agassiz 1843

†Physonemus arcuatus McCoy 1848

†Physonemus asper Leidy 1859

†Physonemus carinatus Saint John and Worthen 1875

†Physonemus gemmatus Newberry and Worthen 1866

†Physonemus gigas Newberry and Worthen 1870

†Physonemus gigii Branson 1916

†Physonemus hamuspiscatorius Eastman 1903

†Physonemus mirabilis St John and Worthen 1875

†Physonemus pandatus Eastman 1903

†Physonemus stellatus Newberry 1889

†Physonemus striatus Moore 1929

†Physonemus subteres Agassiz 1843

Invalid names: Batacanthus St John and Worthen 1870 [synonym], Drepanacanthus Newberry and Worthen 1866 [synonym], Gnathacanthus Davis 1883 [synonym], Xystracanthus Leidy 1859 [synonym]

Or. †Plagiostomi Cuvier

Fm. Carcharidae

G. †Narcopterus Agassiz 1835

Invalid names: Eulamiidae [empty], Hexeptranchidae [empty], Raiae [empty]

G. †Platylithophycus Johnson and Howell 1948

†Platylithophycus cretaceus Johnson and Howell 1948

Fm. †Protodontidae Woodward 1932

G. †Dendrodus Owen 1841

G. †Protodus Woodward 1892

G. †Stigmodus Brotzen 1934

G. †Raineria Osswald 1928

†Raineria osswaldi Cappetta 1987

G. †Rosaodus Li et al. 2022

†Rosaodus xingyiensis Li et al. 2022

G. †Rugosicorona Johns 1997

†Rugosicorona devexa Johns 1997

G. †Sacrisubcorona Johns 1997

†Sacrisubcorona circabasis Johns et al. 1997

†Sacrisubcorona submedicarina Johns 1997

Subcl. Selachii [shark]

Or. †Acanthodei Gunnell 1933

Or. †Cestraciontes

Or. †Ichthyotomi Cope

Or. †Polyspondyli Jordan 1963

Invalid names: Pleuropterygii [empty], Selachophidichthyoidei [empty]

G. †Serratocorona Chen 2002

†Serratocorona halberdiforme Chen 2002

G. †Siamodus

G. †Suaviloquentia Johns 1997

†Suaviloquentia brevilingua Johns 1997

†Suaviloquentia longilingua Johns 1997

†Suaviloquentia obliquilingua Johns 1997

Fm. †Thrinacodontidae Grogan and Lund 2008

G. †Thrinacoselache Grogan and Lund 2008

G. †Undulaticorona Johns 1997

†Undulaticorona profundifossae Johns 1997

†Undulaticorona propensa Johns 1997

Or. †Xenacanthida Glikmann 1964

G. †Anodontacanthus Davis 1881

Fm. †Orthacanthidae Heyler and Poplin 1989

Infracl. †Xenacanthimorpha

Or. †Bransonelliformes Hampe and Ivanov 2007

Or. †Xenacanthiformes Berg 1955

Invalid names: Cladodontomorphii Obruchev 1967 [empty], Cladodus hassiacus Gross 1937 [nomen dubium], Cladodus wildungensis Jaekel 1921 [nomen dubium], Cladoselachii Dean 1894 [empty], Coronodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Orodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Pleuracanthidae Woodward [empty], Pleuracanthodii [empty], Pristiorajea Cicimurri 2007 [empty], Proselachii Gadow 1898 [empty], Selachimorpha Nelson 1984 [empty]

G. †Elegestolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1973

G. †Eucentrurus Traquair 1901

G. †Fasciodus Henry 1876

†Fasciodus pectinatus Henry 1876

G. †Geisacanthus St John and Worthen 1875

G. †Gladbachus Heidtke and Kratschmer 2001

†Gladbachus adentatus Heidtke and Kratschmer 2001

G. †Gogoselachus Long et al. 2015

†Gogoselachus lynnbeazleyae Long et al. 2015

G. †Gracilisuggestus Johns 1997

†Gracilisuggestus triapices Johns 1997

†Gracilisuggestus uniapex Johns 1997

Subcl. Holocephali Bonaparte 1832 [chimaera]

Or. †Debeeriiformes

Fm. †Debeeriidae Grogan and Lund 2000

G. †Delphyodontos Lund 1980

†Delphyodontos dacriformes Lund 1980

G. †Edaphodus Egerton 1836

Invalid names: Passalodon Buckland 1838 [synonym]

Or. †Eugeneodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Superfm. †Caseodontoidea Zangerl 1981

Superfm. †Edestoidea Hay 1930

Fm. †Helicampodontidae Itano and Lebedev 2023

Fm. †Helicoprionidae Karpinsky 1911

Invalid names: Agassizodontidae Zangerl 1981 [synonym]

G. †Pseudodontichthys

Invalid names: Campyloprion Eastman 1902 [nomen dubium], Campyloprion annectans Eastman 1902 [nomen dubium], Edistidae Jaekel 1899 [empty]

Or. †Helodontiformes

Fm. †Helodontidae

Superor. †Holocephalomorpha Lund 1986

Or. Chimaeriformes Obruchev 1953 [chimaera]

Or. †Chondrenchelyiformes Moy-Thomas 1939

Or. †Cochliodontiformes Obruchev 1953

Or. †Copodontiformes Obruchev 1953

Or. †Menaspiformes

Or. †Psammodontiformes Obruchev 1953

Or. †Squalorajiformes Patterson 1965

G. †Macrodontacanthus Romer 1942

†Macrodontacanthus kingi Romer 1942

G. †Menaspacanthus Patterson 1965

Or. †Orodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Leiodontidae Ginter et al. 2010

Fm. †Orodontidae de Koninck 1878

Or. †Petalodontiformes Zangerl 1981

Fm. †Belantseidae Lund 1989

Fm. †Janassidae Jaekel 1899

G. †Paracymatodus

Fm. †Petalodontidae Newberry and Worthen 1866

Fm. †Pristodontidae Woodward 1889

Invalid names: Peripristidae Eastman 1902 [synonym]

G. †Serratodus

G. †Thoralodus

Invalid names: Bradyodonti Arambourg and Bertin 1958 [synonym], Chimaeri Jaekel 1911 [empty], Debeeriformes [empty], Euchondrocephali Lund and Grogan 1997 [synonym], Iniopterygiformes Zangerl and Case 1973 [empty], Paraselachiamorpha Lund 1977 [empty], Paraselachimorpha Lund 1977 [invalid subgroup], Trachyacanthi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Infracl. †Holocephalimorpha Lund 1986

G. †Harpacanthus Traquair 1886

†Harpacanthus fimbriatus Traquair 1886

Invalid names: Harpacanthidae Lund and Grogan 1997 [empty]

Or. †Iniopterygia Zangerl and Case 1973

Fm. †Iniopterygidae Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Cervifurca Zangerl 1997

G. †Iniopteryx

G. †Papilionichthys Grogan and Lund 2009

G. †Promexyele Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Rainerichthys Grogan and Lund 2009

G. †Inioxyle

Fm. †Sibyrhynchidae Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Iniopera Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Inioxyele Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Sibyrhynchus Zangerl and Case 1973

G. †Leonotus

G. †Machichnus Mikulas et al. 2006

†Machichnus bohemicus Mikulas et al. 2006

Or. †Mongolepidida Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990

Fm. †Mongolepididae Karatujute-Talimaa et al. 1990

G. †Mongolepis Karatajute-Talimaa et al. 1990

G. †Rongolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Taklamakanolepis Andreev et al. 2020

Fm. †Shiqianolepidae Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Chenolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Shiqianolepis Sansom et al. 2000

G. †Tielikewatielepis Andreev et al. 2020

G. †Xiaohaizilepis Andreev et al. 2020

G. †Xinjiangichthys Wang et al. 1998

G. †Obtusacanthus Hanke and Wilson 2004

†Obtusacanthus corroconis Hanke and Wilson 2004

G. †Plesioselachus Anderson et al. 1999

†Plesioselachus macracanthus Anderson 1990

G. †Proprigalea Johns 1997

†Proprigalea languidula Johns 1997

†Proprigalea mediglabra Johns 1997

†Proprigalea medirugosa Johns 1997

G. †Ptomacanthus Miles 1973

†Ptomacanthus anglicus Miles 1973

Fm. †Pucapampellidae Maisey et al. 2018

G. †Gydoselache Maisey et al. 2018

†Gydoselache oosthuizeni Maisey et al. 2018

G. †Pucapampella Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Pucapampella rodrigae Janvier and Riglos 1986

G. †Pucapumpella Maisey and Anderson 2001

G. †Qianodus Andreev et al. 2022

†Qianodus duplicis Andreev et al. 2022

G. †Shenacanthus Zhu et al. 2022

†Shenacanthus vermiformis Zhu et al. 2022

G. †Simmorius

Or. †Sinacanthida Andreev et al. 2020

Fm. †Sinacanthidae Min 1998

G. †Neosinacanthus P'an and Liu 1975

G. †Sinacanthus P'an Kiang 1959

G. †Tarimacanthus Min 1998

G. †Thaumatacanthus Waagen 1880

†Thaumatacanthus blanfordi Waagen 1880

G. †Yuanolepis Andreev et al. 2020

†Yuanolepis bachunensis Andreev et al. 2020

Invalid names: Clamydoselachidae [empty], Ctenacanthimorpha [empty], Ctenoptychius ordii Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Desmiodontida Zangerl 1981 [empty], Kathemacanthidae [empty], Polymerolepidiformes [empty], Rhinobatiformes Müller and Henle 1837 [empty], Subterbranchialia Zangerl 1979 [empty]

Unr. †Eugnathostomata

Unr. Teleostomi Bonaparte 1836

Or. Crossopterygii Huxley 1861

Or. Coelacanthini

Or. †Cyclolepidi Jaekel 1911

Fm. †Osteolepidae

Fm. †Saurodipterini Huxley 1861

Invalid names: Amii Jaekel 1911 [empty], Belonorhynchi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Belonostomi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Coelacanthini [empty], Eugnathi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Haplistia Cope 1870 [empty], Heterocerci Jaekel 1911 [empty], Lepidostei Huxley [empty], Platysomi Traquair [empty], Polypterini Bonaparte 1837 [empty], Taxistia Cope 1887 [empty]

Fm. †Lepidopidae

G. †Paraleucolepidopa Calado 1996

Unr. Malacopterygii

Invalid names: Elopsidae [empty]

Invalid names: Podopterygia Cope 1887 [empty], Rhipidopterygia Cope 1887 [empty]

Invalid names: Chondrichthyomorphi [empty]

G. †Janusiscus Giles et al. 2015

†Janusiscus schultzei Giles et al. 2015

G. †Minjinia Brazeau et al. 2020

†Minjinia turgenensis Brazeau et al. 2020

Unr. Osteichthyes Huxley 1880 [bony fish]

Supercl. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

Cl. Actinopteri Cope 1871

G. †Anaglyphus Rzehak 1881

G. †Angatubichthys De Figueriredo and Carvalho 2004

G. †Bethesdaichthys Bender 2001

G. †Blourugia Bender 2006

G. †Frederichthys Coates 1993

G. †Kompasia Bender 2002

G. †Lanarkichthys Elliott 2018

G. †Limnomis Daeschler 2000

G. †Melanecta Coates 1998

Or. †Merospondyli Cope 1887

G. †Moythomasia Gross 1950

Invalid names: Aldingeria Gross 1942 [replaced]

Subcl. Neopterygii Regan 1923

G. †Pseudohaplolepis Elliott 2018

Fm. †Tarrasiidae

G. †Westlepis Bender 2004

G. †Woodichthys Coates 1998

Invalid names: Docopteri Cope 1877 [empty], Lysopteri Cope 1880 [empty], Mesichthyes Hay 1902 [empty], Palaeophoxinus Coates 1988 [nomen nudum], Phthinobranchii Hay 1902 [empty], Plectospondyli Cope 1872 [empty]

Or. †Aeduelliformes Heyler 1969

Fm. †Aeduellidae Romer 1945

Fm. †Aesopichthyidae Poplin and Lund 2000

G. †Aesopichthys Poplin and Lund 2000

G. †Proceramala Poplin and Lund 2000

Subor. †Aetheospondyli Woodward 1895

Fm. Lepisosteidae Cuvier 1825

G. †Aetheretmon White 1927

†Aetheretmon valentiacum White 1927

G. †Aethocephalichthys Fielitz et al. 1999

†Aethocephalichthys hyainarhinos Fielitz et al. 1999

G. †Akanolepis Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981

†Akanolepis allae Minich 1998

†Akanolepis decernans Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

G. †Ameghinichthys Arratia et al. 2004

†Ameghinichthys antarticus Arratia et al. 2004

G. †Anapterus Sauvage 1873

†Anapterus elongatus Sauvage 1870

†Anapterus megistosoma Sauvage 1870

†Anapterus siculus Sauvage 1873

G. †Aneurolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1941

†Aneurolepis macroptera Bellotti 1857

Invalid names: Urolepis elongatus Bellotti 1857 [synonym], Urolepis microlepidota Bellotti 1857 [synonym]

Invalid names: Urolepis Bellotti 1857 [replaced]

Or. †Asarotiformes Schaeffer 1968

Fm. †Asarotidae Schaeffer 1968

G. †Atkinsonella Jordan and Gilbert 1920

†Atkinsonella strigilis Jordan and Gilbert 1920

G. †Australichthys Gardiner 1969

†Australichthys longidorsalis Gardiner 1969

G. †Avamia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Avamia malovetskajae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Avonichthys Wilson et al. 2018

†Avonichthys manskyi Wilson et al. 2018

G. †Baoqingichthys Wang et al. 2007

†Baoqingichthys microdontus Wang et al. 2007

G. †Beagiascus Mickle et al. 2009

†Beagiascus pulcherrimus Mickle et al. 2009

G. †Bishofia Kazantseva 1968

†Bishofia lucida Kazantseva 1968

G. †Bluefieldius Mickle 2018

†Bluefieldius mercerensis Mickle 2018

G. †Burguklia Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Burguklia gdali Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

†Burguklia minichorum Bakaev and Kogan 2020

Fm. †Charleuxiidae Heyler 2000

G. †Charleuxia Heyler 1969

Fm. †Chichiidae Liu and Wang 1978

G. †Chichia Liu and Wang 1978

G. †Chirothrix Zittel 1888

†Chirothrix lewisi Davis 1887

Cl. Cladistia Cope 1870

Or. Polypteriformes

Invalid names: Calamoichthyidae [empty]

G. †Cuneognathus Friedman and Blom 2006

†Cuneognathus gardineri Friedman and Blom 2006

G. †Diplospondichthys Filleul and Dutheil 2004

†Diplospondichthys moreaui Filleul and Dutheil 2004

Fm. †Discordichthyidae Minikh 1998

G. †Discordichthys Minich 1998

G. †Geryonichthys Minikh 1998

G. †Mamulichthys Minikh 2014

G. †Mutovinia Minikh 1992

G. †Echidnocephalus von der Marck 1858

†Echidnocephalus tenuicaudus von der Marck 1858

†Echidnocephalus troscheli von der Marck 1858

G. Engraulis Cuvier 1817

Engraulis australis White 1790

Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus 1758

†Engraulis mordax Girard 1845

Subor. †Eurekichthyoidei Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Eurekichthyidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

Or. †Eurynotiformes Sallan and Coates 2013

Fm. †Amphicentridae Young 1866

Fm. †Styracopteridae Moy-Thomas 1937

G. †Eurypoma Huxley 1866

G. †Exocoetoides Davis 1887

†Exocoetoides minor Davis 1887

†Exocoetoides tenuis Davis 1887

Or. †Fubarichthyiformes Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Fubarichthyidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Guaymayenia Rusconi 1887

†Guaymayenia paramillensis Rusconi 1946

†Guaymayenia paramillisensis Rusconi 1946

G. †Guntherichthys Mickle 2011

†Guntherichthys lehiensis Mickle 2011

Fm. †Gyrolepidotidae Gardiner 1967

G. †Gyrolepidotus Rohon 1899

G. †Histiothrissa Woodward 1901

†Histiothrissa crassapinna Davis 1887

†Histiothrissa macrodactyla von der Marck 1858

G. †Holuropsis Berg 1947

†Holuropsis yavorskyi Berg 1947

Or. †Isospondyli Cope 1887

Fm. †Oligopleuridae

G. †Proballostomus Cope 1891

Subor. Salmonoidea

Invalid names: Notopteroidei [empty], Pholidophoroidei [empty], Sauropsidae Cope 1877 [empty], Scyphophori [empty], Stomiatioidei [empty]

G. †Kalops Poplin and Lund 2002

†Kalops diophrys Poplin and Lund 2002

†Kalops monophrys Poplin and Lund 2002

G. †Kansasiella Poplin 1974

†Kansasiella eatoni Poplin 1974

Fm. †Kenderlichthyidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

G. †Kenderlichthys Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

G. †Kutaichthys Esin and Bakaev 2022

†Kutaichthys dozmerensis Esin and Bakaev 2022

†Kutaichthys gubini Esin and Bakaev 2022

G. †Lineagruan Mickle et al. 2009

†Lineagruan judithi Mickle et al. 2009

†Lineagruan snowyi Mickle et al. 2009

G. Mallotus Cuvier 1829

Mallotus villosus Muller 1776

G. †Meemannia Zhu et al. 2006

†Meemannia eos Zhu et al. 2006

G. †Meisenheimichthys Poschmann and Schindler 2004

†Meisenheimichthys breitenheimensis Poschmann and Schindler 2004

†Meisenheimichthys glanensis Schindler 2006

†Meisenheimichthys palatinus Poschmann and Schindler 2004

Invalid names: Elonichthys palatinus Schindler 1993 [replaced]

G. †Ministrella Matveeva 1958

†Ministrella longicauda Matveeva 1958

Fm. †Moythomasiidae Kazantseva 1971

G. †Krasnoyarichthys Prokofiev 2002

G. †Neuburgichthys Schultze et al. 2021

†Neuburgichthys mariae Schultze et al. 2021

G. †Nozamichthys Schultze and Bardack 1987

†Nozamichthys contorta Schultze and Bardack 1987

G. †Opistopteryx Pictet and Humbert 1866

†Opistopteryx curtus Davis 1887

†Opistopteryx gracilis Pictet 1850

G. †Oxypteriscus Matveeva 1958

†Oxypteriscus minimus Matveeva 1958

G. †Pachylebias Woodward 1901

Invalid names: Aelia Costa 1860 [replaced]

G. †Palaeobergia Berg 1958

†Palaeobergia microlepis Berg 1958

G. †Palaeoneiros Giles et al. 2023

†Palaeoneiros clackorum Giles et al. 2023

Or. †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902

G. †Agecephalichthys Wade 1935

G. †Amblypterina Berg 1940

G. †Arratiaichthys Richter and Breitkreuz 1997

Fm. †Atherstoniidae Gardiner

G. †Blanzychthys Heyler and Poplin 1994

Fm. †Boreolepidae Aldinger 1937

G. †Borichthys

G. †Brachypareion Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

Fm. †Brazilichthyidae Cox and Hutchinson 1991

G. †Browneichthys Woodward 1889

G. †Burbonella

G. †Caelatichthys Lombardo 2002

Fm. †Canobiidae

G. †Cornuboniscus White 1939

G. †Cosmolepis Egerton 1858

Fm. †Cosmoptychiidae Gardiner 1963

G. †Daedalichthys Brough 1931

G. †Daqingshaniscus Chen 1988

G. †Decazella Heyler 1967

G. †Dialipina Schultze 1968

G. †Dorsolepis Sepkoski 2002

Subor. †Dorypteroidei

G. †Drydenius Traquair 1890

Invalid names: Microconodus Traquair 1877 [synonym]

Fm. †Dwykiidae Gardiner 1969

G. †Fukangichthys Su 1978

G. †Gardinerichthys

G. †Gyrolepidoides Cabrera 1944

Fm. †Holuridae Moy-Thomas 1939

G. †Huanghelepis Lu 2002

G. †Igornella Heyer 1969

Fm. †Igornichthyidae Heyler 1977

G. †Illiniichthys Schultze and Bardack 1987

G. †Kentuckia Rayner 1951

G. †Korutichthys Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Letovichthys Štamberg 2007

G. †Luederia Schaeffer and Dalquest 1978

G. †Mansfieldiscus Long 1988

Invalid names: Cosmolepides M'Coy 1890 [synonym]

G. †Neuburgella Kazantseva-Selezneva 1981

G. †Orvikuina Gross 1953

G. †Osorioichthys Casier 1954

Subor. †Palaeoniscoidei

G. †Palaeothrissum de Blainville 1818

G. †Paradrydenius Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

G. †Paragonatodus Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980

Fm. †Phanerorhynchidae Stensiö 1932

Subor. †Platysomoidei Aldinger 1937

G. †Plesiococcolepis Wang 1977

G. †Protamblyptera

G. †Psilichthys Hall 1900

Subor. †Redfieldioidei Berg 1955

G. †Rhabdolepis Troschel 1857

G. †Sakamenichthys Lehman et al. 1959

Fm. †Scanilepididae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Sceletophoridae Štamberg 2006

G. †Songanella Saint-Seine and Casier 1962

G. †Tanaocrossus Schaeffer 1967

G. †Tienshaniscus Liu and Wang 1978

Fm. †Trissolepidae Štamberg 2013

G. †Urosthenes Dana 1848

G. †Westollia White and Moy-Thomas 1940

G. †Zaxilepis Su 1994

G. †Zhongweilepis Tan 2017

Invalid names: Bobasatraniiformes [synonym], Coccolepidae Berg 1940 [empty], Palaeoniscida [synonym]

Or. †Paleonisciformes

G. †Tanypterichthys Weems and Windolph 1986

Or. †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969

G. †Amblypterus Agassiz 1833

Invalid names: Archaeoniscus Sauvage 1890 [synonym]

G. †Paramblypterus Blot 1966

Invalid names: Chalkichthys Fritsch 1894 [synonym], Cosmopoma Sauvage 1890 [synonym]

Subor. †Phanerosteonoidei Lowney 1980

Invalid names: Phanerosteonidae Lowney 1980 [invalid subgroup]

G. †Phoebeannaia Caron et al. 2023

†Phoebeannaia mossae Caron et al. 2023

G. †Piratata Richter 2022

†Piratata rogersmithii Richter 2022

G. Protaulopsis Woodward 1901

†Protaulopsis bolcensis Woodward 1901

G. †Pseudoberyx Pictet and Humbert 1866

†Pseudoberyx bottae Pictet and Humbert 1866

†Pseudoberyx grandis Davis 1887

†Pseudoberyx syriacus Pictet and Humbert 1866

G. †Rhynchorhinus Woodward 1901

†Rhynchorhinus branchialis Woodward 1901

†Rhynchorhinus major Woodward 1901

G. †Roslerichthys Hamel 2005

†Roslerichthys riomafrensis Hamel 2005

G. Salmo Linnaeus 1758 [salmon]

Salmo muelleri Gmelin 1789 [Mueller's pearlside]

G. †Schizospondylus Bayer 1905

†Schizospondylus dubiius Bayer 1905

G. †Spinofacia Mickle 2011

†Spinofacia pectinatus Mickle 2011

G. †Stegotrachelus Woodward and White 1926

†Stegotrachelus finlayi Woodward and White 1926

G. †Tanyrhinichthys Gottfried 1987

†Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri Gottfried 1987

Or. †Tarrasiiformes

G. †Tarrasius Traquair 1881

G. †Terenolepis Burrow 1995

†Terenolepis turnerae Burrow 1995

G. †Tetragonopterus Cuvier 1817

†Tetragonopterus lignitcus Woodward 1898

Or. Tetraodontiformes Berg 1940

G. Alutera Oken 1817

Fm. Aracanidae

G. †Atlanticopristis Pereira and Medeiros 2008

Subor. Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal 1987

Fm. †Bolcabalistidae

G. †Cretazeus Tyler 2000

G. †Eodiodon Casier 1952

Fm. †Eoplectidae

G. †Indotrigonodon Jain and Sahni 1983

G. †Kyrtogymnodon Tavani 1955

Subor. Moloidei

G. †Oligodiodon Tavani 1955

Subor. Ostracioidea Tyler 1980

Subor. Ostracioidei

G. †Pisdurodon Jain and Sahni 1983

Subor. †Plectocretacicoidei

G. †Plectocretacicus Sorbini 1979

Fm. †Protobalistidae

Subor. Tetraodontoidei

Subor. Triacanthodoidei

Subor. Triacanthoidei Betancur et al. 2013

Fm. Triodontidae

Fm. †Zignoichthyidae

Invalid names: Trigonodontoidae Weiler 1929 [empty]

G. †Thryptodus Loomis 1900

Or. †Trachichthyiformes

Fm. Anomalopidae

G. †Uranichthys Minikh 2009

†Uranichthys pretoriensis Minikh 2009

G. †Yaomoshania Poplin et al. 1991

†Yaomoshania minutosquama Poplin et al. 1991

Invalid names: Bobastraniiformes [empty], Cenechoia paramillensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Cenechoia sulcata Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Eurynotus uspallatensis Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000 [empty], Gyrolepidoides cuyanus Cabrera 1944 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus pectoralis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Lepidotus trotti Balsamo-Crivelli 1839 [nomen dubium], Neochallaia leonensis Rusconi 1952 [nomen dubium], Ophiopsis lariensis de Alessandri 1910 [nomen dubium], Palaeonisci [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscimorpha Lund et al. 1995 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidae Rohon 1890 [invalid subgroup], Palaeoniscoidea [invalid subgroup], Pholidophorus dentatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus lepturus Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus vallejensis Rusconi 1947 [nomen dubium], Polypteri [empty], Protospondyli Woodward 1895 [empty], Semionotus brevis Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus dubius Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium], Semionotus inornatus Henry 1876 [nomen dubium], Semionotus mendozaensis Geinitz 1885 [nomen dubium], Semionotus unicristatus Rusconi 1946 [nomen dubium], Semionotus vallejensis Rusconi 1950 [nomen dubium]

Unr. Actinopterygii Cope 1887 [ray-finned fish]

G. †Austelliscus Figueroa et al. 2021

†Austelliscus ferox Figueroa et al. 2021

Or. †Cheirolepidiformes

Fm. †Cheirolepididae Pander 1860

Infracl. Chondrostei Müller 1844

Or. Acipenseriformes Berg 1940

Fm. Dictyopygidae

Invalid names: Catopteridae Woodward 1890 [synonym]

Or. †Luganoiiformes Lehman 1958

G. †Neochallaia Rusconi 1949

Or. †Pholidopleuriformes

Or. †Ptycholepiformes

Or. †Saurichthyiformes

Invalid names: Asterodontidae [empty], Cheirolepiformes [empty], Chondrosteiformes [empty], Diphyodontidae [empty], Guidayichthyiformes Lund 2000 [empty], Phanerorhynchiformes [empty], Polyodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Sturii Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Fm. †Coccocephalichthyidae Fowler 1951

G. †Coccocephalus Watson 1925

Invalid names: Coccocephalichthys Whitley 1940 [replaced], Cocconiscus White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [replaced]

G. †Coccolepis Agassiz 1843

†Coccolepis andrewsi Woodward and Sherborn 1890

†Coccolepis australis Woodward 1891

†Coccolepis bucklandi Agassiz 1843

†Coccolepis liassicus Woodward 1890

†Coccolepis macropterus Traquair 1911

†Coccolepis woodwardi Waldman 1971

G. †Concentrilepis Stack and Gottfried 2022

†Concentrilepis minnekahtaensis Stack and Gottfried 2022

Or. †Elonichthyiformes Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977

Fm. †Acrolepidae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Acrolepididae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Eigiliidae Kazan'tseva 1981

Fm. †Elonichthyidae Aldinger 1937

Fm. †Gonatodidae Gardiner 1967

G. †Samarichthys Minikh 1990

Fm. †Varialepididae Minikh 1990

Or. †Eurynotoidiformes Minikh and Minikh 1990

Fm. †Eurynotoidiidae Minikh and Minikh 1990

G. †Gogosardina Choo et al. 2009

†Gogosardina coatesi Choo et al. 2009

Unr. Halecostomi Regan 1903

G. †Angolaichthys Teixeira 1947

G. †Aphanepygus Bassani 1879

Unr. Halecomorphi Cope 1872

G. †Hulettia Schaeffer and Patterson 1984

Or. †Ligulelliformes Taverne 2011

Infracl. Teleostei Müller 1846

Fm. †Haplolepidae Westoll 1944

G. †Blairolepis Lowney 1983

G. †Blanzyhaplolepis Poplin 1997

G. †Haplolepis Miller 1892

Invalid names: Eurylepis Newberry 1856 [synonym], Mecolepis Newberry 1856 [synonym], Mekolepis Newberry 1856 [synonym]

G. †Microhaplolepis Lowney 1980

Subfm. †Parahaplolepinae Lowney 1983

G. †Protohaplolepis Lowney 1983

Or. †Heteromi

Subor. Hoplopleuri

Invalid names: Pronotacanthidae [empty]

Fm. †Howqualepididae Long et al. 2008

G. †Donnrosenia Long et al. 2008

G. †Howqualepis Long 1988

G. †Lambeia Mickle 2017

†Lambeia pectinatus Mickle 2017

G. †Mesopoma R. H. Traquair 1890

†Mesopoma ardrossense Moy-Thomas 1938

†Mesopoma crassum Moy-Thomas 1938

Invalid names: Canobius crassum Traquair 1914 [replaced]

†Mesopoma fusiforme Traquair 1881

†Mesopoma macrocephalum Traquair 1890

†Mesopoma planti Traquair 1888

†Mesopoma politum Traquair 1881

Invalid names: Canobius politus Traquair 1881 [synonym]

†Mesopoma pulchellum Traquair 1881

Invalid names: Canobius pulchellus Traquair 1881 [synonym]

†Mesopoma smithsoni Coates 1993

Invalid names: Mesopoma becketense Lowney 1980 [nomen nudum]

Fm. †Mimiidae Gardiner 1993

G. †Mimipiscis Choo 2012

Invalid names: Mimia Gardiner and Bartram 1977 [replaced]

G. †Pacorichthys Lombardo 2013

†Pacorichthys sangiorgii Lombardo 2013

Or. †Paphosisciformes Grogan and Lund 2015

Fm. †Paphosiscidae Grogan and Lund 2015

Or. †Percomorphi

Subor. Amphacanthi

Unr. Bramiformes

Subor. Pareiopliteae Richardson 1836

Subor. †Percesoces

Subor. †Rhegnopteri

Subor. Squamipennes

Invalid names: Carangoidea [empty], Chaetodontoidea [empty], Coryphaeniformes [empty], Luvariformes [empty], Xiphiiformes [empty], Zaproroidea [empty]

G. †Pickeringius Choo et al. 2018

†Pickeringius acanthophorus Choo et al. 2018

Or. †Plectognathi

Subor. †Sclerodermi Cuvier

G. †Raynerius Giles et al. 2015

†Raynerius splendens Giles et al. 2015

Or. †Redfieldiiformes Berg 1940

Fm. †Brookvaliidae Berg 1940

G. †Calaichthys Gouiric-Cavalli et al. 2017

Or. †Rhadinichthyiformes Lowney 1980

Fm. †Willomorichthyidae Gardiner 1969

Invalid names: Rhadinichthyoidei Lowney 1980 [empty]

Or. †Scleroparei

G. Cyclopterus Linnaeus 1758

Fm. †Scopelidae

G. †Tydeus Sauvage 1870

G. †Trawdenia Coates and Tietjen 2018

†Trawdenia carricki Coates 1993

†Trawdenia pancheni Coates 1993

†Trawdenia planti Traquair 1888

Fm. †Turseoidae Bock 1959

G. †Eurecana Bock 1959

G. †Gwyneddichtis Bock 1959

G. †Usclasichthys Heyler 1977

†Usclasichthys macrodens Heyler 1977

Invalid names: Amblypteriformes Heyler 1969 [empty], Berycomorphi [empty], Dorypteriformes [empty], Gyrolepidoides multistriatus Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Irajapintoseidae Beltan 1990 [empty], Phanerosteoniformes Lowney 1980 [empty], Uydeniidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1980 [empty]

G. †Andreolepis Gross 1968

†Andreolepis hedei Gross 1968

†Andreolepis petri Märss 2001

Fm. Coregonidae

G. †Beckius David 1946

†Beckius plicatus David 1946

G. Coregonus Linnaeus 1758

Coregonus clupeaformis Mitchill 1818

G. †Parastenodus David 1946

†Parastenodus gillensis David 1946

G. †Crenilepis Reis 1887

†Crenilepis sandbergeri Dames 1888

G. †Cyclotomodon Cope 1876

†Cyclotomodon vagrans Cope 1876

Or. Ganoidei Agassiz

Or. Cycloganoidei

G. †Hypamia Leidy 1873

Subor. Lepidosteidae Owen 1859

Fm. †Sauroidei Agassiz

Invalid names: Glaniostomi [empty], Lepidoganoidei [empty], Placoganoidei [empty], Pycnodonti [empty], Rhomboganoidei [empty], Selachostomi [empty]

Or. †Iniomi

Fm. †Beerichthyidae Casier 1966

G. †Beerichthys Casier 1966

Subor. Chondrichthyes

G. †Areyongalepis Young 2000

Invalid names: Areyonga Young 1997 [replaced]

Invalid names: Bathypteroidae [empty], Cetunculi [empty], Cheirothricidae [empty], Harpodontidae [empty], Malacosteidae [empty], Omosudidae [empty], Plagyodontidae [empty]

G. †Lophosteus Pander 1856

†Lophosteus canadensis Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus connexus Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus incrementus Burrow 1995

†Lophosteus ohesaarensis Schultze and Märss 2004

†Lophosteus superbus Pander 1856

†Lophosteus uralensis Schultze and Märss 2004

G. †Naxilepis Wang and Dong 1989

†Naxilepis gracilis Wang and Dong 1989

G. †Nothosoma Agassiz 1843

†Nothosoma octostychius Egerton 1858

†Nothosomus laevissimus Agassiz 1834

G. †Preophiodon

Subcl. Sarcopterygii Romer 1955 [lobe-finned fish]

G. †Achoania Zhu et al. 2001

†Achoania jarvikii Zhu et al. 2001

Cl. Coelacanthimorpha

Or. Coelacanthiformes Berg 1937 [coelacanth]

Invalid names: Actinistia Cope 1870 [synonym]

Or. Dipnoi Müller 1884 [lungfish]

G. †Adelargo Johanson and Ritchie 2000

G. †Amadeodipterus Young and Schultze 2005

G. †Apatorhynchus Friedman and Daeschler 2006

G. †Ballagadus Smithson et al. 2016

G. †Cathlorhynchus Campbell et al. 2009

G. †Celsiodon Clack et al. 2019

Fm. Ceratodontidae Gill 1872

Subor. Ceratodontoidei Vorobyeva and Obruchev 1964

G. †Coccovedus Smithson et al. 2016

Or. †Ctenodontiformes

Subor. †Ctenodontoidei Nikolski 1954

G. †Ctenodus Agassiz 1838

G. †Devonesteus Jaekel 1927

G. †Devonosteus

Or. †Diabolepidiformes

G. †Dianodipterus Luo et al. 2021

Or. Dipnoiformes Cloutier 1990

Or. †Dipnorhynchiformes

Subor. †Dipnorhynchina Campbell and Barwick 1990

Subor. Dipteri Jaekel 1911

Or. Dipteriformes

G. †Dongshanodus Wang 1981

G. †Ferganoceratodus Nessov and Kaznyshkin 1985

Fm. †Gnathorhizidae Miles 1977

G. †Gosfordia Woodward 1890

G. †Harajicadipterus Clement 2009

Or. †Holodipterida Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971

G. †Jessenia Otto and Bardenheuer 1996

G. †Limanichthys Challands et al. 2019

G. †Megapleuron Gaudry 1881

G. †Melanognathus Jarvik 1967

Fm. Neoceratodontidae Miles 1977

G. †Nielsenia Lehman 1959

G. †Occludus Smithson et al. 2016

G. †Oervigia Lehman 1959

G. †Persephonichthys Pardo et al. 2014

G. †Pinnalongus Newman and den Blaauwen 2007 [lungfish]

G. †Proceratodus Cope 1884

Fm. †Ptychoceratodontidae Martin 1982

Fm. †Rhinodipteridae Campbell and Barwick 1990

Fm. †Sagenodontidae Jaekel 1911

G. †Sinodipterus Qiao and Zhu 2009

Or. Sirenoidei

G. †Speonesydrion Campbell and Barwick 1983

Fm. †Speonesydrionidae Campbell and Barwick 1990

Subor. †Speonesydrionina Campbell and Barwick 1990

G. †Synthetodus Eastman 1896

G. †Tarachomylax Barwick et al. 1997

Subor. †Uronemoidei Nikolski 1954

G. †Westollrhynchus Schultze 2001

G. †Xylognathus Smithson et al. 2016

Invalid names: Ceratodonti Jaekel 1911 [empty], Chirodipteroidea Long 1992 [empty], Dipnorhynchoidei Schultze 1992 [empty], Dipterida [empty], Dipterimorpha [synonym], Dipteroidei Vorobyeva and Obruchev 1964 [empty], Protoceratodontidae Miles 1977 [empty], Protopteri Jaekel 1911 [empty], Uranolophina Campbell and Barwick 1990 [empty]

Or. Dipnomorpha Ahlberg 1991

Superor. Ceratodontae

Subor. †Porolepiformes Jarvik 1942

Invalid names: Holoptychiiformes [synonym]

Fm. †Powichthyidae Jessen 1975

Invalid names: Porolepimorpha [empty]

Subcl. Dipnotetrapodomorpha Nelson 2006

Unr. Choanata Säve-Söderbergh 1934

G. †Diabolepis Chang and Yu 1984

Invalid names: Diabolichthys Holmes 1856 [replaced]

G. †Styloichthys Zhu and Yu 2002

Subcl. Tetrapodomorpha Ahlberg 1991

Invalid names: Osteolepidimorpha [empty], Rhizodontimorpha [empty]

G. †Guiyu Zhu et al. 2009

†Guiyu oneiros Zhu et al. 2009

G. †Ligulalepis Schultze 1968

†Ligulalepis toombsi Schultze 1968

†Ligulalepis yunnanensis Wang and Dong 1989

Infracl. †Onychodontida Andrews 1973

G. †Strunius Jessen 1966

Or. †Onychodontiformes

G. †Bukkanodus Johanson et al. 2007

Fm. †Onychodontidae Woodward 1891

Invalid names: Struniiformes [synonym]

Infracl. †Osteolepidida Boulenger 1901

Fm. †Osteolepididae Cope 1887

Invalid names: Glyptodipterini Huxley 1861 [synonym]

Or. †Osteolepidiformes

Or. †Osteolepiformes Berg 1937

G. †Cryptolepis Vorobyeva 1975

Subor. †Cyclolepidoidei Borgen and Nakrem 2016

Fm. †Lamprotolepididae Vorobyeva 1977

G. †Litoptychus Denison 1951

G. †Lohsania Thomson and Vaughn 1968

G. †Mahalalepis Young et al. 1992

Fm. †Megalichthyidae Hay 1902

G. †Megapomus

Subor. †Osteolepidoidei Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971

G. †Platyethmoidia Young et al. 1992

G. †Sengoerichthys Janvier et al. 2007

G. †Thysanolepis Vorobyeva 1977

Fm. †Tristichopteridae Cope 1887

G. †Viluichthys Vorobyeva 1977

G. †Vorobjevaia Young et al. 1992

G. †Psarolepis Yu 1998

†Psarolepis romeri Yu 1998

G. †Ptyctolepis Lu et al. 2017

†Ptyctolepis brachynotus Lu et al. 2017

Infracl. Rhipidistia Cope 1887

G. †Grenfellia Johanson and Ritchie 2000

Invalid names: Osteolepidoidea [empty], Panderichthyida Vorobyeva 1989 [empty]

Infracl. †Rhizodontida Andrews and Westoll 1970

G. †Archichthys Hancock and Atthey 1870

G. †Barameda Long 1989

G. †Letognathus Brazeau 2005

Fm. †Sauripteridae Davis et al. 2004

Or. †Rhizodontiformes Andrews and Westoll 1970

Fm. †Rhizodontidae Traquair 1881

Infracl. Tetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [tetrapod]

G. †Bipedopus Haubold 1971

G. †Cryptobranchichnus Huene 1941

G. †Delairichnus Haubold 1971

G. †Nothosauripus Kuhn 1958

G. †Semibipedopus Haubold 1971

G. †Youngolepis Chang and Yu 1981

†Youngolepis praecursor Chang and Yu 1981

Invalid names: Actinistia Cope 1870 [empty], Akinetia Gardiner 1984 [empty], Lepidosireniformes Savage 1951 [empty], Onychodontia Jaekel 1911 [empty]

G. †Sparalepis Choo et al. 2017

†Sparalepis tingi Choo et al. 2017

G. †Tythonichthys

Invalid names: Cephaloxeniformes [empty], Dialipiniformes [empty], Discordichthyiformes Minikh 1998 [empty], Euteleostomi [synonym], Pattonia Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pattonia couttsi Peach 1899 [nomen vanum], Pisces Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]

Unr. †Placodermiomorphi

Cl. †Placodermi M'Coy 1848 [armour-plated fish]

Or. †Acanthothoraci Stensiö 1944

G. †Breizosteus Goujet 1980

G. †Murrindalaspis Long 1984

Fm. †Palaeacanthaspidae Stensio 1944

G. †Weejasperaspis White 1978

Invalid names: Kolymaspidae Bystrow 1956 [empty], Radotinidae Arambourg 1958 [empty]

Or. †Antiarcha Cope 1885

G. †Grossaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940

Invalid names: Ceraspis Schlüter 1887 [replaced]

G. †Jiangxilepis Zhang and Liu 1991

G. †Lepadolepis White and Moy-Thomas 1940

Invalid names: Ceratolepis Gross 1933 [replaced]

G. †Liujiangolepis Wang 1987

G. †Macrodontophion Zborzewski 1834

G. †Microbrachius Traquair 1888

G. †Phymolepis Zhang 1978

G. †Pterichthyodid

Fm. †Silurolepidae Zhang et al. 2010

G. †Xichonolepis P’an and Wang 1978

G. †Zhanjilepis Zhang 1978

Invalid names: Antiarchi Cope 1885 [synonym], Yunnanolepiformes Zhang 1978 [empty]

Or. †Antiarchiformes Grande and Eastman 1986

Subor. †Bothriolepidoidei Cope 1886

Subor. †Yunnanolepidoidei

Invalid names: Yunnanolepida [synonym]

Invalid names: Bothriolepoidei [empty]

Or. †Arthrodira Woodward 1891

Fm. †Acanthaspida Heintz 1921

Subor. †Actinolepina Miles 1973

G. †Africanaspis Long et al. 1997

G. †Antarctolepis White 1968

Fm. †Arctolepidae Heintz 1937

G. †Arctonema Orvig 1969

G. †Arenipiscis Young 1981

G. †Aspidichthys Newberry 1873

G. †Atlantidosteus Lelievre 1984

Subor. †Brachythoraci Gross 1932

G. †Bruntonichthys DENNIS and MILES 1980

G. †Bullerichthys DENNIS and MILES 1980

Fm. †Bungartiidae Denison 1975

G. †Burrinjucosteus White 1978

G. †Callognathus Newberry 1890

Fm. †Camuropiscidae Dennis and Miles 1979

Or. †Coccosteina Heintz 1932

G. †Copanognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1920

G. †Cosmacanthus Agassiz 1845

G. †Cravenaspis Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Diplognathus Newberry 1878

G. †Erikaspis Dupret et al. 2007

G. †Errolosteus Young 1981

G. †Eskimaspis Dineley and Yuhai 1984

Superor. †Euarthrodira

Unr. †Eubrachythoraci Miles 1971

G. †Glyptaspis Newberry 1890

G. †Goodradigbeeon White 1978

G. †Grazosteus Gross 1958

Fm. †Groenlandaspididae Obruchev 1964

G. †Harrytoombsia MILES and DENNIS 1979

G. †Heintzosteus Goujet 1984

G. †Hollardosteus

G. †Huaningichthys Wang 1979

Superfm. †Incisoscutoidea Long 1994

G. †Kendrickichthys DENNIS and MILES 1980

G. †Kimberleyichthys Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983

Invalid names: Kimberia Dennis-Bryan and Miles 1983 [replaced]

G. †Kueichowlepis Pan and Wang 1975

G. †Latocamurus LONG 1988

G. †Laurentaspis Pageau 1969

G. †Lurapullaspis Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Machaerognathus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Mcnamaraspis Long 1995

G. †Murmur Whitley 1951

Fm. †Mylostomatidae Woodward 1891

G. †Operchallosteus Kulczycki 1957

G. †Overtonaspis White 1961

Subor. †Pachyosteina Obruchev 1964

G. †Parawilliamsaspis Liu 1980

Subor. †Phlyctaenina Miles 1973

G. †Platyaspis Koenen 1896

G. †Prescottaspis

G. †Qataraspis

Fm. †Rhachiosteidae Stensiö 1963

G. †Rolfosteus DENNIS and MILES 1979

Fm. †Selenosteidae Dean 1901

G. †Squamatognathus Hanke et al. 1996

G. †Taemasosteus White 1952

G. †Taunaspis Schmidt 1933

Or. †Temnothoraci

G. †Timanosteus Obrucheva 1962

Fm. †Titanichthyidae Dean 1901

G. †Toombalepis Young and Goujet 2003

G. †Toombsosteus White 1978

G. †Torosteus Gardiner and Miles 1990

G. †Trachosteus Newberry 1890

G. †Tubonasus DENNIS and MILES 1979

G. †Tyriolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

G. †Wheathillaspis White 1961

Subor. †Wuttagoonaspina Ritchie 1973

G. †Yinosteus Wang and Wang 1984

Invalid names: Arthrodiriformes Grande and Eastman 1986 [synonym], Brachydeirina Denison 1975 [empty], Heterostiina Denison 1975 [empty], Holonematina Denison 1975 [empty], Pachyosteidae Gross 1932 [empty], Phylctaeniida [empty], Stegophthalami [empty]

G. †Asiacanthus Liu 1948

†Asiacanthus kaoi P'am 1964

†Asiacanthus multituberculatus Liu 1948

†Asiacanthus suni P'an 1964

G. †Austroptyctodus Long 1997

†Austroptyctodus gardineri Miles and Young 1977

G. †Bianchengichthys Li et al. 2021

†Bianchengichthys micros Li et al. 2021

Or. †Brindabellaspida Young 1980

G. †Brindabellaspis Young 1980

G. †Campbellodus Miles and Young 1977

†Campbellodus decipiens Miles and Young 1977

G. †Changyonophyton Sze 1952

†Changyanophyton hupeiense Sze 1952

†Changyonophyton hupeiense Sze 1952

Or. †Coccostei Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Coccostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Heterostei Jaekel 1911 [empty], Homostei Jaekel 1911 [empty]

G. †Coelosteichthys Whitley 1940

G. †Deinodus Hussakof and Bryant 1919

†Deinodus bennetti Hussakof and Bryant 1919

G. †Entelognathus Zhu et al. 2013

†Entelognathus primordialis Zhu et al. 2013

G. †Hybosteus Gross 1933

†Hybosteus mirabilis Gross 1930

G. †Neopetalichthys Liu 1973

†Neopetalichthys yenmenpaensis Liu 1973

G. †Nessariostoma Broili 1933

†Nessariostoma granulosum Broili 1933

Invalid names: Nessariostoma Broili 1933 [objective synonym]

G. †Oestophorus Miller 1892

†Oestophorus lilleyi Newberry 1889

Invalid names: Sphenophorus Newberry 1889 [replaced]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

G. †Eurycaraspis Liu 1991

G. †Litilpetalichthyes

Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898

Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991

G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984

G. †Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

Invalid names: Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid], Eurycaraspis Liu 1991 [valid], Litilpetalichthyes [valid], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyida [empty], Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898 [valid], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Petalichthyiformes [synonym], Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991 [valid], Shearsbyaspis Young 1984 [valid], Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978 [valid]

Subor. †Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911

G. †Diandongpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

G. †Eurycaraspis Liu 1991

G. †Litilpetalichthyes

Fm. †Macropetalichthyidae Eastman 1898

Fm. †Quasipetalichthyidae Liu 1991

G. †Shearsbyaspis Young 1984

G. †Xinanpetalichthys P’an and Wang 1978

Or. †Phyllolepida Stensiö 1934

Subor. †Antarctaspina Denison 1975

Fm. †Gavinaspididae Dupret and Zhu 2008

Subor. †Phyllolepina Denison 1975

Or. †Pseudopetalichthyida Denison 1975

Fm. †Paraplesiobatidae Berg 1940

Or. †Ptychostei Jaekel 1911

Invalid names: Phlyctaenaspi Jaekel 1911 [empty]

Or. †Ptyctodontida Gross 1932

G. †Denisonodus Johnson and Elliott 1996

Fm. †Ptyctodontidae Woodward 1891

G. †Rhamphodopsis Watson 1938

G. †Tollodus Mark-Kurik 1977

Invalid names: Ptyctodontiformes [synonym]

Or. †Rhenanida Broili 1930

Fm. †Asterosteidae Woodward 1891

G. †Bolivosteus Goujet et al. 1986

G. †Sedowichthys Bystrow 1957

†Sedowichthys terraboreae Bystrow 1957

Or. †Stensioellida Romer 1945

Fm. †Stensioellidae Berg 1940

G. †Tollichthys Bystrow 1957

†Tollichthys polaris Bystrow 1957

G. †Wangolepis Pan 1986

G. †Yunnanacanthus Liu 1973

†Yunnanacanthus cuifengshanensis Liu 1973

Invalid names: Acanthothoraciformes [empty], Petalichthyida Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pseudopetalichthyiformes [empty], Rhenaniformes [empty]

G. †Plectrodus Agassiz in Murchison 1839

†Plectrodus mirabilis Agassiz 1839

G. †Qilinyu Zhu et al. 2016

†Qilinyu rostrata Zhu et al. 2016

G. †Ramirosuarezia Pradel et al. 2009

†Ramirosuarezia boliviana Pradel et al. 2009

Subcl. †Thelodonti Jaekel 1911

G. †Apalolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

†Apalolepis angelica Blom and Goujet 2002

†Apalolepis brotzeni Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Apalolepis obruchevi Karatajute-Talimaa 1968

†Apalolepis toombsi Turner 1973

G. †Boreania Karatajute-Talimaa 1985

†Boreania minima Karatajute-Talimaa 1985

G. †Canonia Vieth 1980

†Canonia costulata Märss et al. 2002

†Canonia grossi Vieth 1980

†Canonia kaerberi Marss et al. 2007

Or. †Loganelliformes

Fm. †Loganelliidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Angaralepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Illoganellia Märss et al. 2002

G. †Loganellia Fredholm 1990

Invalid names: Logania Gross 1967 [replaced]

G. †Paralogania Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Sandivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1997

G. †Shielia Märss and Ritchie 1998

G. †Stroinolepis Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002

G. †Talimaalepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Valyalepis Turner and Nowlan 1995

Invalid names: Loganiidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978 [replaced]

Fm. †Nunavutiidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Nunavutia Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Longodidae Märss 2006

G. †Longodus Märss 2006

†Longodus acicularis Märss 2006

G. †Nikolivia Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Nikolivia aligera Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Nikolivia auriculata Märss et al. 2002

†Nikolivia balabayi Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Nikolivia depressa Blom and Goujet 2002

†Nikolivia elongata Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Nikolivia gutta Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

†Nikolivia milesi Turner 1982

†Nikolivia oervigi Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Parathelodus Wang 1997

†Parathelodus asiatica Wang 1984

†Parathelodus catalatus Wang 1997

†Parathelodus cornuformis Wang 1997

†Parathelodus scitulus Wang 1997

†Parathelodus trilobatus Wang 1997

Or. †Phlebolepidiformes Berg 1937

Fm. †Katoporididae Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970

G. †Goniporus Gross 1967

G. †Helenolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Katoporodus Turner and Peel 1986

G. †Niurolepis Hairapetian and Blom 2010

G. †Overia Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Phlebolepis Pander 1856

G. †Trimerolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1967

G. †Zuegelepis Turner et al. 1999

Fm. †Phlebolepididae Berg 1940

G. †Erepsilepis Märss et al. 2002

Or. †Shieliiformes

Fm. †Shieliidae Maerss et al.

G. †Nethertonodus Märss and Miller 2004

G. †Valiukia Karatajute-Talimaa and Marss 2002

†Valiukia flabellata Marss and Karatajute-Talimaa 2002

Invalid names: Katoporida Karartajüté-Talimaa 1970 [empty], Sandiviformes [empty]

G. †Xiushanosteus Zhu et al. 2022

†Xiushanosteus mirabilis Zhu et al. 2022

Invalid names: Chondrichthiomorphi [empty], Ichthyes Gadow 1898 [empty]

G. †Hoplichnus Hitchcock 1848

†Hoplichnus equus Hitchcock 1858

†Hoplichnus quadrupedans Hitchcock 1848

Invalid names: Hoplichnus poledrus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]

G. Hypichthyes Huxley 1880

G. †Lepidotosaurus Hancock and Howse 1870

†Lepidotosaurus duffi Hancock and Howse 1870

Subph. Pachycardia Haeckel 1866

Invalid names: Monorrhina Haeckel 1866 [empty]

G. †Palaeoxyris Brongniart 1828

†Palaeoxyris alternus Fischer et al. 2011

†Palaeoxyris regularis Brogniart 1828

Invalid names: Sporlederia Stiehler 1860 [nomen nudum]

Cl. †Petromyzontida

Fm. †Gilpichthyidae Halstead 1993

G. †Gilpichthys Bardack and Richardson 1977

†Gilpichthys greeni Bardack and Richardson 1977

Fm. †Pipisciidae Halstead 1993

G. †Pipiscius Bardack and Richardson 1977

†Pipiscius zangerli Bardack and Richardson 1977

Invalid names: Cephalaspidomorphi Moy-Thomas and Mile 1971 [synonym]

Supercl. †Thelodontomorphi Jackel 1911

Cl. †Thelodonti Jaekel 1911

Or. †Furcacaudiformes Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Fm. †Barlowodidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Barlowodus Märss et al. 2002

G. †Sophialepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Pezopallichthys Wilson and Caldwell 1998

†Pezopallichthys ritchiei Wilson and Caldwell 1998

Or. †Thelodontiformes Kiaer 1932

Fm. †Apalolepidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Gampsolepis Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

Fm. †Archipelepididae Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Archipelepis Soehn et al. 2001

G. †Australolepis

†Australolepis seddoni Turner and Dring 1981

G. †Boothialepis Marss 1999

†Boothialepis thorsteinssoni Marss 1999

Fm. †Eestilepididae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Eestilepis Märss et al. 2002

G. †Kawalepsis

Fm. †Lanarkiidae Obruchev 1949

G. †Phillipsilepis Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Nikoliviidae Karatajute-Talimaa 1978

G. †Chattertonodus Märss et al. 2002

Fm. †Talivaliidae Märss et al. 2002

G. †Amaltheolepis Ørvig 1969

G. †Talivalia Märss et al. 2002

Invalid names: Coelolepidiformes Berg 1937 [synonym]

Invalid names: Archipelepidiformes [empty]

G. †Toxichnus Hitchcock 1865

†Toxichnus inaequalis Hitchcock 1865

G. †Zamponiopteron Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron falciformis Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron spinifera Janvier and Riglos 1986

†Zamponiopteron triangularis Janvier and Riglos 1986

Invalid names: Acrania Haeckel [empty], Cephalaspidomorpha [empty], Eotetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Herpetichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Mannodon Ameghino 1893 [nomen vanum], Myzichthyes Huxley 1880 [empty], Ophis Goldfuss 1831 [nomen nudum], Osteostracomorphii [empty], Ostracophori [empty], Petromyzontomorphi [empty], Pituriaspida Young 1991 [empty], Protetrapoda Jaekel 1911 [empty], Saurornia Seeley 1866 [empty], Thoracophis Troschel 1854 [nomen nudum], Tidaeus Ameghino 1890 [nomen vanum]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range: base of the Pridoli to the top of the Kungurian or 422.70000 to 274.40000 Ma

Collections (2 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Pridoli	422.7 - 419.62	China (Xinjiang)	Sciadophyton pristinum (10931)
Sakmarian - Kungurian	293.52 - 274.4	USA (Kansas)	Eukaryota indet. (32659)